初中英語中考復習專題05-介詞-2023年中考英語知識清單（通用版）（原卷版）-試卷下載-教習網(wǎng)

專題05-介詞2023年中考英語知識清單（通用版）目錄1.介詞的概念2.介詞的種類3.介詞短語的功能4.介詞的用法5.牛刀小試1.介詞的概念介詞是一種虛詞，一般用在名詞、代詞等的前面，用來表示其后面的名詞或者相當于名詞的詞或短語和其他句子成分的關系，在句子中不能單獨作句子成分，需和它后面的詞共同充當句子成分。介詞后面的名詞或者相當于名詞的詞或短語叫介詞賓語。可以作介詞賓語的詞通常有：1）名詞、代詞或從句。如：He lives near the school. 他居住在學校附近。Our teacher was very angry with him. 我們的老師非常生他的氣。2）動名詞。如：They have a good idea for solving this problem. 他們有一個解決這個問題的好方法。3）動詞不定式（僅限于介詞but，except）。如：I want nothing except to sleep. 除了睡覺，我什么也不想做。 2.介詞的種類1）根據(jù)結構分類簡單介詞：即由一個詞構成的單一介詞。如：for，at，in，on，of，to等。復合介詞：即由兩個詞組合在一起的介詞，也稱合成介詞。如：without，inside，outside，into，within　　短語介詞：即由短語構成的介詞。如：because of，according to，thanks to等。2）根據(jù)意義分類表示地點的介詞：at，behind，beside，around，near，on，by，in front of，across等。表示時間的介詞：about，at，after，before，by，during，in，over，past，since，until等。表示原因的介詞：for，with，from等。表示手段和方式的介詞：by，in，with等。表示“除去”的介詞：but，except，besides等。表示其他含義的介詞：about (關于，大約), on (關于), without (沒有), off (從……離開), instead of (代替), with (和)等。 3.介詞短語的功能介詞和介詞賓語一起構成介詞短語。介詞短語可以在句子中作下列成分：1）作表語：如：She looks like an actress. 她看上去像演員。
What’s the book about? 這本書是講什么的？
2）作賓語補足語：如：A cold kept him in bed for a week. 感冒使他臥床一周。I found my mother on the bus. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我媽媽在公交車上。3）作狀語：如：I will wait for you until tomorrow. 我等你到明天。The teacher came into the classroom with a smile on her face. 那位老師面帶笑容進了教室。4）作定語：如：A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難見真情。 4.介詞的用法1) 時間介詞：at/ in/ on表示具體的時間點（幾點鐘）前面用介詞at。如：I usually get up at six in the morning. 我通常在早上六點起床。注意：at dinner time 在（吃）晚飯時at night 在夜間 at weekends / the weekend 在周末表示在特定的日子、某月某日、星期幾、節(jié)日等時間的前面，或者某一天的早上、下午、晚上的前面用介詞on。如：We can play football on Sunday. 我們可以在星期天踢足球。They came to my house on a cold winter morning. 他們在一個寒冷的早晨來到了我家。表示較長的一段時間段的名詞或短語前經(jīng)常用in，如在早上、下午、晚上；在某月某年等。如：I was born in May. 我出生在五月。They came here in 1998. 他們在1998年來這里的。What are you going to do in the winter holiday? 寒假你打算做什么？注意:表示上午、下午或晚上的名詞前一般用介詞in，但是具體到某一天的上午、下午或晚上用介詞on。 in the morning 在上午 on Monday morning 在星期一的上午2）時間介詞：for，sincefor 和since引導時間狀語都有延續(xù)之意。for +時間段表示“（延續(xù)）……之久”。since +時間點表示從過去某時延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時間。如：They have lived in China for ten years. 他們在北京住了十年了。She has worked here since last year. 從去年起她就在這里工作。3）時間介詞：in，afterin+時間段表示從現(xiàn)在算起一段時間以后，一般用于將來時；after+時間段表示從過去算起一段時間后，一般用于過去時。另外after后也可以接具體時間用于將來時。如：He’ll be back in three hours. 他三小時后回來。He came back after three hours. 三小時后，他回來了。He’ll be back after 3 o’clock. 他三點后會回來。 4) 方位介詞：at，in，on，to表示在某一點的位置或者具體的位置用at。如：We will have a picnic at the foot of mountain. 我們在山腳下舉行野餐。表示在某一個范圍之內的方位用介詞in。Shandong lies in the east of China. 山東省在中國的東部。（山東省在中國范圍之內）表示在某一個范圍之外的方位用介詞to。如：Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中國的東部。（日本在中國范圍之外）表示兩者相互接觸，強調在同一條線或者同一個平面上用介詞on。如：Shandong lies on the north of Jiangsu. 山東省在江蘇省的北部。（兩省接壤） 5) 地點介詞：in/on / under/ above / over/ below表示一個物體在另一個物體的上面用介詞on。如：There is a book on the desk. 課桌上有一本書。（書在課桌表面上）表示一個物體在另一個物體的里面用介詞in。如：There are some dumplings in the bowl. 碗里有一些水餃。（水餃在碗里面）表示一個物體在另一個物體的下方，用介詞under。（一般為正下方）如：There is a ball under the chair. 椅子下面有一個球。（球在椅子的下面）below意思是“在……之下”，所指范圍較寬，不一定在某物的正下方。如：From the plane, we could see the whole town below us.