
第二張圖更加詳細(xì),請(qǐng)各位老師根據(jù)需要酌情選擇。
I.非謂語充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?br>
II. 重難點(diǎn)
一、名詞屬性
不定式和動(dòng)名詞做主語
1)不定式表示具體一次的或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作;動(dòng)名詞表示一貫的行為習(xí)慣。
Smking is harmful t peple's health.
It isn't gd fr yu t smke s much.
2)it作形式主語
一般動(dòng)詞不定式習(xí)慣用it作形式主語,動(dòng)名詞直接放在句首,一些特殊句式除外,此特殊句有: It's n use ding smething./It's n gd ding smething. / lt's a waste f time ding
smething.
It is kind f yu t help me.
It is n use sending him here nw. It's t late already.
不定式,動(dòng)名詞和分詞作表語
表語為名詞性時(shí),用不定式和動(dòng)名詞。不定式表示將來的動(dòng)作;動(dòng)名詞表示一貫
的行為習(xí)慣。
Reading is learning, but applying is als learning.(一般習(xí)慣)
Our task nw is t increase fd prductin.(表將來)
2) 表語為形容詞性時(shí),用分詞。
What yu've tld me is very surprising.
The dr remained lcked.
不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語
1)不定式表示將來的動(dòng)作;動(dòng)名詞表示一貫的行為習(xí)慣。
2)不定式作賓語,當(dāng)有賓補(bǔ)時(shí)要用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語放在句尾;動(dòng)名詞
作賓語,當(dāng)有賓補(bǔ)時(shí),一般在原位。
They fund it impssible fr thse teenagers t get everything ready in time.
I dn't think it necessary t g n with the experiment.
Sme peple think jgging t bring t keep.
不定式和動(dòng)名詞作同位語
不定式表示將來的動(dòng)作;動(dòng)名詞表示一貫的行為習(xí)慣。
His dream, t explre mre in his field, mtivates him all the time.
His hbby, travelling and reading, enriches his life t the fullest.
二、形容詞屬性
不定式和分詞作賓補(bǔ)
不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),表示賓語的動(dòng)作未做;分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示賓語正在進(jìn)行,或已經(jīng)做完或一貫的動(dòng)作,也可表示一種狀態(tài)。
He rdered the wrk t be started at nce.
She felt her heart beating very fast.
I saw them seated at the back f the classrm.
When I deliver a speech, yu must make yurself heard.
不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞作定語
不定式作后置定語,表示所修飾的名詞將來的動(dòng)作。但在the nly; 序數(shù)詞the first, the secnd; 順序詞the last, the next; 形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞后的主動(dòng)式用不定式作定語,不分時(shí)間先后。
I want t get smething t read during the vacatin.
He is always the first t cme and the last t leave.
分詞單個(gè)詞作定語,放在所修飾的名詞之前,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞;分詞短語作后置定語,相當(dāng)于定語從句。
a develping cuntry a develped cuntry
Yu may ask the lady sitting at the table.
He is a leader lved by the peple.
動(dòng)名詞作定語,表示所修飾名詞的用途,與所修飾的名詞之間沒有邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
a waiting rm a sleeping car
三、副詞屬性
不定式和分詞作狀語
1)不定式作目的狀語,偶爾作結(jié)果(常是意想不到的結(jié)果)或原因等狀語,其邏輯主語是句 子的主語。
She wrked hard t supprt her family.(目的)
He rushed t the railway statin, nly t be tld that the train had left.(結(jié)果)
分詞作時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨等狀語。
When reading the newspaper, yu shuld never lk up every new wrd in the dictinary.(時(shí)間)
Given mre time, he culd have finished the exercises. (條件)
Having been t Beijing three times, I wn't g with yu there.(原因)
He waited at the bus stp, watching at his watch anxiusly. (伴隨)
A fire brke ut in the building at abut 7:30, resulting in the death f a yung girl.(結(jié)果)
四、動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題
1.不定式作表語與“be+t d sth.”的異同
不定式作表語說明主語的內(nèi)容或性質(zhì):
His jb is t guard.(說明內(nèi)容)
be+t d sth.(表示按計(jì)劃要做的事)
2.帶不定式作賓語的詞語
(1)下列詞語常帶不定式作賓語:
affrd, prmise, refuse, expect, hpe, learn, ffer, wish, want, fail, plan, agree, frget, like, prefer, decide, manage, try, arrange, determine, desire等;
(2)下列動(dòng)詞后可接疑問詞+不定式:
teach, decide, wnder, shw, learn, frget, ask, find, ut, advise, discuss等。
3.如何理解和使用不定式作賓補(bǔ)
(1)動(dòng)詞see, watch, ntice, hear, listen, bserve,
feel, taste, smell, make, let, have等的賓補(bǔ)用動(dòng)詞原形,
變被動(dòng)時(shí)要加t,此時(shí)的不定式就是主語補(bǔ)足語;
(2)常用帶不定式作賓補(bǔ)的幾種情況:
主語+ask/require/tell/rder/frce/get/want/like+sb. t d sth.
