2022-2023年外研版英語七年級下冊專項復習精講精練：專題04 重點語法歸納及專練（原卷版+解析版）-試卷下載-教習網(wǎng)

一、重點語法歸納（一）物主代詞一、定義：物主代詞是表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，用來說明某物屬于某人或與某人有關(guān)。二、分類：單數(shù)復數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞myyourhis/her/itsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshis/her/ itsoursyourstheirs含義我的你的他的/她的/它的我們的你們的他（她，它）們的三、用法（1）形容詞性物主代詞相當于形容詞，只能放在名詞前作定語，后面一定要跟一個名詞my book，your name，their hobbies ①放在被擁有的物體名詞前，指明事物的歸屬者。?My book is on the desk. 我的書在桌子上。②放在被擁有的事物名詞前，表示事物與某人有某種聯(lián)系。?He is my younger brother. 他是我的弟弟。③用于描述說話人對自己所做的事情或某人對某人自己所做的事情。?She is brushing her teeth. 她正在刷牙。④放在表示動作的名詞之前，指明動作的施行者。? not long after our arrival 在我們到達后不久 ⑤放在表示動作的名詞之前，指明動作的承受者。? Jim and his supporters 吉姆和他的支持者們 ⑥用于頭銜? Your Majesty（陛下） ? Would Your Highness like a cup of tea? 閣下想要一杯茶嗎？【注意】a. 形容詞性物主代詞的選擇應根據(jù)事物的所有者的＂人稱＂（第一、二、三人稱）和＂數(shù)＂（單、復數(shù)）來確定。 b. 形容詞性物主代詞通常修飾有生命的事物，如＂the door＂或＂the door of the room＂比＂its door＂更常見。c. 表示某物屬于某人或某物，或者與某人某物有關(guān)可以用名詞所有格或＂of +介詞短語＂表示。（2）名詞性物主代詞相當于名詞，后面不能加名詞，可單獨使用，可在句中充當主語、賓語、表語等。相當于＂形容詞性物主代詞+名詞＂。①用于說明某事物與剛提及的事物類別相同，但屬于其他人。Sarah’ s house is much bigger than ours. 薩拉的房子比我們的房子要大很多。②常用于＂of＂引出的介詞短語，表示所談及的是群體中的一員。a friend of mine 我的一個朋友（表示許多朋友中的一個）當堂訓練一一、單項選擇1．—What are you ________?—I’m ______ my watch.A．doing; looking for B．looking for; finding C．doing; finding D．finding out; looking2．Maria is sitting ________ Jane and me.A．up B．both C．in front D．between3．—Are there ________ shops near here?—No, there are ________ shops near here.A．some; not B．some; any C．any; not D．any; no4．—________ sofas are there in the study?—Only one.A．How many B．How old C．How D．Whose5．My wallet is lost. I’m ________ it.A．looking for B．looking after C．look for D．look after6．There is a river between his school and home, so he takes a _________ to school every day.A．boat B．subway C．bus D．train7．—________ of the boys in our class is good at running. —Wow! So great!A．Some B．Any C．Many D．Much8．—Hurry up. Look at the timetable. The last bus ________ at 11:30 p.m. —Don’t worry. We still have l0 minutes ________.A．left；left B．left；leavesC．leaves；left D．will leave；leaves9．—What are you doing, Peter?—I’m ________ my wallet, but I can’t ________ it.A．finding; find B．finding; look forC．looking for; find D．looking for; look for10．Don’t _________ the birds. Listen to the teacher carefully.A．look out of B．look for C．look out D．look out at11．—Excuse me, may I use ________ pencil? ________ is at home.—Sure, here you are.A．your; Mine B．your; My C．yours; My D．yours; Mine12．—Miss Li teaches ________ English this term.—You are very lucky. ________ is a very good teacher.A．Our; She B．us; She C．us; Her D．ours; Hers13．—________ is that new bike over there, Mike? —I think it’s ________.A．Whose; Sam’s B．Who; Sam’s C．Whose; Sam D．Who; Sam14．Does your brother often do ________ homework in the evening?A．hers B．his C．my D．him15．She likes purple, so I think this purple wallet is ________.A．yours B．mine C．his D．hers (二）情態(tài)動詞can是情態(tài)動詞，意為＂能；會＂，表示某人或某物具備的能力，還可用來提出請求，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后面直接接動詞原形。下面來看一下它的具體用法。1. 表示有能力做某事，意為＂能；會＂。?I can speak English.