專題07 語法無憂 名詞、代詞心中有 名詞一、可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞分單、復數(shù)兩種形式desk→desksbus→buses沒有復數(shù)形式teameat前面可用基數(shù)詞、不定冠詞修飾three boysan orange不可以被基數(shù)詞和不定冠詞直接修飾,若表示數(shù)量可用單位詞+不可數(shù)名詞a piece of papertwo cups of tea可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)前可用many, some, any 修飾many teacherssome friends可用much, some, any修飾much breadsome milk 特例清單有些名詞既是可數(shù)名詞,又是不可數(shù)名詞,但意義有所不同work(工作)—a work(著作)   glass(玻璃)—a glass(玻璃杯)   paper()—a paper(報紙;文件;試卷)tea()—a tea(一種茶)(表示種類)   wood(木頭)—a wood(小樹林)   room(空間)—a room(房間)chicken(雞肉)—a chicken(小雞)   light(光,光線)—a light(電燈)   fish(魚肉)—fishes(各種各樣的魚)exercise(鍛煉,運動)—exercises(習題)   life(生活)—lives(生命)   orange(橘子汁)—an orange(橘子)time(時間)—times(倍,次數(shù))   hand(幫助)—a hand()   radio(無線電)—a radio(收音機)  二、可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式情況構成方法例詞一般情況-scap→caps dog→dogs bike→bikes driver→drivers以字母s, sh, ch, x等結尾-esbus→buses       wish→wishes watch→watches   box→boxes以輔音字母+y結尾yi再加-eslady→ladies century→centuries family→families  story→storiesffe結尾一般變f, fev,再加-esleaf→leaves   life→liveshalf→halves   knife→kniveso結尾o前為輔音音素時加-es, o前為元音音素時加-stomato→tomatoes hero→heroes potato→potatoes radio→radios   zoo→zoos   photo→photospiano→pianos復合名詞將后一個詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)tooth-brush→tooth-brushes  film-goer → film-goers兩部分都變復數(shù)man doctor→men doctors woman teacher→women teachers特殊名詞改變內部元音字母foot→feet  tooth→teeth  man→men  mouse→mice詞尾加-renchild→children單復數(shù)同形Chinese→Chinese  sheep→sheep  deer→deer【特例清單】1.“數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞構成的復合形容詞,中間的名詞須用單數(shù)形式。five-year-old 5歲大的;a five-pound note 一張5英鎊的紙幣a six-foot-deep hole一個6英尺深的洞2.-s結尾的名詞,有的作單數(shù)使用,有的作復數(shù)使用(1)-s結尾的學科類名詞,一般是不可數(shù)名詞例:maths, physics, politics(2)表示由兩部分構成的物體的名詞,其形式上可數(shù),若表達具體數(shù)目時,要借助數(shù)量詞pair來表示,其單復數(shù)形式取決于pair的單復數(shù)形式例:a pair of trousers一條褲子(3)以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名、劇名、報紙、雜志名詞,看作單數(shù)名詞The New York Times(《紐約時報》)(4)-s結尾表示國家、組織或公司名稱的專有名詞,通常被看做單數(shù)例:the United States(美利堅合眾國)(5)-s結尾表示群島、山脈、瀑布等自然景觀的專有名詞,通常被看做復數(shù)例:the Olympic Games(奧林匹克運動會)(6)復合名詞的復數(shù)形式分為兩種:一是只將主體名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)形式;二是如果是manwoman與其他名詞組成的復合名詞,那么兩個名詞都要變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)形式例:an apple tree→two apple trees; a woman teacher→some women teachers三、不可數(shù)名詞的計量類型英語含義例子個數(shù)單位詞piecea piece of advice; two pieces of advicedropa drop of ink; three drops of inkpilea pile of wood; four piles of wood 容器單位詞cupa cup of coffee; seven cups of coffeeglass(玻璃)a glass of milk; eight glasses of milkbottlea bottle of juice; nine bottles of juicebox盒、箱a box of chalk; ten boxes of chalkbaga bag of flour; eleven bags of flour度量衡單位詞pounda pound of meat; fourteen pounds of meatkilo公斤a kilo of oil; two kilos of oil【特例清單】1.不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量時,可用a lot of,much,little,a little,someno等修飾例:I want some water. 