(3)主語+think/judge/suppse/believe/cnsider/imagine/cnsider/feel+sb.+t be/t have dne;
(4)主語+call n/upn/depend n/wait fr/ask fr+sb.+t d sth.
4.不定式作定語的特殊用法
(1)下列詞語后常接不定式作定語:
chance, wish, right, curage, need, prmise, time,
pprtunity, way, the first, the secnd, the last, the nly等;
(2)不定式作定語和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系;
There is n ne t lk after her.
(3)不定式與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
She is nw lking fr a rm t live in.
5.不定式作狀語的用法
不定式作狀語,修飾動(dòng)詞,在句中表示行為目的、結(jié)果、原因。
如:nly t d表示出人意料的結(jié)果。
We hurried t the classrm nly t find nne there.
in rder(nt)t,s as(nt)t用來引導(dǎo)目的狀語;
enugh, t, s… as t d, such+名詞… as t d作結(jié)果狀語,
如:The girl was s kind as t help the ld man ff the bus.
I’m nt such a fl as t believe that.
6.不定式的完成時(shí)的特殊用法
(1)表示不定式中謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作先于主句的謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)出的動(dòng)作;
The nvel was said t have been published.
I regret t have been with yu fr s many year.
Seem,appear,be said,be suppsed,be believed,be thught,be knwn,be reprted等動(dòng)詞常用于上面句型。
此外,glad,happy,satisfied,srry,surprised disappinted后也接完成時(shí),但要注意與一般時(shí)的區(qū)別。
I’m srry t keep yu waiting fr a minute.對(duì)不起,請(qǐng)稍等。(說話時(shí)還未等)
I’m srry t have kept yu waiting.對(duì)不起,讓你久等了。(說話時(shí)已等了很久)
(2)不定式的完成時(shí)還可表示“過去本想做某事但未做”的虛擬語氣。
① shuld like t/wuld like t/wuld lve t+不定式的完成時(shí);
②was/were t+不定式的完成時(shí),表示該做某事或想做但未實(shí)現(xiàn);
③expect/hpe/mean/prmise/suppse/think/want/ wish+不定式完成時(shí),表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。
7.不定式的省略
(1)同一結(jié)構(gòu)并列由and或r連接;
I want t finish my hmewrk and g hme.
I’m really puzzled what t think r say.
特例:
T be r nt t be, this is a questin.
He is better t laugh than t cry.(表示對(duì)比)
(2)不定式作表語,其前面的主語從句中含有d時(shí),后面的t省略;
What he did was lse the game.
(3)句中含有動(dòng)詞d時(shí),but, except, besides, such as等后面t可省略。即“前有d,后省t”;
Dn’t d anything silly, such as marry him.
(4)主句含有不定式,后面有rather than, rather than后省略t;
(5)Why nt had better wuld rather can’t but等詞后省略t。
He culd nt but walk hme.