我會講英語。?He can play basketball.他會打籃球。[來2. 表示許可，意為＂可以＂。?You can sit here.你可以坐在這兒。3. 情態(tài)動詞can表示推測，意為＂可能＂，常用語否定句、疑問句中。?It can’t be a cat. It has a short tail. 它不可能是貓，它有一個短尾巴。下面一起來看一下can的句型變換：(1)變?yōu)榉穸ň?/span>變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r在情態(tài)動詞can后加not，縮寫為can’t。?She can’t play the piano. 她不會彈鋼琴。(2)變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?/span>變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧鋾r直接將情態(tài)動詞can提到句首?？隙ɑ卮馂椋?/span>Yes, 主語＋can.否定回答為：No, 主語＋can’t.?—Can you speak Japanese? 你會講日語嗎？—Yes, I can./No, I can’t.是的，我會。/不，我不會。[【注意】用Certainly.作肯定回答，語氣更肯定；用Sorry.作否定回答，語氣則更委婉、客氣。?—Can you sing? 你會唱歌嗎？—Certainly, I can.我當然會。—Sorry, I can’t.很抱歉，我不會。(3)變?yōu)樘厥庖蓡柧?/span>變?yōu)樘厥庖蓡柧鋾r，其句型通常為＂疑問詞＋can＋主語＋動詞原形＋…？＂?What can you do? 你會做什么？含情態(tài)動詞can的句子的句式變換否定句/一般疑問句及回答方式否定句主語＋can＋not＋動詞原形＋其他. 一般疑問句 Can＋主語＋動詞原形＋其他？肯定回答 Yes，主語＋can. 否定回答No，主語＋can’t. 含情態(tài)動詞can的特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞＋can＋主語＋動詞原形＋其他？?What can you read? 你能讀什么？提問名詞(詞組)、代詞特殊疑問詞＋一般疑問句－畫線部分(要提問的部分)? 提問動詞(詞組)特殊疑問詞＋一般疑問句－畫線部分(要提問的部分)＋do？(即用do替代畫線部分) 【注意】情態(tài)動詞can沒有數(shù)和人稱的變化，其后總跟動詞原形?She can do it well.她能做好它。情態(tài)動詞can，可以表示能力，意為＂會，能＂。?I can swim and skate.我會游泳和滑冰。當堂訓練二二、將所給單詞連成句子16．swim, you, can, dance, or________________________________________?17．join, you, story, club, telling, can, the ___________________________________________.18．make, you, can, friends, your, with, new, classmates___________________________________________.19．Chinese, can, we, you, teach____________________________________.20．shop, in, you, buy, different, can, kinds, jeans, that, of (連詞成句)__________________________________________.21．can on the Danny all his things buy list ?__________________________________22．would, really, dance, think, I, like, join, she, well, to, she, because, the Dance Club, can (連詞成句) _________________________________________________.23．dance; can; she; well; really_________________________________________________.24．very, also, dance, they, well, can_________________________________________25．hallways, we, music, in, to, the, listen, can_______________________________________________ . （三）一般將來時be going to 的用法點撥一、be going to 的基本用法be going to 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu)，它后面要接動詞原形，用來表示按計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作，有時也可以表示推測將要或肯定會發(fā)生的動作，有“準備；打算”的意思。含有be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中往往有表示將來的時間狀語。例如：We are going to see a movie this afternoon.今天下午我們打算去看電影。（安排）Look at the black clouds. It's going to rain.看那些烏云，快要下雨了。（推測）二、be going to 在肯定句中的形式be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)中的助動詞be很少用原形，它一般有三種形式，即：am , is , are 。當主語是 I 時用am ；當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時用is；當主語是其他人稱時用are。例如：I am going to buy something tomorrow morning.明天早上我要去買些東西。She is going to see Mr. Wang this afternoon.她打算今天下午去看望王先生。三、be going to 在否定句和一般疑問句中的形式含be going to 的句子變否定句和一般疑問句的變法由于句子中有助動詞be，因此be going to 的否定句和一般疑問句的構(gòu)成很容易，即在be (am, is, are) 的后面加上not 就構(gòu)成了否定句；把be (am, is, are) 放到句首，在句末加問號就構(gòu)成了一般疑問句，其答語為：Yes, 主語+ am/is/are. / No, 主語+ isn't/aren't. / No, I'm not.