?Unit 4單元話題閱讀理解專項練習
(名校最新真題)
（2022·陜西·延安市安塞區(qū)高級中學高一期末）The Chicago Fire of 1871 was the worst disaster of the 19th century.
The fire is said to have started one evening in Mrs. O’Leary’s barn (牲口棚) on the West Side of Chicago. Several hours after she milked her cow, it kicked over an oil lamp, and the cow started the fire. We do not know if the story is true, but we do know that the fire began in a barn on the West Side.
The fire spread quickly because of the wooden buildings, a strong wind, and a dry season. The fire lasted 27 hours and spread to all parts of the city. Other cities sent 25 fire companies to help put out the fire. Federal troops (聯(lián)邦軍隊) were also used to help fight the fire and keep order, too. At last rain put out the fire.
There was a lot of damage. 90,000 people were homeless, and 18,000 buildings were destroyed. Property damage (財產(chǎn)損失) was almost 200 million dollars. In addition, about 300 people died.
People from all over the world helped Chicago by sending food and clothing. Within a month, 4,000 cottages (小屋) with two rooms had been built. In a few years, Chicago was completely rebuilt.
1．Which parts of the city were hurt by the fire?
A．The West Side. B．The South Side and the East Side.
C．The North Side. D．All sides.
2．How many people lost their lives in the fire?
A．90,000. B．18,000. C．a(chǎn)lmost 200. D．a(chǎn)bout 300.
3．People who stayed in Chicago after the fire showed__________ .
A．courage B．fear C．weakness D．laziness
4．What helped to spread and to end the fire?
A．A cow. B．Firemen. C．The weather. D．Carelessness.

（2022·甘肅·民勤縣第一中學高一階段練習）Every year there are hundreds of earthquakes in different parts of the world. In September, 1923, Tokyo and Yokohama were both destroyed by an earthquake and the fires that followed it. They had to be completely rebuilt. One of the most serious earthquakes was in China’s Shaanxi Province in 1556. It killed almost one million people and caused a lot of damage.
We measure an earthquake’s strength on the Richter Scale. The Richter Scale was introduced in 1935 in Southern California in the USA．It measures earthquakes on a scale of one to ten. Any earthquake measuring five or more is usually serious.
The Earths’ crust(地殼)is made up of layers of rock called plates. As these plates move, they sometimes crash against each other, causing the crust to quake. In cities such a Tokyo, where small quakes happen quite often, many modern buildings are designed to be flexible(可變動的), so when the Earth moves, they move with it.
Earthquakes can also break up gas and oil pipes. This can cause fires to break out, which can do as much damages as the earthquake itself.
Another effect of earthquakes is tsunamis(海嘯). These are huge waves created by earthquakes beneath the sea. They can be many metres high and cause great damage to coastal towns and cities. Japan, Russia and the USA have the highest occurrence(發(fā)生)of earthquakes in the world.
5．The passage is mainly about ______.
A．scientists who study earthquakes. B．the way of measuring earthquakes.
C．a(chǎn) usual natural disaster—earthquakes. D．what people should do in the earthquake.
6．Which of the following statements about the earthquake in Shaanxi Province is NOT true?
A．It happened in 1556. B．It killed almost one million people.
C．In caused a lot of damage. D．It was followed by fires.
7．Why are modern buildings in Tokyo built to be flexible?
A．To prevent the crust from quaking. B．To stop the plates from moving.
C．To measure earthquakes. D．To move with the Earth.
8．According to the passage we know that tsunamis________.
A．can cause earthquakes. B．a(chǎn)re caused by earthquakes.
C．only happen on land. D．a(chǎn)re a way of measuring earthquakes.

（2021·湖南·華容縣教育科學研究室高一期末）Having lived in California until 1970, my family has felt a number of earthquakes. We have been fortunate, however, to have suffered no bodily harm or property (財產(chǎn)) damage.
There is a website that lists all California earthquakes recorded from 1769 to the present. The site lists the dates and times as well as the magnitude (震級) and the exact location of any quake that measured more than 6.0. There are only a few quakes that stand out in my memory and, luckily, none is shown in the website. So, my personal experience with earthquakes might be considered insignificant (微不足道).
