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專題14 語法填空——備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語考試易錯題
技巧1 有提示詞——介詞后都接名詞嗎？

1.After _____________(graduate), he found a job.
2.After______________ (graduate)from the university, he found a job.
【解析】句1中g(shù)raduate后沒有賓語，所以用名詞后綴。句2中g(shù)raduate后有from the university, 說明這里graduate是當(dāng)作動詞在用，所以用graduating這個動名詞形式。
【答案】1. graduation 2. graduating


介賓，賓語需要發(fā)揮動詞作用時，如后面還有接名詞作賓語，則用動名詞，否則填該動詞的名詞后綴


1.For environmental __________(protect), You Wenfeng has decided to buy fish from the market.
2.To increase the awareness of __________(protect)the environment, last Saturday we, some volunteers, carried out the activity in the Civil Square.
【解析】句1中protect后沒有賓語，所以用名詞后綴。句2中protect后有賓語the environment, 說明這里protect是當(dāng)作動詞在用，所以用protecting這個動名詞形式。
【答案】1. protection 2. protecting

技巧2 有提示詞——for sb.后都要接to do嗎

1.It is important for people________(learn) team spirit.
2.Abercrombie&Kent，a travel company in HongKong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ______ (live) in Shanghai and HongKong.
【解析】1句的意思是“人們學(xué)習(xí)團(tuán)隊精神很重要?！睂W(xué)習(xí)團(tuán)隊精神發(fā)生在未來，所以此處用to learn表示將來，2句中的意思是“Abercrombie&Kent是一家位于香港的旅游公司，該公司表示，它定期為居住在上海和香港的人安排在這里的快速旅行。”live 是people的后置定語，所以用living表示“住在……的”。
【答案】1. to learn 2. living


邏輯主語和動詞間是修飾限定關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞；若作主語表將來或目的意味，則用to do。

技巧3 有提示詞——-ed形式都在句中作謂語嗎

1.Many of the fires_________(send)smoke high into the atmosphere in January,2020.
2.The drone,__________(equip)with a special camera and a loudspeaker,can detect people with fever at a certain distance.
【解析】句1只有一個動詞，這個動詞就是句子的謂語動詞；句2除了equip這個動詞以外，還有can detect，依據(jù)句意“這款名為配備了特殊的攝像頭和揚(yáng)聲器的無人機(jī)，可以在一定距離內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)燒的人?！笨芍猚an detect是句子的謂語。equip 則用非謂語形式。
【答案】1. sent 2. equipped

首先判斷句子是否缺謂語動詞。當(dāng)句中已經(jīng)有謂語，再出現(xiàn)的動詞就只能是非謂語動詞。

1.The next day,he_________(offer)another one and he was amazed by the discovery.
【解析】根據(jù)句中and 可知，and 連接兩個并列從句。and后的謂語動詞was amazed是過去時，所以offer用過去時。
【答案】was offered
2.The Forbidden City,________(locate)at the exact center of Beijing,is a place full of wonder.
【解析】句子翻譯：位于北京的正中心的故宮，是一個充滿奇跡的地方。locate應(yīng)該用過去分詞形式做后置定語。
【答案】located

首先判斷句子是否缺謂語動詞。當(dāng)句中已經(jīng)有謂語，再出現(xiàn)的動詞就只能是非謂語動詞。

技巧4有提示詞——情態(tài)動詞后一定接動原嗎

1.We must do all that we can _________ (protect) the plants because plants are very important for living things.
2.We should do what we can _________(help)the homeless people.
【解析】:=To help the homeless people, we should do what we can (do)
動詞不定式在句子中作目的狀語，what we can do為賓語從句在句中作賓語成分
【答案】1. to protect 2. to help


首先判斷所填動詞在句中是否表目的；看can后是否隱含do

技巧5有提示詞——表情感adj.修飾人用-ed,修飾物一定用-ing嗎

1.I am satisfied with your____________(satisfy)performance.
【解析】依據(jù)句意：我對你___________________的表現(xiàn)很滿意?？芍颂帒?yīng)該填satisfying“令人滿意的”
【答案】satisfying

2.We are delighted at the _______________(delight)song whose name is “My Country and I”.
【解析】依據(jù)句意：我們對__________________的歌曲感到高興，它的名字是“我和我的國家”?？芍颂帒?yīng)該填delightful”令人高興的“
【答案】delightful


特殊詞特殊記。stressed-stressful;pleased-pleasant;scared-scary;ashamed-shameful;delighted-delightful

技巧6無提示詞——冠詞

1. There once were a goat and a donkey…. So the farmer killed [40]____ the______ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.
2. When I see a child under this kind of pressure, I think of Tom. He was [35]____a____ shy , nervous boy.
3. Years later, one day I got ___a____ call from an unknown mumber.


下列情況很可能填不定冠詞a/an：
(1)________+可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù))；
(2)________+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù))。
下列情況下很可能填定冠詞the ：
(1)________ (+定語)+名詞+ of等介詞短語(表示特指)；
(2)________ (+定語)+名詞+定語從句(表示特指)；
(3)________ (+定語)+名詞+不定式短語或分詞短語(表示特指)。


技巧7無提示詞——介詞

1. In short, I believe that it is ___of___ great use to keep a dairy in English.
2. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back_____at______the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen.


? 無提示詞：注意搭配問題
? 介詞+名詞=介賓短語
? 不及物動詞+介詞+賓語
? 與形容詞搭配構(gòu)成形容詞短語

技巧8無提示詞——代詞

1. So I went to the cash machine, took some cash and gave _it___ to the girls.
2. Several more excellent concerts will be held next month. we can attend all of __them___ .


? 無提示詞
? 作主語用主格，作賓語用賓格
? it用作形式主、賓語,特殊句式等
? 因句子的主語或賓語主要由名詞、代詞、動名詞或不定式等充當(dāng)，而名詞、動名詞或不定式等實(shí)詞通常會放在有提示詞的空格中考查，所以純空格所填詞在句子中作主語或賓語時，通常填代詞:
?
? 在名詞前作定語就只能用形容詞性物主代詞(my/your/his/her等)。
? 在句子中作主語或賓語時，通常填代詞，反身代詞(不能作主語)
? 另，在名詞前作定語就只能用形容詞性物主代詞(my/your/his/her等)。
? 從近兩年的真題和樣題來看，若要求填物主代詞、賓格代詞、反身代詞等時，命題人會給出其基本形式——人稱代詞的主格；如果題目本身是要求考生填代詞的基本形式，如主格人稱代詞，it，或some, any, another, both等不定代詞，是不給提示詞的。

技巧9無提示詞——連詞

并列連詞
1.Hurry up, ___or__ you will be late.
2.Tom was ill yesterday, __but___ he went to school as usual.
3.Work hard _and___you’ll make progress every day.
從屬連詞
1._When____ I saw him, he was playing basketball.
2._Whether_____ you will go there hasn’t been decided.
3.This is the best book __that___ I have ever seen.


(1)連接兩個功能對等的單詞或短語時，應(yīng)填并列連詞and,or,but等。
(2)若兩個句子(即兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu))之間，沒有句號或分號，也沒有連詞，那空格處必定是填連接詞，否則，句子結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整。
根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關(guān)系，或者根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)，確定是并列句(多要求考生填and, but,while, when,or 等) 還是某種主從復(fù)合句。然后根據(jù)各類從句的特點(diǎn)，結(jié)合連接詞的意義和用法，確定填具體的某個連詞。
并列句：簡單句＋并列連詞＋簡單句
復(fù)合句：主句（主＋謂＋賓）＋從句（連接詞＋主＋謂）

模擬演練
【易錯單句】
語法填空易錯題整理1

1 This has allowed people to live in a place where rain is rare, and where the little rain that falls ___________ (absorb) quickly by soil.
2 Malaindrano is a giant baobab tree that is hollowed out for the storage of water, __________ (exist) in the village of Ampotaka in Madagascar.
3 Autumn, a word __________(date) back to the late 1300s, became popular as _____ alternative.
4 Once joining the Wechat, people can find more and more people start to add them _____ friends.
5 However, addiction to Wechat will rob people of the time that should otherwise ___________(spend) on something more important.
6 There is no denying that China is one of the most successful countries in ___________(green) the desert.
7 The study has found that since 2000 the Earth’s green leaf are has increased by 5 percent, or over 5 million square kilometers, ________ is an area equal to the total area of the Amazon rainforest.
8 When Sarasota students took _______ bite of a freshly picked watermelon or mango, they knew the fruit cam from a five-acre farm right in Sarasota instead of thousands of miles away, _________(fresh) and more nutritional.
9 The Sarasota Farm to School program is ____________(actual) part of an initiative headed by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Service, ___________(plan) to increase Florida-based produce served in schools and offer healthier choices to students.
10 For now, the farm is in its first ___________(grow) season. Crops that _____________(grow) in May are just starting to be harvested.
11 Outside of the farm, students are engaging in some taste tests with _________ they get from the gardens.
12 Now that summer is finally here, families are preparing for ________ they expect to be a great vacation away from the daily routines.
13 A shark that walks in water instead of swimming might sound like a creature straight out of a science fiction film. However, that is exactly _________ four new species of sharks move across the seafloor.
14 The sharks have evolved _______________ (survive) in low-oxygen environments, enabling them to hunt during low tides.
15 The research held the belief that the ability to use fins(鰭) to walk across the water affords the sharks a great advantage __________ the smaller animals they hunt.
16 If the Taj Mahal is a _____________(celebrate) of the heart, then the Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are ________ monument to the mind and spirit.
17 Chinese people are proud of their food. However, when foreigners talk about Chinese food, they express opinions ___________ your expectations.
18 As I grew up in the UK, the Chinese food I was used to eating was ___________ I now recognize as Guangdong food because most Chinese immigrants to the UK came from Gugangdong.
19 So hearing Mandarin(普通話) is kind of _______ huge shock to some British people, who think it sounds completely different from the words they have heard!
20 Now more regional (地方的) Chinese food from Sichun, Hunan and other areas of China ___________(see).
21 In my experience, the impression usually is _______________ (amazing) good.
22 A team of nine _____________(competence) Chinese medical workers arrived in Rome late on Thursday, along with 31 metric tons of equipment, on a flight ______________(organize) by the Red Cross Society of China.
23 There is nothing ___________ will ruin your day faster than a traffic jam, and it’s even _________(bad) when there’s seemingly no reason for it.
24 If you do that, traffic will fall into ____ more natural pattern called a “Zipper merge”, ____________(mean) there are no surprise, no sudden braking, and a smoother transition from one lane to another.
25 They received a call from an animal shelter in Georgia four years later, and ____________(tell) that the dogs had been found in Dallas, Georgia.
26 Despite Frozen ___________(come) six years after the original film, the sequel was able to bring in records numbers for Disney.
27 It was also able to add _________ the company’s extraordinary year at the box office.
28 __________ Disney shows to the world is that it once again continues to benefit a lot from ______(it) 2019 strategy.
29 Degarabedian added that the film was able to deliver family-friendly entertainment to ______ enthusiastic global audience on “an advantageous release date”, _________ helped to strengthen Disney’s position as the highest-grossing studio this year.
30 The overall 2019 North American box office is down roughly 7% ______________(compare) to the same point last year.
語法填空易錯題整理2
1 Word came _______ the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway, located in North China, is now __________ construction, and is expected to be completed by 2020 in ______________(prepare) for the cities to host the 2022 Winter Olympics.
2 Its designers say that the explosions needed __________(dig) the tunnels will not have a negative effect on the structure.
3 Enjoying ______ total investment of 31.17 billion yuan, the trip between the two cities will only take 40 minutes __________ the train will travel at an average of 250 km/h.
4 The full railway, ______________(include) a 70-Kilometers section through Beijing, _________________ (complete) in four and a half years.
5 _______________(celebrate) the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China(PRC), President Xi jinping signed a presidential decree(總統(tǒng)令) on Sep.17 to award 42 individuals __________(vary) national honorary titles.
6 “I will be down-to-earth and work _______ the best interests of the people,” she once told Xinhua News Agency.
7 Sisal(劍麻) and seagrass are some of the options available if you’re looking for ______ sustainable material and want to embrace their raw, organic look.
8 Each _______(have) their own individual properties, so they are suited to different requirements: seagrass, for example, is easy to clean, ___________(make) it a good choice for pet owners and families, while sisal has good insulating(絕緣的) properties and comes in a range of ___________(color).
9 However, it is worth bearing in mind _________ wool carpets don’t respond well to stains as they are highly absorbent and so aren’t suited to areas of the house ___________ spillages(溢出) are frequent.
10 Charles Dickens, the author, ___________(call) by The Telegraph “the man who invented the modern Christmas”, introduced things like Christmas trees, a great feast on Christmas Day, ____________(get) together with family and friends, to his readers.
11 After the dinner, three of us got desserts and I noticed that my friend, Dan, was hesitating a bit, seemingly not __________(want) to go as if he wanted, or needed, our company.
12 Some high schools in the UK will remove analog clocks(石英鐘) ______ exam halls and us digital ______ instead.
13 When HarmonyOS, the Chinese self-developed operating system for Huawei mobile devices, _______________ (release) on Aug.9, it quickly became a hot topic on social media.
14 __________(base) on the well-known work of classical Chinese mythology（神話） The Investiture of the Gods, Ne Zha is shown as rebellious（反抗的）underdog, who has to overcome hardship and his dark fate to become a hero, ____________(like) his attractive heroic character in previous cinematic works.
15 As Global Times put _______, ancient mythology has the power to stimulate contemporary imagination in your people.
16 You put your hands, feet and knees into small holes and cracks _____ the rock and slowly make your way to the top.
17 While rock climbing is _______ extreme sport, most people use ropes and a harness(背帶) to stay safe. The ropes will catch you if you fall. _______others, like 31-year-old US climber Alex, make rock climbing even _______(crazy).
18 If he ___________ (slip) and fallen, he would have died.
19 Many a person _________(do ) it safely, or on special indoor walls.
20 The aircraft ____________(plan) to arrive in Beijing on March 8, 2014, but it didn’t.
21 A 3-year-old boy who ___________(lose) in the woods for two days is now safe at home with his family.
22 The self-portrait is nothing new. Painters and photographers have always used ___________(they) as subjects. Today, however, almost everyone walks around with a camera in his or her pocket. This is__________ most cellphones have cameras on them.
23 Selfies taken using a mirror often__________(take) in a bathroom, ________ some people think is offensive.
24 Parents have to find a workable balance between being full-time teacher and their own parental, work and household ________________ (responsible).
25 The disappearance of Malaysia Airlines flight MH 370 has inevitably captured the attention of the world because so little of its fate is known. _______ hunt for Malaysia AirlinesFlight370 continued at full speed, with more planes and ships joining the multinational search as the time________(leave) to find the plane's “black-box” flight__________ (record) runs low. Chinese, Australian and New Zealand aircraft claimed __________(find) objects in recent days，___________ items which were fished out of water so far have turned out unrelated to the missing plane.

