?省鎮(zhèn)中高一年級(jí)第二學(xué)期三月檢測(cè)(英語(yǔ))
第一部分：聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，20小題，每題1.5分，滿分30分)
第一節(jié) 聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。
1. What was the weather like in the afternoon?
A. Windy. B. Sunny. C. Rainy.
2. How does the man sound?
A. Worried. B. Confident. C. Afraid.
3. What is the conversation mainly about?
A. Going on holiday. B. Taking photographs. C. Getting a new passport.
4. Why did the man go to see a doctor?
A. He can only see things up close. B. He gets glasses for the woman. C. He doesn’t like his old glasses.
5. What are the speakers going to do next?
A. Stay at home. B. Play with snow. C. Play badminton.
第二節(jié) 聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。
6. Why does the woman want to replace the sofa?
A. It is uncomfortable. B. It is really old. C. It doesn’t match the table.
7. What do the speakers agree to do?
A. Change the table. B. Buy a reading lamp. C. Move a lamp onto the table.
聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。
8. What did the man use last weekend?
A. A shared bike. B. A shared charger C. A shared umbrella.
9. What is the woman going to talk about next?
A. The proper ways to use the sharing product.
B. Her attitude towards the sharing economy.
C. The advantages of the sharing economy.
聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。
10. What has the man found?
A. An old door. B. A secret dinner. C. An interesting wall.
11. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A Boss and secretary. B. Father and daughter. C. Husband and wife.
12. Where are the speakers?
A. In a shop. B. In a house. C. In a castle.
聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。
13. What is the man doing?
A. Eating a meal. B. Cooking a meal. C. Having an interview.
14. How long has the man been cooking?
A. Only recently. B. Since he was a kid. C. Since he was twenty years old.
15. Why does the man mention rice and noodles?
A. To give an example. B. To name his favorite food. C. To show his best cooking.
16. What is the most important for cooking according to the man?
A. Rich flavors. B. Freshness of food. C. Different styles of cooking.
聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。
17. What is Cathy’s nationality?
A. Chinese. B. German. C. American.
18. When will they start making dumplings?
A. At 4 p.m. B. At 6 p.m. C. At 8 p.m.
19. How will Cathy come to the speaker’s house probably?
A. By car. B. By bus. C. By taxi.
20. What does the speaker think Cathy may worry about?
A. Going back too early. B. Staying there too long. C. Having difficulty watching TV shows.
第二部分 閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Summer Schools
As the UK’s top ranked summer schools, these schools will deliver an outstanding summer experience in a multi-national, fun, and secure setting.
Oxford Summer School
Oxford Summer School enables students to live and study in an Oxford University College during the summer. The summer program is designed to give students a chance to study at university, meet other students from around the world and explore the famous city of Oxford.
Ages: 15-17
Dates: 15 July-30 August
Cambridge Summer School
Join us to live and study in the noted university city of Cambridge. Explore the city that shaped some of the world’s famous minds, including Sir Isaac Newton and Sylvia Plath. Follow in their footsteps as you experience your chosen subject through a series of lectures and workshops.
Ages: 15-17
Dates: 20 July-28 August
Earlscliffe Summer School
Earlscliffe Summer School is ideally located for both access to London and to a variety of local attractions. The campus is formed of seven Victorian and Edwardian buildings, all recently renovated (翻新) to provide high-quality teaching and residential facilities.
Ages: 13-17
Dates: 20 June-31 July
Rochester College Summer School
Rochester Independent College, one of the UK’s most well-established independent colleges, is proud to offer a range of distinctive summer courses. We are offering four different courses in very small classes where international visitors will study and socialize alongside local students.
Ages: 13-17
Dates: 25 June-28 July
1. Which of the following starts earliest?
A. Oxford Summer School. B. Cambridge Summer School.
C. Earlscliffe Summer School. D. Rochester College Summer School.
2. What can students do in the first two summer schools?
A. Socialize with local students. B. Explore the noted university city.
C. Organize lectures and workshops. D. Interview the world’s great minds.
3. Where can the text be found?
A. In a history book. B. In an art magazine. C. In a research article. D. In an education brochure.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四所暑期學(xué)校的情況。
【1題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Oxford Summer School部分的“Dates: 15 July — 30 August(日期：7月15日到8月30日)”，Cambridge Summer School部分的“Dates: 20 July — 28 August(日期：7月20日到8月28日)”，Earlscliffe Summer School部分的“Dates: 20 June — 31 July(日期：6月20日到7月31日)”以及Rochester College Summer School部分的“Dates: 25 June — 28 July(日期：6月25日到7月28日)”可知，Earlscliffe暑期學(xué)校最早開始。故選C。
【2題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Oxford Summer School部分中“The summer program is designed to give students a chance to study at university, meet other students from around the world and explore the famous city of Oxford.(該暑期項(xiàng)目旨在讓學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)在大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)，與來(lái)自世界各地的其他學(xué)生見(jiàn)面，并探索著名的牛津城)”以及Cambridge Summer School部分中“Join us to live and study in the noted university city of Cambridge.(加入我們，在著名的劍橋大學(xué)城生活和學(xué)習(xí)。)”可知，前兩所暑期學(xué)校的學(xué)生可以探索著名的大學(xué)城。故選B。
【3題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“As the UK’s top ranked summer schools, these schools will deliver an outstanding summer experience in a multi-national, fun, and secure setting.(作為英國(guó)排名第一的暑期學(xué)校，這些學(xué)校將在多國(guó)、有趣和安全的環(huán)境中提供出色的暑期體驗(yàn)。)”且結(jié)合全文可知，文章主要介紹了四所暑期學(xué)校的情況，因此文章可以在教育小冊(cè)子上找到。故選D。
B
Cristina, a teen who grew up in a poor neighborhood in Madrid, never imagined herself playing the violin. But today she is first violinist in an inventive orchestra (樂(lè)團(tuán)), bringing together two dozen other disadvantaged youths, using instruments made from recycled materials. “I am really happy, because the project has changed my life a lot,” said Cristina, her eyes gleaming.
Luis, 18, credits the project with keeping him on a right track in a neighbourhood like Vallecas, which has a high school dropout rate. “Instead of meeting up with friends, I preferred to listen to music, play it, and little by little it became a way of life,” he said.
The project, called “Music of Recycling”, aims to breathe new life into junk while also benefiting youths from disadvantaged backgrounds and it is run by Spanish environmental group Ecoembes and is inspired by Paraguay’s Cateura orchestra, made up of musicians from a poor neighborhood who play instruments made from materials found in waste.
After Ecoembes invited the Cateura orchestra to perform in Madrid in 2014, the group decided to found its own similar ensemble (小樂(lè)團(tuán)) that same year, said Gil, the director of Music of Recycling. The ensemble put on its first concert just four months later and “the kids could not play more than four notes,” said Gil.
