
?專題11語法填空
一、2022年高考真題
1. (2022年全國甲卷語法填空)
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___61___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路線) by foot.
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___62___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___63___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___64___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___65___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___66___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years. Cao ___67___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___68___ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____70____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【語篇導讀】本文是一篇記敘文。一名失明的北京男子曹盛康徒步40天從北京到達西安,完成“一帶一路”徒步的首段旅程。
61.【答案】to journey
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:近日,一名來自北京的盲人徒步40天來到西安,作為“一帶一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子結(jié)合句意可知,journey為動詞,表示“旅行”,step前面有序數(shù)詞,應(yīng)用不定式,作后置定語。故填to journey。
62. 【答案】who
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:在這1100公里的旅程中,這位在8歲時因車禍而失明的男子曹勝康穿越了三個省的40個城市和縣城。分析句子結(jié)合句意可知,此處是非限定性定語從句,先行詞為Cao Shengkang,指人,在從句中作主語,應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who引導。故填who。
63.【答案】held
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:受到在北京舉行的“一帶一路”國際合作高峰論壇的啟發(fā),曹決定徒步穿越這條路線,以向古代絲綢之路致敬。分析句子可知,本句已有謂語動詞decided,所以hold應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式,hold與cooperation之間為邏輯動賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用過去分詞,作后置定語,表被動。故填held。
64.【答案】protection
【解析】考查冠詞。句意:他的一個朋友吳凡自愿在旅途中與他作伴。根據(jù)句意可知,此處泛指“他的一個朋友”,應(yīng)用不定冠詞,friend以輔音音素開頭,應(yīng)用a,空處位于句首,首字母大寫。故填A。
65.【答案】
【解析】考查名詞。句意:曹和吳還沿路收集垃圾,以促進環(huán)境保護。根據(jù)句意和空前的形容詞environmental可知,此處應(yīng)用名詞protection,作賓語,protection表示“保護”時,是不可數(shù)名詞。故填protection。
66.【答案】meaningful
【解析】考查形容詞。句意:曹認為這將使這次徒步旅行更加有意義。此處是make復合結(jié)構(gòu),應(yīng)用形容詞meaningful,作賓語補足語。故填meaningful。
67.【答案】has walked
【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:在過去的五年中,曹操穿越了六大洲的34個國家,2016年,他到達了乞力馬扎羅山頂,這是非洲最高的山峰。根據(jù)時間狀語in the last five years可知,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時,主語Cao為第三人稱單數(shù),助動詞用has。故填has walked。
68.【答案】highest
【解析】考查形容詞最高級。句意:在過去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34個國家,2016年,他到達了乞力馬扎羅山頂,這是非洲最高的山峰。根據(jù)空前Africa’s可知,此處表示乞力馬扎羅山是非洲最高的山脈,應(yīng)用形容詞最高級。故填highest。
69.【答案】from
【解析】考查介詞。句意:9月20日,他從4700公里外的西安飛到了喀什,計劃在五個月內(nèi)徒步返回到西安。根據(jù)句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知,此處表示“從西安飛往喀什”,應(yīng)用介詞from,固定搭配from…to…表示“從……到……”。故填from。
70.【答案】planning
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:9月20日,他從4700公里外的西安飛到了喀什,計劃在五個月內(nèi)徒步返回到西安。分析句子可知,已有謂語動詞flew,所以動詞plan(計劃)應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式,plan與主語He之間為邏輯主謂關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞,表主動。故填planning。
2. (2022年全國乙卷語法填空)
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 61 the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 62 festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63 (address)the opening ceremony. "As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 64 (large)tea-producing country, China has a 65 (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 66 (share)future for mankind," he said.
The "First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative" issued(發(fā)布)at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 67 cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
68 (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 69 (invite)twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕)at the ceremony, opening 70 (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
【語篇導讀】 文章主要介紹了為了慶祝第一個國際茶日,中國商會博物館所舉辦的一系列活動。
61. 【答案】by
【解析】考查介詞。句意:2019年11月27日,聯(lián)合國正式將5月21日定為第一個國際茶日。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表達“被聯(lián)合國在5月21日命名”。表示被動,使用固定結(jié)構(gòu)“be+過去分詞+by”。故填by。
62. 【答案】the
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:為了慶祝這一節(jié)日,周四在北京的中國商人博物館舉行了一系列活動。特指International Tea Day這一節(jié)日,所以用定冠詞the。故填the。
63. 【答案】addressed
【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意:中國文化促進會會長在開幕式上致辭。陳述過去事情,用一般過去時。故填addressed。
64. 【答案】largest
【解析】考查形容詞最高級。句意:中國是茶的發(fā)源地和最大產(chǎn)茶國,作為國際茶日的主要推動者,中國有責任與其他國家共同促進茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。根據(jù)定冠詞the和常識可知,中國是最大產(chǎn)茶國,所以用形容詞的最高級形式。故填largest。
65. 【答案】Responsibility
【解析】考查名詞。句意:中國是茶的發(fā)源地和最大產(chǎn)茶國,作為國際茶日的主要推動者,中國有責任與其他國家共同促進茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。不定冠詞a后接可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填responsibility。
66. 【答案】Shared
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:這有助于構(gòu)建人類命運共同體。此處為非謂語動詞做定語來修飾名詞future。非謂語動詞share和名詞future之間為被動關(guān)系,所以用過去分詞作定語。故填shared。
67. 【答案】And
【解析】考查連詞。句意:儀式上發(fā)布的“首個國際茶日萬里茶道合作倡議”呼吁茶業(yè)人士團結(jié)起來,促進國際合作和文化交流。名詞international cooperation和cultural exchanges為并列成分,作動詞promote的賓語。故填and。
68. 【答案】To strengthen
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:為了加強與年輕人的聯(lián)系,活動包括在社交媒體上的一系列公共宣傳活動,邀請了來自世界各地的29名茶葉專業(yè)人士進行36小時不間斷的直播。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表達“為了加強與年輕人的聯(lián)系”,需要用不定式作目的狀語。故填To strengthen。
69. 【答案】inviting
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:為了加強與年輕人的聯(lián)系,活動包括在社交媒體上的一系列公共宣傳活動,邀請了來自世界各地的29名茶葉專業(yè)人士進行36小時不間斷的直播。此處為非謂語動詞,邏輯主語the event與invite之間為主動關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填inviting。
70. 【答案】 its
【解析】考查代詞。句意:在開幕式上,中國古茶博物館正式揭牌,開啟了它的第一個展覽:大道遺真——普洱茶專題展。名詞exhibition前用形容詞性物主代詞。故填its。
3. (2022年全國高考新高考I卷語法填空)
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). __56___ (cover)an area about three times ___57___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __58___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___59___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___60___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___61___ leaving behind precious natural assets(資產(chǎn))for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___63___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物種), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___65___ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【語篇導讀】中國計劃設(shè)立大熊貓國家公園,以維護生態(tài)系統(tǒng)完整性和原真性,探索生態(tài)文明建設(shè)新模式,實現(xiàn)人與自然和諧共生。