不過 I am... 在改為一般疑問句時常常改為“Are you ....?”。例如：They are going to have a picnic this Sunday. (肯定句)They are not going to have a picnic this Sunday. (否定句)—Are they going to have a picnic this Sunday?—Yes, they are. (No, they aren't.) (一般疑問句及其回答)四、使用be going to 應注意的兩點1．There be 句型的be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)為：There is / are going to be... (注意句型中going to 后面的be不能改為have。) 常用來表示將有某事發(fā)生。例如：There is going to be a football match next Saturday in our school.下周六我們學校將有一場足球比賽。2．come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移動的動詞常用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將要發(fā)生的動作，它們很少與be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)連用。例如：Miss Sun is coming tonight.今晚孫小姐要來。當堂訓練三三、完成句子26．—你想怎么度過你的五一假期? —我期待野營, 我喜歡在戶外。—_________ _________you _________to spend your May Day holiday?—I’m _________ _________ _________ _________. I like being outside.27．我計劃一周游泳兩次。I ________.28．未來的生活將是怎樣的？What will life be like ________ ________ ________?29．我們盼望著在兒童節(jié)玩得開心。We’re ________ ________ ________ ________ ourselves on Children’s Day.30．我們更喜歡坐地鐵去觀光。We _________ _________ _________ _________ by underground. (四)一般將來時一、基本結(jié)構(gòu)will+動詞原形二、用法表示將來某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也可表達對將來的預測。三、時間狀語in the future, “in+一段時間”，tomorrow, next week等常與一般將來時態(tài)連用。No one will do heavy work in the future.將來沒有人做沉重的工作。We will be busy tomorrow.明天我們將很忙。四、各種句式結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：主語 + will + 動詞原形+其他.We will play football next Sunday. 下個星期天我們將踢足球。否定句：主語 + will not +動詞原形+其他.We won’t play football next Sunday. 下個星期天我們將不踢足球。一般疑問句：Will +主語+動詞原形+其他?肯定回答：Yes, … will.否定回答：No, … will.—Will you play football next Sunday? 下個星期天你們將打籃球嗎？—Yes, we will. 是的，我們將打籃球。—No, we won’t. 不，我們不打籃球。特殊疑問句：疑問詞 + will +主語+動詞原形+其他?What will you do next Sunday? 下個星期天你們將做什么？五、will與be going to的區(qū)別1.“will+動詞原形”表示客觀上將要發(fā)生的事情。They will visit a lot of interesting places.他們將參觀許多有趣的地方。2. “be going to +動詞原形”表示主觀上打算要做的事情或眼下將要發(fā)生的事情。They are going to help us.他們打算幫助我們。六、there be句型的一般將來時態(tài)There will be +主語+其他.There is / are going to be +主語+其他.There will be an English party this evening. 今天晚上將有一個英語聚會。當堂訓練四四、根據(jù)句意填空31．The villagers hope that they can have a bridge. Can their dream _______ true?32．I hope the students’ dream of having a bridge can come ________.33．There is so much _____ on the road today that I am late for school.34．The short ruler is my brother’s, and the ________ one is mine.35．Tom’s books are ________ — on his bed, on the sofa, and under the chair.36．Each time we have dinner in that restaurant , we are well ________. The waiters are really friendly.37．—________ you ________ to the news from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday morning?—No, I was visiting a museum at that time. 38．My ruler is short but yours is ________.39．The man didn’t believe the boy’s words any _____.40．Go along the street and turn right at the ________ lights. （五）特殊疑問句疑問句大致可以分為四種，它們是一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。本模塊的語法重點是特殊疑問句。