There are three earthquakes that are difficult to forget. The first one was in 1955 and our oldest daughter was walking with me in our backyard in Redwood City in California. As the shaking became stronger I held her to me with one arm as I held on to one of our fruit trees with the other.???All three of us (my daughter, I and the tree) shook for two or three minutes that to us felt like hours.
The second one was in 1963. Our entire family was visiting Disneyland in Southern California. The earth started to shake just as we were beginning to walk from our hotel toward the famous landmark.
My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California. It was in my sixties and I was alone in an old church. As the building started to shake, I quickly headed for the door to go outside. I remember I said a little prayer-something like, “Help me get out of here in time, Dear Heavenly Father”．Minutes later, I was safe outside.
9．The author writes the passage mainly to tell us about________.
A．a(chǎn) new film about an earthquake B．how to survive an earthquake
C．his three earthquake experiences D．how to save children in an earthquake
10．The earthquakes the author has experienced________.
A．a(chǎn)ll caused bodily harm B．a(chǎn)re all recorded in a website
C．a(chǎn)ll measured more than 6.0 D．a(chǎn)ll happened in California
11．When the first earthquake happened, the author________.
A．was staying with his daughter B．was planting fruit trees
C．was working D．was in a hotel
12．What does the underlined part “the famous landmark” refer to?
A．A church. B．Disneyland.
C．A building destroyed by an earthquake. D．The place where the author was born.

（2022·遼寧·高一期末）Air-crash investigators (空難調查員) Larry Vance and Anthony Brickhouse have details from certain jobs rooted in their memories. They could tell exact dates, locations, and fight numbers effortlessly Vance’s “big one” is Swiss Air Flight 11 in 1998. He was put in the position of dealing with all the families from very early on, many of whom held the hope that their relatives could have survived. All 229 passengers and crew died. Burning fabric; burning flesh. The smell catches in your throat, and stays in your mind long after you’ve left the scene. Investigations can take anywhere from days to years.
What can affect people in these jobs is the ongoing emotional damage, said Vivien Lee, a psychologist. But mental health assistance is often lacking within the industry. Evidence suggests that investigators, like first responders, can suffer from negative emotional effects, including frequent thoughts and PTSD (創(chuàng)傷后應激障礙) .
“One emotion of losing relatives is anger,” Brickhouse reflected. “And they’re looking to you to figure out what happened to their loved ones.” Depending on the size of the crash, that anger can come alongside a lot of international media attention.
But more often, Vance said, the questions he faces are perhaps even tougher to answer than what caused the crash. “How did my loved one die? What were they feeling? What were they seeing?” And tougher still: “Were they suffering?”
Listening to the black box recordings takes an emotional damage. He said it was more unbearable by knowing that he’s listening to the final minutes of someone’s life. Some people in his industry listen to a black box recording once and choose to never do it again, he said.
The knowledge that they’re doing an essential job can make the tougher aspects of the work a little easier. “The end result of your work is that you try to make the world a safer place, so that this doesn’t happen to somebody else,” Vance said.
13．What can be inferred about the air-crash investigators?
A．They often get throat problems. B．They must have good memories.
C．They experienced the same accident. D．They have to deal with many difficulties.
14．What should be done to help the air-crash investigators?
A．Helping them avoid air crashes. B．Sending first respondents with them.
C．Offering qualified psychologists. D．Teaching them how to communicate.
15．What is the most difficult part in Vance’s job?
A．Finding the black box. B．Answering the questions.
C．Smelling the burning things. D．Investigating the cause of the crash.
16．Which word can be used to describe the air-crash investigators?
A．Generous. B．Easy-going. C．Self-giving. D．Independent.

（2022·青海西寧·高一期末）A 6.2-magnitude earthquake hit the Northern California coast on Monday, bringing significant shaking but likely slight damage to the less-populated area.
The earthquake occurred just after noon and was centered off the coast about 337 kilometers northwest of San Francisco, just off a tiny town called Petrolia that’s home to fewer than 1,000 people. The nearest population center, Eureka, is about 72 kilometers north. That left only about 25,000 people in the range of strong or very strong shaking, according to the US Geological Survey (USGS), though residents as far away as Sacramento and the San Francisco Bay Area reported feeling trembling.