我想要一些水。2.不可數(shù)名詞表示一定的數(shù)量時,可借助可數(shù)名詞,用a+可數(shù)名詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞結構。表示復數(shù)意義時,把可數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)形式例:He needs two pieces of paper. 他需要兩張紙。 四、名詞所有格類型構成方法例子有生命的名詞(人或動物)在詞尾加’sTom’s book; the girl’s ear-ring; the dog’s ears; the hero’s names, es結尾的復數(shù)名詞只加the students’ desks; the workers’ tools; the teachers’ office不以(e)s結尾的復數(shù)名詞加’smen’s clothes; Children’s Day; Women’s Day; sheep’s wool時間、世界、國家、城市等一般在詞尾加’sChina’s capital; Chengdu’s industries; the world’s population; today’s news其他一般用of結構the door of the room; a map of the world; the legs of the tables; a way of life【特例清單】and連接兩個并列名詞的所有格:(1)and連接的兩個并列的單數(shù)名詞表示共有關系時,只在最后一個名詞后加’s例:Mary and her sister’s bedroom. 瑪麗和她姐姐共有的臥室Lily and Lucy’s mother.       莉莉和露西的媽媽。(2)and連接的兩個并列名詞表示分別擁有各自的物品時,兩個名詞都在詞尾加’s表示所有關系例:Tom’s and Mary’s bags.  湯姆和瑪麗他們各自的包。表示店鋪、醫(yī)院、診所、住宅等名稱時,常在表示職業(yè)的名詞或是姓氏后加上’s代表場所。例:a tailor’s裁縫鋪        a barber’s理發(fā)店      a doctor’s診所my sister’s我姐姐的家  a stationer’s文具店    Chaplin’s卓別林的家 所有物+of+’s結構或所有物+of+名詞性物主代詞=雙重所有格例:a friend of my father’s 我父親的一個朋友     a pen of mine我的一支鋼筆代詞專題梳理知識點1人稱代詞 I  you  he  heritwe  you  they   meyou  him  her   it   us  youthem   meyou  him  her   it   us  youthem 知識點2物主代詞my  yourhis  her  its  ouryour  their  mine  yours  hishers  its  ours  yours  theirs識點3反身代詞數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱人稱代詞IyouHe/she/itweyouthey反身代詞myselfyourselfHimself/herselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves 知識補充:        第一人稱和第二人稱由形容詞性物主代詞+self+selves構成。   第三人稱由人稱代詞賓格+self+selves構成。其中單數(shù)+self,復數(shù)+selves。2. 反身代詞作同位語,加強語氣,通常跟在名詞或代詞后。He thought of the idea himself.  I can do it myself.3. 反身代詞通常跟在某些動詞后作動詞的賓語。The boy is old enough to dress himself. We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.知識補充: 含反身代詞的常用短語    4. 反身代詞常跟在for, of, by等介詞后,構成固定短語。I worked out the problem by myself.   我獨自解出了這道題。The wolf decided to see what happened for himself. 狼決定親自去看看發(fā)生了什么事。The computer can shut off of itself. 這臺計算機會自動關機。 4it的用法具體用法例句分析a. 表示單數(shù)的事物,譯為AWhat’s this?   BIt’s a cat.b. 表示嬰兒或不知道性別的人There’s a baby in the picture. Is it you?Someone is knocking the door. Who can it be?c. 表示時間、天氣、季節(jié)、距離等It was snowing when I got home yesterday. How far is it from your home to your school?d. 作形式主語、形式賓語等It’s important for us to learn English well. It’s no use waiting here.We find/think it important to finish the job in an hour. 識點5復合不定代詞                                                                   復合不定代詞+ adj. (形容詞)               作主語時,動詞用單數(shù)形式somethinganythingnothingsomebodyanybodynobodysomeoneanyoneno one 識點6代詞綜合代詞用法特點例句one, ones指代上文出現(xiàn)過的某個/些人或事物I forgot to bring a pen. Can you lend me one?Those shoes are too small. We must buy some new ones.that, those常用于比較級句型中The weather in Kunming is milder than that in Beijing.People in the U.S are more of fond of these dramas than those in Arabian countries.each, everyeach≥2; every≥3each ofThere are trees on each side of the street.Each side of the square is decorated with national flags.Every child in the class has passed the examination. 