8.不定式的替代
多用在同一句或聯(lián)系緊密的對(duì)話中,為了避免重復(fù),作賓語或主補(bǔ),賓補(bǔ)的不定式再次出現(xiàn)時(shí),t后的內(nèi)容常承前省略(只保留t即可)。
但如果承前省略的不定式有have或be的任何形式,后應(yīng)該保留原形have或be。如:
Susan is nt what she used t be.
Yu came late last night. Yu ught t have finished yur hmewrk.
I knw I ught t have.
常見的有:I’d like/lve/be happy t.
五、動(dòng)名詞應(yīng)該注意的幾個(gè)問題
1.動(dòng)名詞作賓語
(1)下列動(dòng)詞后只能接動(dòng)名詞:
suggest, finish, avid, stp, can’t help,
mind, enjy, require, practise, miss, escape,
pardn, advise, cnsider, imagine, keep,
appreciate, eacape, permit
(2)下列動(dòng)詞短語接動(dòng)名詞:
leave ff, put ff, give up, lk frward t, feel like,
have truble/difficulty(in) ding sth. devte t,
get used t, pay attentin t, be fnd f, be wrth
(3)介詞后要接動(dòng)名詞
what abut,hw abut,withut,be fnd f,be gd at等介詞后接動(dòng)名詞。
注意n/upn ding sth.=as sn as 引導(dǎo)的從中。
作此意講時(shí)n/upn后也可以接名詞。如n his arrival…
(4)動(dòng)名詞作賓語和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的區(qū)別:
begin, start, cntinue, like, lve, dislike, hate, prefer, can’t stand
六、分詞應(yīng)該注意的幾個(gè)問題
1. 現(xiàn)在分詞
(1)現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作時(shí)間、原因、伴隨、條件、結(jié)果等狀語
①時(shí)間狀語(分詞作狀語前面可加when, while等)
Hearing the gd news, he jumped with great jy.
Nt having finished her wrk in time, the bss fired her.
②原因狀語
Seeing nbdy at hme, he decided t leave them a nte.
③伴隨狀語
The girls came in, fllwing their parent.
④結(jié)果狀語
The pr ld man died, leaving nthing t his children.
【注】現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的幾個(gè)特性:
(1)時(shí)間性。與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生,用一般時(shí),
如發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前時(shí)則用完成式having dne。
(2)語態(tài)性。與句子的主語之間的關(guān)系,是主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
遵循的規(guī)則“主動(dòng)進(jìn)行,被動(dòng)完成”。
(3)人稱一致性。分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。
(2)分詞作表語
主語+be+動(dòng)詞-ed表示被動(dòng),主語是人;
主語+be+動(dòng)詞-ing表示主動(dòng),主語是物。
分詞作賓補(bǔ)不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別:
感官動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞原形→做了某事
主語+ +賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞→正在做某事
使役動(dòng)詞 過去分詞→做了或被做
2. 復(fù)習(xí)過去分詞應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題
過去分詞的基本用法:過去分詞只有一種形式,也沒有主動(dòng)語態(tài),它所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)被動(dòng)的或是已完成的動(dòng)作。
過去分詞在句中也可用作定語、表語、賓語或狀語等成分。
過去分詞在句中作某種成分時(shí),其邏輯主語一般為該分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者,如:
(1)作定語:過去分詞作定語時(shí),
如果這個(gè)分詞是一個(gè)單詞,
就位于其修飾的名詞之前,
如果是分詞短語,就位于其修飾的名詞之后。
被過去分詞所修飾的名詞,就是該分詞的邏輯主語,
如:The stlen car was fund by the plice last week.
(2)作表語:過去分詞作表語時(shí),
表示其邏輯主語所處的狀態(tài),
其邏輯主語就是句中的主語,
如:The glass is brken.這個(gè)玻璃杯是破的。
【注】過去分詞作表語時(shí),和動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似,但兩者表達(dá)的意義不同,
如:The glass was brken by my little brther.
這個(gè)玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。
作表語用的過去分詞在許多詞典中已列為形容詞,
如:crwded, devted, discuraged, dne, dressed, drunk,
experienced, frightened, gne, hurt, interested, killed,
knwn, learned, lst, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised,
tired, undressed, wrried, astnished, brken, cmpleted, cvered等。
(3)作賓語補(bǔ)足語:過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),句中的賓語就是其邏輯主語,
如:When I pened the dr, I fund the grund cvered by fallen leave.
