專題12 語法無憂句法在手——2023年中考英語思維導(dǎo)圖+必備知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理+精練學(xué)案（牛津上海版）（原卷版+解析版）-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

專題12 語法無憂句法在手【知識(shí)梳理】感嘆句專題梳理1、感嘆句句型【句型一】What + (a / an) + 形容詞 + 名詞 + 主語 + 謂語！What a clever boy he is! (他是個(gè))多么聰明的男孩啊！What an interesting story it is! (這是個(gè))多么有趣的故事啊！What fine weather it is! 多好的天氣??！What beautiful flowers they are! (它們是)多么漂亮的花??！【批注】在感嘆句中，What a / an 常用來修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，若其前面的形容詞為元音開頭，則用 an。what 是用來修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。但有些不可數(shù)名詞，如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等，當(dāng)前面有形容詞修飾，使抽象名詞具體化時(shí)，則要用 what a / an，如：What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一場(chǎng)雨??！What a great surprise it is! 這多么令人驚奇??！What a rich breakfast it is! 多么豐盛的一頓早餐??！【句型二】How + 形容詞 / 副詞 + 主語 + 謂語！How well you look! 你氣色真好!How kind you are! 你心腸真好!How beautifully you sing! 你唱得真好聽!Strawberries! How nice! 草莓! 多好呀!How clever the boy is! 這個(gè)男孩多么聰明??！How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊！注意（1）要修飾名詞的形容詞不能是表數(shù)量的many， much， little， few，遇此情況要用how，即使它們后面跟有名詞： How many books he has！他的書真多！ How much money he gave her！他給了她好多錢呀！ How little money I have！我的錢多么少呀！ How few friends he has！他的朋友真少！比較：What a little box it is！多小巧的盒子呀?。ㄔ?/span>little不表示數(shù)量）（2）有時(shí)句中的主語和謂語可以省略：How fast！多快呀！How nice！多好呀！How beautiful！多美呀！How nice of you to come！你來了真好！2、感嘆句巧解方法（1）一找·二斷·三辨·四確定：“一找”即先找出句中的主語。“二斷”就是在句中的名詞（形容詞、副詞等）與代詞（或名詞）之間斷開。“三辯”即是斷開后辨別斷線前面的詞的詞性。 “四確定”即確定是選用how還是what。3、感嘆句的特殊用法：1）感嘆句如何變?yōu)殚g接引語直接引語是感嘆句時(shí)，若要變作間接引語，通常用引述動(dòng)詞tell, exclaim等。如：“What a brave boy you are!” she told him. “你是一個(gè)多么勇敢的男孩子啊!”她告訴他說。→She told him what a brave boy he was. 她告訴他說他是一個(gè)多么勇敢的男孩子。He said, “Hurrah! My friend is come.” 他說道，“烏拉!我的朋友來了。”→He exclaimed with delight that his friend had come. 他歡呼他的朋友來了。(引述動(dòng)詞用exclaim, 并加狀語with delight)2）感嘆句后接附加疑問句感嘆句之后有時(shí)可接附加疑問句，如：How odd, isn’t it? 多怪，是不是?What a magnificent building, isn’t it? 多么雄偉的建筑，對(duì)不對(duì)!How nice, isn’t it? 多好呀，不是嗎!What a bad cough he has, doesn’t he? 他咳得好歷害，是不是？How exciting the game is, isn’t it? 好刺激的比賽啊，不是嗎？【知識(shí)梳理】反義疑問句專題梳理I. 基本用法1. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：前否后肯，前肯后否。2. 當(dāng)陳述句中含有be動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞，或是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，反義疑問句部分由這些詞加上主語人稱代詞構(gòu)成。be動(dòng)詞包括：am, is, are, was, were助動(dòng)詞有：do, does, did, have/has (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should ★ 注意：have/has/had 只有在 ①現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，②過去完成時(shí)，③had better 情況下可直接用于反義疑問句中，其他一律用do/does/did. 3. 當(dāng)陳述句中只含有行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，①若動(dòng)詞加了s, 就用does; ②若動(dòng)詞為原形，就用do, ③若動(dòng)詞為過去式，則用did;II. 高頻考點(diǎn)1. 陳述部分為There (Here) + be + 主語時(shí)，問句部分用動(dòng)詞 + there (here)?形式。2. 反義疑問句的陳述部分帶有little, few, never, hardly, rarely, seldom, nobody, nothing, barely, scarcely等否定意義的詞時(shí)，問句部分用肯定式。如： 3. 陳述部分為祈使句1) 若為let’s引導(dǎo)，反問句用shall we? 2) 若為let us引導(dǎo) 和其余的任何一般的否定祈使句，都用will you。 3) 一般的肯定祈使句則用will you 或won’t you 都行。III. 反義疑問句的回答★ 遵循原則：事實(shí)原則。事實(shí)確實(shí)如此，回答yes；事實(shí)不是如此，回答no。