Now after having performed in cities across Spain, “We already have four boys studying in scholarships at music schools,” he added. More than 100 children are taking music classes from members of the orchestra as part of the project.
The instruments are created by Soler, a third-generation instrument maker, from cans, wooden boxes and parts of abandoned instruments. He tried to make the instruments as close to their “normal” shape as possible so the children won’t have difficulty playing regular equipment in the future.
4. What does the author intend to do by referring to Cristina and Luis?
A. Praise the teens for their efforts. B. Introduce the startup of the project.
C. Show the effects of the project. D. Present ways to mix music and recycling.
5. Where does the project’s inspiration come from?
A. A group of musicians. B. A children’s orchestra.
C. Disadvantaged youths. D. An environmental group.
6. What can we learn about the project?
A. It was started in 2014. B. It was funded by the government.
C. It spread across the world. D. It made a large amount of money.
7. What’s Soler’s attitude towards the project?
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncaring.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了貧民窟長(zhǎng)大的克里斯蒂娜，因?yàn)橄埠靡魳?lè)，通過(guò)改造回收的材料制作樂(lè)器，然后帶領(lǐng)一批同樣喜歡音樂(lè)的年輕人組建樂(lè)隊(duì)，制造樂(lè)器進(jìn)而改變?nèi)松墓适隆?br /> 【4題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“I am really happy, because the project has changed my life a lot,” said Cristina, her eyes gleaming.(我真的很高興，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)項(xiàng)目改變了我的生活很多，克里斯蒂娜說(shuō)，她的眼睛閃閃發(fā)光)”以及第二段“Luis, 18, credits the project with keeping him on a right track in a neighborhood like Vallecas, which has a high school dropout rate.(18歲的路易斯認(rèn)為，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目讓他在巴列卡斯這樣的社區(qū)走上了正確的道路，那里的高中輟學(xué)率很高)”可知，這一項(xiàng)目對(duì)克里斯蒂娜和路易斯的人生產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。故選C。
【5題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“it is run by Spanish environmental group Ecoembes and is inspired by Paraguay’s Cateura orchestra(它是由西班牙環(huán)保組織Ecoembes運(yùn)營(yíng)的，其靈感來(lái)自巴拉圭Cateura樂(lè)團(tuán))”可知，這一項(xiàng)目的靈感來(lái)自于Cateura樂(lè)團(tuán)的音樂(lè)家們。故選A。
【6題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“After Ecoembes invited the Cateura orchestra to perform in Madrid in 2014, the group decided to found its own similar ensemble (小樂(lè)團(tuán)) that same year (在2014年Ecoembes邀請(qǐng)Cateura樂(lè)團(tuán)在馬德里演出之后，同年這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)決定發(fā)建立自己的小樂(lè)團(tuán))”可知，他們建立自己的小樂(lè)隊(duì)也是在2014年。故選A。
【7題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“He tried to make the instruments as close to their “normal” shape as possible so the children won’t have difficulty playing regular equipment in the future.(他試圖讓這些樂(lè)器盡可能地接近它們的“正?！毙螤?，這樣孩子們以后玩普通樂(lè)器就不會(huì)有困難了)”可知Soler正在努力為這一項(xiàng)目貢獻(xiàn)自己的力量，因此可以推斷出，他對(duì)這一項(xiàng)目是持支持態(tài)度的。故選B。
C
Robots are slowly entering the field of real-time multitasking, but before they can make it, their computing system must be updated.
“To truly cross that bridge, the robot needs high computing power, high-making speed, low power consumption, high flexibility of resource scheduling, and user-friendly computing parts, so as to run algorithms (算法) locally in real time,” Shi Luping, a professor at Tsinghua University and Ma Songchen, a Tsinghua Ph.D. candidate wrote in an email.
Right now, processing units cannot efficiently meet AI’s needs for economical and adaptable processing. But neuromorphic (神經(jīng)形態(tài)的) systems could be a solution. To invent a new neuromorphic computing system that can completely support the networks, Ma and his colleagues first created a framework called Rivulet. “It’s challenging to design robot-friendly equipment, and there are few multitasking professors specifically designed for intelligent robots,” wrote Shi and Ma. “We think of how we process information to make decisions reflexively — it’s the quality of brain regions. Then we came up with a Rivulet model, which enables multiple network tasks to schedule resources on the chip efficiently and flexibly.”
Employing the Rivulet model, the scientists built an electronic chip labeled TianjicX, as well as additional software. They put both into a mobile robot named Tianjiecat and ran it through a cat-and-mouse game. During the game, Tianjiecat had to carry out a variety of AI instructions to catch the robot mouse, which moved randomly (任意地) within a space with barriers using visual recognition and sound detection. Analysis showed TianjicX decreased the amount of power Tianjiecat used by half while processing information and significantly cut down on delays between making decisions and acting on them.
“We provide an exploration platform for AI researchers and promote the study of brain inspired intelligence,” wrote Shi. “Our platform also has great potential to be applied in edge computing scenes due to its ability of multitask processing, such as autonomous driving and the Internet Things.”