【答案與解析】
56.【答案】Covering
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。設(shè)空處在句中以及有一謂語動詞作非謂語“will be”,且無連詞,動詞cover需要用非謂語的形式。cover和句子的邏輯主語the GPNP為邏輯的主動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式作狀語,首字母大寫。本句句意:該公園占地面積約為黃石國家公園的三倍,將成為中國首批國家公園之一。故填Covering。
57.【答案】the
【解析】考查冠詞。本句的結(jié)構(gòu)為:倍數(shù)+the+名詞(size/weight/length ...)+of B,表示“是B(大小/重量/長度...)的多少倍。本句句意:該公園占地面積約為黃石國家公園的三倍,將成為中國首批國家公園之一。故填the。
58.【答案】were
【解析】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。設(shè)空處在that引導的限制性定語從句中作謂語,先行詞為a significant number of areas,先行詞在從句中作主語,根據(jù)“previously (之前地)”可知從句講的是過去未受保護,所以要用一般過去時,根據(jù)主謂一致,從句主語復數(shù),從句謂語復數(shù)形式。本句句意:該計劃將把保護范圍擴大到大量以前未受保護的地區(qū),將許多現(xiàn)有的大熊貓保護區(qū)納入一個管理機構(gòu),以提高效率,減少管理上的不一致性。故填were。
59.【答案】to increase
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。設(shè)空處在句中已經(jīng)有一個謂語動詞“will extend”,剩下的這個“increase”作非謂語,由句意可知,increase在此處表示目的,應(yīng)用動詞的不定式的形式。本句句意:該計劃將把保護范圍擴大到大量以前未受保護的地區(qū),將許多現(xiàn)有的大熊貓保護區(qū)納入一個管理機構(gòu),以提高效率,減少管理上的不一致性。故填to increase。
60.【答案】is designed
【解析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。設(shè)空處在句中作謂語,和句子的主語The GPNP之間為被動關(guān)系;敘述客觀事實,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。故設(shè)空處應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài),主語單數(shù),謂語單數(shù)形式。本句句意:GPNP旨在體現(xiàn)“保護自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的真實性和完整性,維護生物多樣性,保護生態(tài)緩沖區(qū),為子孫后代留下寶貴的自然資產(chǎn)”的指導原則。故填is designed。
61.【答案】and
【解析】考查連詞。設(shè)空處無提示詞,且前后為并列關(guān)系,應(yīng)用and,連接三個指導原則?“protecting..., ,preserving ..., and leaving ...”。本句句意。大熊貓保護區(qū)(GPNP)旨在體現(xiàn)“保護自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的真實性和完整性,保護生物多樣性,保護生態(tài)緩沖區(qū),為子孫后代留下寶貴的自然資產(chǎn)”的指導原則。故填and。
62.【答案】populations
考查名詞。設(shè)空處和and后的復數(shù)名詞homes并列在句中作賓語,應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞population (種群)的復數(shù)的形式,注意population為可數(shù)名詞。本句句意:大熊貓保護區(qū)(GPNP)的的主要目標是改善大熊貓獨立種群和家園之間的聯(lián)系,并最終達到野外種群的理想水平。故填populations。
63.【答案】eventually
【解析】 考查副詞。設(shè)空處后為動詞achieve,設(shè)空處應(yīng)用副詞eventually作狀語,修飾動詞achieve。本句句意:大熊貓保護區(qū)(GPNP)的的主要目標是改善大熊貓獨立種群和家園之間的聯(lián)系,并最終達到野外種群的理想水平。
。故填eventually。
64.【答案】as
【解析】考查介詞。固定短語:serve as (充當)。本句句意:大熊貓還扮演著保護傘的角色,為中國西南和西北地區(qū)的許多動植物帶來保護。故填as。
65.【答案】that
【解析】考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。設(shè)空處為關(guān)系詞引導限制性定語從句,先行詞等于關(guān)系詞,設(shè)空處在從句中作指物的主語,先行詞為species,且先行詞前為all修飾,只能用關(guān)系代詞that。(語法知識點:當先行詞指物,且被all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修飾時,只使用that不用which引導。)本句句意:大熊貓國家公園旨在為生活在大熊貓范圍內(nèi)的所有物種提供更有力的保護,并大大改善該地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康。故填that。
4.(2022年1月浙江卷語法填空)
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___36___ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ____37____(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others ____38____ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ____39____(change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, _____40_____(rough) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ____41____ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ___42___ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___43___ time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the ____44____ (invite). That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans _______45_______(continue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一個由學者團體發(fā)行的實踐,目的是為了減少學術(shù)飛行以應(yīng)對氣候變化危機。
36.【答案】that/who
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:亞特蘭大佐治亞科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一個少數(shù)但是不斷增加的少數(shù)學者中的一員,因為氣候變化,他們正在削減他們的飛機旅行。名詞academics后為定語從句且在從句中作主語,應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞替代,故填that/who。
37.【答案】is viewed/has been viewed
【解析】考查被動語態(tài)。句意:對科學家而言,旅行去參加會議、講座、工作室之類的地方來相聚并交流信息這件事被視為是重要的。描述人們普遍認知的事情用一般現(xiàn)在時,此處也可以表示強調(diào)人們從過去到現(xiàn)在的認知,動名詞作主語與主謂之間存在被動關(guān)系,故填is viewed或has been viewed。
38.【答案】are
【解析】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:但是現(xiàn)在Cobb和其他人正在質(zhì)疑那個想法,推動會議提供更多遠程參加的機會以及為了盡自己的能力來應(yīng)對氣候變化危機,他們正在改變他們的個人行為。根據(jù)句意可知,此處也應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在進行時,主語為復數(shù),故填are。
39.【答案】changing
【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意:但是現(xiàn)在Cobb和其他人正在質(zhì)疑那個想法,推動會議提供更多遠程參加的機會以及為了盡自己的能力來應(yīng)對氣候變化危機,他們正在改變他們的個人行為。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處and連接并列的動詞questioning和change,故填changing。
40.【答案】roughly
【解析】考查副詞。句意:例如,在一個叫“無飛行科學家”的網(wǎng)站上,自從兩年前成立以來,大約有200個學者,他們中很多人承諾盡可能少飛行。此處修飾數(shù)字用副詞roughly“粗略地大約”,故填roughly。
41.【答案】have promised
【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意:例如,在一個叫“無飛行科學家”的網(wǎng)站上,自從兩年前成立以來,大約有200個學者,他們中很多人承諾盡可能少飛行。根據(jù)時間狀語“since+過去時間”可知主句應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時,故填have promised。
42. 【答案】whether/if
【解析】考查賓語從句。句意:對于她的出席,Cobb開始詢問邀請她的組織者是否可以遠程進行。顯然ask后面出現(xiàn)了一個賓語從句,賓語從句句意不完整,whether/if“是否”符合語境,故填whether或if。
43.【答案】the
【解析】考查冠詞。句意:大約有四分之三的時間,他們同意了。此處特指Cobb詢問的時間范圍內(nèi),故填the。
44.【答案】invitation
【解析】考查名詞。句意:當答案是否定的時候,她拒絕了那個邀請。此處需填入名詞作動詞decline的賓語,故填invitation。
45.【答案】to continue
【解析】考查動詞不定式。句意:他打算繼續(xù)這個實踐。動詞plan后面跟動詞不定式,plan to do sth“計劃做”,故填to continue。
二、2022年模擬題
Passage 1(2022·內(nèi)蒙古·集寧二中三模)
The home of the future won't be ____1____(complete) different and we will be living in houses and flats just as we do today. ____2____(build) in different shapes, no two homes will look the same. People will be able to buy “house kits” containing a basic house structure, with adjustable walls, doors and windows. They will put together the different parts ____3____ (create) the home they want.