語法填空易錯題整理1 答案
1 is absorbed 2 existing 3 dating, an 4 as 5 be spent 6 greening 7 which 8 a, fresher 9 actually, planning 10 growing, were grown 11 what 12 what 13 how 14 to survive 15 over 16 celebration, a 17 beyond 18 what 19 a 20 is seen 21 amazingly 22 competent, organized 23 that, worse 24 a, meaning 25 were told 26 coming 27 to 28 What, its 29 an, which 30 compared

語法填空易錯題整理2 答案
1 that, under, preparation 2 to dig 3 a, as/because 4 including, will be completed 5 To celebrate, various 6 for 7 a 8 has, making, colors 9 that, where 10 called, getting 11 wanting 12 from, ones 13 was released 14 Based, unlike 15 it 16 in 17 an, But, crazier 18 had slipped 19 does 20 had planned 21 was lost 22 themselves, because 23 are taken, which 24 responsibility 25 The, left, recorder, to find, but
【篇章訓(xùn)練】
一、
??? Chinese researchers ①_____ (develop) a robot designed to help doctors treat the new coronavirus and other highly contagious diseases so far. The machine has a long robotic arm attached to a base with wheels. It can perform some of medical examination tasks the same ②_____ doctors.
??? Cameras record the robot's activities, which ③_____(control) remotely so doctors can avoid ④_____(come) in close contact with infected patients. Doctors and other medical workers can operate the machine from a nearby room or much ⑤_____(far) away.
??? The robot's main ⑥_____(design) is Zheng Gangtie, an engineer and professor at China's Tsinghua University in Beijing. He told Reuters News Agency that he got ⑦_(dá)____ idea for the device when the number of cases of the COVID-19 was rising quickly. COVID-19 is the disease caused by the new coronavirus.
??? Zheng said a friend of his is head of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital. He said his friend told him that one of the biggest ⑧_____(problem) in dealing with COVID-19 was?⑨_____ health care workers treating patients were getting infected themselves. Zheng said he wanted to do something to deal with this situation.
??? So the engineers gathered a team and went to work on the robotic device. Zheng said the team was able to convert two robotic arms. The new robot is almost ⑩_____(complete) automated. It can even disinfect itself after performing actions involving contact with patients.
二、
??? Ludwig van Beethoven ①_____(recognise) as one of the greatest composers in the history of music.?②_____ his twenties, he had been very famous for his skills on the piano, but then he began to lose his hearing. Despite his deafness, he continued his composition until his death in 1827, ③_____(finish) more than 130 musical works.
??? One day in February 1824, he sat back in his chair, with his ④_____(nine) symphony finally completed. But before the performance, he was afraid that it would be ⑤_____ disaster because of his hearing loss.
??? To his surprise, the audience applauded loudly as he walked out onto the stage. For more than an hour, Beethoven jumped about, waving his arms wildly in the air and madly turning the pages of his score. The theatre's musical director, Umlauf stood quietly by his side, ⑥_____(skilful) guiding the orchestra through the most amazing piece of music the world had ever known.
??? As the final, ⑦_(dá)____(joy) note signalled the end of the symphony, the audience jumped to their feet, cheering and clapping. But Beethoven continued conducting, his head buried in the score. He didn't realise his symphony was a ⑧_____(succeed) until Caroline Unger, one of the singers, ⑨_____(turn) him to face the audience.
??? Later, Caroline remembered that Beethoven was not the only one ⑩_____ got a surprise. The audience was shocked too.
三、
??? Something is happening to the British. They seem to be developing green fingers! The number of people growing their own fruit and vegetables ①_____(increase) in the past year, according to Gardeners' World.
??? Gardens and private land for vegetables and fruit across the UK have been put to use with people's ②_____(discover) of the joy of home-grown produce. But not everyone has space to grow vegetables or flowers. And sometimes a window box just isn't enough for ③_____ gardening challenge. This is why people plant flowers or vegetables in public spaces to make them ④_____(green) and more pleasing to the eye.
??? Many people would approve ⑤_____ beautifying towns and cities, but this type of gardening is not ⑥_____(strict) legal. Therefore, the special gardening often takes place late at night. But the image of the enthusiastic gardener is not someone ⑦_(dá)____ breaks the law. It is someone who spends all their time in ⑧_____(greenhouse) and potting sheds(園圃棚) that knows every aspect of how to tend and grow the plants.
??? Yet, despite the increase in people growing their own food, half of the UK population ⑨_____(be) still puzzled about when most fruit and vegetables are in season, according to Gardeners' World. It seems that Britain still has a long way ⑩_____(go) before being called A Nation of Gardeners.
四、
??? The EXPO 2019 is set to showcase the ①_____(late) trends and achievements in floriculture(花卉栽培), as well as fruit and vegetable food farming at?②_____?foot of the Great Wall in Yanqing District.
??? An estimated 16 million plant visitors are expected to flock into the capital for the 162-day event set ③_____(run) from April 29 to October 7. Up to now, more than 110 countries and international organizations, as well as over 120 nonofficial exhibitors, ④_____(confirm) participation. This is set to be the highest attendance in the event's history.
??? There will be more than 2,500 cultural activities throughout the expo ⑤_____?are expected to promote exchanges and cooperation. The event is genuinely innovatory, ⑥_____(vary) from the horticultural sector(園藝部門) to many other sectors, like vegetables, fruits and Chinese herbal medicine(中草藥). Meanwhile, there will be many high-tech gadgets which will provide a better range ⑦_(dá)____?services, like 5G technology.
??? According to the organizing committee, the site construction for the expo has entered the final stage. Interior and exterior ⑧_____(decorate), electromechanical installation, and outdoor projects are being finished at the core venues.
??? All infrastructure for 100 indoor and outdoor gardens at the exhibition will be finished ⑨_____(complete) at the end of March.
??? This is the second time for China to hold such a high-level horticulture expo. The first such event ⑩?_____(hold) in Kunming, Yunnan province in 1999.
五、
??? TED Talks are really cool. But do you know what TED stands for and where it comes from? In February 1984, a group of technology enthusiasts ①_____(gather) in Monterey, California, to share thoughts on three subjects—technology, ②_____(entertain) and design. It was the start of the acronym(首字母縮略詞) and the organisation TED.
??? Then in 2001, Chris Anderson, ③_____ magazine entrepreneur(企業(yè)家) purchased TED through his non-profit foundation from TED co-founder Richard Saul Wurman. The style of TED then went from a closed conference ④_____ an open platform for spreading ideas. Indeed the organisation's motto is "Ideas worth ⑤_____(spread)", and the new website TED.com makes that ⑥_____(true) happen.
??? The organisation really didn't assume its current form and its expansive(廣泛的) public footprint until 2006. In 2006, TED's leadership decided to put its collections of ⑦_(dá)____(record) talks online for free. The thinking was ⑧_____ there were limits to how much impact a talk could have if its audience was only a thousand people, even if those people were influential ones. Back then, it ⑨_____(consider) a risky and even radical move. But now, TED staff members can give a series of 1.9 million TED Talk video views a day, 1,600 plus TED Talks online, 9,000 TED ⑩_____(event) in 157 countries.
六、
?? "Education" is generally defined as the process of learning and acquiring information. Formal learning in schools or universities ①_____(be) one of the most common types, though self-teaching and so-called "life experiences" can also qualify. Communities around the world place a high value on educating people of all ages, ②_____ formally or informally. It is widely believed that constant exposure ③_____ new ideas and skills makes people into better workers, thinkers, and societal ④_____(contribute).
??? Most people associate education with schools and classrooms ⑤_____ trained teachers present information to students. Classroom learning generally starts when a child is ⑥_____(relative) young. The purpose of most classroom learning is not to prepare a child for a specific job, but rather ⑦_(dá)____(help) him or her develop critical reasoning and thinking skills. Reading, writing, and math are very common lessons for young learners. As students progress in ⑧_____(they) schooling, they often come into contact with more ⑨_____(challenge) subjects like writing, history, and advanced sciences.
??? Exposing students to new ideas and essential facts is only part of most educational goals. Also, students ⑩_____(expect) to retain most if not all of the information that they learn in school. Teachers and professors commonly use exams and graded assignments to assess learning.
七、
??? The Art of Chinese Xinjiang Uyghur Muqam(新疆維吾爾木卡姆藝術(shù)) is a ①_____(represent) name of various kinds of Muqam in Northwest China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region(自治區(qū)),?②_____ was declared one of the UNESCO Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2005.
??? Muqam, ③_____(recognise) as the mother of Uyghur music, is not only?④_____ artistic creation with a long history, but also a record of ⑤_____(communicate) between China and the regions to the west of it in history. It can be found in 19 countries and regions in Central, South, and West Asia, and North Africa, which is ⑥_____(particular) due to Xinjiang's central location along the Silk Road.
??? In Muqam ensembles(樂團(tuán)), the lead instruments, called satar, are made from local materials and vary in form. The dancing skills involve unique steps, rhythms, and formations as well as ⑦_(dá)____(figure) such as flower-picking-by-mouth, bowl-carrying-on-head, and imitation of animals in solo dances.
??? Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, every possible means ⑧_____(use) to preserve the Twelve Muqam by the Chinese government. About 20 study centres have been set up ⑨_____(train) professional researchers on Muqam. Moreover, the government has introduced Muqam?⑩_____ the national artistic education system.
八、閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
??? To ease social distancing and reduce health risks ①_____(link) to in-person learning, school administrators in many places are getting ②_____ (create) about finding more spaces.
??? In the United States,?③_____ number of schools are establishing outdoor classrooms and making use of other empty spaces, like museums. In normal times, ④_____ (marry) take place at a large convention center in Hesston, Kansas. Businesses hold training programs for workers at the convention center. But the building ⑤_____ (use) as a schoolhouse for middle school students during the last months.
??? Megan Kohlman teaches literature and writing inside one of the rooms, with only a thin piece of plastic ⑥_____ (separate) her class from a math teacher's space. For Kohlman, this class is an improvement from distance learning last spring. "Everyone just ⑦_(dá)____ (honest) believes in the power of having kids with us as much as we can," Kohlman said.
??? Some education leaders say they wish more schools would consider different solutions?⑧_____ learning. Joseph Allen is an associate professor at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health in Massachusetts,?⑨_____?believes that more innovation is needed in how schools work.
??? "As for schooling, we seem to be stuck in this closed mindset where it is either in schools?⑩_____ it is not going to happen," Allen said.
九、
??? ①_____ majority of people suffer from so-called "Just-me-ism". That is, you leave the tap ②_____(run) while brushing your teeth, leave a light on when going out or drop a piece of waste and are unwilling to pick it ③_____. It is absolutely wrong, but in your opinion, it doesn't matter if only one person does it and no one will know it. But if there are millions of people doing like this, resources would be wasted and litter would be dropped, which ④_____(be) quite harmful to our environment.
??? Therefore, ⑤_____(encourage) people to take measures to protect the environment, Roots & Shoots ⑥_____(establish) by Jane Goodall. The ⑦_(dá)____(organise) is called Roots & Shoots because roots can form a firm foundation while seemingly weak shoots can break open brick walls to reach the light. The roots and shoots are you, your friends and young people all around the world, who can change the world into a better place.
??? Every individual is ⑧_____(value) and useful to the world. Every individual can play a role in our world. It is every individual ⑨_____ matters. Now you can make a choice to make a difference to our environment and make Roots & Shoots ⑩_____(root) in everyone's heart!
十、
??? "Nothing can make our lives, or the lives of other people, more ①_____(please) than kindness." I remembered the sentence again after practicing a small act.
??? Just inside the entrance of a building today I saw a woman ②_____(seat) in a wheelchair in front of me. Not ③_____ a hurry, I didn't want to disturb her so I stayed behind. She asked me to push the button for the lift after being aware of my ④_____(present). Walking by her to the lift, I pressed the button and the lift came immediately. She asked me to hold the lift as it would take her some time ⑤_____(walk) that short distance.
??? I was more than glad to do this, but panic ⑥_____(rise) inside me at the same time. The "open" and "close" symbols on many lifts often don't have the ⑦_(dá)____(word) "open" and "close" and I often press the wrong button. ⑧_____(thankful) besides the symbol, it also said open, so I was able to press the correct button and told her to take her time getting on. I didn't press the close button ⑨_____ she steadied herself in the lift.
??? She thanked me and I wished her a blessed day. As ⑩_____ matter of fact, the process took me only five minutes but I felt warm inside afterwards.