【注】動(dòng)詞have后的復(fù)合賓語中,賓語補(bǔ)足語如為過去分詞,
常表示該分詞所表示的動(dòng)作是由別人來執(zhí)行的而不是句中主語自己來執(zhí)行的,
如:I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我(找別人)把我的自行車給修了。
(4)作狀語:過去分詞作狀語時(shí),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句,
該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語一般都是主句的主語,是過去分詞所表示意義的邏輯賓語。
為了使作狀語的過去分詞意義更加明確,
常在分詞前加when, if, while, thugh, as等連詞,
如:Seen frm the hill/When seen frm the hill,
ur twn lks beautiful.
Given mre time/If given mre time,
we culd have dne it better.(we是該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語,是give的邏輯賓語。)
3. 獨(dú)立主格
上述-ing和過去分詞的用法中,-ing和過去分詞在句中均有邏輯主語,但有時(shí)它們也能有自己的獨(dú)立的主語,這種獨(dú)立的主語,一般為名詞或代詞,位于其前之前,和-ing或過去分詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格。
獨(dú)立主格在句中一般只作狀語用,而-ing和過去分詞作用的形式,則要根據(jù)它們所表示的動(dòng)作和句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的時(shí)間關(guān)系而定。
至于獨(dú)立主格中是使用-ing還是過去分詞,則要根據(jù)它們的主語和其所表示的動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)被動(dòng)關(guān)系而定,如:The bell ringing, we all stpped talking.
【注】The wrk having been finished, she sat dwn t have a rest.
(1)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的being或having been??墒∪?,如:The meeting (being) ver, all left the rm.
(2)作伴隨狀語的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)??捎脀ith短語來代替,如:She read the letter, tears rlling dwn her cheek.(主語)/She read the letter with tears rlling dwn her cheek. (主語)
4. -ing形式與過去分詞的區(qū)別:
(1)語態(tài)不同:
-ing形式表示主動(dòng)概念,及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念。
an inspiring speech
鼓舞人心的演說;
the inspired audience
受鼓舞的聽眾。
(2)時(shí)間關(guān)系不同:
現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一般是正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作,
而過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作,往往是已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,
如:The changing wrld
正在發(fā)生的世界;
the changed wrld
已經(jīng)起了變化的世界。
一、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子
1.Many children f Chinese immigrants in Canada study English at schl and speak Chinese at hme, ________(lead) t fluency in bth languages.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
2.He is a student at Oxfrd University________(study) fr a degree in cmputer science.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
3.She has never seen such a cllective dedicatin frm a natin, ________ (turn) things fr the better by sacrificing persnal cnvenience.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
4.If yu study hard, yu are likely _______________ (admit) t yur dreaming university. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
5.I was back teaching after an absence f 15 years, ________ (deal) with the varius kinds f “frbidden fruit” that cme ut f bk bags.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
6.“The stry f this turtle family ________ (attempt) t get hme in the damaged and changing cean is a reality fr many cean creatures that are having their habitats destryed due t human activity,” says actress Olivia Clman, wh vices a character in the film.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
7.Meanwhile, recrd-high cal prices are making it unprfitable fr many pwer plants t perate, ________ (create) supply gaps in sme prvinces. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
8.It was wrth the cst, Alcaraz felt, because she culd tell the staff cared abut her daughter, ________ (greet) the 16-mnth-ld by name each mrning.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
9.The White Cane was intrduced by an American man called Gerge A.Bnham. One day, he watched a man wh was blind ________(attempt) t crss a street. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
10.“Wiki” is an Internet term________ (mean) “a website that can be edited by the public”. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
11.The art f Chinese traditinal flwer arrangement, riginally ________(serve) as fferings at temples and decratins in the palace, has survived ver the centuries. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