Space holidays will develop in the future, but these holidays won't be for everyone because they are ____4____ (expensive) than holidays on the earth. Short space trips will develop first, then the space hotels will go around the earth ____5____it will be possible to have a longer vacation. By ____6____end of the next century, there will be holiday centres on the moon with leisure facilities for families.
According to the laws of physics, the earth is going to____7____( appear) some time in the future. This isn't going to happen tomorrow but scientists predict that it will happen in five billion years when our sun____8____(explode). ____9____ a result,we will have to explore the universe and find another home. At some point in the distant future, either we stay on the earth and die with it,or we leave and move to another planet. There won't be any other____10____(choose).
【分析】這是一篇說明文,介紹了將來的房子及生活。
1.【答案】completely
【解析】考查副詞。句意:將來的家不會是完全不同,我們將住在房子里和公寓里,就像現(xiàn)在住的一樣。修飾形容詞 different要用副詞。故填completely。
2.【答案】Built
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:被建成不同的形狀,沒有兩個房子是一樣的。空格處是狀語,build與主語two homes是被動關(guān)系,要用過去分詞,故填Built。
3.【答案】to create
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:他們將不同的部分組裝成他們想要的家。空格處表目的,要用不定式。故填to create。
4.【答案】more expensive
【解析】考查形容詞。句意:太空度假在將來將會發(fā)展,但是這些假期不適合于每一個人,因為這些假期要比地球上的貴許多。根據(jù) than holidays on the earth可知此處進行比較,要用比較級。故填more expensive。
5.【答案】where
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:短期太空旅游將首先發(fā)展,然后太空旅館將圍繞地球,在那里較長的度假是可能的??崭裉幰龑ФㄕZ從句,先行詞是 the earth,在定語從句中作地點狀語,需用關(guān)系副詞where引導。故填where。
6.【答案】the
【解析】考查冠詞。句意:到下一世紀末,在月球上將有舒適的度假中心。根據(jù) by the end of(在......末)可知空格處填the。 故填the。
7.【答案】disappear
【解析】考查動詞。句意:根據(jù)物理法則,地球?qū)⒃趯淼哪硞€時候消失。根據(jù) be going to do(將做某事)可知,空格處是動詞原形,結(jié)合句意“消失”可知,此處為disappear。故填disappear。
8.【答案】explodes
【解析】考查動詞。句意:這個不可能明天發(fā)生,但是科學家預測50億年以后,太陽將會爆炸。主句為一般將來時,when引導的時間狀語從句,要用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來,主語為our sun,謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填explodes。
9.【答案】As
【解析】考查固定短語。句意:因此,我們不得不探索宇宙,找到新的家園。根據(jù)固定短語as a result(因此)可知,空格處填as,位于句首,首字母需大寫。故填As。
10.【答案】choice
【解析】考查名詞。句意:那里不會有其它選擇。根據(jù)any other可知空格處是名詞。故填choice。
Passage 2(2021·四川·內(nèi)江市教育科學研究所一模)
Chinese carmakers are taking the lead in developing the intelligent cockpit (駕駛座艙),____1____ is becoming a key part of the modern driving experience.
Intelligent cockpits combine smart technologies with ____2____ (vary) driving functions, such as voice recognition for vehicle commands and the entertainment and navigation (導航) systems.
According to a report ____3____ (publish) by patent research firm PatSnap last week, globally there have been 193, 000 patent applications related ____4____ intelligent cockpits.
Of those, China owns 82, 300 applications, accounting for 42.56 percent of the total and ____5____ (rank) first worldwide. It means that the country has become the ____6____ (much) important market for intelligent cockpit technology, according to the report.
Japan ranks ____7____ (two) with 31, 900 patent applications and the United States follows with 19, 300. The patent applications of the top three nations account for around 70 percent of the total.
A representative from PatSnap has said the three countries represent the development trend of the automobile industry to a certain degree as they ____8____ (be) the three largest auto producers worldwide.
It can ____9____ (see) that under the global trend of autonomous, connected, electric and shared vehicles, the intelligent cockpit has become one of the vital development ______10______ (direction) of the future of mobility, the report said.