8. Which is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2?
A. Basics of computing systems. B. Challenges in developing AI.
C. The secret to robots’ multitasking. D. The tendency toward multitasking.
9. Where did the scientists get the idea of Rivulet?
A. From their life experiences. B. From the cat-and-mouse game.
C. From the feature of human brains. D. From the invention of neuromorphic systems.
10. How does the chip function in the game?
A. By controlling movements of the robot mouse. B. By sending out comprehensive AI instructions.
C. By enabling Tianjiecat to avoid barriers accurately. D. By lowering energy and time Tianjiecat consumes.
11. What do Shi’s words imply in the last paragraph?
A. Multitasking is essential in many fields. B. Current AI research is far from satisfactory.
C. AI has appeared in many real-life situations. D. The new system will have wide applications.
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了清華大學(xué)科研人員研發(fā)出的TianjicX芯片和相關(guān)軟件在智能機(jī)器人Tianjicat上的應(yīng)用，以及這些研究成果的應(yīng)用前景。
【8題詳解】
段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Robots are slowly entering the field of real-time multitasking, but before they can make it, their computing system must be updated.(機(jī)器人正在慢慢進(jìn)入實(shí)時(shí)多任務(wù)領(lǐng)域，但在他們能夠做到這一點(diǎn)之前，必須更新其計(jì)算系統(tǒng))”和第二段中“To truly cross that bridge, the robot needs high computing power, high-making speed, low power consumption, high flexibility of resource scheduling, and user-friendly computing parts, so as to run algorithms (算法) locally in real time(要真正跨越這座橋，機(jī)器人需要高計(jì)算能力、高決策速度、低功耗、資源調(diào)度的高度靈活性和易于使用的計(jì)算部件，以便在本地實(shí)時(shí)運(yùn)行算法)”可知，第二段主要討論了機(jī)器人多任務(wù)處理的秘訣。故選C。
【9題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“We think of how we process information to make decisions reflexively — it’s the quality of brain regions. Then we came up with a Rivulet model, which enables multiple network tasks to schedule resources on the chip efficiently and flexibly.(我們思考我們是如何處理信息以反射性地做出決定的——這是大腦區(qū)域的質(zhì)量。然后我們提出了一個(gè)Rivulet模型，它使多個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)任務(wù)能夠高效靈活地調(diào)度芯片上的資源)”可知，科學(xué)家們想到人腦是如何處理信息以本能地作出決定的，然后他們提出了創(chuàng)建Rivulet模型的想法。由此可知，科學(xué)家們從人腦的特征中得到了Rivulet模型的想法。故選C。
【10題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Analysis showed TianjicX decreased the amount of power Tianjiecat used by half while processing information and significantly cut down on delays between making decisions and acting on them.(分析顯示，TianjicX在處理信息時(shí)將Tianjicat使用的能量減少了一半，并顯著減少了決策和執(zhí)行決策之間的延遲)”可知，TianjicX在游戲過(guò)程中減少了Tianjicat消耗的能量和決策和行動(dòng)之間的延遲。由此可知，通過(guò)減少Tianjicat所消耗的功率和時(shí)間，實(shí)現(xiàn)了芯片在游戲中的功能。故選D。
【11題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中施路平的話“Our platform also has great potential to be applied in edge computing scenes due to its ability of multitask processing, such as autonomous driving and the Internet Things.(由于我們的平臺(tái)具有多任務(wù)處理能力，例如自動(dòng)駕駛和物聯(lián)網(wǎng)，我們的平臺(tái)在邊緣計(jì)算場(chǎng)景中也有很大的應(yīng)用潛力)”可推知，這一新系統(tǒng)有廣泛的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。故選D。
D
A workday filled with mentally challenging tasks can make people feel worn out and desire a relaxing evening of TV shows. A study led by Antonius Wiehler of Pitié-Salpêtrìère University Hospital provides an explanation for this familiar phenomenon.
Researchers arranged for two sets of subjects to work for over six hours. The first group was assigned a difficult version of tasks, while the second was given a simple version. They measured levels of glutamate (谷氨酸) that collected in the cognitive area of subjects’ brains, finding higher levels of the chemical appeared in the first group, although both groups reported feeling similar levels of tiredness after the daylong experiment. Glutamate helps learning and memory, but too much glutamate can give rise to brain cell damage.
Also, when researchers offered financial choices, as a measure of whether the difficulty of work affected subjects’ decision-making ability, those finishing harder tasks were more likely to choose to take home an immediate reward rather than wait for a larger cash-out at a later date. “Existing theories suggested fatigue (疲勞) is an unreal feeling cooked up by the brain to make us relax,” Wiehler says. “Yet our findings provide proof that cognitive work causes the collection of bad substances, so fatigue would be signal that makes us stop working but for a different purpose: to preserve normality of brain functioning.”
“Defining what fatigue is remains a challenge for the field, says neuroscientist Matthew Apps, “but it’s exciting that this experiment provides a reasonable alternative explanation that is of great help.” He notes some areas where these findings might come in. For people in jobs requiring intense focus, burnout can lead to damaging consequences. Preventing glutamate’ building may help maintain attention. Another area of interest would be researching clinical conditions related to fatigue. The presence of glutamate might reveal why patients struggle with fatigue.
For Wiehler, open questions remain. One limitation is their focus on the brain’s specific region, so what impact cognitively effortful work has on the rest parts remains to be seen. In addition, it’s not yet clear how the balance of glutamate is restored after rest. “Maybe it leaves the brain during sleep,” Wiehler says. “There’s tons of research to come.”
12. What was found in the experiment?
A. People who work longer expect higher rewards.
B. Tasks’ difficulty greatly affects levels of fatigue.
C. Tougher tasks cause more glutamate to build up.
D. Decision-making is linked with financial factors.
13. What might the researchers agree about fatigue?
A. It bothers people in the workplace. B. It mainly results from mental stress.
C. It signals the necessity of relaxation. D. It serves as a protection for the brain.
14. What is stressed in Paragraph 4?
A. Reliability of the finding. B. The practical use of the study.
C. The challenge in the cognitive field. D. Urgency to solve fatigue-related problems.
15. What might Wiehler explore next?
A. What limitations their experiment has.
B. Whether the balance of glutamate can recover.
C. Why rest is important for the brain to function well.
D. How demanding tasks affect other areas of the brain.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了研究解釋了充滿挑戰(zhàn)精神的任務(wù)的工作日會(huì)讓人精疲力竭，想要一個(gè)放松的晚上看電視這一現(xiàn)象，介紹了研究開展的過(guò)程以及發(fā)現(xiàn)。
【12題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“The first group was assigned a difficult version of tasks, while the second was given a simple version. They measured levels of glutamate (谷氨酸) that collected in the cognitive area of subjects’ brains, finding higher levels of the chemical appeared in the first group, although both groups reported feeling similar levels of tiredness after the daylong experiment.(第一組被分配了難度較大的任務(wù)，而第二組被分配了簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)。他們測(cè)量了受試者大腦認(rèn)知區(qū)收集的谷氨酸水平，發(fā)現(xiàn)第一組受試者的谷氨酸水平較高，盡管在一天的實(shí)驗(yàn)后，兩組受試者都報(bào)告了相似的疲勞感)”可知，在實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)更困難的任務(wù)會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多的谷氨酸堆集。故選C。
【13題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Yet our findings provide proof that cognitive work causes the collection of bad substances, so fatigue would be signal that makes us stop working but for a different purpose: to preserve normality of brain functioning.(然而，我們的研究結(jié)果證明，認(rèn)知工作會(huì)導(dǎo)致有害物質(zhì)的聚集，所以疲勞是一個(gè)信號(hào)，讓我們停止工作，但目的不同：保持大腦功能的正常)”可知，疲勞能保護(hù)大腦。故選D。
【14題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段““Defining what fatigue is remains a challenge for the field, says neuroscientist Matthew Apps, “but it’s exciting that this experiment provides a reasonable alternative explanation that is of great help.” He notes some areas where these findings might come in. For people in jobs requiring intense focus, burnout can lead to damaging consequences. Preventing glutamate’ building may help maintain attention. Another area of interest would be researching clinical conditions related to fatigue. The presence of glutamate might reveal why patients struggle with fatigue.(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家Matthew Apps說(shuō)，對(duì)該領(lǐng)域來(lái)說(shuō)，定義什么是疲勞仍然是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，“但令人興奮的是，這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)提供了一個(gè)合理的替代解釋，它有很大的幫助?！彼赋隽诉@些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能涉及的一些領(lǐng)域。對(duì)于那些從事需要高度專注的工作的人來(lái)說(shuō)，倦怠會(huì)導(dǎo)致破壞性的后果。防止谷氨酸鹽的積聚可能有助于保持注意力。另一個(gè)感興趣的領(lǐng)域是研究與疲勞有關(guān)的臨床狀況。谷氨酸的存在可能揭示了為什么病人會(huì)感到疲勞)”可知，第4段強(qiáng)調(diào)的是研究的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。故選B。
【15題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“For Wiehler, open questions remain. One limitation is their focus on the brain’s specific region, so what impact cognitively effortful work has on the rest parts remains to be seen.(對(duì)于維勒來(lái)說(shuō)，仍然存在懸而未決的問(wèn)題。局限性之一是他們關(guān)注的是大腦的特定區(qū)域，所以認(rèn)知努力工作對(duì)其他部分有什么影響還有待觀察)”可推知，接下來(lái)會(huì)探索高要求的任務(wù)如何影響大腦的其他區(qū)域。故選D。
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)
閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Perhaps you use your headphones to enjoy music and peace and quiet during the day. But you may be neglecting the dangers of hearing loss with headphones. ____16____ This is 30% higher than just 20 years before, and experts are pinning it on headphones.