The Humboldt County Sheriff’s office of emergency services closed a few roads. The USGs said the earthquake caused losses about less than $ 10 million and no deaths had been reported. The area last suffered an earthquake of a similar magnitude in 1993, when one person died.
“The shaking lasted for about 20 seconds. Glass bottles fell off the shelves at the store, breaking into pieces on the floor, but no one was hurt,” Petrolia General Store manager Jane Dexter said. “It was bigger than anything I’ve felt in my life, ” she added.
California’s Office of Emergency Services (OES) said 2,500 people were told about the earthquake before shaking began through the state’s early warning system called My Shake. “It is a very useful tool to announce warning tips. It saved us indeed. Yet, we still have to remain very careful...as large aftershocks (余震) will occur along the North Coast over the next few days, ” OES Director Mark Ghilarducci said in a statement.
17．What can we learn about the earthquake on Monday?
A．It occurred on the Northern California coast.
B．It brought significant damage to the area.
C．It caused strong shaking in the whole nation.
D．It destroyed a small town completely.
18．What can we infer from Jane Dexter’s words?
A．The store had to be rebuilt.
B．She never felt such a big earthquake.
C．Some workers got badly injured.
D．No one would go shopping at the store.
19．What is Mark Ghilarducci’s advice for people in California?
A．Unloading the warning system.
B．Keeping staying in shelters.
C．Working from home over the next few days.
D．Watching out for the aftershocks.
20．Where is this text most likely from?
A．A weather forecast. B．A lab report.
C．A news report. D．A travel guide.

（2022·四川廣安·高一期末）For decades, climate scientists have named hurricanes and ranked them according to the damage. “Naming and categorizing (把……歸類) heat waves is also a must,” states a newly formed international union, called the Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance. “Hurricanes get attention because they cause obvious physical damage,” says Jennifer Marlon, a climate scientist at Yale University. Heat waves, however, have less evident effects, since the primary damage is to human health.
Heat waves kill more people in the United States than any other weather-related disaster. Data from the National Weather Service show that from 1986 to 2019, there were 4,257 deaths as a result of heat. By comparison, there were fewer deaths by floods (2,907), tornadoes (2,203) or hurricanes (1,405) over the same period. What’s more, climate change is increasing the possibility of high temperature events worldwide, getting tens of thousands of people dying each year because of heat.
Some populations are particularly easily harmed by high heat, including people over 65 and those with potential medical conditions. Historical racial discrimination also puts minority communities at higher risk. Due to housing policies, they are more likely to live in urban areas, heat islands which lack green spaces that help cool down neighborhoods.
Part of the naming and ranking process will include defining exactly what a heat wave is. No single definition currently exists. Without a universally accepted definition of a heat wave, “We don’t have a common understanding of the danger we face,” says Aaron Bernstein, an expert of the new group. “Defined categories for heat waves could help local officials better prepare to deal with potential health problems in the face of rising temperatures. And naming and categorizing heat waves could increase public awareness of the health risks caused by these silent killers.”
The union is having conversations with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the World Meteorological Organization and other institutions to develop a standard naming and ranking practice.
21．What do we know about the heat wave in America?
A．It causes most serious physical damage.
B．It has got more attention in recent years.
C．It kills more people than other natural disasters.
D．It is the biggest killer among weather-related disasters.
22．Why are minority populations easily harmed by heat waves?
A．They live in poorly-built houses. B．They lack good medical resources.
C．They have less access to green spaces. D．They are limited in their movements.
23．What is the author’s attitude towards the expert mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A．Supportive. B．Negative.
C．Conservative (保守的) D．Objective.
24．What does the text intend to tell us about heat waves?
A．They also kill lives like hurricanes. B．They should have names like hurricanes.
C．Climate change is affecting them greatly. D．Measures should be taken to prevent them.

（2022·四川遂寧·高一期末）Do you know how to prepare for and survive a major earthquake? According to Department of Conservation scientists, it is important to have the right answer to that question.
How to Be Prepared
Electricity, water, gas (煤氣) and telephones may not be working after an earthquake. The police and fire departments are likely to be tied up. You should be prepared to fend for yourself for at least three days, preferably for a week. You’ll need food, water and so on. It’s also a good idea to decide ahead of time how and where your family will reunite if separated during a quake. You might choose an out-of-the-area friend or relative that family members can call to check on you.