答案以及解析
一、
答案：①have developed ②as ③are controlled ④coming ⑤farther/further ⑥designer ⑦the ⑧problems ⑨t(yī)hat ⑩completely
解析：①由時間狀語so far可知, 本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時, 主語Chinese researchers為復(fù)數(shù)概念, 謂語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 故填have developed。
②句意為: 它可以像醫(yī)生一樣執(zhí)行一些醫(yī)療檢查任務(wù)。the same as...為固定搭配, 意為"和......一樣"。故填as。
③此處為which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句, 關(guān)系代詞which指代先行詞the robot's activities, 為復(fù)數(shù)概念, 作從句的主語, 該空為定語從句中的謂語動詞, 謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 且與從句主語為被動關(guān)系, 應(yīng)用被動語態(tài), 并結(jié)合語境和主句時態(tài)可知, 此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時, 故填are controlled。
④avoid doing sth為固定用法, 意為"避免做某事", 故填coming。
⑤由語境及關(guān)鍵詞much可知, 此處應(yīng)用副詞的比較級, 表示與前面的a nearby room相比更遠(yuǎn)的地方, 故填farther/further。
⑥分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 此處為句子的主語, 且其前有形容詞修飾, 應(yīng)用名詞形式; 根據(jù)空后的Zheng Gangtie可知, 該空是指這款機(jī)器人的主要設(shè)計者, 故填designer。
⑦此處特指設(shè)計這款機(jī)器人的"想法", 應(yīng)用定冠詞修飾限定idea, 故填the。
⑧"one of+the+形容詞最高級+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)"意為"最......的......之一", 故填problems。
⑨句意為: 他說, 他朋友告訴他應(yīng)對新型冠狀病毒肺炎最大的問題之一是治療病人的醫(yī)護(hù)人員自己也會感染病毒。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 空后部分為表語從句, 從句中不缺成分, 應(yīng)用that連接, 故填that。
⑩automated為形容詞, 意為"自動化的", 應(yīng)用副詞修飾, 故填completely。
二、
答案：①is recognized ②In ③finishing ④ninth ⑤a ⑥skilfully ⑦joyous/joyful ⑧success ⑨t(yī)urned ⑩who/that
解析：①recognise在此是謂語動詞, 與主語是被動關(guān)系, 且此處敘述的是一般性事實(shí), 所以應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。
②"in one's+整十的復(fù)數(shù)"意為"在某人幾十余歲時"。
③finish在此是非謂語動詞作狀語, 與主語he是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系, 所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填finishing。
④此處是指他的第九部交響曲, 所以應(yīng)用序數(shù)詞。故填ninth。
⑤disaster可作可數(shù)名詞, 此處泛指"一個災(zāi)難"。故填a。
⑥設(shè)空處修飾現(xiàn)在分詞guiding, 作狀語, 應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填skilfully。
⑦設(shè)空處修飾名詞note, 作定語, 應(yīng)用形容詞, 故填joyous/joyful。
⑧設(shè)空處前有不定冠詞a修飾, 應(yīng)用名詞單數(shù)形式, 故填success。
⑨t(yī)urn在此是從句謂語動詞, 與從句主語是主動關(guān)系, 依據(jù)上下文時態(tài)可知, 此處應(yīng)用一般過去時。故填turned。
⑩_____ got a surprise在此是定語從句, 修飾the only one, 先行詞指人, 關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語, 所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who/that。
三、
答案：①has increased ②discovery ③a ④greener ⑤of ⑥strictly ⑦who ⑧greenhouses ⑨are/is ⑩to go
解析：①分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 該空為句子謂語, 由時間狀語in the past year可知, 本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時, 主語的中心語為The number of, 謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填has increased。
②根據(jù)空前的名詞所有格people's和空后的介詞of可知, 該空應(yīng)填名詞。此處表示人們對"自家種植的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的樂趣的發(fā)現(xiàn)", discovery意為"發(fā)現(xiàn)"時為不可數(shù)名詞。故填discovery。
③句意為: 有時一個窗口花壇不足以完成一項園藝挑戰(zhàn)。此處泛指"一項挑戰(zhàn)", 應(yīng)用不定冠詞, 且gardening的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭。故填a。
④由后面的more pleasing可知, 此處應(yīng)填形容詞的比較級。故填greener。
⑤approve of為固定搭配, 意為"贊成"。故填of。
⑥此處修飾形容詞legal, 應(yīng)用副詞。故填strictly。
⑦分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句, 先行詞someone指人, 關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語, 指人時, 當(dāng)先行詞是one, anyone或someone等時, 關(guān)系詞只能用who, 不用that。故填who。
⑧greenhouse為可數(shù)名詞, 此處無限定詞修飾, 應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 與后面的potting sheds并列, 作介詞in的賓語。故填greenhouses。
⑨設(shè)空處為句子謂語, half of the UK population為句子的主語, 指"一半英國人民", 謂語動詞既可用復(fù)數(shù)形式也可用單數(shù)形式。且此處描述目前的情況, 應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填are/is。
⑩此處作way的定語, 應(yīng)用不定式, 表示"還有很長的路要走"。故填to go。
四、
答案：①latest ②the ③to run ④have confirmed ⑤which/that ⑥varying ⑦of ⑧decoration ⑨completely ⑩was held
解析：①根據(jù)空前的the和空后的"trends and achievements"可知, 此處表示"最新的趨勢和成就", 表示最高級, 故填latest。
②此處考查固定短語at the foot of..., 意為"在......下"。
③根據(jù)語境可知, 這里用動詞不定式表示將來。
④根據(jù)前面的時間狀語"Up to now"可知此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時, 且主語為復(fù)數(shù), 故填have confirmed。
⑤分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 空處引導(dǎo)定語從句, 修飾先行詞"the expo", 從句中缺少主語, 故用which或者that。
⑥分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 該句主語"The event"和動詞vary構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系, 故用varying。
⑦根據(jù)語境可知, 此處表示"提供一系列更好的服務(wù)", a range of(一系列)為固定用法。
⑧根據(jù)語境可知, 此處表示"室內(nèi)外裝飾", 應(yīng)用名詞, 且decoration作"裝飾"講時為不可數(shù)名詞, 故填decoration。
⑨修飾前面的動詞finished應(yīng)用副詞completely。
⑩根據(jù)該句中的時間狀語"in 1999"可知, 應(yīng)用一般過去時; 主語"The first such event"和hold之間是被動關(guān)系, 故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。
五、
答案：①gathered ②entertainment ③a ④to ⑤spreading ⑥truly ⑦recorded ⑧that ⑨was considered ⑩events
解析：①該空為句子謂語, 由時間狀語In February 1984可知, 時態(tài)為一般過去時, 該空應(yīng)填gather的過去式。故填gathered。
②由and前后詞性一致可知, 該空應(yīng)填名詞, 與前面的technology和后面的design并列。故填entertainment。
③entrepreneur為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞, 此處表泛指, 應(yīng)用不定冠詞修飾, 且magazine的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭。故填a。
④from...to...為固定搭配, 意為"從......到......"。故填to。
⑤(be) worth doing...為固定搭配, 意為"值得做......", 故填spreading。
⑥此處修飾動詞happen, 應(yīng)用副詞, 故填truly。
⑦空后的talks為名詞, 故該空應(yīng)用非謂語形式作定語, 修飾talks, 而record與talks之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系, 故用過去分詞。故填recorded。
⑧was為系動詞, 設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語從句, 且從句中不缺少成分, 所以用that引導(dǎo)該從句。故填that。
⑨設(shè)空處為句子謂語, 主語it與consider之間為被動關(guān)系, 應(yīng)用被動語態(tài); 根據(jù)時間狀語Back then可知, 時態(tài)為一般過去時。it為單數(shù)概念, 謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式, 故填was considered。
⑩event為可數(shù)名詞, 其前有數(shù)量詞9,000修飾, 應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填events。
六、
答案：①is ②whether ③to ④contributors ⑤where ⑥r(nóng)elatively ⑦to help ⑧their ⑨challenging ⑩are expected
解析：①考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。文章的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時, 主語Formal learning為單數(shù), 故填is。
②考查連詞。此處考查固定搭配whether...or..., 表示"無論是正式的還是非正式的", 故填whether。
③考查介詞。exposure to為固定表達(dá), 意為"接觸到......", 故填to。
④考查名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 空處與前面指人的名詞workers和thinkers是并列關(guān)系, 應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù), 所以填contributors(做出貢獻(xiàn)的人)。
⑤考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 空處引導(dǎo)定語從句, 先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞schools and classrooms, 空處指代先行詞并在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語, 故填where。
⑥考查副詞?？仗幮揎椥稳菰~young, 所以用副詞形式relatively。
⑦考查非謂語動詞。not...but...意為"不是......而是......", 連接兩個并列成分, 根據(jù)not后的to prepare可知, 此處填to help。
⑧考查代詞。此處修飾名詞schooling, 應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞。
⑨考查形容詞。此處修飾名詞subjects, 應(yīng)用形容詞challenging。
⑩考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。本文時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時, 此處也應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時; 此處表示"學(xué)生被期望", 應(yīng)用被動語態(tài); 主語students為復(fù)數(shù), 故填are expected。
七、
答案：①representative ②which ③recognised ④an ⑤communication ⑥particularly ⑦figures ⑧has been used ⑨t(yī)o train ⑩into
解析：①此處修飾名詞name, 應(yīng)用形容詞, representative意為"典型的; 有代表性的"。故填representative。
②分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 該空引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句, 先行詞為The Art of Chinese Xinjiang Uyghur Muqam, 指物, 關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語, 故用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)該從句。故填which。
③is為本句的謂語動詞, 動詞recognise與其之間無連詞連接, 應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式作定語, 修飾Muqam, 二者之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系, 應(yīng)用過去分詞形式。故填recognised。
④此處泛指"一種藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作", 應(yīng)用不定冠詞; 且artistic的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭, 故填an。
⑤of為介詞, 后面接名詞、代詞或動名詞(短語)作賓語; 設(shè)空后為介詞短語作定語。由此可知, 該空應(yīng)填名詞。故填communication。
⑥此處修飾介詞短語due to, 應(yīng)用副詞。故填particularly。
⑦figure為可數(shù)名詞, 在此處意為"花樣; 舞步"。根據(jù)后面such as列舉的內(nèi)容可知, 此處figure表示復(fù)數(shù)概念, 應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填figures。
⑧根據(jù)時間狀語Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949可知, 此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時, 主語every possible means為第三人稱單數(shù), 與動詞use之間為被動關(guān)系, 故用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。故填has been used。
⑨have been set up為本句的謂語, 動詞train與其之間無連詞連接, 應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式; 根據(jù)語境可知, "訓(xùn)練專業(yè)研究人員"是"建立研究中心"的目的, 故用動詞不定式作目的狀語。故填to train。
⑩introduce...into...為固定搭配, 意為"將......放進(jìn); 添入"。故填into。
八、
答案：① linked② creative③ a④ marriages⑤ has been used⑥ separating⑦ honestly⑧ to⑨ who⑩ or
解析：①考查過去分詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是非謂語動詞短語作后置定語, link與risks之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用linked。
②考查形容詞。根據(jù)句意以及前面的"are getting"可知，此處為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，故用形容詞形式。
③考查冠詞。根據(jù)空后的"are"可知，本句的主語是表示復(fù)數(shù)概念的名詞，故用a number of"大量的"。注意:本空不可填the, the number of意為"……的數(shù)量"，與文意不符。
④考查名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處在句中作主語，故應(yīng)用名詞形式;再根據(jù)謂語動詞"take place"可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。注意:marriage表示"婚禮"時，為可數(shù)名詞。
⑤考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語"during the last months"可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時,building與use之間是被動關(guān)系，故填 has been used。
⑥考查現(xiàn)在分詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，a thin piece of plastic與separate是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
⑦考查副詞。此處修飾謂語動詞believes,應(yīng)用副詞形式，表示"真的，確實(shí)"。
⑧考查介詞。solutions to sth.為固定搭配，表示"……的解決辦法/處理手段"。
⑨考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，且在從句中作主語，指代前面的Joseph Allen,故只能填 who。
⑩考查并列連詞。此處表示選擇關(guān)系，意為學(xué)校教育要么發(fā)生在學(xué)校，要么就不會發(fā)生。either…or…"(對兩事物的選擇）要么……要么……"。
九、
答案：①The ②running ③up ④is ⑤to encourage ⑥was established ⑦organisation ⑧valuable ⑨t(yī)hat/who ⑩rooted
解析：①the majority of意為"大多數(shù)"。
②設(shè)空處在此是非謂語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語, 與其邏輯主語tap之間為主動關(guān)系, 應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。leave sth doing意為"讓某物一直處于某種狀態(tài)"。故填running。
③pick up為固定搭配, 意為"撿起"。故填up。
④設(shè)空處在此是非限制性定語從句中的謂語, which指代前句的內(nèi)容, 在從句中作主語, 從句謂語應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式; 且此處表示的是客觀事實(shí), 應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填is。
⑤設(shè)空處在此是非謂語動詞作目的狀語, 所以應(yīng)用不定式形式。故填to encourage。
⑥設(shè)空處在此是謂語動詞, 與主語是被動關(guān)系, 應(yīng)用被動語態(tài); 敘述的是過去的動作, 所以應(yīng)用一般過去時。主語Roots & Shoots為單數(shù)意義, 謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式, 故填was established。
⑦設(shè)空處位于定冠詞The后且在句中作主語, 應(yīng)用名詞形式。故填organisation。
⑧此處作表語且與useful并列, 應(yīng)用形容詞。故填valuable。
⑨此處是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型, 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語every individual, 指人, 所以應(yīng)用that/who引導(dǎo)剩余部分。
⑩設(shè)空處在此是非謂語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語, 與賓語Roots & Shoots是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系, 所以應(yīng)用過去分詞形式。故填rooted。
十、
答案：①pleasant ②seated ③in ④presence ⑤to walk ⑥r(nóng)ose ⑦words ⑧Thankfully ⑨until ⑩a
解析：①考查形容詞。句意: 沒有什么比善良能使我們的生活或其他人的生活更愉快。根據(jù)句意可知, 空處應(yīng)填形容詞pleasant, 意為"令人愉快的"。
②考查非謂語動詞。本空提示詞seat是使役動詞, 表示"使坐下", 這里用過去分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語表示狀態(tài)。
③考查介詞。這里用短語in a hurry表示"趕時間", 因此本空填介詞in。
④考查名詞。根據(jù)前面的my可知, 這里填提示詞的名詞形式presence, 其做賓語意為"在場"。
⑤考查非謂語動詞。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看, 句中為固定句式it takes sb. some time to do sth., 因此填動詞不定式。
⑥考查時態(tài)。與全文的敘述一致, 這里講述過去發(fā)生的事, 應(yīng)用一般過去時。
⑦考查名詞的數(shù)。根據(jù)后面的"open" "close"可知, 此處指兩個單詞, 故用word的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
⑧考查副詞。這里用提示詞的副詞形式做狀語, 表示"幸好, 幸虧"。
⑨考查狀語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 本句是not...until...句型, 意為"直到......才......"。
⑩考查冠詞。as a matter of fact意為"事實(shí)上", 為固定結(jié)構(gòu), 故填不定冠詞a。


真題演練
【2022年】
2022年新高考I卷
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ___56___ (cover)an area about three times ___57___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___58___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___59___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___60___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___61___ leaving behind precious natural assets(資產(chǎn))for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___63___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物種), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____65____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【答案】56. Covering 57. the 58. were 59. to increase
60. is designed 61. and 62. populations 63. eventually 64. as 65. that
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了中國政府決定建立的大熊貓國家公園(GPNP)的計劃。
【56題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：該公園占地面積約為黃石國家公園的三倍，將成為中國首批國家公園之一。設(shè)空處在句中作非謂語，cover和句子的邏輯主語the GPNP為邏輯的主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式作狀語，首字母大寫。故填Covering。
【57題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意：該公園占地面積約為黃石國家公園的三倍，將成為中國首批國家公園之一。本句的結(jié)構(gòu)為：倍數(shù)+ the size of +比較成份。故填the。
【58題詳解】
考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：該計劃將把保護(hù)范圍擴(kuò)大到大量以前未受保護(hù)的地區(qū)，將許多現(xiàn)有的大熊貓保護(hù)區(qū)納入一個管理機(jī)構(gòu)，以提高效率，減少管理上的不一致性。設(shè)空處在that引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句中作謂語，先行詞為a significant number of areas，先行詞在從句中作主語，根據(jù)“previously (之前地)”可知從句的時態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過去時，根據(jù)主謂一致，從句主語復(fù)數(shù)，從句謂語復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填were。
【59題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：該計劃將把保護(hù)范圍擴(kuò)大到大量以前未受保護(hù)的地區(qū)，將許多現(xiàn)有的大熊貓保護(hù)區(qū)納入一個管理機(jī)構(gòu)，以提高效率，減少管理上的不一致性。設(shè)空處在句中作非謂語，做目的狀語，應(yīng)用動詞的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
【60題詳解】
考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：GPNP旨在體現(xiàn)“保護(hù)自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的真實(shí)性和完整性，保護(hù)生物多樣性，保護(hù)生態(tài)緩沖區(qū)，為子孫后代留下寶貴的自然資產(chǎn)”的指導(dǎo)原則。設(shè)空處在句中作謂語，和句子的主語The GPNP之間為被動關(guān)系；敘述客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。故設(shè)空處應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，主語單數(shù)，謂語單數(shù)形式。故填is designed。
【61題詳解】
考查連詞。句意：GPNP旨在體現(xiàn)“保護(hù)自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的真實(shí)性和完整性，保護(hù)生物多樣性，保護(hù)生態(tài)緩沖區(qū)，為子孫后代留下寶貴的自然資產(chǎn)”的指導(dǎo)原則。設(shè)空處前后為并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用and。故填and。
【62題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：GPNP的主要目標(biāo)是改善不同種群和大熊貓家園之間的聯(lián)系，最終達(dá)到理想的野生大熊貓數(shù)量水平。設(shè)空處和and后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞homes并列在句中作賓語，應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞population (種群)的復(fù)數(shù)的形式。故填populations。
【63題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：GPNP的主要目標(biāo)是改善不同種群和大熊貓家園之間的聯(lián)系，最終達(dá)到理想的野生大熊貓數(shù)量水平。設(shè)空處后為動詞achieve，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用副詞eventually作狀語，修飾動詞achieve。故填eventually。
【64題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：大熊貓還扮演著保護(hù)傘的角色，為中國西南和西北地區(qū)的許多動植物帶來保護(hù)。固定短語：serve as (充當(dāng))。故填as。
【65題詳解】
考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意：該計劃旨在為生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物種提供更有力的保護(hù)，并顯著改善該地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康。設(shè)空處為關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞等于關(guān)系詞，設(shè)空處在從句中作指物的主語，先行詞為species，且先行詞前為all修飾，只能用關(guān)系代詞that。故填that。