12.Desertificatin is a serius prblem ________(face) numerus cuntries in the wrld. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
13.China aims t have 50,000 schls specializing in yuth ftball by the end f 2025, said Wang Dengfeng, an fficial with the MOE, ________ (add) that t realize this gal, the ministry will take varius measures that include building schl ftball fields, training ftball caches and prviding extra funding and plicy supprt.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
14.If anyne had tld me three years ag that I wuld be spending mst f my weekends ________ (camp), I wuld have laughed heartily. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
15.The TV series ________(celebrate) this year’s 100th anniversary f the funding f the CPC has wn high praise nline. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
16.I admit I was t scared at that mment and the uncle ________(stand) beside me was giving me an awkward lk. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
17.________(weigh) nly 96 grams, the great all-rund electrnic dictinary is prtable and easy t use.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
18.The park is always full f peple, ________(enjy) themselves in the sunshine. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
19.Nt seeing r hearing any fire engines ________(apprach), Grant rushed t a side entrance and ran up the stairs. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
20.It is a histric amphitheater, the largest ever built. ________ (date) back t 70 C.E., it is ne f the best-preserved ruins frm the Rman Empire. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
21.________(grw) up in the regin and influenced by diverse ethnic cultures, she is cmmitted t telling Xinjiang stries thrugh her paper cutting while prtecting and prmting the traditinal flk art. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
22.The cst f a typical Saudi wedding is enugh t prevent the mst passinate lver. Even a simple party invlves renting an impressive ballrm. Then there are the cheerleaders and musicians. Men and wmen gather in separate halls, ________ (duble) sme f the prices. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
23.Rules f weiqi are extrardinarily simple. There are 180 identical (完全一樣的) white pieces and 181 identical black pieces ________(fight) against each ther n a bard 19×19 lines. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
24.This system includes six cameras t detect hles, rcks, r ther materials, ________ (infrm) the farmer when an issue needs t be addressed. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
25.In my everyday life, I am n an nging jurney t figure ut different ways ________(reduce) my carbn ftprint n the planet. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
26.Frtunately, nwadays it is much easier ________(make)ec-friendly lifestyle chices. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
27.________(remember)all the questins yu have when yu are nt in the dctr's ffice, write them dwn and bring the list with yu t yur appintment. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
28.There is n easy way________(get) success in language learning. A gd memry is f great help, but it is nt enugh nly t memrize rules frm a grammar bk. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
29.Anther Weib user wrte, “Thank yu fr giving me an pprtunity ________ (appreciate) the landscape in the cuntryside.” (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
30.In Zhejiang,160 energy-intensive factries have been rdered t stp prductin________ (meet) energy cnsumptin targets. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
參考答案:
1.leading
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:許多在加拿大的中國移民的孩子在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)英語,在家里說中文,因此兩種語言都很流利。lead t為固定短語,意為“造成,導(dǎo)致,致使”;分析句子可知,該句已有動(dòng)詞,設(shè)空出應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞,另因邏輯主語Many children f Chinese immigrants in Canada study English at schl and speak Chinese at hme與lead t互為主謂關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式,在句中作狀語。故填leading。