If you’re indoors, stay there. Get under a desk or table. The kitchen is a particularly dangerous spot. If you’re in an office building, stay away from windows and outside walls and do not use the elevator. If you’re outside, get into the open. Stay clear of buildings, power lines or anything else that could fall on you. If you’re driving, move the car out of traffic and stop. Avoid parking under or on bridges or overpasses.
After an Earthquake
Check for fire. If you smell gas, shut off the main gas valve(閥). If there’s sign of damage to electrical wiring, shut off the power at the control box. If the phone is working, only use it in case of emergency (緊急情況). Avoid driving if possible to keep the streets clear for emergency vehicles. Be careful that things may fall out of cupboards when the door is opened, and also that chimneys can be weakened and fall with just a touch. Listen to the radio for important information and instructions. Remember that aftershocks, sometimes large enough to cause damage in their own right, generally follow large quakes. If you leave home, leave a message telling your friends and family your location.
25．The underlined phrase “fend for” in the second paragraph probably means “_______”．
A．look for B．take care of
C．be proud of D．think of
26．What should you do when an earthquake happens?
A．You should stay away from the kitchen.
B．You should drive on a bridge.
C．You should turn off the power.
D．You should listen to the radio frequently.
27．According to the passage, why doesn’t the author advise driving after an earthquake?
A．Because it is dangerous to drive as there will be aftershocks.
B．Because your car will be easily damaged in the streets full of blocks.
C．Because you should make way for emergency vehicles.
D．Because you can’t find a place to park your car.
28．What will probably happen after a big earthquake?
A．The local people’s life will return to normal in a week.
B．There will be more earthquakes occurring.
C．There won’t be any earthquakes in a short time.
D．The local people will stay at home waiting for help.

（2022·安徽宣城·高一期末）Rivers are very important. Humans rely on them for food and water. But rivers can destroy things, too. They can flood, or rise over their banks, making the water run into the nearby land. Floods can also kill humans and wildlife. However, floods are not always bad. Some ecosystems need them every once in a while.
Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats. For example, a flood in India in 2012 killed many one－h(huán)orned rhinos. Flood waters can pick up dirt from riverbanks, which makes the water dirty. Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams, preventing the river from flowing. Sometimes flood waters can carry pollution to the sea and harm marine life. In addition, flood waters can carry disease, including hepatitis A and cholera.
However, not everything about floods is bad. Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems. Flood waters carry nutrients to the nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles (微粒) of dirt and mud. The particles are called sediment(沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and helps plants grow. Floods are important to some animals as well. For instance, some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate. Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat. Moreover, in dry seasons, water might dry up, but floods help refill the wetlands, keeping the ecosystem going.
Floods are a part of nature. They can destroy living things and the environment. But some ecosystems need floods to survive.
29．What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in paragraph 2?
A．become B．pollute C．block D．develop
30．How do floods help ecosystems?
A．Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer.
B．Floods make all the animals migrate more easily.
C．Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals.
D．Floods can improve the dirt and help plants grow.
31．What’s the main idea of paragraph 3?
A．The way in which floods feed animals. B．The benefits of floods to ecosystems.
C．An effective means of improving soil. D．The reason for people’s appreciating floods.
32．What’s the best title of this article?
A．The Many Effects of Flooding. B．The Secret of Flooding.
C．Floods－Not Everything Is So Bad. D．Floods－a Part of Nature.