【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。報道了中國汽車制造商在開發(fā)智能座艙方面處于世界領(lǐng)先地位,智能座艙正成為現(xiàn)代駕駛體驗的重要組成部分。
1.【答案】which
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:中國汽車制造商在開發(fā)智能座艙方面處于領(lǐng)先地位,智能座艙正成為現(xiàn)代駕駛體驗的重要組成部分。分析可知,此處引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞為the intelligent cockpit,關(guān)系代詞which引導從句,在從句中作主語,指代事物。故填which。
2.【答案】various/varied
【解析】考查形容詞。句意:智能駕駛艙將智能技術(shù)與多種駕駛功能結(jié)合在一起,比如車輛命令的語音識別、娛樂和導航系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)后文名詞functions可知,此處應(yīng)用形容詞various或varied作定語修飾名詞。故填various/varied。
3.【答案】published
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:根據(jù)專利研究公司PatSnap上周發(fā)布的一份報告,全球有19.3萬件與智能駕駛艙內(nèi)相關(guān)的專利申請。非謂語動詞publish和所修飾的名詞report之間是被動關(guān)系,故用其過去分詞作后置定語。故填published。
4.【答案】to
【解析】考查介詞。句意:根據(jù)專利研究公司PatSnap上周發(fā)布的一份報告,全球有19.3萬件與智能駕駛艙內(nèi)相關(guān)的專利申請。relate to“與……有關(guān)”是固定搭配。故填to。
5.【答案】ranking
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:其中,中國有82,300人申請,占總數(shù)的42.56%,位居世界第一。非謂語動詞rank和主語之間是主動關(guān)系,故用其現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,和前文accounting并列。故填ranking。
6.【答案】most
【解析】考查最高級。句意:報告稱,這意味著中國已成為智能座艙技術(shù)最重要的市場。根據(jù)句意可知,此處用most構(gòu)成形容詞important的最高級。故填most。
7.【答案】second
【解析】考查序數(shù)詞。句意:日本以31,900件專利申請排名第二,美國以19,300件緊隨其后。根據(jù)句意可知,此處應(yīng)用序數(shù)詞表示“排名第二”。故填second。
8.【答案】are/have been
【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意:PatSnap的一位代表表示,這三個國家在一定程度上代表了汽車行業(yè)的發(fā)展趨勢,因為它們是(已經(jīng)成為)世界上最大的三個汽車生產(chǎn)商。根據(jù)句意可知,此處描述現(xiàn)在事實,故可用一般現(xiàn)在時;也可用現(xiàn)在完成時,表示過去的狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在的影響,意為“已經(jīng)成為”。主語為復數(shù),故填are/have been。
9.【答案】be seen
【解析】考查被動語態(tài)。句意:報告稱,可以看出,在自動駕駛、互聯(lián)、電動和共享汽車的全球趨勢下,智能座艙已成為未來移動的重要發(fā)展方向之一。謂語動詞see和主語(it為形式主語,替代后面that引導的主語從句)之間是被動關(guān)系,故用被動語態(tài),情態(tài)動詞后接動詞原形。故填be seen。
10.【答案】directions
【解析】考查名詞復數(shù)。句意:報告稱,可以看出,在自動駕駛、互聯(lián)、電動和共享汽車的全球趨勢下,智能座艙已成為未來移動的重要發(fā)展方向之一。根據(jù)前文one of可知,此處應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞direction的復數(shù)形式。故填directions。
Passage 3(2022·江蘇連云港·二模)
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a health care system in which patients ____21____ (treat) with natural plant, animal, and mineral remedies (藥物). It is assumed, for a person to be healthy, ____22____ yin and yang forces should he in balance. Imbalance causes illness or injury. TCM is about ____23____ (restore) the balance between yin and yang forces in patients. It has been a major part of traditional Chinese culture and continues to play ____24____ vital role in medical treatment in China today.
According to the World Health Organization, nearly 80 percent of the world's population depends for its primary health care needs____25____ medicines from plants and animals. This is especially true in countries where traditional medicines are ____26____ (wide) used.
Increasingly, however, modern medicines also contain substances from animals and plants. Given growing populations, increasing wealth, and the spreading____27____ (popular) of natural remedies around the world, the demand for these medicines and remedies ____28____ (rise) now. The rising demand, ____29____ (combine) with reduced habitat, has caused an alarming increase in the number of plant and animal species used for medicinal purposes at risk for many years. For instance, TCM uses about 1,000 plant and 36 animal species, including the tiger, rhinoceros, and sea horse, _____30_____ are all in danger.
【答案】21.a(chǎn)re treated 22.that 23.restoring 24.a(chǎn) 25.on##upon
26.widely 27.popularity 28.is rising 29.combined 30.which
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)、傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)的療法及其對所需用藥的動植物的影響。
21.考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)是一種醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng),是一種患者接受天然植物,動物和礦物質(zhì)藥物的治療。根據(jù)句意可知,此句描述一般事實,故用一般現(xiàn)在時。主語patients與treat是動賓關(guān)系,故用被動語態(tài)。主語patients是復數(shù)。故填are treated。
22.考查主語從句。句意:人們認為,為了使一個人健康,陰陽力量應(yīng)該平衡。根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處考查It is assumed that。其中It作形式主語,that引導的從句作真正的主語,引導詞that不可以省略。故填that。
23.考查動名詞。句意:傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)是關(guān)于恢復患者陰陽之間的平衡。根據(jù)空前的介詞about可知,此處用動名詞restoring,作賓語。故填restoring。
24.考查冠詞。句意:它一直是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組成部分,并在當今中國的醫(yī)療中繼續(xù)發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用。根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處考查短語play a vital role in,表示“在……發(fā)揮至關(guān)重要的作用”。因為vital是以輔音音素開頭,故設(shè)空處填a。故填a。
25.考查介詞。句意:根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的數(shù)據(jù),世界近80%的人口依靠植物和動物的藥物來滿足其基本的衛(wèi)生保健需求。根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處考查短語depend on/upon,表示“依靠”。故填on/upon。
26.考查副詞。句意:在廣泛使用傳統(tǒng)藥物的國家尤其如此。根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處用副詞widely,表示“廣泛地”,作狀語,修飾used。故填widely。
27.考查名詞。句意:鑒于人口不斷增長,財富不斷增加,以及自然療法在世界各地的普及,對這些藥物和療法的需求現(xiàn)在正在上升。根據(jù)空格前的定冠詞the可知,此處應(yīng)填不可數(shù)名詞popularity,表示“普及”,故填popularity。
28.考查時態(tài)及主謂一致。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)填謂語動詞。根據(jù)句意,此句描述現(xiàn)階段持續(xù)的狀態(tài),故用現(xiàn)在進行時。主語the demand是單數(shù)。故填is rising。
29.考查過去分詞。句意:結(jié)合棲息地的減少,不斷增長的需求導致多年來用于藥用目的的植物和動物物種數(shù)量驚人地增加。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處填非謂語動詞。The rising demand與combine是動賓關(guān)系,故用過去分詞combined作后置定語。故填combined。
30.考查非限制性定語從句的引導詞。句意:例如,傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)使用大約1000種植物和36種動物,包括老虎,犀牛和海馬,它們都處于危險之中。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此句是非限制性定語從句,引導詞用which,指代先行詞about 1,000 plant and 36 animal species,在從句中作主語。故填which。
Passage 4(2022·四川宜賓·二模)
Inspired by Chinese jade ornaments (玉制品), the medals of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games were announced ____31____ (official) on Oct. 26, 2021, 100 days ahead of the opening of the sporting event. After months of expectation and secrecy, the organizing committee of the Beijing 2022 Games introduced the medals — named?tong xin, ____32____ means togetherness — during a ceremony ____33____ (mark) the countdown to the opening of the event on February 4th.
The medals shave carvings of the Olympic rings ____34____ one side and are carved with the words “XXIV Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022”.?The concentric rings around the center represent the pursuit of unity ____35____ harmony, while echoing the Olympic values of solidarity, inclusiveness and promoting peace. The other side of the medals has the Beijing 2022 emblem (徽章) at the center.
Engravings (版畫) of cloud patterns, an element ____36____ (use) on the torch of the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics, snowflakes and ice markings fill the outer rings. The outer rings ____37____ (decorate) with 24 stars strung together by circles, representing the 24th edition of the Winter Olympics. Visually, it looks quite simple and plain at first glance, while ____38____ (detail) such as the carving of clouds and snowflake patterns as well as the uneven casting on the surface have made it special.?