1 特殊疑問詞what 詢問事物，什么how much 問價格或多少how many 問有多少what time 問時間what kind 問種類what color 問顏色why 問原因who 問人where 問地點when 問是時間how 問怎么樣how old 問年齡how often 問頻率how far 問距離how long 時間多長或物體多長2 特殊疑問句的語序特殊疑問詞 + 一般疑問句3 特殊疑問句的答語特殊疑問句不能用yes 或 no 來回答，而應根據(jù)它所詢問的內(nèi)容直接回答 Eg: -What time it is , please ? - It’s 7:30.4 特殊疑問句的語調(diào) 一般情況下，特殊疑問詞用升調(diào)，句子以降調(diào)結(jié)束。當堂訓練五五、劃線部分提問41．The tomatoes are ten yuan a kilo. (劃線部分提問)_______ the _______ of the tomatoes?42．There are two glasses of milk on the table. (對劃線部分提問)________ ________ ________ ________ there on the table?43．We grow some flowers and trees around the yard. (對畫線部分提問)_______ do you grow _______ flowers or trees?44．I want two boxes of lemons. (對劃線部分提問)___________________________ of lemons do you want?45．My mother likes purple. (對畫線部分提問)__________________________ your mother like?46．We are going to have a lot of delicious food at the party. (對劃線部分提問)How ________ delicious food ________ we going to have at the party?47．The blue socks are about 18 yuan. (對劃線部分提問)________ ________ are the blue socks?48．I’d like some orange juice to drink. (對劃線部分提問)________ ________ you ________?49．The dress is only eighty yuan.(對劃線部分提問)________ ________ is the dress?50．We need some milk and tea. (對劃線部分提問)________ ________ you ________? （六）方位的表達方式1. 方位介詞（短語）表達方位要用方位介詞（短語），常用的方位介詞（短語）如下：（1）on the left/right在左/右邊（2）opposite在……對面（3）next to緊挨著（4）between...and...在……和……之間（5）in the middle/centre of在……的中間/中央（6）on the other side of在……的另一邊其他常用的方位介詞有：（1）at（2）in（3）on（4）under 反義詞 over（5）behind（6）near其同義詞為beside或close to （7）at the end of2. 問路與指路的表達方式問路與指路是一種重要的交際功能，常見的相關(guān)表達方式有：問路指路Can/Could you tell/show me the way to...?Go across this street. Take the No. 3 bus.Can/Could you tell me how to get to...?Go past the bank. Turn left into...Is there a... near here?Yes. It’s... along the street.Where’s the...?It’s opposite the...Which is the way to...?It’s... on the left.How can I get to...?Turn left at the third street.Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to...?Follow... 當堂訓練六六、填寫適當?shù)木渥友a全對話根據(jù)下面的對話情景，在每個空白處填上一個適當?shù)木渥?，使對話的意思連貫、完整。A: Excuse me, where’s the Linhu Park?B: Go along this street, then turn left at the second crossing.A: ____51____B: It’s about thirty minutes on foot.A: ____52____B: Yes, you can. There are many buses to take you there.A: ____53____B: The No. 18 bus.A: ____54____B: It’s on the other side of the street.A: Thank you very much.B: ____55____ 七、補全對話6選5從文后選擇恰當?shù)倪x項補全對話。A: Excuse me, I’m new here. Is there a bookshop here?B: Yes, there is. ___56___ A: Could you tell me where it is?B: Sure. ___57___ Then walk until you see a police station. The bookshop is next to the police station.A: ___58___B: No, not very far, about 1.5 kilometers.A: ___59___B: You can take the BRT. The BRT stop is over there.A: Great! One more thing. What time does the bookshop close?B: I’m not sure. ___60___A: OK. Thanks so much for your help.A．Maybe at 8 p.m.B．Is it far from here?C．Where is the shop?D．How can I go there?E．The nearest one is Xinhua Bookshop.F．Go along the street and turn left at the third turning.

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