參考答案：
1．D2．D3．A4．C
【導語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了1871年的芝加哥大火是19世紀最嚴重的災難。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“The fire lasted 27 hours and spread to all parts of the city.”（大火持續(xù)了27個小時，蔓延到城市的所有地方。）可知，城市的各個地方都被大火燒毀了。故選D項。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“In addition, about 300 people died.”（此外，大約300人死亡。）可知，大約300人在火災中喪生。故選D項。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“People from all over the world helped Chicago by sending food and clothing. Within a month, 4,000 cottages with two rooms had been built. In a few years, Chicago was completely rebuilt.”（來自世界各地的人們給芝加哥送去食物和衣服。不到一個月，就建成了4000間兩室的小屋。幾年后，芝加哥完全重建了。）故可推知，火災發(fā)生后留在芝加哥的人們表現(xiàn)出了勇氣。故選A項。
4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“The fire spread quickly because of the wooden buildings, a strong wind, and a dry season.”（由于木制建筑、強風和干燥的季節(jié)，火勢迅速蔓延。）以及“At last rain put out the fire.”（最后雨把火撲滅了。）可知，是天氣幫助火勢蔓延并結束了火勢。故選C項。
5．C6．D7．D8．B
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了每年世界都會發(fā)生數(shù)百次的地震，有些造成了嚴重的破壞和損失。地震不僅會破壞天然氣和石油管道，帶來火災，而且還可能引發(fā)海嘯，造成巨大的破壞。而人們是通過里氏震級來衡量地震強度的。
5．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“Every year there are hundreds of earthquakes in different parts of the world.(每年在世界不同的地方都會發(fā)生數(shù)百次地震。)”以及第二段的“We measure an earthquake’s strength on the Richter Scale.(我們用里氏震級來測量地震的強度。)”以及第三段的“The Earths’ crust(地殼)is made up of layers of rock called plates. As these plates move, they sometimes crash against each other, causing the crust to quake.(地殼由稱為板塊的巖石層組成。當這些板塊移動時，它們有時會相互碰撞，導致地殼震動。)”以及第四段“Earthquakes can also break up gas and oil pipes. This can cause fires to break out, which can do as much damages as the earthquake itself.(地震也會破壞天然氣和石油管道。這可能導致火災的發(fā)生，其破壞力不亞于地震本身。)”以及第五段的“Another effect of earthquakes is tsunamis(海嘯).(地震的另一個影響是海嘯。)”可知，文章介紹了世界每年常發(fā)生的地震以及其形成過程、帶來的破壞和影響等等，因此可知本文主要介紹地震這種常見的自然災害。故選C項。
6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“One of the most serious earthquakes was in China’s Shaanxi Province in 1556. It killed almost one million people and caused a lot of damage.(最嚴重的地震之一發(fā)生在1556年的中國陜西省。它奪去了近一百萬人的生命，造成了巨大的損失。)”可知，1556年發(fā)生在中國陜西省的地震是最嚴重的地震之一，使近一百萬人喪命，帶來了巨大的損失，但是文中并沒有提到說帶來火災，因此D項“It was followed by fires.(隨之而來的是火災。)”不符合原文語意。故選D項。
7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“In cities such a Tokyo, where small quakes happen quite often, many modern buildings are designed to be flexible(可變動的), so when the Earth moves, they move with it.(在像東京這樣經(jīng)常發(fā)生小地震的城市，許多現(xiàn)代建筑被設計成可變動的，所以當?shù)厍蛞苿訒r，它們也會跟著移動。)”可知，因為東京經(jīng)常發(fā)生地震，所以其許多建筑物被建成很可變動的，這樣如果發(fā)生地震，它們可以隨著地球震動而移動，就可以減輕地震帶來的破壞，因此可知，其建筑物設計的目的就是隨地球而動。故選D項。
8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Another effect of earthquakes is tsunamis(海嘯). These are huge waves created by earthquakes beneath the sea.(地震的另一個影響是海嘯。這些是海底地震產(chǎn)生的巨浪。)”可知，地震也會造成海嘯，尤其當海底爆發(fā)地震時，就會產(chǎn)生巨浪，而這些巨浪就是我們所了解的海嘯。故選B項。
9．C10．D11．A12．B
【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者講述了自己在加州所經(jīng)歷的三次地震的情況。
9．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“There are three earthquakes that are difficult to forget. The first one was in 1955 and our oldest daughter was walking with me in our backyard in Redwood City in California.”（有三次地震讓人難以忘懷。第一次是在1955年，我們的大女兒和我一起在加州雷德伍德市我們家的后院散步。）；根據(jù)第四段第一句“The second one was in 1963.”（第二次是在1963年。）；根據(jù)第五段第一句“My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California.”（我的第三次地震經(jīng)歷是獨自一人在加利福尼亞的一次地震。）可知，作者主要向讀者介紹了自己所經(jīng)歷的三次地震的情況。故選C項。