2022年新高考II卷

Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (陽臺), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___36___ (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.
___37___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ___38___ (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ___39___ (see) them. When he looked down, he ___40___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes ___41___ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
He saved my ___44___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to thank him. ”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
【答案】36. falling 37. The 38. asleep 39. to see 40. accidentally
41. and 42. was fixing 43. threw 44. son's 45. how
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，講述的是正在修車的Henry拯救了掛在六樓公寓的陽臺上，即將要掉下來的小孩Eric的故事。
【36題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：當(dāng)亨利看到一個小男孩掛在六樓公寓的陽臺上時，他跑了100米，跳過了1. 2米高的柵欄，伸出雙臂去接要掉下來的孩子。句中的hold out為謂語動詞，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該使用非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句意，fall為動詞，意為“掉落”， child和fall之間是主動關(guān)系，同時表示正在進(jìn)行的含義。故應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。故填falling。
【37題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意：布朗一家住在多倫多郊外的一棟公寓樓里。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處要填寫冠詞與Brown family 構(gòu)成名詞短語作主語。the+姓氏，意為“某某一家人”，the符合句意。同時該單詞置于句首，首字母應(yīng)該大寫。故填The。
【38題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：他們倆看電視的時候都睡著了。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫形容詞作表語。sleep為動詞，意為“睡覺”，其形容詞為asleep。fall asleep為固定搭配，意為“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
【39題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：過了一會兒，艾瑞克聽到孩子們在外面玩耍的聲音，醒了過來。他把一把椅子推到陽臺上，爬上去看他們。句中的climb up為謂語動詞，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該使用謂語動詞。根據(jù)句意，他要爬到陽臺去看他們（外面玩鬧的孩子們。），故應(yīng)該使用to do不定式作目的狀語。故填to see。
【40題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：當(dāng)他往下看時，不小心滑了一跤，從懸崖邊上掉了下去。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫副詞修飾動詞slipped。accidental為形容詞，意為“意外的，失誤的”，其副詞為accidentally，意為“意外地，失誤地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。
【41題詳解】
考查連詞。句意：他堅持了幾分鐘，尖叫喊著他的父親，但他的父親沒有聽到他。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫連詞，連接hung和screamed兩個動作。根據(jù)句意，此處表示并列關(guān)系。故填and。
【42題詳解】
考查動詞。句意：聽到尖叫聲時，亨利正在修車。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫謂語動詞。根據(jù)空后的when he heard the screams，可知，設(shè)空處的動作是正在發(fā)生的，同時該句描述的是過去的事實(shí)。故使用過去進(jìn)行時。fix為動詞，意為“修理”，其過去進(jìn)行時為was fixing。故填was fixing。
【43題詳解】
考查過去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一邊，伸出胳膊跑了起來。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處與空后的and started構(gòu)成并且結(jié)構(gòu)。故應(yīng)該使用一般過去時。throw為動詞，意為“扔”，過去時為threw。故填threw。
【44題詳解】
考查名詞所有格。句意：他拯救了我兒子的生命。根據(jù)句意，life與提示詞son之間是所屬關(guān)系，故應(yīng)該使用名詞所有格。故填son’s。
【45題詳解】
考查特殊疑問詞。句意：我不知道如何去感謝他。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處填寫的是特殊疑問詞+to do不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。根據(jù)句意，how意為“如何”，符合句意。故填how。

2022年1月浙江卷
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___36___ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ____37____（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others ____38____ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ____39____（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, _____40_____（rough） 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ____41____ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ___42___ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___43___ time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the ____44____ （invite）. That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ______45______（continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
【答案】36. who/that
37. is viewed##has been viewed
38. are 39. changing
40. roughly
41. have promised
42. whether##if
43. the 44. invitation
45. to continue
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一個由學(xué)者團(tuán)體發(fā)行的實(shí)踐，目的是為了減少學(xué)術(shù)飛行以應(yīng)對氣候變化危機(jī)。
【36題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：亞特蘭大佐治亞科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一個少數(shù)但是不斷增加的少數(shù)學(xué)者中的一員，因?yàn)闅夂蜃兓?，他們正在削減他們的飛機(jī)旅行。名詞academics后為定語從句且在從句中作主語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞替代，故填that/who。
【37題詳解】
考查被動語態(tài)。句意：對科學(xué)家而言，旅行去參加會議、講座、工作室之類的地方來相聚并交流信息這件事被視為是重要的。描述人們普遍認(rèn)知的事情用一般現(xiàn)在時，此處也可以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)人們從過去到現(xiàn)在的認(rèn)知，動名詞作主語與主謂之間存在被動關(guān)系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。
【38題詳解】
考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：但是現(xiàn)在Cobb和其他人正在質(zhì)疑那個想法，推動會議提供更多遠(yuǎn)程參加的機(jī)會以及為了盡自己的能力來應(yīng)對氣候變化危機(jī)，他們正在改變他們的個人行為。根據(jù)句意可知，此處也應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，主語為復(fù)數(shù)，故填are。
【39題詳解】
考查時態(tài)。句意：但是現(xiàn)在Cobb和其他人正在質(zhì)疑那個想法，推動會議提供更多遠(yuǎn)程參加的機(jī)會以及為了盡自己的能力來應(yīng)對氣候變化危機(jī)，他們正在改變他們的個人行為。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處and連接并列的動詞questioning和change，故填changing。
【40題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：例如，在一個叫“無飛行科學(xué)家”的網(wǎng)站上，自從兩年前成立以來，大約有200個學(xué)者，他們中很多人承諾盡可能少飛行。此處修飾數(shù)字用副詞roughly“粗略地大約”，故填roughly。
【41題詳解】
考查時態(tài)。句意：例如，在一個叫“無飛行科學(xué)家”的網(wǎng)站上，自從兩年前成立以來，大約有200個學(xué)者，他們中很多人承諾盡可能少飛行。根據(jù)時間狀語“since+過去時間”可知主句應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時，故填have promised。
【42題詳解】
考查賓語從句。句意：對于她的出席，Cobb開始詢問邀請她的組織者是否可以遠(yuǎn)程進(jìn)行。顯然ask后面出現(xiàn)了一個賓語從句，賓語從句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合語境，故填whether或if。
【43題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意：大約有四分之三的時間，他們同意了。此處特指Cobb詢問的時間范圍內(nèi)，故填the。
【44題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：當(dāng)答案是否定的時候，她拒絕了那個邀請。此處需填入名詞作動詞decline的賓語，故填invitation。
【45題詳解】
考查動詞不定式。句意：他打算繼續(xù)這個實(shí)踐。動詞plan后面跟動詞不定式，plan to do sth“計劃做”，故填to continue。
【2021年】
1.（2021年新高考I卷）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____63____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!
【答案】56. What
57. humans
58. undoubtedly
59. hotter
60. astonished
61. was
62. and
63. aching
64. mine
65. a
【解析】本文屬于說明文。文章介紹黃山的三種代表性的事物——云海，溫泉以及臺階。
【56題】考查主語從句。句意：這次經(jīng)歷的驚人之處在于這世界之外的景色。此處是主語從句，從句缺乏主語，應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)，指代“經(jīng)歷的事情”。故填What。
【57題】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：當(dāng)你站在黃山山頂看見波濤洶涌般的云海，你會想到我們?nèi)祟愂嵌嗝吹拿煨?。human是we的同位語，we為復(fù)數(shù)，應(yīng)用human的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填humans。
【58題】考查副詞。句意：它無疑會幫助你恢復(fù)精神！修飾動詞help，應(yīng)用副詞undoubtedly“毫無疑問地”。故填undoubtedly。
【59題】考查形容詞比較級。句意：關(guān)于黃山溫泉讓人驚訝的是，氣溫越低，溫泉越暖和。此處是固定結(jié)構(gòu)“the +比較級，the+比較級”，意為“越……，越……”。故填hotter。
【60題】考查形容詞。句意：但大自然就是這樣——總是讓我們驚訝。此處是“l(fā)eave +賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”，補(bǔ)充說明賓語us的感受，應(yīng)用-ed結(jié)尾形容詞。故填astonished。
【61題】考查一般過去時。句意：你不禁會想，對當(dāng)時的人們來說，把這些石頭都安置好有多難。分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的賓語，it是從句的形式主語，不定式為真正主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，安置臺階的石頭為陳述過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時。故填was。
【62題】考查連詞。句意：雖然在上山的路上，這是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整個冒險，并且提供了一個你可以坐下來休息你疼痛的雙腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”與“offers a place”部分為并列關(guān)系，都是作it的謂語，故用并列連詞and。
【63題】考查形容詞。句意：雖然在上山的路上，這是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整個冒險，并且提供了一個你可以坐下來休息你疼痛的雙腿的地方。分析句子及語境可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞aching“疼痛的”修飾名詞legs，意為“疼痛的雙腿”。故填aching。
【64題】考查代詞。句意：正如歌中所唱，這條漫長而曲折的道路“永遠(yuǎn)不會消失”，它將永遠(yuǎn)留在游客的記憶中。對我來說確實(shí)如此。根據(jù)前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句為does指代前一句的stick，本句缺乏賓語，應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞mine指代my memory。故填mine。
【65題】考查冠詞。句意：當(dāng)你在中國的時候，黃山是一個你一定要去的地方。must作名詞時，意為“絕對必要的事物”，為可數(shù)名詞，此處泛指“一個必須去的地方”，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，must是以輔音音素開頭的詞，應(yīng)用a。故填a。
2.（2021年全國甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city ___42___ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修復(fù)). It is possible ___43___ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After ___44___ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ___45___ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We ___46___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ___47___ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___48___ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____50____ (day) routines.
【答案】41. was built
42. in
43. to walk
44. spending
45. better
46. hired
47. but
48. the
49. watchtowers
50. daily
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了作者游覽西安長城的活動。
【41題】考查被動語態(tài)。句意：它最初是為了保護(hù)唐代的城市而建造的，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完全修復(fù)了。分析句子可知，空格處為謂語，動詞build和主語之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)（be done），根據(jù)句意和時間狀語the Tang dynasty可知，用一般過去時，謂語動詞用過去式，主語it為第三人稱單數(shù)，主謂一致，故填was built。
【42題】考查介詞。句意：它最初是為了保護(hù)唐代的城市而建造的，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完全修復(fù)了。根據(jù)句意可知，表示“在某個朝代”應(yīng)用介詞in。故填in。
【43題】考查動詞不定式。句意：在觀察了城墻上所有的防御設(shè)備后，我們決定是時候采取行動了，還有什么比騎在歷史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此處為句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it為形式主語，動詞walk的不定式短語作真正主語。故填to walk。
【44題】考查動名詞。句意：在花了一些時間查看了城墻上所有的防御設(shè)備之后，我們決定是時候采取一些行動了，還有什么比騎在歷史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此處After為介詞，故spend應(yīng)用其動名詞形式作介詞賓語。故填spending。
【45題】考查形容詞比較級。句意：在花了一些時間查看了城墻上所有的防御設(shè)備之后，我們決定是時候采取一些行動了，還有什么比騎在歷史上更好的呢。根據(jù)后文比較連（介）詞than可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞good的比較級。故填better。
【46題】考查時態(tài)。句意：我們從南門的租賃處租了自行車。分析句子可知，此處為謂語動詞，根據(jù)上下文可知，此處描述過去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過去時，謂語動詞用過去式。故填hired。
【47題】考查連詞。句意：我的自行車又舊又搖搖晃晃，但還可以騎。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but連接。故填but。
【48題】考查冠詞。句意：我們繞著西安城墻走了大約3個小時。結(jié)合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短語為all the way，故用定冠詞the限定名詞way。故填the。
【49題】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：據(jù)說你可以在兩個小時內(nèi)完成，但我們在不同的大門和了望臺停下來拍照，或者只是看當(dāng)?shù)厝诉M(jìn)行他們的日常生活。根據(jù)句意以及前文形容詞different可知，此處可數(shù)名詞watchtower是復(fù)數(shù)概念，應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填watchtowers。
【50題】考查形容詞。句意：據(jù)說你可以在兩個小時內(nèi)完成，但我們在不同的大門和了望臺停下來拍照，或者只是看當(dāng)?shù)厝诉M(jìn)行他們的日常生活。修飾后文名詞routines應(yīng)用day的形容詞daily，作定語，修飾名詞。故填daily。
3.（2021年全國乙卷）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影響)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___61___ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas.
Ecotourism has ___63___(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ___64___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to ___65___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___66___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of ___67___(visit)the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide ___68___(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.___69___(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(遠(yuǎn)足)and accommodations aim ____70____(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】61. educated
62. development
63. its
64. until
65. the
66. of
67. visiting
68. financial
69. activities
70. to have
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要講述生態(tài)旅游通常被認(rèn)為是到原始地區(qū)的低影響旅游。但是由于與環(huán)境相關(guān)的探險旅行越來越受歡迎，各種各樣的旅行現(xiàn)在被歸類為生態(tài)旅游。實(shí)際上，生態(tài)旅游必須滿足一些規(guī)定。
【61題】考查形容詞。句意：這不同于傳統(tǒng)的旅游，因?yàn)樗茏屄眯姓吡私膺@個地區(qū)——無論是地理環(huán)境還是文化特色，并且經(jīng)常為環(huán)境保護(hù)提供資金，并有利于當(dāng)?shù)氐陌l(fā)展。分析句子成分可知，此處查固定搭配become educated about表示“對……有所了解”。故填educated。
【62題】考查名詞。句意：這不同于傳統(tǒng)的旅游，因?yàn)樗茏屄眯姓吡私膺@個地區(qū)——無論是地理環(huán)境還是文化特色，并且經(jīng)常為環(huán)境保護(hù)提供資金，并有利于當(dāng)?shù)氐陌l(fā)展。根據(jù)空格前的定冠詞the可知，此處填入名詞development來做動詞benefits的賓語。故填development。
【63題】考查代詞。句意：生態(tài)旅游起源于20世紀(jì)70年代的環(huán)境運(yùn)動。根據(jù)空格后名詞origin可知，此處形容詞性物主代詞來修飾名詞origin。故填its。
【64題】考查固定句型。句意：直到20世紀(jì)80年代晚期才作為旅游觀念被廣泛接受。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“直到20世紀(jì)80年代晚期才作為旅游觀念被廣泛接受”，表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“not……until……”。故填until。
【65題】考查冠詞。句意：由于與環(huán)境相關(guān)的探險旅行越來越受歡迎，各種各樣的旅行現(xiàn)在被歸類為生態(tài)旅游。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)填冠詞。再結(jié)合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知，此處特指與環(huán)境相關(guān)的探險旅行越來越受歡迎，所以應(yīng)填定冠詞the。故填the。
【66題】考查介詞。句意：由于與環(huán)境相關(guān)的探險旅行越來越受歡迎，各種各樣的旅行現(xiàn)在被歸類為生態(tài)旅游。various types of 為固定搭配表示“各種各樣的”，所以空格處應(yīng)填of。故填of。
【67題】考查動名詞。句意：最大限度地減少拜訪這個地方的影響。根據(jù)空格前介詞of可知，空格處應(yīng)填動名詞形式來作介詞of的賓語。故填visiting。
【68題】考查形容詞。句意：為當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣裉峁┴斦推渌＠８鶕?jù)空后名詞aid可知，空格處應(yīng)填形容詞來修飾名詞aid，finance的形容詞形式為financial。故填financial。
【69題】考查名詞。句意：那里的活動從觀鯨到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是對自然環(huán)境影響達(dá)到很小。根據(jù)謂語動詞range可知，空格處應(yīng)填用可數(shù)名詞activity的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語。故填activities。
【70題】考查非謂語動詞。句意：那里的活動從觀鯨到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是對自然環(huán)境影響達(dá)到很小。固定短語aim to do譯為“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。
4.（2021年1月浙江卷）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (體重指數(shù)) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 28． that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 29． gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 30． (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 31． (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 32． 2. 1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 33． (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. Tn 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 34． (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 35．(sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 36． (live) in the countryside, including 37． (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.