【知識(shí)梳理】情景交際專題梳理1. A: Sorry. B: That’s ok/That’s all rightNot at allNever mindIt doesn’t matter2. A: Thank you. B: That’s ok/That’s all rightNot at allYou are welcomeIt’s my pleasure3. A: Would you mind...? B: Not系列Certainly notSure not Of couse notNot at all永遠(yuǎn)不選never mind4. A: Can you do me a favor? B: With pleause A: Thank you B: It’s my pleause.5. A: Would you like me to...? Would you like some tea? (主動(dòng)幫忙） B: Yes, please. No, thanks.6. A: Would you to join us? (邀請(qǐng)某人做某事) B: Yes, I’d(like/love to). No, I wouldn’t (like/love to).7. That’s all right.沒關(guān)系；不客氣 That’s right. 那是對(duì)的 All right. 好的8. A: May I ...? B: Go ahead.Here you are.Of course you can.Sorry, you can’t 9. A: I have a complaint about ..? B: What’s your trouble? What’s the matter?10. A: Jossie, don’t be later ? B: I won’t【知識(shí)梳理】賓語從句專題梳理一、（知識(shí)點(diǎn)名稱）賓語從句概念【知識(shí)梳理】賓語是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，是動(dòng)作的承受者。句子的賓語一般由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)，當(dāng)一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)賓語時(shí)，我們把這個(gè)句子叫做賓語從句。賓語從句就是由一個(gè)句子來構(gòu)成主句的賓語，并有一個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)。二、（知識(shí)點(diǎn)名稱）賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞1. 陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)，that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。在主句為動(dòng)詞be加某些形容詞（如sorry，sure，afraid，glad等）作表語時(shí)，后面所跟的省略that的從句也算是賓語從句2. 當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。3. 如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)（what，whom，whose，which，what，when，where，how，why）。三、（知識(shí)點(diǎn)名稱）賓語從句的語序--必須是陳述語序句子的兩種語序：1.陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)叫陳述語序There is a shop near here.2.疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)叫疑問語序Is there a shop near here?賓語從句必須用陳述語序四、（知識(shí)點(diǎn)名稱）賓語從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)要相互呼應(yīng)【知識(shí)梳理】1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可以用任何時(shí)態(tài)，我們可以根據(jù)句子的需要使用任何一種時(shí)態(tài)；（需要性原則） 2.當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)候，賓語從句必須運(yùn)用相應(yīng)的過去的某一種時(shí)態(tài)，從而達(dá)到主句和從句的相互一致；（呼應(yīng)性原則） 3.當(dāng)賓語從句說明的客觀存在的事實(shí)或者是客觀存在的真理時(shí)，就不用受到主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。（特殊性原則）主句時(shí)態(tài)從句時(shí)態(tài)連接前連接后一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)保持不變一般過去時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí) 【知識(shí)梳理】狀語從句專題梳理1.狀語從句的概念狀語從句在復(fù)合句中用作狀語，修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞等。狀語從句與賓語從句不同的是：賓語從句只能跟在及物動(dòng)詞或部分介詞的后面，而絕大部分狀語從句的位置很活躍——既可以放在主句的前面，又可以放在主句的后面。當(dāng)狀語從句在主句前面時(shí)，主從句之間用逗號(hào)斷開。2.狀語從句的分類狀語從句通?？梢苑譃闀r(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、原因、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、比較和方式等九類。時(shí)間：when, while、as、as soon as、until、since、by the time 地點(diǎn)：where、wherever、no matter where、anywhere 條件：if、unless 原因：because、now that、since、as 目的：so that、in order that 結(jié)果：so…that、such…that 讓步：(al)though 比較：as…as、not so (as)…as、than 方式：as.as if.a.s though3.時(shí)間狀語從句用于表達(dá)時(shí)間。注意下列例句的意思及前后時(shí)態(tài)的一致性： when: It was raining hard when school was over yesterday. I got angry when I heard the news. She wants to be a teacher when she grows up. while: My father was cooking while my mother was reading last night. before: I finished my homework before I went to bed last night. after: After I (had) turned off the lights, I went to bed last night. as soon as: I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back. The students entered the classroom as soon as the bell rang. since: I have lived here since l was born until: I didn't leave here until my mother came yesterday.4.