Designers’ ____39____ (inspire) from jade for a second time honors the Chinese capital’s unique status-the first city _____40_____ (host) both the Summer and Winter Olympics.
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了2022年冬奧會的官方獎牌設(shè)計細節(jié)。
31.【答案】officially
【解析】考查副詞。句意:受中國玉器的啟發(fā),北京2022屆冬奧會獎牌于2021年10月26日正式宣布,離體育賽事開幕前還有100天。副詞officially作狀語,修飾動詞announce。故填officially。
32.【答案】which
【解析】考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意:經(jīng)過數(shù)月的期待和保密,北京2022年奧運會組委會在2月4日的開幕倒計時儀式上推出了這些獎牌,名為同心,意思是團結(jié)。此處是非限制性定語從句 2 means togetherness,先行詞是tong xin,指物,在從句中作主語,用關(guān)系代詞which。that不能引導非限制性定語從句。故填which。
33.【答案】marking
【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。主句已有謂語introduced且無連詞,動詞mark用非謂語動詞形式,邏輯主語a ceremony與動詞mark是主謂關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)表主動,作a ceremony的后置定語。故填marking。
34.【答案】on
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:獎牌的一面刻著奧林匹克五環(huán),上面刻著“2022年北京冬奧會”字樣。固定搭配on one side (一邊、在一邊、一面)。故填on。
35.【答案】and
【解析】考查連詞。句意:圍繞中心的同心環(huán)代表著對團結(jié)與和諧的追求,同時呼應(yīng)了團結(jié)、包容和促進和平的奧林匹克價值觀。名詞unity和名詞harmony是并列關(guān)系,用并列連詞and。故填and。
36.【答案】used
【解析】考查過去分詞。句意:2008年北京夏季奧運會火炬上使用的云紋元素的雕刻,雪花和冰紋填滿了外圈。本句已有謂語fill且無連詞,動詞use用非謂語動詞形式,邏輯主語an element與動詞use是動賓關(guān)系,用過去分詞表被動,作an element的后置定語。故填used。
37.【答案】are decorated
【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:外圈由24顆星星組成,用圓圈串在一起,代表第24屆冬奧會。此處缺少謂語,講述客觀事實,主語The outer rings和謂語動詞decorate是被動關(guān)系,用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài),主語The outer rings是復數(shù),謂語用復數(shù)形式。故填are decorated。
38.【答案】details
【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:乍一看,它在視覺上看起來非常簡單樸素,而云紋雕刻和雪花圖案的雕刻以及表面不均勻的鑄造等細節(jié)使它顯得特別。detail是可數(shù)名詞,結(jié)合下文such as the carving of clouds and snowflake patterns as well as the uneven casting on the surface可知,不止一個細節(jié),用名詞復數(shù)形式作主語。故填details。
39.【答案】inspiration
【解析】考查名詞。句意:設(shè)計師們第二次從玉制品身上汲取靈感,以表彰中國首都的獨特地位——第一個舉辦夏季和冬季奧運會的城市。由名詞所有格Designers’可知,此處用抽象名詞inspiration作主語。故填inspiration。
40.【答案】to host
【解析】考查動詞不定式。the +序數(shù)詞+(名詞)+to do sth. (第幾個做某事的人/物),host使用動詞不定式作名詞city的后置定語。故填to host。
Passage 5(2022·河南濮陽·一模)
A grand bridge over the Yangtze River serving cars and trains began operations on Wednesday in Nantong, Jiangsu province, and is expected to ____41____ (great) promote the integration (整合) and the economy of one of China’s most developed regions-the Yangtze River Delta.
It took six years and four months____42____ (build) the bridge between Nantong and Zhangjiagang. Many new technologies ____43____(use) then, including cables (電纜) with the highest tensile (拉力的) strength in the world and ____44____ advanced anti-collision system.
“The anti-collision system can warn the river traffic authority within 3 kilometers if a ship appears likely to strike the bridge.” an engineer said. Each of the bridge’s 432 cables can hold up to 1, 000 metric tons, roughly the ____45____ (weigh) of more than 600 cars.
As the second dual-use bridge in Jiangsu, ____46____ (follow) the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, the newly opened structure will help to ease traffic jam, ____47____ currently occurs on two neighboring Yangtze River bridges in Nantong and Wuxi cities. Travel time between Nantong and Wuxi by highway will be cut in half to 40 minutes.
The upper half of the bridge, a highway of six lanes, ____48____ (have) a speed limit of 100 kilometers per hour. The ____49____ (low) half of the bridge has four lanes for trains. With what is designed to be 200 km/h, the new railway lane will cut travel time between Nantong and Shanghai from 3. 5 hours ____50____ just over an hour.
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國滬蘇通長江公路鐵路兩用大橋的基本情況。
41.考查副詞。句意:周三,江蘇省南通市一座可通汽車和火車的長江大橋通車,預計將極大地促進中國最發(fā)達的地區(qū)之一——長江三角洲地區(qū)的一體化和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。此處用副詞greatly作狀語,修飾動詞promote。故填greatly。
42.考查不定式。句意:南通張家港大橋的修建歷時6年4個月。此處考查“It took some time to do sth.”,意為“花費一段時間做某事”,It為形式主語,真正的主語為不定式,因此空格處是to build,故填to build。
43.考查時態(tài),語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:當時使用了許多新技術(shù),包括世界上抗拉強度最高的電纜和先進的防撞系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)時間狀語then可知,該動作發(fā)生在過去,時態(tài)用一般過去時,又因為主語“Many new technologies”與動詞use是被動關(guān)系,故此處用所給動詞的一般過去時的被動語態(tài),主語technologies是復數(shù),因此空格處是were used,故填were used。
44.考查冠詞。此處是泛指,故用不定冠詞,advanced是以元音音素開頭的,故用不定冠詞an。故填an。
45.考查名詞。句意:這座橋有432根鋼纜,每根鋼纜可以承重1000噸,大約相當于600多輛汽車的重量。根據(jù)名詞所有格the (weigh) of more than 600 cars可知,此處用名詞weight,是不可數(shù)名詞,意為“重量”,故填weight。
46.考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意:作為江蘇省繼南京長江大橋之后的第二座兩用橋梁,新開放的結(jié)構(gòu)將有助于緩解目前南通和無錫市兩座相鄰的長江大橋上出現(xiàn)的交通擁堵。分析句子成分可知,bridge和follow之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故此處用所給動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語,表示主動。故填following。
47.考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該空引導的是一個非限制性定語從句,從句中缺少主語,先行詞“traffic jam”是物,故此處用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。
48.考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:大橋上半部分是6車道高速公路,限速為每小時100公里。此處陳述的是一般事實,故用一般現(xiàn)在時,又因為主語是“The upper half of the bridge”是單數(shù),故此處用所給動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式has。故填has。
49.考查比較級。句意:橋的下半部分有四條火車車道。由前面的“The upper half of the bridge”可知,此處指“較低的橋的一半部分”,故用所給形容詞的比較級,即lower,意為“較低的”,故填lower。
50.考查介詞。句意:這條新線的設(shè)計時速為200公里,南通至上海的旅行時間將從3.5小時縮短至1小時多一點?!癴rom. . . to. . . ”意為“從……到……”,為固定搭配,因此空格處是介詞to,故填to。
Passage 6(2022·陜西商洛·一模)
With a world reputation of beautiful silk producing nation, Chinese clothing enjoys a time-honored culture. China was the first country in the world ____51____ (develop) silk weaving (編織). According to archaeologists, Chinese people ____52____ (start) weaving since Neolithic ages. 3,000 years ago, silk weaving was already significantly developed.