2.studying
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:他是牛津大學(xué)的一名攻讀計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)學(xué)位的學(xué)生。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此句已有謂語is,所以此空應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞,結(jié)合句意,可知此空是空前名詞a student的定語,a student與study之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,且表示“正在攻讀計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)學(xué)位”,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞,故選B。
3.turning
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:她從未見過一個(gè)國家有這樣的集體奉獻(xiàn)精神,通過犧牲個(gè)人的便利來讓事情變得更好。根據(jù)句子分析可知,此處做狀語,主語She與turn之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語。故填turning。
4.t be admitted t
【詳解】考查固定短語。句意:如果你努力學(xué)習(xí),你很可能被你夢(mèng)想的大學(xué)錄取。表示“被錄取”短語為be admitted t,且上文為短語be likely t d sth.。故填t be admitted t。
5.dealing
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:在缺席了15年之后,我又回到了教書的地方,處理從書包里掏出的各種各樣的“禁果”。此處deal和I之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞,作伴隨狀語。故填dealing。
6.a(chǎn)ttempting
【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意:女演員Olivia Clman在影片中為一個(gè)角色配音,她說:“對(duì)于許多因人類活動(dòng)而棲息地遭到破壞的海洋生物來說,海龜家族試圖在受損和不斷變化的海洋中回家的故事是一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)?!?本句已有系動(dòng)詞is且無連詞,動(dòng)詞attempt用非謂語形式,邏輯主語this turtle family與動(dòng)詞attempt是主謂關(guān)系,attempt用現(xiàn)在分詞(ding)表主動(dòng),作后置定語,修飾名詞this turtle family。故填attempting。
7.creating
【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意:與此同時(shí),創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的煤炭價(jià)格使得許多發(fā)電廠無法盈利,導(dǎo)致一些省份出現(xiàn)供應(yīng)缺口。分析可知,句中謂語是are making,空格處用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式,recrd-high cal prices和create之間是主謂關(guān)系,因此空格處用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng),故填creating。
8.greeting
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:阿爾卡拉茨覺得這是值得的,因?yàn)樗梢钥吹贸鰜砉ぷ魅藛T很關(guān)心她的女兒,每天早上工作人員都能叫出她16個(gè)月大的女兒的名字。根據(jù)句子分析可知,此處做狀語,邏輯主語the staff與非謂語動(dòng)詞greet之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填greeting。
9.a(chǎn)ttempting
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:一天,他看到一位盲人正在試圖過馬路。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,固定搭配watch sb. ding sth.,表示“看到某人正在做某事”的意思。故填attempting。
10.meaning
【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意:Wiki是一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)術(shù)語,意思是“公眾可以編輯的網(wǎng)站”。動(dòng)詞mean和邏輯主語term之間是主謂關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。故填meaning。
11.serving
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:中國傳統(tǒng)的插花藝術(shù),最初是作為寺廟的供品和宮殿的裝飾,已經(jīng)存在了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知serve在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式,與邏輯主語The art f Chinese traditinal flwer arrangement構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。故填serving。
12.facing
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:荒漠化是世界上許多國家面臨的嚴(yán)重問題。分析句子可知,句中有系動(dòng)詞is且句中無連詞,故空格處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞;prblem和face為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞facing表主動(dòng)。故填facing。
13.a(chǎn)dding
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:教育部的官員王登峰說,到2050年,中國打算開辦50000所青年足球特色學(xué)校,并補(bǔ)充說,為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo),教育部將采取多種措施,其中包括建造校內(nèi)足球場、足球訓(xùn)練教練以及提供額外的資金和政策扶持。句中said是謂語動(dòng)詞,且無連詞所以此處需填非謂語動(dòng)詞。因?yàn)橹髡ZWang Dengfeng與add是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)作狀語。故填adding。
14.camping
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:如果三年前有人告訴我,我大部分周末都要去野營,我一定會(huì)開懷大笑。分析句子成分可知,從句中謂語動(dòng)詞為前文wuld be spending,故空處需要填非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式。固定短語spend time (in) ding意為“花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事”符合文意,且此處為現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。故填camping。
15.celebrating