10．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句和第二句“There are three earthquakes that are difficult to forget. The first one was in 1955 and our oldest daughter was walking with me in our backyard in Redwood City in California.”（有三次地震讓人難以忘懷。第一次是在1955年，我們的大女兒和我一起在加州雷德伍德市我們家的后院散步。）；根據(jù)第四段第一句和第二句“The second one was in 1963. Our entire family was visiting Disneyland in Southern California.”（第二次是在1963年。我們全家去了南加州的迪士尼樂園。）；根據(jù)第五段第一句“My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California.”（我的第三次地震經(jīng)歷是獨自一人在加利福尼亞的一次地震。）可知，三次地震都發(fā)生在加利福尼亞。故選D項。
11．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“ The first one was in 1955 and our oldest daughter was walking with me in our backyard in Redwood City in California.”（第一次是在1955年，我們的大女兒和我一起在加州雷德伍德市我們家的后院散步。）由此可知，第一次地震發(fā)生時，作者和女兒待在一起。故選A項。
12．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Our entire family was visiting Disneyland in Southern California. Our entire family was visiting Disneyland in Southern California. The earth started to shake just as we were beginning to walk from our hotel toward the famous landmark.” （我們全家都去了南加州的迪士尼樂園。就在我們正要從旅館走向the famous landmark的時候，大地開始搖晃起來）可知，作者和家人去的是迪士尼樂園。因此“the famous landmark”是指Disneyland。故選B項。
13．D14．C15．B16．C
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了空難調查人員的工作內容和他們所面臨的困境。
【詳解】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句“He was put in the position of dealing with all the families from very early on, many of whom held the hope that their relatives could have survived.(他從一開始就被置于與所有家庭打交道的境地，這些家庭中的許多人都希望自己的親人能夠活下來)”及第六句“The smell catches in your throat, and stays in your mind long after you've left the scene.(這種氣味會哽在你的喉嚨里，在你離開現(xiàn)場很久之后還會留在你的腦海里)”可知，空難調查員從一開始就被置于與所有家庭打交道的位置上，這些家庭中的許多人都抱著親人生還的希望；空難現(xiàn)場的氣味在你的喉嚨里卡住，即使你離開現(xiàn)場，也會在你的腦海里停留很長時間。由此推知，空難調查員的工作要承受生理和心理的壓力。故選D項。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“But mental health assistance is often lacking within the industry.(但該行業(yè)往往缺乏心理健康援助)”可知，空難調查員行業(yè)往往缺乏心理健康援助，他們要承受持續(xù)的情感傷害，即他們需要的是專業(yè)的心理醫(yī)生。故選C項。
3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段的句子“...the questions he faces are perhaps even tougher to answer than what caused the crash.(他面臨的問題可能比墜機原因更難回答)”和這些問題“How did my loved one die? What were they felling? What were they seeing?(我的愛人是怎么死的?他們的感覺是什么?他們看到了什么?)”，“Were they suffering?(他們受苦了嗎?)”可知，更多的時候，Vance面臨的問題可能比引發(fā)危機的原因更難以回答。故選B項。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段第二句“Some people in his industry listen to a black box recording once and choose to never do it again, he said.(他說，在他的行業(yè)里，有些人只聽過一次黑匣子錄音，就選擇再也不聽了)”及最后一段最后一句“The end result of your work is that you try to make the world a safer place, so that this doesn't happen to somebody else.(你工作的最終結果是讓世界變得更安全，這樣這種事就不會發(fā)生在其他人身上)”可知，當空難調查員知道自己在聆聽某人生命的最后幾分鐘時，這項事業(yè)變得更加難以忍受，但是他們試圖讓世界變得更安全，這樣空難就不會發(fā)生在其他人身上，因此他們依然堅持這項困難的工作。由此推知，他們是無私的。故選C項。
17．A
18．B
19．D
20．C

【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。主要報道了周一在北加州海岸發(fā)生了一場6.2級地震，造成了嚴重的震動，可能對這個人口較少的地區(qū)造成輕微損害。
17．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“A 6.2-magnitude earthquake hit the Northern California coast on Monday, bringing significant shaking but likely slight damage to the less-populated area. (周一，一場6.2級地震襲擊了北加州海岸，造成了嚴重的震動，但可能對這個人口較少的地區(qū)造成輕微損害。)”可知，這場地震發(fā)生在北加州海岸。故選A。