In fact, headphones are not a bad thing. They can bring peace, allow for better musical enjoyment, and even protect your ears from higher decibels(分貝). ____17____
How long should you wear your headphones every day? The answer is, according to the World Health Organization, one hour per day. ____18____ But the fact is that the longer you listen, you’re going to lose your hearing sooner. To keep hearing loss from happening to you, you should follow the recommendation in place by the WHO that you keep your time with headphones on limited to one hour per day.
Then, how do you set the safest volume for your headphones? With headphones, it depends on the type you’re using and your environment. To test things out, you should take them off your ears and extend them in your hands out in front of you. ____19____ If you are using open-back headphones, you should try to have a conversation with someone nearby. When you’re able to carry on the conversation clearly, you’re listening at a proper volume. But do remember that never raise the volume on your listening device over 60% of the maximum!
____20____ At others this loss will build up over time. It usually isn’t noticeable in the beginning. It’s not until it’s too late that most people realize that the damage has been done. The only way to know for sure is to consult your doctor.
A. This might seem unreasonable to you.
B. At times, hearing loss isn’t permanent.
C. l in 5 teens will have some types of hearing loss.
D. What’s more concerning is what that means for children.
E. It’s the duration and volume that cause the problem, however.
F. If you still hear your music clearly, you need to turn them down.
G. It’s a wonderful thing to shut out the rest of the world and enjoy your music.
【答案】16. C 17. E 18. A 19. F 20. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了世衛(wèi)組織的建議，每天戴耳機(jī)的時(shí)間限制在一小時(shí)之內(nèi)。并且永遠(yuǎn)不要把你的聽(tīng)力設(shè)備的音量提高到最大音量的60％以上。
【16題詳解】
前句“But you too neglect the dangers of hearing loss with headphones. (但你也忽視了戴耳機(jī)聽(tīng)力下降的危險(xiǎn)。)”指出戴耳機(jī)會(huì)使聽(tīng)力下降，下文“This is 30％ higher than just 20 years before, and experts are pinning it on headphones. (這一數(shù)字比20年前高出30%，專家將其歸咎于耳機(jī)。)”具體指出戴耳機(jī)耳朵受損的人數(shù)，空處應(yīng)該承上啟下，指出有一些人因戴耳機(jī)造成聽(tīng)力受損，C項(xiàng)“五分之一的青少年將有一些類型的聽(tīng)力損失。”符合。故選C項(xiàng)。
【17題詳解】
根據(jù)第二段前文“In fact, headphones are not a bad thing. They can bring peace, allow for better musical enjoyment, and even protect your ears from higher decibels(分貝). (事實(shí)上，耳機(jī)并不是一件壞事。 它們可以帶來(lái)平靜，讓你更好地享受音樂(lè)，甚至保護(hù)你的耳朵免受更高分貝的傷害。)”以及第三段第一二句“How long should you wear your headphones every day? The answer is, according to the World Health Organization, one hour per day. (你每天應(yīng)該戴多久耳機(jī)？ 根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的說(shuō)法，答案是每天一小時(shí)。)”可知，空前指出了使用耳機(jī)的好處，但是空后第三段介紹了世界衛(wèi)生組織的兩個(gè)建議，即不要長(zhǎng)時(shí)間戴耳機(jī)和不要太大音量，所以此處承上啟下，指出造成問(wèn)題的是持續(xù)時(shí)間和音量，E項(xiàng)“然而，導(dǎo)致問(wèn)題的是持續(xù)時(shí)間和音量?！狈稀９蔬xE項(xiàng)。
【18題詳解】
根據(jù)前文“How long should you wear your headphones every day? The answer is, according to the World Health Organization, one hour per day. (你每天應(yīng)該戴多久耳機(jī)？根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的說(shuō)法，答案是每天一小時(shí)。)”以及后文“But the fact is that the longer you listen, you’re going to lose your hearing sooner. (但事實(shí)是，你聽(tīng)的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，你失去聽(tīng)力的時(shí)間就越早。 )”可知，此處是承接上文，且和下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，A項(xiàng)“你可能覺(jué)得這不合理。”符合，選項(xiàng)中的“This”指代前文的“one hour per day”。故選A項(xiàng)。
【19題詳解】
根據(jù)前文的“To test things out, you should take them off your ears and extend them in your hands out in front of you. (要測(cè)試這些東西，你應(yīng)該把它們從耳朵上拿下來(lái)，把它們放到你面前)”可知，此處介紹了設(shè)置耳機(jī)最安全音量的方法，空處應(yīng)該承接上文，繼續(xù)對(duì)此進(jìn)行描述，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“如果你還能清楚地聽(tīng)到你的音樂(lè)，你需要把它們關(guān)掉?！狈?，故選F項(xiàng)。
【20題詳解】
根據(jù)后文的“At others this loss will build up over time. (在其他時(shí)候，這種損失會(huì)隨著時(shí)間累積。)”可知，“at others”對(duì)應(yīng)B項(xiàng)中的“at times”，此處是說(shuō)有時(shí)，聽(tīng)力損失并不是永久性的。在其他時(shí)候，這種損失會(huì)隨著時(shí)間而累積，B項(xiàng)“有時(shí)候，聽(tīng)力損失并不是永久性的。”符合。故選B項(xiàng)。
第三部分 語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共五節(jié)，滿分55分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文，從各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
When I was a graduate student, I felt too busy to exercise. I promised myself I’d do it once I ____21____ school. I knew I would be busy as an assistant professor. ____22____, I believed in my will power.
When I started my first job at Williams College, I ____23____ did exercise regularly. It turned out that I was in a(n) ____24____ that offered excellent support for what I ____25____ to do.
Research shows that our ____26____ are influenced by whether our environment makes something easy or difficult. Even the smallest difference can have an outsized ____27____. In one study, researchers ____28____ items from the front to the back of a salad bar — a change of just 10 inches — and the ____29____ inconvenience made people eat less of these items.