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:這部慶祝中國共產(chǎn)黨成立100周年的電視劇在網(wǎng)上獲得了很高的評(píng)價(jià)。設(shè)空處在句中作定語,需用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式,和句子的邏輯主語TV series 之間是邏輯的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填celebrating。
16.standing
【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意:我承認(rèn)我當(dāng)時(shí)太害怕了,站在我旁邊的叔叔給我一個(gè)尷尬的表情。本句已有謂語,空處用非謂語,uncle與stand之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語;故填standing。
17.Weighing
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:這本大而全面的電子詞典僅重96克,便于攜帶和使用。分析句子可知,謂語為后文is,故空處應(yīng)用非謂語形式;動(dòng)詞weigh和邏輯主語the great all-rund electrnic dictinary之間是主謂關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞weighing表主動(dòng),位于句首需要大寫“W”。故填Weighing。
18.enjying
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:公園里總是擠滿了人,享受著陽光。本句已有謂語,空處用非謂語;peple與enjy之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,且表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語;故填enjying。
19.a(chǎn)ppraching
【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意:沒有看到或聽到任何消防車接近,Grant沖到一個(gè)側(cè)門跑上樓梯。分析句子可知,本處是感官動(dòng)詞+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu),現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,表主動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作;根據(jù)英文提示,故填appraching。
20.Dating
【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意:這是一個(gè)具有歷史意義的最大的圓形劇場。它可以追溯到公元70年,是羅馬帝國保存最完好的遺跡之一。分析句子可知,謂語動(dòng)詞為后文is,故空處需要填非謂語動(dòng)詞;it與date在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞dating,置于句首,首字母“D”大寫。故填Dating。
21.Grwing
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:她在新疆長大,受到多民族文化的影響,在保護(hù)和推廣傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)的同時(shí),致力于用剪紙講述新疆的故事。本句已有謂語,空處用非謂語;邏輯主語she與grw up 之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞形式構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語;句首單詞首字母要大寫;故填Grwing。
22.dubling
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:男人和女人分別聚集在不同的大廳里,使得費(fèi)用加倍。分析句子可知,此處應(yīng)是非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語,前面的事情造成價(jià)錢加倍,是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞,故填dubling。
23.fighting
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:180枚完全一樣的白色棋子與181枚完全一樣的黑色棋子,在一塊19×19路的棋盤上博弈。本句已有謂語,空處用非謂語;邏輯主語pieces與fight之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語;故填fighting。
24.infrming
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:該系統(tǒng)包括六個(gè)攝像頭,用于探測洞、巖石或其他材料,當(dāng)需要解決問題時(shí)通知農(nóng)民。本句已有謂語,空處用非謂語;主語This system與infrm之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填infrming。
25.t reduce
【詳解】考查不定式。句意:在我的日常生活里,我正在進(jìn)行一次尋找不同方法來減少碳排放的旅程。固定短語a way t d smething意為:做事的方法。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用不定式作定語。故填t reduce。
26.t make
【詳解】考查不定式。句意:幸運(yùn)的是,如今做出環(huán)保的生活方式的選擇要容易得多。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為固定句型:it’s+adj.+t d sth.“做某事是……的”,it是形式主語,后面的不定式短語作真正的主語。故填t make。
27.T remember
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:為了記住你不在醫(yī)生辦公室時(shí)遇到的所有問題,請(qǐng)將它們寫下來并隨身攜帶清單去預(yù)約。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出,此空處為非謂語動(dòng)詞短語作狀語,結(jié)合語意可知,此處為不定式作目的狀語,且在句首,注意要大寫單詞首字母。故填T remember。
28.t get
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞和固定句式。句意:在語言學(xué)習(xí)上沒有捷徑可走。一個(gè)好記憶是有很大幫助的,但是只靠背誦語法書上的規(guī)則是不夠的。根據(jù)句中謂語動(dòng)詞“is”可知,此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞;固定句式 there is n way t d sth 意為:沒有辦法做某事,其中不定式“t d”作后置定語修飾“way”。故填t get 。
29.t appreciate
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意:另一名微博用戶寫道“謝謝你給我一個(gè)欣賞鄉(xiāng)村風(fēng)景的機(jī)會(huì)?!惫潭ǘ陶Z“an pprtunity t d sth.”,意為“一個(gè)做某事的機(jī)會(huì)”,此處是不定式短語作定語。故填t appreciate。
30.t meet
【詳解】考查不定式。句意:在浙江,160家能源密集型工廠被勒令停產(chǎn),以達(dá)到能耗目標(biāo)。根據(jù)語境可知,句子意為“160家能源密集型工廠被勒令停產(chǎn),以達(dá)到能耗目標(biāo)”,因此空格處用不定式t meet表目的,故填t meet。屬性
名詞
形容詞
副詞
成分
主語
賓語
表語
同位語
定語
補(bǔ)語
狀
語
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
動(dòng)名詞
√
√
√
√
√
×
×
分詞
×
×
√
×
√
√
√
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