地點(diǎn)狀語從句一般由where, wherever和everywhere引導(dǎo)。地點(diǎn)狀語從句可以位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。如：Where there is a will，there is a way. Wherever he goes, he keeps in mind what his father has instructed tum地點(diǎn)狀語從句可以有省略的表達(dá)方式。如：Put in an article where (you think it is) necessary.5.條件狀語從句用來表示主句情況實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件。主要時(shí)態(tài)為主句將來時(shí)，從句現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：If I have time tomorrow, I'll go shopping with you.6.結(jié)果狀語從句表示結(jié)果，常用so…that或such…that引導(dǎo)。如：Peter is so clever that he can answer the question Peter is such a clever boy that he can answer the question. 比較上面兩句句子，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)so修飾形容詞，而such修飾名詞。這兩個(gè)復(fù)合句在改為簡(jiǎn)單句時(shí)可以用too…to（太……而不能）或 (not)enough…to do（做某事足夠……／做某事不足夠……）形式轉(zhuǎn)換。如：The car is so expensive that I can't buy it．（改為簡(jiǎn)單句） The car is too expensive for me to buy. The car is not cheap enough for me to buy. The boy is so old that he can join the army.（改為簡(jiǎn)單句） The boy is old enough to join the army.7.原因狀語從句表示原因，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句常用的連詞有because（因?yàn)椋?/span>since（因?yàn)?、既然）?/span>as（因?yàn)椤⒂捎冢?/span>now that（既然、由于）等。如：I can't go to see the film because I'm quite busy. Now that everything is ready, we can set off at once. I'll get up at 5 tomorrow morning because I'II meet my uncle at the railway station 注意：because語氣最強(qiáng)，用why提問。as語氣較弱，表示的是明顯原因。since、now、that表示明顯原因或眾所周知的事實(shí)。8.目的狀語從句表示目的，由so that或in order that引導(dǎo)。在改為簡(jiǎn)單句時(shí)可以由in order to或so as to引導(dǎo)。如：I got up early this morning so that I could catch the early bus. 改成：I got up early this morning in order to catch the early bus. The teacher explained the text slowly in order that all of us might understand it. 改成：The teacher explained the text slowly in order to be understood by all of us.9.讓步狀語從句用來表示讓步，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的常用從屬連詞有though、although(雖然……但是……)等。要注意的是，英語和漢語的連詞運(yùn)用情況不同，漢語常用成對(duì)連詞，如“雖然……但是……”、“因?yàn)?/span>……所以……”，但在英語中只使用其中一個(gè)，用了although就不用but，用了but就不用although。兩者不能同時(shí)使用。如：He is old and weak, but he works hard He works hard though he is old and weak. Though he is old and weak, he works hard.10.比較狀語從句用來表示比較，它常省略與主句重復(fù)的部分。如：The boy is as tall as his father now. He can't play football as well as he used to.11.方式狀語從句常用連詞是as if和as though引導(dǎo)。這兩個(gè)短語的用法相同，意思是“好像，仿佛”，引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句時(shí)有時(shí)用虛擬語氣，表示可能性很小或不符合實(shí)際事實(shí)的情況。as if和as though從句可用省略形式，后面常接不定式、分詞、形容詞和介詞短語。如：The Little boy talks as if he were a man. The woman looks here and there as if (she is) looking for something.引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的連詞還有the way，as等。如：You'd better change the way you speak to your parents. Man needs air as fish needs water. 1．—Peter, ________ is the Winter Olympics held?—Every four years.A．how long B．how far C．how soon D．how often2．________ useful advice you gave me yesterday! It really helps me a lot.A．What an B．How C．What D．What a3．________ exciting music program I’ve ever watched!A．How B．How a C．What a D．What an4．—I was asked to hold a welcome party, but I have no idea how to do it.—________ ask the head teacher for some advice?A．How about B．Why not C．