My plan to exercise benefited from Williamstown’s long winter. People figured the best way through it was to get _____30_____ happily and enjoy it. I kept meeting people who were _____31_____ joggers. When I started, they were quick to offer social _____32_____. With so many runners in town, it was easy to find trails (小徑), including those _____33_____ for beginners.
Do _____34_____ your environment to make challenging tasks easier. If you want to socialize, befriend outgoing persons. Or _____35_____ your cell phone when you need to concentrate on study. The right surroundings are more powerful than willpower alone.
21. A. attended B. finished C. started D. furthered
22. A. However B. Thus C. Instead D. Meanwhile
23. A. unwillingly B. virtually C. actually D. barely
24. A. occupation B. situation C. position D. environment
25. A. hoped B. insisted C. hesitated D. managed
26. A. experiences B. choices C. consequences D. emotions
27. A. advantage B. reward C. effect D. risk
28. A. examined B. concerned C. counted D. moved
29. A. obvious B. major C. unique D. slight
30. A. aboard B. outdoors C. home D. inside
31. A. enthusiastic B. sensitive C. independent D. ambitious
32. A. resources B. activities C. support D. service
33. A. instructive B. strange C. tough D. fit
34. A. change B. protect C. ignore D. accept
35. A. answer B. silence C. keep D. ring
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。作者結(jié)合自己鍛煉的經(jīng)歷告訴我們環(huán)境會(huì)讓我們的選擇變得容易或困難。
21題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我向自己保證，一完成學(xué)業(yè)我就參加鍛煉。A. attended參加；B. finished完成；C. started開始；D. furthered促進(jìn)。根據(jù)上文“When I was a graduate student, I felt too busy to exercise.”可知，作者在研究生期間太忙無(wú)暇鍛煉，結(jié)合句中“I’d do it once I ____1____ school.”可推知，作者保證完成學(xué)業(yè)后就參加鍛煉。故選B。
【22題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我相信自己的毅力。A. However然而；B. Thus因此；C. Instead相反；D. Meanwhile同時(shí)。根據(jù)上文“I knew I would be busy as an assistant professor.”可知，作者知道作為助理教授，自己仍然會(huì)很忙，但下文“I believed in my will power.”說(shuō)相信自己的毅力，上下文之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A。
【23題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我在威廉姆斯學(xué)院開始我的第一份工作時(shí)，事實(shí)上我定期鍛煉。A. unwillingly不情愿地；B. virtually虛擬地；C. actually的確，事實(shí)上；D. barely幾乎不，僅僅。根據(jù)上文“I promised myself I’d do it once I ____1____ school.”可知，作者之前就保證完成學(xué)業(yè)后會(huì)參加鍛煉，結(jié)合句中“exercise regularly”可知，作者在參加工作后，確實(shí)開始了定期鍛煉，actually“的確，真實(shí)地”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。
【24題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)證明，我所處的環(huán)境為我所希望做的事情提供了極好的支持。A. occupation占據(jù)，工作；B. situation狀況；C. position位置，職位；D. environment環(huán)境。根據(jù)下文“Research shows that our ____6____ are influenced by whether our environment makes something easy or difficult.”和“Do ____14____ your environment to make challenging tasks easier.”可知，所處的環(huán)境會(huì)給我們帶來(lái)一定的影響；environment是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選D。
【25題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A. hoped希望；B. insisted堅(jiān)持；C. hesitated遲疑；D. managed設(shè)法，管理。根據(jù)上文“I promised myself I’d do it once I ____1____ school.”可知，此處是指作者希望做的事情。故選A。
【26題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：研究表明，我們的選擇受到環(huán)境使事情變得容易還是困難的影響。A. experiences經(jīng)歷；B. choices選擇；C. consequences后果，結(jié)果；D. emotions感情，情緒。結(jié)合上文提到作者上學(xué)時(shí)因?yàn)槊苌馘憻捄蛷氖碌谝环莨ぷ骱蠼?jīng)常鍛煉可推知，作者認(rèn)為人們的選擇受到環(huán)境的影響。故選B。
【27題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：即使是最小的差異也會(huì)產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。A. advantage優(yōu)勢(shì)；B. reward回報(bào)；C. effect影響，效果；D. risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)“the smallest difference”和下文“稍微移動(dòng)沙拉柜臺(tái)上食物的研究”可推知，此處是指小的差異有時(shí)甚至?xí)a(chǎn)生巨大的影響。故選C。
【28題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在一項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員將沙拉柜臺(tái)上的食物從前面移到后面——僅僅改變了10英寸——這一點(diǎn)小小的不便讓人們少吃了這些食物。A. examined檢查；B. concerned擔(dān)心，與……有關(guān)；C. counted數(shù)，重要；D. moved搬動(dòng)，移動(dòng)。根據(jù)“from the front to the back of a salad bar”可知，研究人員移動(dòng)了沙拉柜臺(tái)上的食物。故選D。
【29題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A. obvious明顯的；B. major主要的；C. unique獨(dú)特的；D. slight稍微的，細(xì)微的。根據(jù)“a change of just 10 inches”可知，食物只往后移動(dòng)了一點(diǎn)，因此只造成了稍微的不便。故選D。
【30題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：人們認(rèn)為度過(guò)這個(gè)季節(jié)的最好辦法就是開心地到戶外去享受它。A. aboard在船/飛機(jī)/車/火車上；B. outdoors在戶外；C. home在家；D. inside在里面。根據(jù)下文“With so many runners in town, it was easy to find trails (小徑)”可知，人們認(rèn)為度過(guò)冬天的最好辦法就是去戶外。故選B。
【31題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我不斷地遇到熱心的慢跑者。A. enthusiastic熱心的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. independent獨(dú)立的；D. ambitious有抱負(fù)的。根據(jù)下文“they were quick to offer social ____12____.”推知，作者遇到的慢跑者都是熱情的。故選A。
【32題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我開始（慢跑）時(shí)，他們很快就提供了社會(huì)支持。 A. resources資源；B. activities活動(dòng)；C. support支持；D. service服務(wù)。根據(jù)下文“With so many runners in town, it was easy to find trails (小徑), including those____13____for beginners.”可推知，作者得到了熱心慢跑者的幫助，即社會(huì)支持。故選C。
【33題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：城里有這么多跑步者，很容易找到路線，包括那些對(duì)初跑者來(lái)說(shuō)很適合的路線。A. instructive有啟發(fā)性的；B. strange奇怪的，陌生的；C. tough艱難的，棘手的；D. fit適當(dāng)?shù)摹８鶕?jù)“it was easy to find trails”和“for beginners”推知，熱心慢跑者推薦了適合初跑者的路線。故選D。
【34題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：改變你的環(huán)境，讓挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)變得更容易。A. change改變；B. protect保護(hù)；C. ignore忽略；D. accept接受。根據(jù)下文“The right surroundings are more powerful than willpower alone.”并結(jié)合作者的經(jīng)歷推知，改變環(huán)境會(huì)讓具有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作變得容易。故選A。
【35題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：或者當(dāng)你需要集中精力學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，把手機(jī)調(diào)成靜音。A. answer回答；B. silence使……安靜；C. keep保持；D. ring響。根據(jù)“when you need to concentrate on study”可知，需要專注學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，就把手機(jī)調(diào)成靜音。故選B。
第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
As China’s gig economy (零工經(jīng)濟(jì)) continues to grow, the central government is seeking better regulations ____36____ (serve) the rights of workers, develop new skills and startups and ensure healthy and balanced development in the job market. Gig workers, often referred to ____37____ independent contractors (承包者) or temporary workers, are those such as delivery drivers and online sales hosts ____38____ often enter into contracts with on-demand companies to provide services to their clients.