【答案】
28．a(chǎn)nd
29．that/which
30．person’s
31．is considered
32．by
33．was
34．Studied
35．sharply
36．living
37．lower
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了如今世界各地的人體重越來越超標(biāo)，主要是由于農(nóng)村地區(qū)的體重指數(shù)（BMI）增加了，并分析了其中的原因。
28．考查連詞。句意：在一項對200個國家33年體重指數(shù)趨勢的研究中，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，世界各地的人們體重越來越重，而這主要是由于農(nóng)村地區(qū)體重指數(shù)的增加。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，是并列關(guān)系，故填and。
29．考查定語從句關(guān)系代詞。句意：BMI是一種國際公認(rèn)的測量工具，它可以顯示一個人的體重是否健康。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，tool是先行詞，且在從句中做主語，故填that/which。
30．考查名詞所有格。句意：它的計算方法是用一個人的體重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之間被認(rèn)為是健康的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，person是修飾weight的，用 person的名詞所有格person’s。故填person’s。
31．考查動詞被動語態(tài)。句意：它的計算方法是用一個人的體重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之間被認(rèn)為是健康的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子缺少謂語，主語（a BMI）是單數(shù)，時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，且主語和consider是表被動關(guān)系，故填is considered。
32．考查介詞。句意：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，1985年至2017年間，農(nóng)村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根據(jù)正常的成人BMI數(shù)值（18.5-23.9）可知，increase by符合語境，故填by。
33．考查主謂一致和動詞時態(tài)。句意：然而，在城市中，女性增加了1.3，男性增加了1.6。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子缺少謂語，主語（gain）是單數(shù)，時態(tài)是一般過去時，故填was。
34．考查非謂語動詞。句意：1985年，在被研究的國家中，超過四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于農(nóng)村地區(qū)的男性和女性。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的謂語是had，所以study用非謂語形式，它的邏輯主語是countries，表被動關(guān)系，故填studied。
35．考查副詞。句意：但30年后，許多國家城市和農(nóng)村人口的BMI差異大幅縮小。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，sharp是要修飾動詞narrow，用sharp的副詞形式sharply。故填sharply。
36．考查非謂語動詞。句意：這可能是由于生活在農(nóng)村的人有一些不利條件，包括較低的收入和教育水平，較高的健康食品成本，以及較少的體育設(shè)施。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子已有謂語動詞may be，故live用非謂語形式，它的邏輯主語是people，表主動關(guān)系，做定語，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，故填living。
37．考查形容詞比較級。句意：這可能是由于生活在農(nóng)村的人有一些不利條件，包括較低的收入和教育水平，較高的健康食品成本，以及較少的體育設(shè)施。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，including說明的是一些不利條件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列關(guān)系，所以low也應(yīng)該用比較級形式，故填lower。
5.（2021年6月浙江卷）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___36___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修復(fù)）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ___37___ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___38___ （marry）ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much ___39___ （small）than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___40___ （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ___41___ （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, ___42___ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ___43___ （plant）flowers in the front yard.
___44___ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ____45____ （sell）most of their furniture.
【答案】36. has proved/has proven
37. for
38. marriage
39. smaller
40. was painted
41. herself
42. neither
43. to plant
44. The
45. sold
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了美國總統(tǒng)林肯在伊利諾伊州斯普林菲爾德市中心的老房子的變遷歷史。
【36題】考查動詞。句意：它不像喬治華盛頓在波托馬克河畔的種植園那樣給人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利諾伊州斯普林菲爾德市中心的家，自從向公眾開放以來，就被證明對游客來說是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處作謂語動詞，Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主語；結(jié)合句意及設(shè)空處后的時間狀語從句since it opened to the public可知，此處指過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，符合現(xiàn)在完成時概念，故設(shè)空處用現(xiàn)在完成時；現(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu)是has/have +過去分詞；主語Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以助動詞用has，提示詞prove 的過去分詞形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。
【37題】考查介詞。句意：1844年，他們以1200美元的價格從查爾斯·德萊瑟手中買下了這座房子和一些土地，查爾斯·德萊瑟在1842年舉行了他們的婚禮。結(jié)合句意可知，此處考查固定短語buy sth. for +價格，意為“以……價格買某物”。故填for。
【38題】考查名詞。句意：1844年，他們以1200美元的價格從查爾斯·德萊瑟手中買下了這座房子和一些土地，查爾斯·德萊瑟在1842年舉行了他們的婚禮。結(jié)合設(shè)空前的形容詞性物主代詞可知，此處要用名詞形式；結(jié)合設(shè)空處后的ceremony，可知此處意為“婚禮”；提示詞marry意為“婚姻”，其名詞形式為marriage，marriage ceremony意為“婚禮”。故填marriage。
【39題】考查形容詞。句意：這棟房子建成時比現(xiàn)在小得多。結(jié)合設(shè)空前的much和設(shè)空后的than可知，此處考查形容詞比較級固定結(jié)構(gòu)much+比較級+than，提示詞small的比較級形式為smaller。故填smaller。
【40題】考查被動語態(tài)。句意：這個小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處作謂語動詞，The little home作主語。結(jié)合句意及常識可知，房子是“被漆”的，主語和謂語動詞之間是被動關(guān)系，所以要用被動語態(tài)；根據(jù)上文的was built可知，此處為一般過去時態(tài)；一般過去時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是was/were+過去分詞；主語The little home是單數(shù)第三人稱，所以要用was，提示詞paint的過去分詞形式是painted。故填was painted。
【41題】考查代詞。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的寫照，一切都很有品位，井井有條。根據(jù)句意可知，此處意為“她自己”，可知此處考查反身代詞；提示詞she的反身代詞是herself。故填herself。
【42題】考查連詞。句意：雖然瑪麗喜歡花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的園丁。根據(jù)句意可知，此處考查連詞結(jié)構(gòu)“neither…nor…”，意為“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
【43題】考查動詞不定式。句意：瑪麗的妹妹弗朗西絲·托德·華萊士經(jīng)常來前院種花。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處作狀語；根據(jù)句意可知，此處是目的狀語；目的狀語用動詞不定式表示；提示詞plant的不定式形式為to plant。故填to plant。
【44題】考查冠詞。句意：林肯夫婦在1856年把房子擴(kuò)大到了整整兩層，以滿足他們?nèi)找嬖鲩L的家庭的需要。根據(jù)句意可知，此處意為“林肯一家”；根據(jù)設(shè)空后的Lincolns可知，此處考查“the+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”，表示夫婦倆，或者一家人。設(shè)空處位于句首，所以首字母要大寫。故填The。
【45題】考查動詞。句意：1861年林肯當(dāng)選美國總統(tǒng)后，他們租了房子，賣掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處和前面的動詞rented一起做并列謂語；根據(jù)時間狀語1861可知，此處用一般過去時態(tài)，提示詞sell的過去式形式是sold。故填sold。
【2020年】
1.（2020·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探測器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess ___61___ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is ___62___ (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ___63___ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular ___64___ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (環(huán)形山)， more so ___65___ the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 ___66___ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it ___67___ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ___68___ (construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how ___69___ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ____70____ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【答案】61. touched 62. extremely 63. where 64. interest 65. than 66. to find
67. means 68. is constructed 69. much 70. its
【解析】這是一篇說明文。中國成為第一個將航天器降落在月球背面的國家，文章主要介紹了中國無人月球探測器嫦娥四號發(fā)射的意義。
61..考查時態(tài)。句意：無人月球探測器嫦娥四號——名字的靈感來源于古代的中國月亮女神——上周在南極艾特肯盆地著陸。此處是句子的謂語，根據(jù)時間狀語last week可知應(yīng)使用一般過去時，故填touched。
62.考查副詞。句意：登錄月球的背面是極其有挑戰(zhàn)性的?？仗幮揎椥稳菰~challenging，應(yīng)使用extreme的副詞形式，故填extremely。
63.考查定語從句。句意：中國首先必須把一顆人造衛(wèi)星送入月球軌道上的一個點(diǎn)，人造衛(wèi)星可以在這個點(diǎn)向航天器和地球發(fā)射信號。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，先行詞是a spot，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)。故填where。
64.考查名詞。句意：月球背面讓科學(xué)家尤其感興趣。根據(jù)空前的形容詞particular可知，空處應(yīng)填名詞，interest是不可數(shù)名詞，be of interest to sb.意為“(某物)使某人感興趣”。故填interest。
65.考查介詞。句意：因?yàn)樗仁煜さ囊幻嬗懈嗟纳瞽h(huán)形山。根據(jù)空前的比較級more so可知，此處填介詞than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
66.考查非謂語動詞。句意：中國的研究者希望使用嫦娥四號上的設(shè)備來發(fā)現(xiàn)和研究南極艾特肯盆地。此處表示目的，應(yīng)使用不定式作目的狀語。故填to find。
67.考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：“這真的使科學(xué)家們激動，”布朗大學(xué)的一位科學(xué)家Carle Pieters說：“因?yàn)樗馕吨覀冇袡C(jī)會獲得月球是如何構(gòu)造的信息。”根據(jù)上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此處也使用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是it，所以空處謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式means，故填means。
68.考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此處是賓語從句謂語動詞，謂語construct與主語the moon之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài)，再由上下文可知此處應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語the moon是單數(shù)，故填is constructed。
69.考查形容詞。句意：關(guān)于月亮構(gòu)成的數(shù)據(jù)，比如它含有多少水和其他財富，可以幫助中國決定它未來月球基地的計劃是否實(shí)用。ice是不可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)使用much修飾，故填much。
70.考查代詞。句意同上。根據(jù)空后的名詞plans可知，此處應(yīng)使用形容詞性物主代詞its，故填its。
2.（2020·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Deorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a ___61___ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ___62___ (carry) special significance. They represent the earth ___63___ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more ___64___ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifs and you see them many times ___65___ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. ___66___ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated ___67___ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy ___68___ (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The ___69___ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are ____70____ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
【答案】61. celebration 62. carries 63. coming 64. than 65. decorated
66. Certainly 67. with 68. to care 69. beautiful 70. the
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了用一些植物、水果和鮮花裝飾中國新年的寓意。
61.考查名詞。句意：中國新年是一個慶祝冬天的結(jié)束和春天的開始。不定冠詞a后接名詞形式。故填celebration。
62.考查主謂一致。句意：這就是為什么用植物、水果和鮮花裝飾具有特殊意義的原因。這是一個表語從句，從句主語為動名詞短語decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故填carries。
63.考查非謂語動詞。句意：它們代表著大地的復(fù)蘇和對新開端的美好祝愿。句中謂語動詞為represent，所以這里為非謂語動詞。名詞earth與come back to之間為主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。故填coming。
64.考查短語。句意：桔子樹不僅僅是裝飾品；more than不僅僅，不只是。故填than。
65.考查非謂語動詞。句意：它們是很好的禮物，你會經(jīng)常看到它們裝飾著紅包和好運(yùn)的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，與decorate之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故填decorated。
66.考查副詞。句意：當(dāng)然在假期期間，這種植物是絕對必要的事物。介詞短語做時間狀語，因此只有改變成副詞才能復(fù)合句子結(jié)構(gòu)，用副詞形式做狀語。故填Certainly。
67.考查短語。句意：竹類植物與健康、富足和幸福的家庭聯(lián)系在一起。be associated with與……相聯(lián)系。故填with。
68.考查非謂語動詞。句意：它們很容易照顧，也很適合作為禮物。這里考查“be +形容詞 + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)。故填to care。
69.考查形容詞。句意：美麗的長枝上覆蓋著粉紅色的花蕾，做成漂亮的裝飾。修飾名詞branches，用形容詞形式。故填beautiful。
70.考查冠詞。句意：雪還在融化時，梅花是第一個開花的。這里表示特指，所以序數(shù)詞first前要加定冠詞the。故填the。
3.（2020·新課標(biāo)Ⅲ）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
In ancient China lived an artist. ___61___ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (畫像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ___62___ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would. ___63___(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with ___64___ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. ___65___ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled and ___66___ (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out ___67___ (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, ___68___ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds. ___69___ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (謙卑) by the greatest artist ____70____ earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】61. whose 62. finest 63. be chosen 64. curiosity 65. When/As
66. pointed 67. to find 68. gently 69. surrounding 70. On
【解析】這是一篇記敘文。主要記敘了一位畫家畫畫栩栩如生，有一天他將畫送給宰相時，這位睿智的老人告訴他去漓江旅行——也許他可以從世界上最偉大的藝術(shù)家那里學(xué)到一些東西。畫家最后發(fā)現(xiàn)這位世界上最偉大的藝術(shù)家就是大自然母親。
61.考查定語從句。句意：中國古代有一位畫家，他的畫幾乎栩栩如生。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞artist，且先行詞在從句中作定語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose。故填whose。
62.考查最高級。句意：一天，皇帝想讓人給他畫一幅肖像，于是他把所有偉大的畫家都請來，展示他們最好的作品，以便他挑選最好的。結(jié)合句意，皇帝想要畫家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此處應(yīng)用形容詞最高級finest。故填finest。
63.考查動詞語態(tài)。句意：畫家確信他會被選中，但是當(dāng)他把他的杰作送給皇帝的宰相時，這位老人笑了。本句中主語he與謂語動詞choose構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，且would后跟動詞原形。故填be chosen。
64..考查名詞。句意：懷著好奇心，藝術(shù)家收拾行囊離開了。with為介詞，后跟名詞curiosity作賓語，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
65.考查連接詞。句意：當(dāng)他問河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到這位傳奇藝術(shù)家時，他們笑著指著河的下游。本句為時間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)……時候”，且從句中動詞asked為短暫性動作動詞，不能用while引導(dǎo)，故應(yīng)用when或as引導(dǎo)。句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填When/As。
66.考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)他問河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到這位傳奇藝術(shù)家時，他們笑著指著河的下游。根據(jù)上文they smiled and可知此處應(yīng)用一般過去時。故填pointed。
67.考查非謂語動詞。句意：第二天早上，他租了一條船，出發(fā)去找這位著名的畫家。結(jié)合句意表示“出發(fā)去做某事”短語為set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的狀語。故填to find。