識點7考查otherthe other,anotherothers, the othersthe rest的用法及區(qū)別other, the other, another1.  other表示泛指,沒有特定的范圍。意為其他的;其復數(shù)形式為others, 常用句型: some…others…。He is a good boy, he always helps other people (=others). 2.  the other意為另一個,表示特指,一般用于兩者之間的另一個。常用句型: one…the other…3.  another表示泛指三者或三者以上的其他任何一個,意為再一、又一。常用搭配: another+ 名詞單數(shù)/一段時間another泛指三者以上的另一個the other表示兩者當中的另一個other表示其他的others別的一些人或物the others表示其余所有的人或物。
注:指代單數(shù)時,若是泛指,用another;若是特指,則用the other。指代復數(shù)時,若是泛指,用other修飾名詞的復數(shù)形式;若是特指,用the other修飾名詞的復數(shù)形式。others不能作定語,表示復數(shù)意義,相當于“other+復數(shù)名詞;the others相當于“the other+復數(shù)名詞another一般表示單數(shù),其后接可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。但若其后有數(shù)詞或few修飾時,則可接復數(shù)名詞。the rest表示剩余部分;其余,指代可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。 識點8考查all, both,either,neither,none的用法及區(qū)別both,eitherneither皆表示兩者,可做主語、賓語和定語,both還可作同位語。表示兩者都……”both,兩者都不……”neither兩者中任意一個……”強調個體,用eitherallnone表示三者或三者以上。all表示全部肯定,而none表示全部否定。all可作主語、賓語、表語、定語和同位語;none可作主語、賓語和同位語,但不能作定語。all作主語時,指人看作復數(shù),指物看作單數(shù);none作主語時,看作單復數(shù)皆可。bothall,none作主語同位語時,通常放在行為動詞前面,be動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞的后面。allbothnot連用表示部分否定。                                   both, either, neither botheitherneither含義兩者都(肯定)兩者之中的任意一個兩者都不(否定)其后動詞形式復數(shù)單數(shù)單數(shù)常用搭配both…and… 復數(shù)動詞either…or… 就近原則neither…nor…就近原則 識點9someanynoevery +thingonebodysome類的詞用于肯定句,any類的詞用于否定和疑問句。
特殊情況:some用語疑問句表示邀請,并且期待得到對方肯定回答。any用于肯定句中表示任何,任一”somethinganything用法同上。 識點10littlea little;fewa few    littlea little修飾不可數(shù)名詞,做主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù);fewa few修飾可數(shù)名詞,做主語時謂語動詞用復數(shù)。 few, little 有異同,分別修飾可數(shù),不可數(shù):共有“a”表肯定,其前無“a” 表否定。 1The ________ teacher’s wife is working in a ________ factory.Achemical; chemistry Bchemistry; chemicalCchemical; chemical Dchemistry; chemistry2Making a loud noise in public does great ________ to people’s hearing.Aharmless Bharmfully Charm Dharmful3This volleyball must belong to ________.Ahis Bshe CKevin DCarla’s4It’s ________ walk from Peter’s home to school, so he often walks to school.Aten-minutes Bten minutes’ Cten minutes Dten minute’s5Fathers play an important role in their ________ growth.Achild Bchild’s Cchildren Dchildren’s6Bad luck! The _________ of the guide map made me get _________ easily in the strange city.Alose; lost Blost; loss Closs; lose Dloss; lost7With the ________ of the country, his hometown has changed better and better.Adevelop Bdevelopment Cdeveloping Ddeveloped8More and more ________ want to learn about Chinese culture.AGermans BGerman CGermany DGermans’9—Do you know where the last two pictures went? —A rich man bought _________ of them. He thought they were worth.Aeither Beach Cnone Dboth10—I have two postcards. One is for Tom and ________ is for Jim.