In ancient China, people’s rank and social status could easily be figured out from their daily dressing, especially for the ordinary people and the upper class. Among the upper class, only the Emperor ____53____ (assign) the colour yellow. As for the ministers, generals and their ____54____ (wife), their uniforms were also restrictively regulated.
Chinese clothing has many types and suits according to ____55____ (variety) occasions. We have traditional Zhongshan suit, Cheongsam (旗袍) and many other suits ____56____ (create) by ethnic minorities (少數(shù)民族). Each type of the clothes has a unique way of making and sewing.
Cheongsam is popular because it has simple lines and looks elegant, ____57____ it fits Chinese females’ figures well. It is suitable ____58____ both young and elderly group. And it can either belong or short. Cheongsam is recognized around the world, ____59____ has inspired many foreign adaptations. It is ____60____ (popular) worn in China as the wedding dress, traditionally in red.
【答案】51.to develop 52.have started 53.was assigned 54.wives 55.various
56.created 57.a(chǎn)nd 58.for 59.which 60.popularly
【解析】本文是一篇說明文,主要講的是中國的特色服裝。
51.考查不定式。句意:中國是世界上最早發(fā)展絲織的國家?!皌he first+名詞”后用不定式作后置定語,因此空格處是不定式to develop,故填to develop。
52.考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:根據(jù)考古學家的說法,中國人從新石器時代就開始編織了。由“since Neolithic ages”可知,句子時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時,主語people是復數(shù),助動詞使用have,因此空格處是have started,故填have started。
53.考查時態(tài),語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:在上層社會,只有皇帝才被指定使用黃色。根據(jù)語境可知,只有皇帝才被指定使用黃色,句子用被動語態(tài),且句子描述過去的事情,因此時態(tài)用一般過去時,因此空格處是一般過去時的被動語態(tài),即was/were done,主語Emperor是第三人稱單數(shù),系動詞用was,因此空格處是was assigned。故填was assigned。
54.考查名詞的復數(shù)。句意:至于大臣,將軍和他們的夫人,他們的制服也被嚴格規(guī)定。and表并列,由前面的“the ministers, generals”是復數(shù)形式可知,空格處用復數(shù)wives,故填wives。
55.考查形容詞。句意:中國服裝根據(jù)不同的場合有多種類型和套裝??崭裉幱眯稳菰~作定語,修飾名詞occasions,variety的形容詞是various,意為“各種各樣的”,故填various。
56.考查非謂語動詞。句意:我們有傳統(tǒng)的中山裝、旗袍等少數(shù)民族創(chuàng)造的服裝。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中謂語是have,空格處用非謂語動詞,由by可知,空格處用過去分詞created表被動作后置定語,故填created。
57.考查連詞。句意:旗袍很受歡迎,因為它線條簡單,看起來優(yōu)雅,而且很適合中國女性的身材。“it has simple lines and looks elegant”和“it fits Chinese females’ figures well”是并列關(guān)系,因此空格處用and連接,故填and。
58.考查介詞和固定短語。句意:它適合年輕人和老年人使用。be suitable for是固定短語,意為“適合”,因此空格處是介詞for,故填for。
59.考查定語從句。句意:旗袍在世界范圍內(nèi)被認可,這激發(fā)了許多外國的改版。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處引導非限制性定語從句,從句中缺少主語,主語是前面整個主句,因此空格處用關(guān)系代詞which,故填which。
60.考查副詞。句意:在中國,它被普遍用作結(jié)婚禮服,傳統(tǒng)上是紅色的??崭裉幱酶痹~popularly修飾動詞worn,popularly意為“普遍地”,故填popularly。
Passage 7(2022·河南新鄉(xiāng)·二模)
The first creature ____61____ (orbit) our planet was just 2 years old. Her name was Laika.She was a good dog. Her 1957 flight paved the way for space ____62____(explore) when scientists wondered____63____it was lethal (致命的) for living things.
Humans are explorers since the dawn of civilization. We ____64____ (attract) over the horizon to find food or more space, or just to see what beyond those trees or mountains or oceans. Our ability to explore reached new heights. Airplanes shortened distances, simplified travel and showed us Earth from ____65____ new aspect. By the middle of the last century, we aimed even____66____ (high).
Our first steps into space began. Laika ____67____(follow) into orbit four years later by the first human,Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin. Space travel is nothing like in the movies. Getting from A to B requires complex calculations____68____ (involve) inertia (慣性) and gravity. Space is also dangerous. More than 20 astronauts have died while doing their jobs.
That hasn’t stopped people from signing up and blasting off. NASA’s Apollo program had ended____69____private companies are readying their own space programs. A company______70______(name) SpaceX is hoping to land civilian astronauts on Mars. Maybe you’ll be a member of them. Don’t forget to bring your dog.