68.考查副詞。句意：當(dāng)小船緩緩地沿著江面移動時，山在水中的倒影使他說不出話來。此處修飾動詞moved應(yīng)用副詞gently作狀語，表示“緩緩地”。故填gently。
69.考查非謂語動詞。句意：當(dāng)他看到霧氣從河上升起，山頂上烏云環(huán)繞，他不禁流下了眼淚。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語，surround在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式，與邏輯主語clouds構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填surrounding。
70.考查介詞。句意：這位藝術(shù)家最終被世界上最偉大的藝術(shù)家——大自然母親所折服。結(jié)合句意表示“在世界上”短語為on earth。故填on。
4.（2020·江蘇卷）請認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。
注意:請將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號的橫線上。每個空格只填一個單詞。
Humor
If you see humor as an optional form of entertainment, you’re missing some of its biggest benefits: Humor makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem entertaining. Studies show that a good sense of humor even makes you seem smarter.
Best of all, humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life. The increase of energy will even make you more willing to exercise, and that will raise your overall energy even more.
Humor also transports your mind away from your daily troubles. Humor lets you better understand life and sometimes helps you laugh at even the worst of your problems.
In my experience, most people think they have a sense of humor, and to some degree that’s true. But not all senses of humor are created equal. So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.
You don’t have to be the joke teller in the group in order to show your sense of humor. You can be the one who directs the conversation to fun topics that are ripe for others to add humor. Every party needs a straight person. You’ll appear fun and funny by association.
When it comes to in-person humor, effort counts a lot. When people see you trying to be funny, it frees them to try it themselves. So even if your own efforts at humor fall short, you might be freeing the long kept humor in others. People need permission to be funny in social settings because there’s always a risk that comes with humor. For in-person humor, quality isn’t as important as you might think. Your attitude and effort count a lot.
Some people--and I was one of them--believe that humorous complaints about the little problems of life make humor, and sometimes that is the case. The problem comes when you start doing too much complaint-based humor. One funny observation about problem in your life can be funny, but five is just complaining, no matter how smart you think you are. Funny complaints can wear people out.
Self-deprecating(自嘲式) humor is usually the safest type, but here again you don’t want to overshoot the target. One self-deprecating comment is a generous and even confident form of humor. You have to be at least a bit self-assured to laugh at yourself in front of others. But if you do it too often, you can transform in the eyes of others from a confident joker to a Chihuahua dog.
Humor
Benefits of humor
●Humor is form of ____71____. Humor can improve one’s___72___ and personality.
●Humor can make one ____73____ in his work, study, and life.
●Humor has a positive____74____ effect when we are in difficulties.
____75____to follow
●____76____ others for a conversation of fun is as good as telling a joke yourself when showing your sense of humor.
●Quality counts ____77____ than attitude and effort-even stupid joke can ____78____ others of risk and embarrassment.
Traps to ___79___
●One humorous complaint makes funny person. But too many complaints will _____80_____ your audience.
●Self-deprecating comments show one’s assurance. But too much deprecation will make a Chihuahua dog.
【答案】71. entertainment 72. appearance/look 73. energetic 74. psychological
75. Tips/Suggestions/Advice 76. Preparing 77. less 78. relieve/free
79. avoid/skip 80. bore/tire/exhaust
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幽默的好處，講遵循的技巧以及所要避開的陷阱。
71.原詞再現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)文章第一段“If you see humor as an optional form of entertainment, you're missing some of its biggest benefits( 如果你把幽默看作是一種可選的娛樂形式，你就錯過了它的一些最大的好處)”可知，幽默是一種娛樂形式。故填entertainment。
72.語意轉(zhuǎn)化題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Humor makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem entertaining. (幽默能讓相貌平平的人看起來可愛，讓不感興趣的人看起來很有趣。)”可知，幽默可以改善一個人的外表和個性。故填appearance/look。
73.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Best of all, humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life. (最重要的是，幽默能提升你的精力，這會對你在學(xué)校、工作或個人生活中所做的一切產(chǎn)生影響。)”可知，幽默能使人在工作、學(xué)習(xí)和生活中充滿活力。句中名詞energy轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞energetic故填energetic。
74.語意轉(zhuǎn)化題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Humor also transports your mind away from your daily troubles. (幽默還能使你的思維從日常煩惱中解脫出來。)”可知，幽默讓你理解生活，有時幫助你在最困難時能夠大笑?？梢酝茢喑霎?dāng)我們遇到困難時，幽默會對我們的心理產(chǎn)生影響。故填psychological。
75.原詞再現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)文章第四段“So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.(所以我覺得在日常生活中加入一些幽默技巧會很有用。)”可知，這里為幽默所要遵循的建議或技巧。故填Tips/Suggestions/Advice。
76.語意轉(zhuǎn)化題。根據(jù)文章第五段“You can be the one who directs the conversation to fun topics that are ripe for others to add humor. (你可以把談話引向有趣的話題，而這些話題已經(jīng)為其他人增添了幽默感。)”可知，這里指為他人準(zhǔn)備一場有趣的對話。所填詞中缺少主語，所以用動名詞作主語。故填Preparing。
77.語意轉(zhuǎn)化題。根據(jù)文章第六段“When it comes to in-person humor, effort counts a lot. (說到個人幽默，努力是很重要的。)”和”For in-person humor, quality isn’t as important as you might think. Your attitude and effort count a lot.( 對于面對面的幽默，質(zhì)量并不像你想象的那么重要。你的態(tài)度和努力很重要。)”可知，質(zhì)量沒有態(tài)度和努力重要。故填less。
78.原詞再現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)文章第六段“So even if your own efforts at humor fall short, you might be freeing the long kept humor in others. (所以，即使你自己的幽默努力失敗了，你也可能釋放了別人長期保持的幽默。)”可知，即使是一個愚蠢的笑話也能讓別人免于風(fēng)險和尷尬。短語relieve/free…of…免于……。故填relieve/free。
79.歸納總結(jié)題。根據(jù)表格此欄后面的內(nèi)容可知，這里是講幽默所需要避開的陷阱。故填avoid/skip。
80.語意轉(zhuǎn)化題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段”O(jiān)ne funny observation about a problem in your life can be funny, but five is just complaining, no matter how smart you think you are. Funny complaints can wear people out. (對生活中某個問題的一個有趣的觀察可能很有趣，但五個就是只有抱怨了，不管你認(rèn)為自己有多聰明。有趣的抱怨會讓人筋疲力盡。)”可知，太多的抱怨只會讓人厭煩或筋疲力盡。故填bore/tire/exhaust。
5.（2020·山東卷）閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ___36___ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ___37___ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ___38___ (form) the core collection of the British Museum ___39___ opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public ___40___ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ___41___ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模擬) and imagine ___42___ (they) living at a different time in history or ___43___(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical ___44___ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete ____45____people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
【答案】36. wealthy 37.or 38. formed 39. which/that 40. are called
41. is 42. themselves 43. walking 44. accuracy 45. for
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了博物館藏品的來源及博物館給人們帶來的好處和面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。
36.考查形容詞。句意:在18和19世紀(jì)，富人旅行并收集植物、歷史物品和藝術(shù)品。此處修飾名詞people，應(yīng)使用形容詞，做定語。故填wealthy。
37.考查連詞。句意:他們把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏變得太大或者自己去世，然后這些藏品被捐給一家博物館。根據(jù)語境可知，前后陳述的是兩者可能性，應(yīng)使用連詞or:或者。故填or。
38.考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:例如，漢斯?斯隆爵士的8萬件藏品構(gòu)成了1759年開館的大英博物館的核心藏品。此處是謂語動詞，根據(jù)時間狀語in1759可知，應(yīng)使用一般過去時。故填formed。
39.考查定語從句。句意:例如，漢斯?斯隆爵士的8萬件藏品構(gòu)成了1759年開館的大英博物館的核心藏品。此處是限定性定語從句，先行詞是the British Museum，關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)。故填which/that。
40.考查動詞時態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意:博物館對公眾開放的部分被稱為畫廊或展廳。此處描述的是客觀使用，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時；主語與call是邏輯動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài)，且主語是復(fù)數(shù)概念。故填are called。
41.考查主謂一致。句意:通常，博物館只展出一小部分藏品。此處描述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語a small part of a museum’s collection是單數(shù)概念，謂語動詞應(yīng)使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
42.考查反身代詞。句意:除了觀賞展品，游客還可以玩電腦模擬游戲，想象自己生活在一個不同的歷史時期，或者漫步在熱帶雨林中。此處指代visitors，意為“他們自己”，應(yīng)使用反身代詞。故填themselves。
43.考查非謂語動詞。句意:除了觀賞展品，游客還可以玩電腦模擬游戲，想象自己生活在一個不同的歷史時期，或者漫步在熱帶雨林中。此處與living是并列成分，共同做imagine的賓補(bǔ)，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
44.考查名詞。句意:歷史的準(zhǔn)確性很重要，但娛樂也很重要。此處做主語，位于形容詞historical之后，應(yīng)使用名詞，意為“歷史的準(zhǔn)確性”。故填accuracy。
45.考查介詞。句意:博物館必須和其他娛樂活動競爭人們的業(yè)余時間和金錢。此處是固定短語:compete for，意為: “為了……競爭”。故填for。
6.（2020·浙江卷）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ___56___ ，through agriculture. Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ___57___ could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person ___58___ hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children. And，as more children were born，more food ___59___(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ___60___(change)lives.
By about 6000 BC，people ___61___ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later，they learned to work with the ___62___ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， ___63___ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with ___64___ rise of science，changes began. New methods _____65_____ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so，these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
【答案】56. in 57. what 58. than 59. was needed 60. to change
61. had discovered 62. seasons 63. making 64. the 65. meant.
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展歷史。
56.考查介詞。句意：公元前10000年以后，人們第一次真正嘗試通過農(nóng)業(yè)來控制他們所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”應(yīng)是之前名詞the world 的定語從句，定語從句引導(dǎo)詞被省略，可推知先行詞應(yīng)是在從句中作賓語，即：they lived in the world. live in+名詞，意為“居住在某地”。故填in。
57.考查名詞性從句。句意：在幾千年的時間里，他們開始減少對我們從野外采集的獵物的依賴，而更多地依賴他們飼養(yǎng)的動物和播種的莊稼。分析句子，賓語從句部分缺主語，所以引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)為“連接代詞”。根據(jù)句意，此處缺“什么”之意。故填what。
58.考查固定搭配。句意：農(nóng)業(yè)比狩獵和采集的人均糧食產(chǎn)量更高。結(jié)合句意可知，此句中將農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)與狩獵和采集相比，應(yīng)用比較連詞than。more… than，意為“比……更”故填than。
59.考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：隨著越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，邏輯主語和need之間表示被動邏輯。同時此處描述的是過去的時間，所以時態(tài)應(yīng)用過去時。故此處應(yīng)用過去時的被動語態(tài)。food為不可數(shù)名詞。故填was needed。
60.考查非謂語動詞。句意：農(nóng)業(yè)讓人們第一次體驗(yàn)到技術(shù)改變生活的力量。分析句子，簡單句中已有動詞gave故提示詞部分需用非謂語動詞。分析句意，此處需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。
61.考查時態(tài)。句意：大約在公元前6000年，人們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了最適宜種植的莊稼和最適宜飼養(yǎng)的牲畜。分析句子，簡單句中除了提示詞外無其余動詞，故此處需用動詞的時態(tài)。邏輯主語和提示詞之間表示主動邏輯。by + 過去時間 譯為“到…為止”，后面的句子用過去完成時。故填had discovered.
62.考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：后來，他們學(xué)會了因地制宜，在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r間播種，在干旱地區(qū)，利用每年的洪水來灌溉農(nóng)田。分析句子，提示詞的詞性為為可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填seasons。
63.考查非謂語動詞。句意：后來，他們學(xué)會了因地制宜，在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r間播種，在干旱地區(qū)，利用每年的洪水來灌溉農(nóng)田。分析句子，make所處的分句中無主語，故此處需用非謂語動詞。make use of和邏輯主語they之間表示“主動”關(guān)系。所以此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式（doing）形式做狀語。故填making。
64.考查定冠詞。句意：隨著科學(xué)的崛起，事情發(fā)生了變化。with the rise of 譯為“隨著......的崛起”是固定短語。故填the。
65.考查時態(tài)。句意：新方法意味著更少的人從事農(nóng)業(yè)。分析句子，主句部分無其他動詞，故此處需填時態(tài)。文章的整體時態(tài)是過去時，根據(jù)時態(tài)一致原則此處也應(yīng)為過去時。邏輯主語和動詞之間表示主動關(guān)系。所以此處填過去時的主動形式。故填meant。
【2019年】
1. 【2019·全國卷I】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(錯覺) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【語篇解讀】本文為科普文類說明文，介紹了北極熊的生存現(xiàn)狀。
61. 【解析】考查同位語從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，主句為there be句型，且結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空格后為同位語從句，解釋說明中心詞evidence的內(nèi)容，故填that。
62. 【解析】考查副詞用法。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，此處用副詞poorly修飾謂語動詞has been studied，意為“研究很少”。故填poorly。
63. 【解析】考查介詞用法。此處tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定語，用of 連接，“methods of doing sth.”,意為“……的方法”，構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu)?；蛘咭鉃椤皩τ诟櫛睒O熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