The guideline ____39____ (release) early on Thursday by five central departments to solve practical problems that are being faced today and are on the horizon among employees and employers in the gig economy.
In the past few years, with the rise of technology and the impact of the pandemic, the gig economy ____40____ (provide) opportunities to many people across a number of sectors, according to Pang Shi, director of one department. She said the gig economy provides an important way for people to improve their incomes, and ____41____ for seniors, the disabled or those with other difficulties, gig work provides less pressure than full-time employment.
Gig workers often have higher work ____42____ (efficient) because of new technology, ____43____ (break) the previous working limits of time and space. “The gig economy is showing growing importance to the stability of the job market, ____44____ (particular) facing current economic downturns,” Wei Xiang, ____45____ professor from the University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, added.
【答案】36. to serve
37. as 38. who
39. was released
40. has provided
41. that 42. efficiency
43. breaking
44. particularly
45. a
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。隨著中國(guó)零工經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，中央政府正在尋求更好的監(jiān)管，以保障工人的權(quán)利，發(fā)展新技能和創(chuàng)業(yè)，并確保就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的健康平衡發(fā)展。
【36題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：隨著中國(guó)零工經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，中央政府正在尋求更好的監(jiān)管，以保障工人的權(quán)利，發(fā)展新技能和創(chuàng)業(yè)，并確保就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的健康平衡發(fā)展。根據(jù)“seeking better regulations”和“the rights of workers, develop new skills and startups and ensure healthy and balanced development in the job market”可知，此處是指尋求更好的監(jiān)管的目的是保障工人的權(quán)利、發(fā)展新技能和創(chuàng)業(yè)并確保就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的健康平衡發(fā)展，所以應(yīng)用to do不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填to serve。
【37題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：零工通常被稱為獨(dú)立承包商或臨時(shí)工，是指例如送貨司機(jī)和在線銷售主持人這些人，他們通常與按需公司簽訂合同，為客戶提供服務(wù)。refer to...as...意為“把……稱為……”，為固定搭配，所以此處應(yīng)用介詞as表示“作為”。故填as。
【38題詳解】
考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：零工通常被稱為獨(dú)立承包商或臨時(shí)工，是指例如送貨司機(jī)和在線銷售主持人這些人，他們通常與按需公司簽訂合同，為客戶提供服務(wù)。在定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，且先行詞those是指人，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who。故填who。
【39題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：該指導(dǎo)方針于周四早些時(shí)候由五個(gè)中央部門發(fā)布，以解決當(dāng)前面臨的實(shí)際問(wèn)題，這些問(wèn)題在零工經(jīng)濟(jì)中的雇員和雇主之間即將出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)“early on Thursday”可知，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。動(dòng)詞release意為“發(fā)布”，和主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。主語(yǔ)guideline為第三人稱單數(shù)。故填was released。
【40題詳解】
考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：一個(gè)部門的負(fù)責(zé)人龐石表示，過(guò)去幾年，隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展和疫情的影響，零工經(jīng)濟(jì)為許多行業(yè)的許多人提供了機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)“In the past few years”可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。主語(yǔ)economy為第三人稱單數(shù)。故填has provided。
【41題詳解】
考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：她說(shuō)，零工經(jīng)濟(jì)為人們提高收入提供了一個(gè)重要途徑，并且對(duì)于老年人、殘疾人或有其他困難的人來(lái)說(shuō)，零工工作比全職工作壓力更小。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，與上文省略了引導(dǎo)詞that賓語(yǔ)從句“the gig economy provides an important way for people to improve their incomes”一起作并列賓語(yǔ)，從句句意完整，成分齊全，用從屬連詞that，and連接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞不能省略。故填that。
42題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：由于新技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)，零工工人往往有更高的工作效率，打破了以往工作時(shí)間和空間的限制。在動(dòng)詞have后應(yīng)用名詞efficiency表示“效率”作賓語(yǔ)。故填efficiency。
【43題詳解】
考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：由于新技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)，零工工人往往有更高的工作效率，打破了以往工作時(shí)間和空間的限制。動(dòng)詞break意為“打破”，和謂語(yǔ)之間沒(méi)有連詞，和主句構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示意料之中的結(jié)果，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。故填breaking。
【44題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：“零工經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)穩(wěn)定就業(yè)市場(chǎng)越來(lái)越重要，尤其是在當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷的情況下?！敝袊?guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院大學(xué)教授魏翔補(bǔ)充道。修飾動(dòng)詞facing應(yīng)用副詞particularly表示“尤其”作狀語(yǔ)。故填particularly。
【45題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意：“零工經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)穩(wěn)定就業(yè)市場(chǎng)越來(lái)越重要，尤其是在當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷的情況下?！敝袊?guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院大學(xué)教授魏翔補(bǔ)充道。professor意為“教授”，為可數(shù)名詞，在此處第一次出現(xiàn)，所以應(yīng)用不定冠詞表示泛指，首字母的發(fā)音為輔音音素。故填a。
第三節(jié) 單詞拼寫(共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分)
根據(jù)首字母或中文提示寫出句中所缺單詞，注意使用正確形式。
46. He was so proud as to take his friends’ advice ________ (配不上) his notice, which caused a big damage to his company. （根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫）
【答案】beneath
【解析】
【詳解】考查介詞。句意：他很驕傲，無(wú)視朋友的建議，這給他的公司造成了很大的損失。take … beneath one’s notice?表示“對(duì)……不屑一顧”。故填beneath。
47. The invention, which had been patented by the university, would have a wide range of a________ in industry. (根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)
【答案】applications##pplications
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：這項(xiàng)發(fā)明已獲得該大學(xué)的專利，將在工業(yè)上有廣泛的應(yīng)用。由“The invention, which had been patented by the university”可知，句子表示“這項(xiàng)發(fā)明已獲得該大學(xué)的專利，將在工業(yè)上有廣泛的應(yīng)用”，空格處意為“應(yīng)用”，空前有a wide range of，空格處用復(fù)數(shù)，故填applications。
48. I am not satisfied with your explanation and intend to take the matter ________ (進(jìn)一步). (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫)
【答案】further
【解析】
【詳解】考查副詞。句意： 我對(duì)你的解釋不滿意,打算進(jìn)一步探討這個(gè)問(wèn)題?！斑M(jìn)一步”是further，副詞作狀語(yǔ)，修飾take，故填further。
49. The government has employed a double ________ (策略) to achieve these two objectives. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫)
【答案】strategy
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：政府采用了雙重策略來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這兩個(gè)目標(biāo)?！安呗浴笔莝trategy，空前有a，空格處用單數(shù)，故填strategy。
50. The moment the whistle s________ the end of the match, an enthusiastic applause broke out in the stadium. (根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)
【答案】signaled##ignaled
【解析】
【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：比賽結(jié)束的哨聲一響，體育場(chǎng)里爆發(fā)出熱烈的掌聲。由“the whistle”和“the end of the match”可知，句子表示“比賽結(jié)束的哨聲一響，體育場(chǎng)里爆發(fā)出熱烈的掌聲”，空格處意為“表示”，由首字母提示s可知，是signal，由broke是過(guò)去式可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，空格處用過(guò)去式，故填signaled。