—Why not buy ________ one for Jack?Athe other; other Banother; the otherCthe other; another Danother, other11—I wonder with ________ Mary went to the concert.—Her cousin, Tony.Awhom Bwhose Cwhich Dwhat12This pair of shoes is too short for me. Can you show me ________ pair?Aother Bothers Cthe other Danother13Our head teacher tells us ________ leaves the room last should turn off the light. Awho Bwhoever Cwhat Dwhatever14He finds ________ impossible that they finish the work in such a short time.Athem Bthat Cit Dthis15Tourists can enjoy fantastic views on ________ sides of the Huangpu River.Aeither Bboth Cany Dall16— Do you want to go to Mochou Lake Park or Zhongshan Botanical Garden?—________. I would like to study at home.AAll BBoth CEither DNeither17Guilin is ________ city that there are many beautiful flowers ________ of the Lijiang River.Asuch a beautiful; on both sides Bso a beautiful; on the two sidesCsuch a beautiful; on either sides Dso beautiful a; on all sides18They have improved the software to make ________ easier for people to use the computer.Ait Bthis Cthese Dthat19We usually plan to do something interesting, or go _______ together.Awarm somewhere Bsomewhere warmCanywhere warm Dwarm anywhere20There are lots of ________ between English names and Chinese names.Adifferent Bdifferently Cdifference Ddifferences21My parents ________ that I take my teacher’s ________.Aadvice; advise Badvise; advice Cadvices; advises Dadvises; advices22—I never doubt ________ his advice is of great ________ to me. —I agree with you.Athat; valuable Bthat; value Cwhether; valuable Dif; value23As President Xi puts it, China has ________ excellent culture and every student should learn the history of our country as it helps us to know where we are from and where we are going.Aa number of Ba great deal of Cthe number of Da great many24We all thought __________ necessary to accept his advice because it’s of great _________.Athat; valuable Bit; value Cit is; valuable Dthat was; value25—Did you have a good summer ________?—Yes, I did.Aholiday Bvocation Cholidays Dvocations26Every year, about 40 _________ children from poor families still need ________ to continue their lives or studies.Amillion; to help Bmillions; helpingCmillion; help Dmillions; help27—How many problems did you have ________? —________. It’s quite easy.Ato solve; Nothing Bto solve; None Csolving; None Dsolving; Nothing28Eat ________ cake you like and leave the other for ________ comes late.Aany; who Bwhichever, who Cwhatever; whoever Deither: whoever29Helen works as a volunteer in her neighbourhood with some classmates of _______.Ashe Bher Chers Dherself30— The computers are on sale in the supermarket today.— Really? Let’s go and buy ________ for our new house.Aone Bit Cthat Dthem 