64. 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。主系表結(jié)構(gòu)之后，常用不定式作原因或目的狀語，句意：跟蹤北極熊的現(xiàn)代方法只是在二十世紀(jì)八十年代以來開始采用，并且在如此大區(qū)域內(nèi)持續(xù)采用是昂貴的，故此處用to perform。
65. 【解析】考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文語境，尤其是時間狀語in recent years可知，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，故填have reported。
66. 【解析】考查名詞。根據(jù)其前不定冠詞和其后的同位語從句可知，空格處為名詞形式，故填belief。
67. 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)其前介詞by可知，此處用動名詞主動形式，故填noting。
68. 【解析】考查形容詞比較級。根據(jù)其后than they actually are可知，此處為形容詞的比較級，故填higher。
69. 【解析】考查定冠詞。此處為特指，意為“在已知的19個北極熊亞種群中”，故填the。
70. 【解析】考查主謂一致。根據(jù)three are declining，此處數(shù)詞six作主語，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用復(fù)數(shù)謂語，一般現(xiàn)在時，故填are。
2. 【2019·全國卷II】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's ___70___ (wonder).”
【語篇解讀】本文為記敘文。講述了九十高齡的Irene作為英國最年長的全職員工，依然在寵物店做著朝九晚五的工作，沒有退休的打算，她被頒發(fā) “年度女士”稱號。
61.being【解析】考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)其前介詞for可知，此處用動名詞形式作賓語，故填being。
62.which【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞為the pet shop，在非限制性定語從句中作opened一詞的賓語，故用which。
63.finally【解析】考查副詞用法。根據(jù)空格所處位置可知，此處應(yīng)用副詞形式作狀語，修飾謂語動詞have been acknowledged，意為“最終得以認(rèn)可”，故填finally。
64.declared【解析】考查謂語動詞。根據(jù)上下文可知，該句主語為Irene，此處為謂語成分，根據(jù)后文had 以及said 可知用一般過去時態(tài)，故填declared。
65.to retire【解析】考查不定式作定語。此處用to do sth做后置定語,用來修飾前面的名詞plan,表示“……的計劃”，故填to retire。
66.have made【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)該定語從句中的時間狀語“over the years”可知，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，句意：我喜歡到這里來看看我的家人和我這些年來交到的朋友們。故填have made。
67.but 【解析】考查并列連詞。根據(jù)句意邏輯可知，此處為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，句意：我工作不是因?yàn)槲也坏貌蛔?，而是因?yàn)槲蚁胱觥４颂幱胋ut與前文not 呼應(yīng)，構(gòu)成“不是……而是 ……”之意，故填but。
68.saying 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)其后所接的賓語從句可知，此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式saying作后置定語，解釋名詞call的內(nèi)容，call與say是主動關(guān)系，故填saying。
69.a【解析】考查冠詞用法。根據(jù)句意“我們還以為這是一個玩笑” 可知，此處joke為泛指，故填a。
70.wonderful【解析】考查形容詞作表語。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，在系動詞is之后用形容詞形式作表語，故填wonderful。
3. 【2019·全國卷III】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___66___(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ___67___(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were ___68___ (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。作者講述了他們?nèi)ハ耐亩燃偻局械慕?jīng)歷以及到了主人家后受到的禮遇，主人熱情招待他們，還在工作之余帶他們參加了很多當(dāng)?shù)氐幕顒印?br /> 61.【解析】考查副詞。句意：在我們?nèi)ツ亲孔拥穆飞希晗碌萌绱舜笠灾劣谖覀儾荒懿幌脒€要多久才能到達(dá)那里。“so…that…”意為“如此……以至于…”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。故填so。
62.【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我們作者還沒有到達(dá)那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺謂語，此處應(yīng)填非謂語動詞，故填to get。
63.【解析】考查介詞。“a pack of”意為“一群”。故填of。
64.【解析】考查定語從句。句意：它們被他們的主人訓(xùn)練地很好，它們的主人在照顧這些動物方面很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。先行詞為masters（主人），且從句缺主語。故關(guān)系詞填who。
65.【解析】考查一般過去時。句意：我們的主人跟我們分享了很多他們的經(jīng)歷并推薦了一些很好的吃飯、購物和參觀的地方?！癮nd”前后兩個動作“shared”與“recommended”是并列關(guān)系，時態(tài)一致。故填recommended。
66.【解析】考查名詞。由空格前的不定冠詞an與空格后的不定式to watch可以確定空格處應(yīng)該填名詞形式。故填competition。
67.【解析】考查形容詞?？崭裥揎椕~stories，應(yīng)用形容詞形式，tradition的形容詞為traditional，故填traditional。
68.【解析】考查副詞?？崭裉巻卧~修飾形容詞popular，應(yīng)用副詞形式，huge的副詞為hugely，故填hugely。
69.【解析】考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子時態(tài)為一般過去時。根據(jù)句意：我們被邀請去參加一場私人音樂會，所以用被動語態(tài)。主語為we，故填were invited。
70.【解析】考查分詞。本句謂語動詞為“were invited”，所以70題空格處動詞listen應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式。聽音樂這個動作是由we發(fā)出的，所以選用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。也可由and前后連接兩個并列的結(jié)構(gòu)這一規(guī)律解題，and后meeting interesting locals為分詞形式，故空格處填listening。
4. 【2019·浙江卷】
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___ (have) to worry about fashion(時尚). Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ___60___ (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades ___62___ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了學(xué)生穿校服的幾個好處。
56. has/will have【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)每個學(xué)生在校穿校服時，沒有人會擔(dān)心時尚問題。本句是when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則，因此，主句可以使用將來時will do；根據(jù)語境可知，本文敘述的是客觀事實(shí)，因此，本句亦可用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是nobody，謂語用has。故填will have/has。
57.the 【解析】考查冠詞。句意：每個人都穿相同風(fēng)格的衣服。same是形容詞，意思是“相同的”，常與the連用修飾名詞。故填the。
58. that/which 【解析】考查定語從句。這是個限制性定語從句，先行詞是cloth，指物，從句中缺少主語，因此，可以用that或which引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。
59. cycling【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：當(dāng)孩子們在黑暗的早晨步行或騎車上學(xué)時，汽車司機(jī)很容易看到它們。or連接兩個并列成分，根據(jù)or前的walking可知，此處要用cycling。故填cycling。
60. easily【解析】考查副詞。分析句式可知，設(shè)空處所給詞是修飾動詞see，修飾動詞要用副詞，因此，用easy的副詞形式。故填easily。
61. to【解析】考查介詞。句意：這個問題的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...這是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填to。
62. improved【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：美國的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在學(xué)校引入校服后，學(xué)生的成績有所提高。本句是after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，前后時態(tài)保持一致，從句使用了一般過去式，主句用一般過去式。故填improved。
63. to wear【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：但是，有一些學(xué)生不想穿學(xué)生服。want to do sth想要做某事，這是want的固定用法。故填to wear。
64. connection/connections【解析】考查名詞。句意：其他的美國研究表明校服和學(xué)校表現(xiàn)之間沒有聯(lián)系。no是形容詞，形容詞修飾名詞，位于名詞前，名詞可用復(fù)數(shù)也可用單數(shù)形式。connect是動詞，“聯(lián)系”的意思，因此，要用其名詞形式。故填connection/connections。
65. traditional【解析】考查形容詞。句意：穿校服在英國是一個傳統(tǒng)，但是一些學(xué)校開始允許學(xué)生上學(xué)不用穿校服。are是系動詞，其后常用形容詞作表語，tradition是名詞，“傳統(tǒng)”的意思，因此，用其形容詞形式。故填traditional。
5. 【2019·北京卷】
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
A
On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ___1___(voice)my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to ___3___(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。作者一年級對交友感到困惑，媽媽的話讓他受益終身。
1.voiced【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：我向媽媽表達(dá)了我最大的擔(dān)憂，“我將如何交朋友？”此處的voice是動詞，“表達(dá)”的意思，作謂語。敘述的是一年級的事情，用過去式。故填voiced。
2.facing【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：緊張地面對挑戰(zhàn)，我知道我將輕聲對自己說兩個簡單的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此處是做句子的狀語，要用非謂語動詞，其邏輯主語是I，與邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填facing。
3.myself【解析】考查代詞。句意：緊張地面對挑戰(zhàn)，我知道我將輕聲對自己說兩個簡單的字“做你自己”。本句的主語是I，當(dāng)賓語與主語是同一人稱時，賓語要用反身代詞。故填myself。
B
Earth Day，___4___(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated ___5___ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地區(qū)). No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save power—the possibilities are endless.
【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了地球日這一節(jié)日。
4.marked【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：地球日于4月22日舉行，是一項旨在提高公眾環(huán)保意識的年度活動。分析句式可知，設(shè)空處是要做名詞Earth Day的后置定語，且與其之間是被動關(guān)系，要用過去分詞。故填marked。
5.in【解析】考查介詞。句意：第一次慶祝是在1970年。如今，這一天的活動遍及190多個國家和地區(qū)。在年份前要用介詞in。故填in。
6.activities【解析】考查名詞。句意：無論你喜歡做什么，有一個方法可以讓你參與地球日的各種活動。根據(jù)設(shè)空前的various可知，此處要用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填activities。
C
Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question ___7___(suggest)that，for most students，it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go. The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life. taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(資源)，Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ___10___(meaning)college experience.
【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究表明，大學(xué)的名氣對學(xué)生來說并不重要，從大學(xué)生活中受益最多的是完全投入學(xué)術(shù)生活、充分利用大學(xué)的機(jī)會和資源的學(xué)生。所以要以正確的態(tài)度來選擇大學(xué)。
7. suggests/suggested/has suggested 【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：對于這個問題的研究表明，對于大多數(shù)學(xué)生來說，它不重要。這里表示研究的客觀結(jié)果，所以用現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時均可，故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。
8. where【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：學(xué)生在大學(xué)里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大學(xué)）更重要。這里表達(dá)去哪所大學(xué)，表示地點(diǎn)，作狀語。故用where。
9. who/that【解析】考查定語從句。句意：從大學(xué)中獲益最多的學(xué)生是那些完全投入學(xué)術(shù)生活的學(xué)生。___3___ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life.是定語從句，修飾先行詞those，空格處在句中作主語，代指人，故填who或that。
10. meaningful【解析】考查形容詞。這里與前面的healthy并列，修飾后面的名詞college experience，故此處也要用形容詞。故填meaningful。
【2018年】
1.【2018·全國卷I】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise … it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了跑步的好處，它可以幫助人們延年益壽。
61. longer　【解析】考查副詞的比較級。醫(yī)學(xué)報告顯示：經(jīng)常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根據(jù)than可知用比較級，故填longer。
62. to see 【解析】考查不定式作目的狀語。你不必跑地太快或時間太長就能看到它的好處。此處不定式作目的狀語，故填to see。
63.dying 【解析】考查動名詞。你也許喝酒、吸煙或超重，但仍然通過跑步會減少早亡的風(fēng)險。此處of是介詞，其后用動名詞。故填dying。
64.is 【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。醫(yī)學(xué)報告顯示：跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長壽命。這里敘述的是一個事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時，且主語是it，要用第三人稱單數(shù)。故填is。
65.than 【解析】考查比較句型。跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長壽命。根據(jù)文章中的more effective可知此處填than。
66.that或which 【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處a study是先行詞，其在定語從句中作主語，故填that或which。
67.causes 【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。一項研究表明，僅僅每天5到10分鐘的跑步，就能減少各種原因的心臟病和早亡。根據(jù)句意用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填causes。
68.strengthen 【解析】考查詞形變化。鍛煉以增強(qiáng)你腿上的肌肉。此處to是不定式符合，其后用動詞原形。故填strengthen。
69.energetic 【解析】考查詞形變化。跑步總是讓人充滿活力的。根據(jù)it’s可知，系動詞后用形容詞作表語。故填energetic。
70.it或running 【解析】考查代詞或名詞的用法。我們都應(yīng)該試試跑步。此處give it a try意為：試試。此處it可以指running。故填it或running。
2.【2018·全國卷I I】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文中講述了中國為保護(hù)環(huán)境在農(nóng)作物種植上做了一些變化并得到了世界上的知名人士的認(rèn)可。
61. has grown 【解析】考查時態(tài)。since加時間點(diǎn)，主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。句意：2011年以來，中國種植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
62. the【解析】考查冠詞。句意：玉米產(chǎn)量在過去25年里增長了近125%，而大米只增長了7%。故是特指在過去的25年里。故填the。
63. actually 【解析】考查副詞。句意：對肉的需求實(shí)際上是這種變化的背后原因。句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，用副詞修飾句子。故填actually。
64. to improve【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：為了改善水質(zhì)政府鼓勵農(nóng)民種植玉米而不是大米。沒有連詞可以且謂語動詞是encourages，故improve應(yīng)該用非謂語動詞。此處表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。
65. than【解析】考查連詞。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞less可知，填比較連詞。故填than。
66. pollution【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：這一轉(zhuǎn)變減少了中國較大的湖泊和水庫的污染，使人們的飲用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名詞作賓語，故填pollution。
67. global【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：中國約占全球化肥總消費(fèi)量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名詞短語，故應(yīng)該用形容詞修飾。故填global。
68.started【解析】考查謂語動詞。句意：在2005年政府開始了一項土壤測試項目。本句是when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，由于時間是2005年，故用過去時。故填started。
69. that/which【解析】考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。根據(jù)空后的謂語動詞gives可知，該空缺少主語，指代program并且引導(dǎo)后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
70. feeding【解析】考查省略句。句意：中國在養(yǎng)活了中國人民的同時又保護(hù)了環(huán)境。這一做法為全世界的農(nóng)業(yè)和糧食政策制定人提供了很有用的經(jīng)驗(yàn)?？崭裉幈硎菊谶M(jìn)行的動作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原則：在時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句中，如果從句的主語和主句的主語一致且含有be動詞時，那么可以把主語和be動詞一塊省略。故填feeding。
3.【2018·全國卷III】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
I'm not sure _____61_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____68____(they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.
61. which/who
【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：我不確定哪一個更害怕，我，還是突然出現(xiàn)的雌性大猩猩。此處為賓語從句，空格處表示選擇，所以用which表示“哪一個”
62. the
【解析】考查冠詞。此處為固定短語at the top of，此處表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
63. loudest
【解析】考查最高級。根據(jù)后面的of all可知，他聲音最大，所以用最高級loudest。
64. looking
【解析】考查動詞。動詞avoid后要加doing。此處表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。
65. challenged
【解析】考查非謂語。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示不直視他的眼睛，他就不會感到被挑戰(zhàn)性。feel為系動詞，表示“被挑戰(zhàn)”，用過去分詞challenged。
65. scientist
【解析】考查名詞。根據(jù)語境可知，我是一名科學(xué)家。scientist科學(xué)家。
67.for
【解析】考查動詞短語搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“尋找”，表示“我”在尋找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。
68. them
【解析】考查代詞。此處做find 的賓語，所以用賓格them。
69. meant