51. It’s calculated that the number of people employed in ________ (農(nóng)業(yè)) has fallen in the last decade. （根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫）
【答案】agriculture
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，在過(guò)去十年中，從事農(nóng)業(yè)工作的人數(shù)有所下降。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示“農(nóng)業(yè)”以及此空是介詞in后賓語(yǔ)，可知此空用不可數(shù)名詞agriculture，故填agriculture。
52. As we all know that those anticancer drugs are effective, but also d________ to white blood cells. (根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)
【答案】destructive##estructive
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：眾所周知，那些抗癌藥物是有效的，但也會(huì)破壞白細(xì)胞。but表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此句子表示“那些抗癌藥物是有效的，但也會(huì)破壞白細(xì)胞”，空格處意為“破壞性的”，用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，由首字母提示d可知，應(yīng)用形容詞destructive。故填destructive。
53. Feeling stressful, you can eat some chocolate for comfort to r________ your anxieties. （根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫）
【答案】relieve##elieve
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：如果你感到有壓力，你可以吃一些巧克力來(lái)緩解你焦慮。本句有謂語(yǔ)can eat，使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合句意和to可知，用不定式表目的。relieve one’s anxieties表示“減輕焦慮”。故填relieve或elieve。
54. We were delayed at the airport; o________ we would have been here by lunchtime.
【答案】otherwise
【解析】
【詳解】考查副詞。句意：我們?cè)跈C(jī)場(chǎng)被延誤了，否則我們午飯前就到這兒了。這是一個(gè)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子，“否則”可翻譯為otherwise，故填otherwise。
55. New piles of evidence, as expected, has ________ (證實(shí)) the first witness’s story. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫)
【答案】confirmed##onfirmed
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：不出所料，成堆的新證據(jù)證實(shí)了第一位證人的證詞。根據(jù)句意及漢語(yǔ)提示可知，此處使用動(dòng)詞confirm，由has可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，空格處用過(guò)去分詞。故填confirmed。
第四節(jié) 單句語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分)
在下列句子的空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞或括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式。
56. Nobody but Betty and Marry ________ (be) late for class yesterday, which surprised all of us. （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
【答案】was
【解析】
【詳解】考查主謂一致。句意：除了貝蒂和瑪麗，昨天上課沒(méi)人遲到，這使我們大家都很吃驚。nobody but用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合后文surprised可知為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填was。
57. Goldshore Beach was the only local beach ________ (survive) the disaster without any loss of life. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】to survive
【解析】
【詳解】考查不定式。句意：Goldshore海灘是當(dāng)?shù)匚ㄒ灰粋€(gè)在這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難中沒(méi)有任何人員傷亡的海灘。local beach前有the only修飾，空格處用不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，故填to survive。
58. We ________ (turn) off the radio and get into our sleeping bags when strong winds suddenly began to blow. （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
【答案】were about to turn
【解析】
【詳解】考查固定句型和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我們正要關(guān)掉收音機(jī)，鉆進(jìn)睡袋，突然刮起了大風(fēng)。根據(jù)句中“when”可知，空格處應(yīng)填入be about to do表示“即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”。be about to do sth. when (suddenly)...是固定句型，意為“正要做某事這時(shí)突然……”。根據(jù)句意判斷，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。故填were about to turn。
59. The performance had been intended to please the audience and draw their attention，only ________ ( greet ) with a cold silence, however．（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
【答案】to be greeted
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這場(chǎng)演出原本是為了取悅觀眾，吸引觀眾的注意力，然而結(jié)果是觀眾卻沉默不語(yǔ)。only+to do表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，表演和迎接是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填to be greeted。
60. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ________ (they quarrel) with each other. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】have they quarrelled##have they quarreled
【解析】
【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)，主謂一致和倒裝。句意：這對(duì)老夫婦結(jié)婚40年了，從來(lái)沒(méi)有吵過(guò)一次架。由“have been married”可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，即have they quarrelled/quarreled，never是否定副詞，位于句首，引起句子部分倒裝，即將have提前到主語(yǔ)they的前面。故填have they quarrelled/quarreled。
61. Grandma Wang ________ (sit) for hours doing nothing when she was in her nineties. （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
【答案】would sit
【解析】
【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：王奶奶九十多歲的時(shí)候，常常一坐就是幾個(gè)小時(shí)，什么也不做。主句缺謂語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意，表示“過(guò)去經(jīng)常做某事”使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞would+動(dòng)詞原形。故填would sit。
62. When ________ (cross) the road, the children are required to stop to look around and walk hand in hand. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】crossing
【解析】
【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)，主謂一致和省略。句意：過(guò)馬路時(shí)，孩子們被要求停下來(lái)環(huán)顧四周，手牽著手走。根據(jù)句意，when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示“當(dāng)孩子們?cè)谶^(guò)馬路時(shí)”，由are可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，是when the children are crossing the road，主句主語(yǔ)和從句主語(yǔ)一致，且從句中有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可省略從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，因此空格處是crossing。故填crossing。
63. ________ (judge) from what he said, we were sure that he didn’t know what had happened yesterday evening. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】Judging
【解析】
【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。根據(jù)他所說(shuō)的，我們可以肯定他不知道昨天晚上發(fā)生了什么事。judging from/by是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“根據(jù)……判斷，由……推測(cè)”，用作獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，不用考慮邏輯關(guān)系的一致性，用法與generally speaking類似；句首單詞首字母大寫。故填Judging。
64. One of our rules is that every student ________ (wear) school uniform while at school. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】shall wear
【解析】
【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：我們的規(guī)定之一是每個(gè)學(xué)生在學(xué)校的時(shí)候必須穿校服。根據(jù)句意可知，此處是學(xué)校的規(guī)定，包含命令的語(yǔ)氣。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall用于陳述句的第二人稱或第三人稱時(shí)，表達(dá)說(shuō)話者的命令、警告或允諾。故填shall。
65. Mr. Lee couldn’t know the incident happening in the company, because he ________ (treat) for a sprain (扭傷) in the hospital. （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
【答案】was being treated
【解析】
【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：李先生不可能知道發(fā)生在公司的事故，因?yàn)樗?dāng)時(shí)正在醫(yī)院接受扭傷治療。主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填was being treated。
第五節(jié) 短語(yǔ)填空(共10小題;每小題0.5分，滿分5分)
從所給短語(yǔ)中(一個(gè)多余)選擇并用其正確形式完成句子。
in turn occur to break out far and wide break down call for
spring to mind get rid of give rise to at large safe and sound

66. When I decided to quit my full time employment, it never ________ me that I might become a part of a new international trend.