18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段““The shaking lasted for about 20 seconds. Glass bottles fell off the shelves at the store, breaking into pieces on the floor, but no one was hurt,” Petrolia General Store manager Jane Dexter said. “It was bigger than anything I’ve felt in my life, ” she added.(地震持續(xù)了大約20秒。Petrolia百貨商店經(jīng)理Jane Dexter說：“玻璃瓶從商店的貨架上掉下來，在地板上摔成了碎片，但沒有人受傷?！彼a充說：“這是我一生中從未有過的感覺?！?”可在，Jane Dexter從未經(jīng)歷過這么嚴重的地震。故選B。
19．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段““It is a very useful tool to announce warning tips. It saved us indeed. Yet, we still have to remain very careful… as large aftershocks (余震) will occur along the North Coast over the next few days, ” OES Director Mark Ghilarducci said in a statement.(“這是一個非常有用的系統(tǒng)來宣布警告提示。它確實拯救了我們。然而，我們仍然必須非常小心……因為未來幾天北海岸沿線將發(fā)生大余震。”O(jiān)ES主任Mark Ghilarducci在一份聲明中說。)”可知，Mark Ghilarducci建議人們小心余震。故選D。
20．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“A 6.2-magnitude earthquake hit the Northern California coast on Monday, bringing significant shaking but likely slight damage to the less-populated area. (周一，一場6.2級地震襲擊了北加州海岸，造成了嚴重的震動，但可能對這個人口較少的地區(qū)造成輕微損害。)”可知，文章在第一段就言簡意賅地說明了文章主要內容；第二段詳細介紹了地震發(fā)生的地區(qū)，第四段還有人物采訪。這是很典型的新聞報道。故選C。
21．D
22．C
23．A
24．B

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了有關組織和科學家表示，高溫應該像颶風一樣進行命名，也介紹了高溫所帶來的危害和對高溫進行命名和分類會帶來的好處。
21．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Heat waves kill more people in the United States than any other weather-related disaster.(在美國，熱浪造成的死亡人數(shù)比其他任何與天氣有關的災難都要多)”可知，在美國，熱浪是與天氣有關的災害中最大的殺手。故選D。
22．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Historical racial discrimination also puts minority communities at higher risk. Due to housing policies, they are more likely to live in urban areas, heat islands which lack green spaces that help cool down neighborhoods.(歷史上的種族歧視也使少數(shù)族裔社區(qū)面臨更高的風險。由于住房政策的原因，他們更有可能生活在城市地區(qū)，這些熱島地區(qū)缺乏有助于冷卻社區(qū)的綠地。)”可知，少數(shù)民族容易受到高溫的傷害因為他們很少接觸綠色空間。故選C。
23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Part of the naming and ranking process will include defining exactly what a heat wave is. No single definition currently exists. Without a universally accepted definition of a heat wave, “We don’t have a common understanding of the danger we face,” says Aaron Bernstein, an expert of the new group. “Defined categories for heat waves could help local officials better prepare to deal with potential health problems in the face of rising temperatures. And naming and categorizing heat waves could increase public awareness of the health risks caused by these silent killers.””(命名和排名過程的一部分將包括準確定義什么是熱浪。目前還不存在單一的定義。沒有一個普遍接受的熱浪的定義，“我們對我們面臨的危險沒有一個共同的理解，”新小組的專家Aaron Bernstein說?！按_定熱浪類別可以幫助當?shù)毓賳T在氣溫上升的情況下更好地準備應對潛在的健康問題。對熱浪進行命名和分類可以提高公眾對這些無聲殺手造成的健康風險的意識。”)”可知，作者認為高溫應該進行命名和排名，所以對第四段中提到的專家的態(tài)度是支持的。故選A。
24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“For decades, climate scientists have named hurricanes and ranked them according to the damage. “Naming and categorizing（把……歸類）heat waves is also a must,” states a newly formed international union, called the Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance. “Hurricanes get attention because they cause obvious physical damage,” says Jennifer Marlon, a climate scientist at Yale University. Heat waves, however, have less evident effects, since the primary damage is to human health.(幾十年來，氣候科學家們一直根據(jù)破壞程度給颶風命名并排序。“對熱浪進行命名和分類也是必須的，”一個新成立的國際聯(lián)盟極端抗熱能力聯(lián)盟（Extreme heat Resilience Alliance）表示。耶魯大學氣候科學家詹妮弗·馬龍說:“颶風之所以受到關注，是因為它們造成了明顯的物理損害?！比欢瑹崂说挠绊懖惶黠@，因為它的主要損害是人體健康。)”并結合文章主要說明了有組織和科學家表示，高溫應該像颶風一樣進行命名，高溫所帶來的危害和對高溫進行命名和分類會帶來的好處可知，這篇文章想告訴我們高溫應該像颶風一樣有名字。故選B。