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人類探索太空的歷史。
61.考查非謂語動詞。句意:第一個繞地球運行的生物才兩歲。動詞的修飾名詞或代詞前面有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時,應(yīng)用不定式,作后置定語。故填to orbit。
62.考查名詞。句意:1957年,她的飛行為太空探索鋪平了道路,當時科學家們想知道它對生物是否致命。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)空格前space可知,此處要填名詞,構(gòu)成固定短語space exploration(太空探索)。故填exploration。
63.考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處賓語句,從句不缺主賓表狀等成分;根據(jù)句意可知,此處意指“它對生物是否致命”,應(yīng)用whether引導。故填whether。
64.考查動詞語態(tài)。句意:我們被地平線所吸引,去尋找食物或更大的空間,或者只是去看看那些樹、山或海洋之外的東西。根據(jù)前句since the dawn of civilization可知,該段主要講述自從人類文明以來,人類就渴望探索太空,所以用現(xiàn)在完成時;同時,句子主語we和所填詞attract之間是被動的關(guān)系。故填have been attracted。
65.考查冠詞。句意:飛機縮短了距離,簡化了旅行,并從一個新的角度向我們展示了地球。根據(jù)句意,此處泛指“一個全新的角度”,應(yīng)用不定冠詞,new是以輔音音素開頭的詞,應(yīng)用a。故填a。
66.考查形容詞比較級。句意:到上個世紀中葉,我們的目標更高了。根據(jù)空格前副詞even可知,空格處要填比較級。故填higher。
67.考查動詞語態(tài)。句意:萊卡進入太空四年后,第一個人類尤里·阿列克謝耶維奇·加加林(Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin)也被送入軌道。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處要填謂語動詞;根據(jù)文意,此處要用一般過去時;句子主語Laika與所填動詞follow之間是被動關(guān)系,所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填was followed。
68.考查非謂語動詞。句意:從A點到B點需要復雜的計算,包括慣性和重力。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處要填非謂語動詞,在句中作狀語;根據(jù)句意,所填詞involve與前面的名詞calculation之間是主動關(guān)系,此處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填involving。
69.考查連詞。句意:美國宇航局的阿波羅計劃已經(jīng)結(jié)束,但是私人公司正在為他們自己的太空計劃做準備。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)該填連詞;根據(jù)句意,空格前后句有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故填but。
70.考查非謂語動詞。句意:一家名為SpaceX的公司希望將平民宇航員送上火星。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處要填非謂語動詞,在句中作定語,修飾前面的名詞SpaceX;所填詞name與該名詞之間是被動的關(guān)系,應(yīng)用過去分詞,意為“被稱作”。故填named。
Passage 8(2022·陜西咸陽·二模)
Tuesday, February 22, ____71____(know) as one of the most “l(fā)ove” days in China's recent memory,because the number “two”in Chinese is very similar to the word “l(fā)ove” in ____72____(pronounce).
On this special day,many Chinese people decide to get married ____73____(add) meaning to their special day.
At about 9 a.m., Jiang Shaoxin and Wang Yi came to ____74____marriage registration office in Yuzhong District, Chongqing, Southwest China.
The couple got a marriage certificate, ____75____(make) a lifelong commitment (承諾) to each other.The two said that on February 22, two days after the closing of the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, they reflected ____76____(they) own kismet (天命) through a series of surprising coincidences. Jiang and Wang met at a ski club ____77____they both practiced snowboarding. Their common interest soon turned into love. ____78____the Beijing Winter Olympics, they watched the competition together and cheered for their favorite athletes Gu Ailing and Su Yiming.
February 22 is the day with the ____79____(many) “two” numbers this year. It even falls on Tuesday,which is called “working day two” in Chinese. Chinese people think that even two means auspicious (吉祥)____80____it can refer to a pair or a couple.
【解析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了2月22日星期二因為因為中文中的數(shù)字“二”與“愛”字發(fā)音非常相似,被稱為是中國近期記憶中最“愛”的日子之一。
71.考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:2月22日星期二被稱為是中國近期記憶中最“愛”的日子之一,因為中文中的數(shù)字“二”與“愛”字發(fā)音非常相似。分析句子可知,空處缺少謂語動詞,這一天和know是被動關(guān)系,be known as表示“被稱為”,描述客觀事實用一般現(xiàn)在時,故填is known。
72.考查名詞。介詞后用名詞形式,故填pronunciation。
73.考查非謂語動詞。句意:在這個特殊的日子里,許多中國人決定結(jié)婚,以增加他們的特殊日子的意義。決定在這天結(jié)婚為了增加特殊意義,動詞不定式表示目的“為了”,故填to add。
74.考查冠詞。句意:大約上午9點。近日,蔣紹新和王怡來到中國西南重慶市渝中區(qū)的婚姻登記處。婚姻登記處,是特指的,所以用定冠詞,故填the。
75.考查非謂語動詞。句意:這對夫婦領(lǐng)了結(jié)婚證,許下了終身的承諾。題干謂語動詞是got,make和謂語動詞之間沒有連詞,要用非謂語動詞形式,他們和做承諾是主動關(guān)系,故填making。
76.考查代詞。句意:兩人表示,在2022年北京冬奧會閉幕兩天之后的2月22日,他們通過一系列令人驚訝的巧合反映出了他們自己的命運。表示“他們自己命運”用形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞,故填their。
77.考查定語從句。句意:蔣和王是在一家滑雪俱樂部認識的,兩人都曾練習過單板滑雪。a ski club是先行詞,在定語從句中做地點狀語,用where引導定語從句,故填where。
78.考查介詞。句意:在北京冬奧會上,他們一起觀看比賽,并為他們最喜歡的運動員谷愛凌和蘇一鳴加油。表示“在...期間”用介詞during。故填During。
79.考查形容詞最高級。句意:2月22日是今年數(shù)字“2”最多的日子。表示“最多”用the most,故填most。
80.考查狀語從句。句意:中國人認為“兩”是吉祥的意思,因為它可以指一對或夫婦。因為指的是一對所以認為吉祥,需用because引導原因狀語從句。故填because。
Passage 9(2022·山東聊城·一模)
Shennongjia is a household name in China because it’s the home of the legendary “wild man”. Its folk tale spans the generations.
Between 1976 and 1981, the Chinese Academy of Sciences organized three large scale ____81____???(science) investigations. They have collected hair, footprints and waste suspected of belonging ____82____ a “wild man”, but some experts argue that most were the result of bears, monkeys or even human beings. They failed ____83____ (uncover) the myth of “wild man”, but discovered the area’s rich biodiversity. Although several hundred people have claimed ____84____ (they) as eyewitnesses of some giant apelike creatures in Shennongjia, there is no tangible evidence to confirm the ____85____ (exist) of a “wild man”.
Nowadays, Shennongjia’s attraction is not merely about “wild man”. Its appeal ____86____ (be) more about its lively ecology, rich biodiversity and karst landforms. Shennongjia’s beauty varies over the year as nature ____87____ (take) its course. Tourists can enjoy flower blossoms in spring, be shaded from the summer heat, appreciate red leaves in autumn ____88____ go skiing in winter.
The “wild man” legend has been passed on for generations by word-of- mouth. In 2016, the legend of "wild man" in Shennongjia ____89____ (add) to Hubei province’s intangible cultural heritage list. Today, tourists can visit Wild Man Cave, _____90_____ eyewitnesses claimed that they spotted the creatures, and see “wild man” sculptures.