67. With the development of the economy, the country ________ is hoping for further political and economic reforms.
68. People are influenced by their environment and, ________, influence their environment.
69. Internet access has proven so popular that it has ________ a new kind of social epidemic, Internet addiction.
70. I have to get to Manchester today and my own car has ________, which makes me worried.
71. Everyone was brought up to know that we should ________ the bad style and keep the good.
72. The plane landed at the airport ________ in spite of the frightening storm.
73. Fighting has ________ on the border and is expected to continue until a settlement is reached.
74. Kindness and honesty are words that ________ when talking of that man.
75. The present economic situation ________ rapid action by the government.
【答案】66. occurred to
67. far and wide

68. in turn
69. given rise to
70. broken out
71. get rid of
72. safe and sound
73. broken out
74. spring to mind
75. calls for
【解析】
【分析】從所給短語(yǔ)中(一個(gè)多余)選擇并用其正確形式完成句子。
【66題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)我決定辭掉我的全職工作時(shí)，我從未想過(guò)我可能會(huì)成為國(guó)際新趨勢(shì)的一部分。分析句子可知，空格處是主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合句意和選項(xiàng)可知，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)occur to構(gòu)成固定句型it occur to sb. that...，意為“某人突然想到……”；結(jié)合從句時(shí)態(tài)，講述過(guò)去的事情，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。故填occurred to。
【67題詳解】
考查副詞短語(yǔ)。句意：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，全國(guó)各地都希望進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)改革。結(jié)合句意和選項(xiàng)，表示“到處”，用副詞短語(yǔ)far and wide作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。故填far and wide。
【68題詳解】
考查介詞短語(yǔ)。句意：人受到環(huán)境的影響，反過(guò)來(lái)又影響環(huán)境。結(jié)合句意和選項(xiàng)，表示“反過(guò)來(lái)”，用介詞短語(yǔ)in turn作狀語(yǔ)。故填in turn。
【69題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：事實(shí)證明，上網(wǎng)如此受歡迎，以至于導(dǎo)致了一種新的社會(huì)流行病——網(wǎng)癮。分析句子可知，空格處是從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合句意，表示“導(dǎo)致，引起”，用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)give rise to，結(jié)合助動(dòng)詞has可知，應(yīng)使用過(guò)去分詞形式構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。故填given rise to。
【70題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我今天要去曼徹斯特，我自己的車壞了，這讓我很擔(dān)心。分析句子可知，空格處是分句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合句意，表示“出故障，壞掉”，用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)break out，結(jié)合助動(dòng)詞has可知，應(yīng)使用過(guò)去分詞形式構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。故填broken down。
【71題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：每個(gè)人從小到大都知道，我們應(yīng)該擺脫壞的作風(fēng)，保留好的。分析句子可知，空格處是從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合句意，表示“擺脫”，用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)get rid of，在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should后用動(dòng)詞原形。故填get rid of。
【72題詳解】
考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：盡管有可怕的暴風(fēng)雨，飛機(jī)還是安然無(wú)恙地降落在機(jī)場(chǎng)。結(jié)合句意和選項(xiàng)，表示“安然無(wú)恙”，用形容詞短語(yǔ)safe and sound作狀語(yǔ)。故填safe and sound。
【73題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：邊界上爆發(fā)了戰(zhàn)斗，預(yù)計(jì)戰(zhàn)斗將持續(xù)到達(dá)成解決方案為止。分析句子可知，空格處是分句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合句意，表示“爆發(fā)”，用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)break out，結(jié)合助動(dòng)詞has可知，應(yīng)使用過(guò)去分詞形式構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。故填broken out。
【74題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：談到那個(gè)人，我的腦海中就會(huì)浮現(xiàn)出善良和誠(chéng)實(shí)的字眼。分析句子可知，空格處是從句謂語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意，表示“浮現(xiàn)在腦海，想到”，用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)spring to mind；結(jié)合主句時(shí)態(tài)，描述現(xiàn)在的事情，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，又因關(guān)系代詞that指代先行詞words，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填spring to mind。
【75題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：目前的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)要求政府迅速采取行動(dòng)。分析句子可知，空格處是句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合句意和選項(xiàng)，表示“要求，需要”，用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)call for，描述現(xiàn)在的情況，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，又因主語(yǔ)situation是單數(shù)名詞，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式。故填calls for。
第四部分 應(yīng)用文寫作(滿分15分)
76. 隨著智能手機(jī)的普及，校園里攜帶手機(jī)的同學(xué)也越來(lái)越多，由此產(chǎn)生了很多不良影響。假定你是學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華，請(qǐng)代表學(xué)生會(huì)寫一份英文倡議書，呼吁同學(xué)們專心學(xué)習(xí)，不要將手機(jī)帶進(jìn)校園。
注意：1 詞數(shù)80左右；
2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
Dear fellow students,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Students’ Union
【答案】Dear fellow students,
More and more students come to school with smartphones, which make them unable to concentrate on study. I advocate all not to carry smartphones to school on behalf of the Students’ Union of our school.
Some students get so addicted to smartphones that their academic performance can be seriously affected. Besides, the smartphone will occupy the spare time with friends, resulting in less emotional exchange with them.
Only a complete ban on students bringing the smartphone to school can stop the harm that it may bring to us students. Together, let’s say No to smartphones at school.
Students’ Union

【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文，要求考生代表學(xué)生會(huì)寫一份英文倡議書，呼吁同學(xué)們專心學(xué)習(xí)，不要將手機(jī)帶進(jìn)校園。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
影響：affect→impact
另外：besides→moreover
占據(jù)：occupy→take up
導(dǎo)致：result in→lead to
2.句式拓展
陳述句變倒裝句
原句：Some students get so addicted to smartphones that their academic performance can be seriously affected.
拓展句：So addicted do some students get to smartphones that their academic performance can be seriously affected.
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1] Some students get so addicted to smartphones that their academic performance can be seriously affected. (運(yùn)用了so...that...引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)
[高分句型2] Only a complete ban on students bringing the smartphone to school can stop the harm that it may bring to us students. (運(yùn)用了部分倒裝句和that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句)

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