【解析】考查謂語動詞。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少謂語，再根據(jù)總體時態(tài)可知要用一般過去時，所以用meant。
70. to stay
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。固定短語allow sb to do允許某人做某事，應(yīng)該用to stay。
4.【2018·浙江卷】
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out. I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 60 (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to 61 (become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 62 (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 63 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home __65__ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
【文章大意】作者描述了人們喜歡在外面吃飯的現(xiàn)象，分析了其對身體和花費(fèi)的不良影響，建議我們在家做飯。
56. dishes
【解析】考查名詞。此處指中國菜，表示泛指應(yīng)該用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填dishes。
57. who/that
【解析】考查關(guān)系代詞。句中包含定語從句，先行詞是westerners指人，在定語從句中做主語，用關(guān)系代詞who/that引導(dǎo)，故填who/that。
58. it
【解析】考查it用法。句子為感嘆句，正常語序應(yīng)該是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主語，用it 是形式主語。故填it。
59.visiting
【解析】考查動詞形式。此處指我記得去拜訪一個在這里住了五年的朋友，表示記得做過某事用remember doing sth.， 故填visiting。
60. was shocked.
【解析】考查形容詞。此處表示我感到很震驚。shock的主語是I,用形容詞和系動詞組成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示過去發(fā)生的事，系動詞用過去式。故填was shocked。
61. have become
【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語in recent years可知用現(xiàn)在完成時，seems to后用動詞原形，故填have become。
62. affordable
【解析】考查形容詞。此處表示一周一兩次外出吃飯是負(fù)擔(dān)得起的，系動詞be后用形容詞作表語，表示“負(fù)擔(dān)得起的”故填affordable。
63. higher
【解析】考查形容詞比較級。此處修飾名詞cost用形容詞，由even表示程度修飾比較級，故填higher。
64.weight
【解析】考查名詞。此處指體重問題，用名詞修飾problems，故填weight。
65.for
【解析】考查介詞。表示去母親家去吃飯，表示目的用介詞for，故填for。
【2017年】
1.【2017·全國卷I】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（醫(yī)學(xué)界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food ___67___ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃點(diǎn)心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了對于食物中的脂肪和鹽分，人們的態(tài)度不一。脂肪和鹽分對于健康來說是必不可少的，但如果人們攝入過多的脂肪和鹽分，自身的健康將會受到損害。
61. as
【解析】考查介詞。句意：這一趨勢最初始于醫(yī)學(xué)界作為一種對抗心臟病的方法。as表示“作為，以……身份”，故填as。
62. effects
【解析】考查單復(fù)數(shù)。分析語境可知作者表達(dá)的意思是“一些不為人知的副作用”，根據(jù)前文的some可知“side effect”(副作用)有很多，故填effects。
63. to process
【解析】考查不定式。句意：他們被要求加工食物。require表示“要求”，require sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，被動形式為“sb. be required to do sth.”(某人被要求做某事)。故填to process。
64. are removed
【解析】考查被動語態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)脂肪和鹽分從食物中被去掉。分析可知fat，salt和move之間是被動關(guān)系，脂肪和鹽分是兩種東西，且是被人們?nèi)サ?，所以用被動語態(tài)。故填are removed。
65. a
【解析】考查冠詞。固定短語as a result表示“結(jié)果”。句意：結(jié)果，人們將吃更多的食物去彌補(bǔ)損失的東西。故填a。
66. worse
【解析】考查比較級。句意：更糟糕的是，人們所吃快餐的數(shù)量增加了。故填worse。
67. is
【解析】考查主謂一致。句意：快餐食物中滿是脂肪和鹽。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一類食物，為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故填is。
68. eating
【解析】考查動名詞。句意：通過吃更多的快餐，人們將在飲食中攝入超過需求量的脂肪和鹽。根據(jù)前文中的by可知此處應(yīng)該填名詞、動名詞，所以填eating。
69. careful
【解析】考查形容詞。句意：然而，注意不要走極端。分析語境可知be后面應(yīng)該用形容詞作表語，故填careful。
70. which
【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。句意：很可能攝入過多的脂肪和鹽，那對健康沒有好處。分析可知which is not good for the health為非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面的整句話。
2.【2017·全國卷I I】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __61__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___62__ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ____63___(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines ___65__(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ___66__(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using___67__ every day.
Later, engineers ____68___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ___70___(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了地鐵的最初發(fā)展史。
61.crowds
【解析】考查名詞，此處表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，crowd前沒有冠詞，且它是可數(shù)名詞，故填crowds。
62.from
【解析】考查介詞，to and from來回，故填from。
63.laying
【解析】考查動詞，這里是由and連接的三個動詞-ing形式，故填laying。
64.the
【解析】考查名詞，top是名詞，前要用冠詞，故填the.
65.were used
【解析】考查被動語態(tài)，此處表示過去的被動，故填were used。
66.fairly
【解析】考查副詞，這里fair是形容詞，pleasant也是形容詞，所以需要將fair變?yōu)楦痹~來修飾形容詞，故填fairly。
67.it
【解析】考查代詞，這里用it指代前句的railway,故填it。
68.managed
【解析】考查動詞，此處表示過去的情況，所以這里也應(yīng)用一般過去時，故填managed。
69.introduction
【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，空格前是the,后面應(yīng)該是名詞，故填名詞introduction。
70.successful
【解析】考查形容詞，空格前是most,其后要跟形容詞構(gòu)成最高級，故填successful。
3.【2017·全國卷III】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6500 a day as 62 model in New York.
Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).
She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, ＂My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.＂
【文章大意】本文主要介紹了Sarah Thomas在學(xué)業(yè)和誘人的職業(yè)面前所做出的選擇，她認(rèn)為在青少年時期要把學(xué)業(yè)放在首位。
61. resting
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。固定短語：spend time doing sth花費(fèi)時間做某事。
62. a
【解析】考查冠詞。model是可數(shù)名詞，前面沒有限定詞，而此處泛指 ＂一個＂，故填a。
63. was told / has been told
【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可判斷出謂語動詞應(yīng)該用一般過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時的被動形式，又因主語Sarah是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填was told / has been told。
64. who
【解析】考查定語從句。非限制性定語從句中缺少主語，且先行詞為Sarah，指人，要用who。
65. to prove
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。want to do sth.想要做某事。
66. education
【解析】考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞性物主代詞后面應(yīng)該接名詞形式。
67. invitations
【解析】考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。several修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填invitations。
68. in
【解析】考查介詞。in表示＂在某方面＂，獲得某項學(xué)位 ＂get a degree in…＂。
69. comes
【解析】考查動詞。根據(jù)語境可知Sarah認(rèn)為當(dāng)下應(yīng)該是學(xué)業(yè)第一，說明現(xiàn)在的情況應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時。
70. certainly
【解析】考查副詞。修飾動詞應(yīng)該用副詞形式，故填certainly。
4.【2017·浙江卷】
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.
Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. ＂She thought I had hurt 59 (I),＂says Pahlsson.
Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlsson and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. ＂I gave up hope of finding my ring again,＂ she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生長) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder.
【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了16年前的戒指失而復(fù)得的故事。
56.carrots
【解析】考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)上文的"a handful of"可知，此處表示一把小胡蘿卜，所以應(yīng)用carrot的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
57.shiny/shining
【解析】考查形容詞。根據(jù)上文的"a"及下文的名詞"object"可知，此處需要用形容詞作定語修飾名詞，故填shiny或shining。
58.so
【解析】考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。Pahlsson的尖叫聲是如此響亮以至于她的女兒從房子中跑了出來。此處是so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)，表示"如此……以至于……"。本題容易誤填such，但要注意such后面接名詞，而so后面則接形容詞或副詞。
59.myself
【解析】考查代詞。根據(jù)語境可知，hurt這一動作的發(fā)出者和承受者為同一人，故應(yīng)用I的反身代詞形式，意為"她認(rèn)為我傷了我自己"，故填myself。
60.earlier
【解析】考查副詞的比較級。此處表示"16年前"，故填earlier"……之前，先前"。
61.to cook
【解析】考查不定式。此處不定式表示"目的"，意為"去掉戒指以做飯"，故填to cook。
62.searched
【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)本段的基本時態(tài)為一般過去時及語境可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時表示發(fā)生在過去的動作，故填searched。
63.swept
【解析】考查過去分詞。根據(jù)上文的"got"及語境可知，此處應(yīng)填sweep的過去分詞形式swept，意為"被掃進(jìn)"。
64.where
【解析】考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the garden，在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語，故填where。
65.a
【解析】考查冠詞。此處表示"一個奇跡"，所以需要用不定冠詞a表泛指。
【2016年】
1.【2016·全國新課標(biāo)I】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top____61_(attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_____62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be __63___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back ____64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter__66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ____67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 學(xué)科&網(wǎng)
On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __69__( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __70____ other is with mum-she never suspects.
【答案】
61. attraction 62. was allowed 63. officially 64. to 65. when
66. permitted 67. introducing 68. its 69. days 70. the
【解析】
61．a(chǎn)ttraction 考查名詞。 形容詞top后面跟名詞形式。
62．was allowed考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意作者是被允許走近這些動物。
63．officially考查副詞。修飾動詞用副詞形式。
64．to 考查介詞。go back to “回到”。
65. when考查定語從句。后面是非限制性定語從句，從句缺少狀語，因?yàn)橄刃性~是時間，故填when。
66. permitted 考查過去分詞。被修飾的名詞和permit之間是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞。
67. introducing考查動名詞。 介詞后面應(yīng)該用動名詞形式。
68. its考查代詞。 修飾名詞用形容詞性的物主代詞，故填its。
69. days考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。Few修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
70. the考查冠詞。固定短語：one …the other“一個……另一個”。
2.【2016·全國新課標(biāo)II】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (識別)those of 41 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 45 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 50 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
【答案】41. greater 42. achievement 43. is 44. on 45. as
46. studies 47. regularly 48. a 49. to bring 50. make
【解析】本文屬于說明文，告訴我們當(dāng)工作壓力太大的時候，應(yīng)該怎么做來合理釋放壓力。
41．greater 考查比較級。本空所填之詞和比較級less是并列關(guān)系，使用相同的比較級形式greater。
42．a(chǎn)chievement 考查名詞。橫線前面有介詞of，橫線上要使用名詞achievement作of的賓語。句意：首先處理重要的事情，那么你會有成就感。
43．is 考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和主謂一致。本句中動名詞短語“Leaving... tomorrow”在句中作主語，謂語動詞使用單數(shù)形式，所以使用is。
44．on 考查固定搭配。be focused on“集中于……”，很多人早晨對任務(wù)的注意力要比晚些時候的注意力更集中。
45．a(chǎn)s 考查固定搭配。短語as...as possible“盡可能……”，正是因?yàn)槿藗冊绯康淖⒁饬Ω鼮榧?，所以我們要早起，要在午飯之前盡可能地高效。
46．studies 考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。本句的謂語動詞是show，說明主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞studies。
47．regualrly 考查副詞。副詞通常作狀語修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞，形容詞通常在句中作定語或表語修飾名詞。所以本句中使用副詞regularly作狀語修飾動詞短語take short breaks。
48．a(chǎn) 考查固定短語。介詞短語for a while一會。本句是指通過鍛煉或做一些你喜歡的事情，讓你的身體和思維休息一會。
49．to bring 考查固定短語。be likely to do sth.可能做某事。你就不太可能把工作帶回家去做，因?yàn)槟阏业搅四阆矚g做的事情。
50．make 考查祈使句。本句是祈使句，要用動詞原形。此處表示要保證它是讓你釋放壓力，而不是讓你擔(dān)憂的事。
3.【2016·全國新課標(biāo)III】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
In much of Asia,especially the so-called＂rice bowl＂ cultures of China,Japan,Korea, 41 Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long,thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic,animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might 42 (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create)special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots, 44 (use)twigs(樹枝)to remove it.Over time, 45 thepopulation grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46 (gradual)turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the 48 (develop)of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be)too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat 50 their hands.
【答案】
41.and
42.be made
43.to create
44.using
45.as/when
46.gradually
47.who
48.development
49.were
50.with
【解析】本題主要考查詞法和句法知識，集中考查了詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，并列句，定語從句，狀語從句和非謂語動詞等語法知識。
41．a(chǎn)nd考查并列連詞。這里列舉了一些亞洲的國家，它們是并列關(guān)系，故填and。
42．be made考查固定詞組。精美的筷子可能是由刻有漢字的金或銀制成的。sth. be made of…某物由……制成，情態(tài)動詞后跟動詞原形，故填be made。
43．to create考查不定式作目的狀語。技術(shù)嫻熟的工人會把各種各樣的硬質(zhì)木材和金屬結(jié)合起來，以創(chuàng)造出特殊風(fēng)格的筷子。這里用不定式表目的，故填to create。
44．using考查現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。人們可能使用大鍋煮食物，用樹枝攪拌食物，use的邏輯主語是people，兩者是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞表示伴隨狀況，故填using。
45．a(chǎn)s/when考查時間狀語從句。句意：隨著人口的增長，人們開始把食物切成小塊，這樣可以煮得快一點(diǎn)，這里是時間狀語從句，when意為＂當(dāng)……時候＂，故填as／when。
46.gradually考查副詞。副詞修飾動詞或形容詞，這里修飾動詞短語turned into，應(yīng)該用副詞，故填gradually。
47.who考查非限制性定語從句。劇中有逗號，說明是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是Confucius孔子，定語從句缺少主語，且指人，故填who。
48.development考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。the＋名詞＋of，意為“……的……”，這里指“筷子的發(fā)展”，故填development。
49.were考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指的是刀子因太暴力而不適合在餐桌上使用，believed后跟一個賓語從句，and連接了兩個并列的謂語，主語knives是復(fù)數(shù)，根據(jù)時態(tài)一致的原則，這里用一般過去時，故填were。
50.with考查介詞。句意：在印度，大部分人還是用傳統(tǒng)的吃飯方法－－用手拿，with＋表示具體工具的名詞，故填with。




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這是一份專題13 完形填空 ——【沖刺2023】高考英語考試易錯題（原卷版+解析版），文件包含教師版專題13完形填空沖刺2023高考英語考試易錯題docx、學(xué)生版專題13完形填空沖刺2023高考英語考試易錯題docx等2份試卷配套教學(xué)資源，其中試卷共110頁， 歡迎下載使用。

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