25．B
26．A
27．C
28．B

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講了在地震發(fā)生前如何做準備；地震發(fā)生時以及地震發(fā)生后應該采取什么措施。
25．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二自然段“You’ll need food, water and so on.(你需要食物、水等等。)”可知，你需要食物和水等來照顧好自己，由此可知，劃線短語所在句子的意思是“照顧” A. look for尋找；B. take care of照顧；C. be proud of以……為自豪；D. think of考慮。故選B。
26．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三自然段“If you’re indoors, stay there. Get under a desk or table. The kitchen is a particularly dangerous spot.(如果你在室內，就呆在那里。躲到桌子下面。廚房是一個特別危險的地方。)”可知，地震發(fā)生時，要遠離廚房。故選A。
27．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四自然段“Avoid driving if possible to keep the streets clear for emergency vehicles.(盡可能避免駕駛，以保持街道暢通，以便緊急救援車輛通行。)”可知，作者不建議在地震發(fā)生后開車是因為你應該給應急車輛讓路。故選C。
28．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四自然段“Remember that aftershocks, sometimes large enough to cause damage in their own right, generally follow large quakes.(請記住，余震通常是在大地震之后發(fā)生的，有時余震本身就足以造成損害。)”可知，在大地震后將會有更多的地震發(fā)生。故選B。
29．C
30．A
31．B
32．D

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了作為大自然的一部分，洪水對于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)既有好處也有壞處。
29．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Flood waters can pick up dirt from riverbanks, which makes the water dirty.(洪水會從河岸上吸收泥土，從而使水變臟。)”以及“Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams, preventing the river from flowing.(太多的泥土會clog河流和溪流，阻止河水流淌。)”可知，洪水會沿途吸收泥土，而太多的泥土會堵塞河道，以至于河水流淌出現(xiàn)困難。由此可推測此處的clog的意思應該是“堵塞”。故選C項。
30．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“However, not everything about floods is bad. Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems. Flood waters carry nutrients to the nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles (微粒) of dirt and mud. The particles are called sediment(沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and helps plants grow.(然而，洪水并非一無是處。有時它們會給生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來新的生命。洪水把營養(yǎng)物質帶到附近的土地上。隨著時間的推移，水會干涸，留下灰塵和泥土的顆粒。這些顆粒被稱為沉積物，它可以很好地改善土壤，幫助植物生長。)”可知，洪水沿途所攜帶的營養(yǎng)物質可以使土壤更豐富，從而更好地幫助生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選A項。
31．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“However, not everything about floods is bad. Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems.(然而，洪水并非一無是處。有時它們會給生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來新的生命。)”以及“Floods are important to some animals as well.(洪水對一些動物也很重要。)”以及“Moreover, in dry seasons, water might dry up, but floods help refill the wetlands, keeping the ecosystem going.(此外，在旱季，水可能會干涸，但洪水有助于為濕地補充水分，保持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)繼續(xù)運轉。)”可知文章第三段主要講的是洪水對于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的好處。故選B項。
32．主旨大意題。通讀全文可以看到文章前兩段主要講洪水對于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的不利的方面，第三段主要講洪水對于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的益處，文章最后一段“Floods are a part of nature. They can destroy living things and the environment. But some ecosystems need floods to survive.(洪水是自然的一部分。它們可以破壞生物和環(huán)境。但一些生態(tài)系統(tǒng)需要洪水才能生存下來。)”總結全文，點明主題——洪水是大自然的一部分。所以“洪水是大自然的一部分”作為標題最合適。故選D項。


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