【解析】這是一篇說明文。介紹了中國神農(nóng)架自然保護區(qū)。神農(nóng)架在中國家喻戶曉,因為它是傳說中的“野人”的故鄉(xiāng),本文告訴我們那里的風景也很美。
81.【答案】scientific
【解析】考查形容詞。句意:1976年至1981年間,中國科學院組織了三次大規(guī)模的科學調(diào)查。分析句子,該空需要一個形容詞作定語修飾名詞investigations,所給詞science為名詞,其形容詞形式為scientific。故填scientific。
82.【答案】to
【解析】考查介詞。句意:他們收集了懷疑屬于“野人”的頭發(fā)、腳印和垃圾,但一些專家認為,大多數(shù)是熊、猴子甚至人類的產(chǎn)物。固定短語belong to意為“屬于”,符合語境。故填to。
83.【答案】to uncover
【解析】考查動詞。句意:他們沒能揭開“野人”的神秘面紗,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)了該地區(qū)豐富的生物多樣性。固定短語fail to do表示“沒能做成某事”,符合語境,所給動詞uncover應(yīng)使用動詞不定式形式作fail的賓語。故填to uncover。
84.【答案】themselves
【解析】考查代詞。句意:盡管數(shù)百人聲稱自己在神農(nóng)架親眼目睹了一些巨大的類人猿生物,但并沒有確鑿的證據(jù)來證實“野人”的存在。該句中使用了短語claim…as,該空應(yīng)該是claim的賓語,并且指代主語several hundred people,賓語與主語相同時,賓語應(yīng)使用反身代詞;所給人稱代詞主格they,其反身代詞為themselves。故填themselves。
85.【答案】existence
【解析】考查名詞。分析句子,該空應(yīng)填名詞作confirm的賓語,所給詞exist為動詞,其名詞拼寫為existence。故填existence。
86.【答案】is
【解析】考查時態(tài)及主謂一致。句意:它的吸引力更多地體現(xiàn)在生動的生態(tài)、豐富的生物多樣性和喀斯特地貌。該空所給動詞be在句中作謂語,描述的是一般性事實,應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語appeal為不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式。故填is。
87.【答案】takes
【解析】考查時態(tài)及主謂一致。句意:如今,神農(nóng)架的吸引力已不僅僅是“野人”,隨著自然的變化,神農(nóng)架的美麗一年又一年。所給動詞take在as引導的時間狀語從句中作謂語,敘述大自然的變化應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語nature為不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式。故填takes。
88.【答案】and
【解析】考查連詞。句意:游客可以在春天欣賞鮮花盛開,在夏天的炎熱中乘涼,在秋天欣賞紅葉,在冬天滑雪。該句列舉了四個在神農(nóng)架游客可以做的事情,四個動詞短語enjoy, be shaded from, appreciate和go skiing 為并列關(guān)系,應(yīng)填and。故填and。
89.【答案】was added
【解析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:“野人”傳說代代相傳,2016年,神農(nóng)架“野人”傳說被列入湖北省非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。該空所給動詞add在句中作謂語,主語legend與add為被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)該是有關(guān)工作人員把這個傳說列在了名錄里,應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài);時間狀語In 2016,應(yīng)使用一般過去時。故填was added。
90.【答案】where
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:如今,游客可以參觀野人洞,那是目擊者聲稱他們看到這種生物的地方,還可以看到“野人”雕塑。該空需要一個關(guān)系副詞where引導非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞Wild Man Cave,并指代先行詞在定語從句作地點狀語。故填where。
Passage 10(2022·江西九江·二模)
The design and colors of the Beijing Winter Olympic Villages reflect Chinese aesthetics (美學). The city ___91___ (see) 288 days of good air quality last year, up by 112 days from 2013. In history, Beijing 2022 is the first Games ___92___ all venues (場地) are powered by clean energy and Beijing is the first city in the world ___93___ (host) both the Summer and Winter Games. Passenger vehicles used for the Games’ official transport service are powered by renewable energy. The world’s first express train with a studio ___94___ (power) by 5G tech has been launched. “Green” tops ___95___ China-proposed concept of hosting “green, inclusive, open and clean” Olympic Winter Games. A number of Olympic high ___96___ (technology) have been applied for the first time in Beijing to ensure ___97___ (it) goal of carbon neutrality.
The 2022 Paralympic Winter Games mascot Shucy RhonRhon symbolizes reunion and joy. China’s commitment to engage 300 million people in winter sports has already become a ___98___ (real). Named “Tongxin”, the medals are designed and inspired ___99___ Chinese ancient jade concentric circle pendants (同心圓吊墜). A menu of 678 dishes will be served ___100___ (special) to athletes from diverse cultural backgrounds all around the world.
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了2022北京冬季奧會所體現(xiàn)的中國美學、北京冬奧會的與眾不同之處和北京冬季奧會吉祥物的設(shè)計理念。
91.【答案】saw
【解析】考查動詞。句意:北京冬季奧運村的設(shè)計和色彩體現(xiàn)了中國美學。北京去年空氣質(zhì)量良好的天數(shù)為288天。設(shè)空處在句中作謂語,根據(jù)時間狀語last year,可知句子的時態(tài)為一般過去時。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用動詞的過去式的形式。故填saw。
92.【答案】where
【解析】考查定語從句的引導詞。句意:北京2022年冬奧會是歷史上第一屆所有場館都使用清潔能源的奧運會,也是世界上第一個同時舉辦夏季和冬季奧運會的城市。設(shè)空處引導定語從句且在句中作地點狀語,先行詞為games,故填where。
93.【答案】to host
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意見上題解析。設(shè)空處在句中作非謂語,當名詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時,應(yīng)用動詞不定式的形式作定語。故填to host。
94.【答案】powered
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:世界上首次在高速列車上安裝了5G技術(shù)驅(qū)動的工作室。設(shè)空處在句中作非謂語,根據(jù)空后的by,可知應(yīng)用動詞的過去分詞的形式。故填powered。
95.【答案】the
【解析】考查冠詞。句意:“綠色”優(yōu)于中國提出的舉辦“綠色、包容、開放、清潔”冬奧會的首要理念。設(shè)空處特指后面的辦奧理念。應(yīng)用定冠詞the。故填the。
96.【答案】technologies
【解析】考查名詞。句意:為了實現(xiàn)碳中和的目標,一些奧運高科技首次在北京得到應(yīng)用。設(shè)空處在句中作主語,應(yīng)用名詞的形式,a number of許多,后應(yīng)用名詞的復數(shù)形式。故填technologies。
97.【答案】its
【解析】考查代詞。句意見上題解析。設(shè)空處后為名詞,設(shè)空處應(yīng)用形容詞的形式修飾名詞。故設(shè)空處應(yīng)為形容詞性的物主代詞。故填its。
98.【答案】reality
【解析】考查名詞。設(shè)空處前為不定冠詞a,設(shè)空處應(yīng)為名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填reality。
99.【答案】by
【解析】考查介詞。句意:獎牌的設(shè)計靈感來源于中國古代玉石同心圓掛件。根據(jù)句意,此處表達受……啟發(fā),應(yīng)用by。故填by。
100.【答案】specially
【解析】考查副詞。設(shè)空處后為動詞,副詞修飾動詞,設(shè)空處應(yīng)用副詞的形式。故填specially。
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