Let’s D．Go ahead5．—Listen! Lily is practicing playing the piano in the next room. —Wow, ________ beautiful music she is playing!A．How a B．How C．What a D．What6．—________ can these students finish designing the poster?— In less than an hour.A．How fast B．How many times C．How soon D．How often7．If you don’t go hiking this Sunday, ________.A．so will I B．so do I C．neither will I D．neither do I8．—________is it from your home to the hospital? — About 10 minutes’ ride.A．How long B．How far C．How often D．How soon9．— ________ are you dressing up in the nice blue dress for, Kate?— We will have a welcome party soon, you know, Mum.A．Why B．Which C．What D．Who10．—I haven’t seen My Country, My Parents yet. —________. How about watching it together tonight?A．So do I B．Neither do I C．So have I D．Neither have I11．You wouldn’t believe ___________ quickly my French has improved because of that.A．what a B．what C．what an D．how12．—I haven’t heard of the ballet dancer’s name.—________. In fact, I’m not interested in dancing.A．Neither have I B．So do I C．So have I D．Neither do I13．—Which brand of running shoes do you like, Nike or Li Ning?—________. I like Chinese brands.A．Either B．Neither C．Nike is my favorite D．I prefer Li Ning14．—I didn’t want to be a doctor when I was a little boy. —_______.A．Neither I was B．Neither was I C．Neither I did D．Neither did I15．—How do you like the TV play?—________A．It’s wonderful. B．What about you?C．Yes, I like it. D．No, I don’t like it at all.16．—________ do you play basketball?—Twice a week.A．How much B．How long C．How often D．How far17．________ exciting news it is!A．What an B．How an C．How D．What18．—Stop eating, Jenny! Eating ________ in the library. —Oh, I’m sorry.A．allows B．isn’t allowed C．is allowed D．doesn’t allow19．We watched the boat races last Sunday. ________ fantastic the dragon boat teams were!A．What B．How C．What a D．How a20．—Must we clean the classroom now?—________. You can clean it after school.A．Yes, you must B．No, you needn’t C．Yes, you can D．No, mustn’t21．I heard Erquan Yingyue for the first time yesterday. ______ sad story behind the music!A．What B．What the C．What a D．What an22．—On December 23rd China successfully launched its test 12 satellite(衛(wèi)星) into space!—________ exciting news!A．How B．What C．What a D．What an23．—Will you go to the Max City tomorrow?—If you don’t, _________.A．so do I B．so will I C．neither do I D．neither will I24．—I don’t think that watching TV ads is a waste of time. —________. As far as I know, some of them are really creative.A．The same to you B．Me too C．So do I D．Neither do I25．—Listen! The children are singing in the classroom. —________ beautiful song!A．How B．What C．What a D．What an26．— I hand in the poster today, Miss Wang?—No. you needn’t.A．Must B．Can C．Should D．Need27．—What ________ educational movie The Battle at Lake Changjin is!—Yeah. I like it very much.A．a B．an C．the D．/28．— ________ excellent work you have done!—It’s very kind of you to say so.A．How B．What an C．How an D．What29．— I am looking forward to the film Once Upon A Time In Hollywood. ________ will it begin?— ________ next week.A．When; Until B．When; Not untilC．How long; Not until D．How long; Until30．—Li Lei is very strict with himself, he has improved his math a lot this term. —________, and ________.A．So he has; so you have B．So he has; so have youC．So has he; so have you D．So has he; so you have

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