相關學案

專題13 語法無憂 時態(tài)語態(tài)在手——2023年中考英語思維導圖+必備知識點梳理+精練學案(牛津上海版)(原卷版+解析版):

這是一份專題13 語法無憂 時態(tài)語態(tài)在手——2023年中考英語思維導圖+必備知識點梳理+精練學案(牛津上海版)(原卷版+解析版),文件包含專題14中考無憂五選四在手解析版2023年中考英語思維導圖+必備知識點梳理+精練學案牛津上海版docx、專題14中考無憂五選四在手原卷版2023年中考英語思維導圖+必備知識點梳理+精練學案牛津上海版docx等2份學案配套教學資源,其中學案共18頁, 歡迎下載使用。

專題12 語法無憂 句法在手——2023年中考英語思維導圖+必備知識點梳理+精練學案(牛津上海版)(原卷版+解析版):

這是一份專題12 語法無憂 句法在手——2023年中考英語思維導圖+必備知識點梳理+精練學案(牛津上海版)(原卷版+解析版),文件包含專題12語法無憂句法在手解析版2023年中考英語思維導圖+必備知識點梳理+精練學案牛津上海版docx、專題12語法無憂句法在手原卷版2023年中考英語思維導圖+必備知識點梳理+精練學案牛津上海版docx等2份學案配套教學資源,其中學案共35頁, 歡迎下載使用。

專題11 語法無憂 動詞心中有——2023年中考英語思維導圖+必備知識點梳理+精練學案(牛津上海版)(原卷版+解析版):

這是一份專題11 語法無憂 動詞心中有——2023年中考英語思維導圖+必備知識點梳理+精練學案(牛津上海版)(原卷版+解析版),文件包含專題11語法無憂動詞心中有解析版2023年中考英語思維導圖+必備知識點梳理+精練學案牛津上海版docx、專題11語法無憂動詞心中有原卷版2023年中考英語思維導圖+必備知識點梳理+精練學案牛津上海版docx等2份學案配套教學資源,其中學案共32頁, 歡迎下載使用。

英語朗讀寶

相關學案 更多

專題09 語法無憂 介詞、連詞心中有——2023年中考英語思維導圖+必備知識點梳理+精練學案(牛津上海版)(原卷版+解析版)

專題09 語法無憂 介詞、連詞心中有——2023年中考英語思維導圖+必備知識點梳理+精練學案(牛津上海版)(原卷版+解析版)

專題08 語法無憂 冠詞、數(shù)詞心中有——2023年中考英語思維導圖+必備知識點梳理+精練學案(牛津上海版)(原卷版+解析版)

專題08 語法無憂 冠詞、數(shù)詞心中有——2023年中考英語思維導圖+必備知識點梳理+精練學案(牛津上海版)(原卷版+解析版)

專題02 語法無憂 數(shù)詞、名詞我有——2023年中考英語思維導圖+必備知識點梳理+精練學案(全國通用版)(原卷版+解析版)

專題02 語法無憂 數(shù)詞、名詞我有——2023年中考英語思維導圖+必備知識點梳理+精練學案(全國通用版)(原卷版+解析版)

專題01 語法無憂 代詞、介詞我有——2023年中考英語思維導圖+必備知識點梳理+精練學案(全國通用版)(原卷版+解析版)

專題01 語法無憂 代詞、介詞我有——2023年中考英語思維導圖+必備知識點梳理+精練學案(全國通用版)(原卷版+解析版)

資料下載及使用幫助
版權申訴
版權申訴
若您為此資料的原創(chuàng)作者,認為該資料內容侵犯了您的知識產權,請掃碼添加我們的相關工作人員,我們盡可能的保護您的合法權益。
入駐教習網,可獲得資源免費推廣曝光,還可獲得多重現(xiàn)金獎勵,申請 精品資源制作, 工作室入駐。
版權申訴二維碼
中考專區(qū)
歡迎來到教習網
  • 900萬優(yōu)選資源,讓備課更輕松
  • 600萬優(yōu)選試題,支持自由組卷
  • 高質量可編輯,日均更新2000+
  • 百萬教師選擇,專業(yè)更值得信賴
微信掃碼注冊
qrcode
二維碼已過期
刷新

微信掃碼,快速注冊

手機號注冊
手機號碼

手機號格式錯誤

手機驗證碼 獲取驗證碼

手機驗證碼已經成功發(fā)送,5分鐘內有效

設置密碼

6-20個字符,數(shù)字、字母或符號

注冊即視為同意教習網「注冊協(xié)議」「隱私條款」
QQ注冊
手機號注冊
微信注冊

注冊成功

返回
頂部