從飛機上我們可以看到下面城鎮(zhèn)的全貌。表示一個物體在另一個物體的上方，并非有“垂直之上”的含義，用介詞above, 其反義詞為below。如：His room is above ours. 他的房間在我們的上面。表示一個物體在另一個物體的正上方用介詞over，有時有“覆蓋；越過”之意。如：His room is over ours. 他的房間就是我們頭上的那間。There is a big bridge over the river. 河上有一座大橋。（橋在河的上面）6) 方位介詞between，amongbetween是表示在兩者之間；among表示在三者或者三者以上之間。如：It’s a secret between you and I. 這是我和你之間的秘密。There is a village among the trees.在樹林里面有一個小村莊。7) 表示工具、手段、材料的in，by，within可以和表示某種語言的名詞連用表示“用某種語言”; 也可以表示用某種工具或材料的意思。如：Can you answer my question in English？你能用英語回答我的問題嗎？Don’t write in pencil. Please write in ink. 不要用鉛筆寫，請用墨水寫。by指使用的方法和手段，by和表示交通工具的名詞連用時，中間不用冠詞。如：My father often goes to work by bus. 我爸爸經(jīng)常乘坐公共汽車去上班。如：He made a living by selling newspapers. 他靠賣報為生。with表示“借助于某種具體的工具或身體部位”。例如：如：We write with our hands. 我們用手寫字。I cut the cake with a knife. 我用刀子切開了蛋糕。8) 方位介詞across，through，past表示從某一個物體的表面橫過、穿過用介詞across; 從某一個物體的里面或者一定范圍內穿過、橫過用介詞through; 從旁邊經(jīng)過用past。如：They swam across the river. 他們游過了河。The boys go through the forest quickly. 這些男孩子快速地穿過樹林。　　They drove past a big supermarket. 他們開車經(jīng)過一家大超市。9）except，besidesexcept表示“除……之外”其后的賓語是被排除在整體之外的。besides表示“除……之外”，其后的賓語是被包括在整體之內的。如：All the students took part in the sports meeting except Tom. 除了湯姆以外，其他的同學都參加了運動會。（湯姆沒有參加）We need three more boys besides Tom. 除了湯姆以外，我們還需要三個男同學。（我們也需要湯姆） 5.牛刀小試 1．（2022·山東濟南·模擬預測）We often study English ________ reading out aloud.A．in B．by C．on D．for2．（2022·遼寧·丹東市第十九中學二模）________ milk and cheese, we also need some vegetables and fruit for our salad.A．Except B．Without C．Besides D．Of3．（2022·江蘇·南通田家炳中學模擬預測）— Sorry, you can’t enter our museum now. It’s ________ the visiting hours.— Oh, I didn’t notice the time. I’ll come early tomorrow.A．off B．against C．beyond D．opposite4．（2022·湖北黃石·模擬預測）—I could tell ________ the look on her face that something exciting had happened ________ a cold evening. —Exactly!A．on, in B．with, on C．by, on D．by, in5．（2022·內蒙古包頭·模擬預測）—Dr. Martin Luther King was killed ________ April 4th, 1968.—What a pity! Today is April 4th, 2022. I think 54 years ________ a short time, but I still remember him.A．in; are B．on; aren’t C．on; isn’t D．in; is6．（2022·貴州黔東南·二模）________ China’s National Constitution Day (國家憲法日), many educational activities are carried out to raise constitutional awareness ________ the public.A．In；between B．On；between C．On；among D．In；among7．（2022·云南昆明·模擬預測）Eastern Airlines flight MU5735 crashed(墜毀) in Guangxi ________ March, 21, 2022.A．on B．in C．at D．of8．（2022·云南昆明·二模）I’m looking forward to ________ a new life in the high school that I’ve dreamt of.A．start B．starts C．started D．starting9．（2022·甘肅·平?jīng)鍪械谄咧袑W二模）________ the morning of September 8th, many visitors arrived ________ the train station for a tour.A．In; at B．On; in C．In; in D．On; at10．（2022·西藏·謝通門縣中學二模）— When did your brother go to Peking University?— ________ July 1st, 1997.A．On B．In C．At D．For11．（2021·西藏·中考真題）Beijing will host the 24 Winter Olympics ________ 2022.A．on B．at C．for D．in12．（2022·廣西·環(huán)江毛南族自治縣教育局三模）The Shenzhou 13 spacecraft successfully returned to the ground ________ the morning of April 16th, 2022.A．on B．in C．to D．at13．（2022·吉林省第二實驗學校模擬預測）—How do you study for a test?—I study ________ working with groups.A．for B．by C．with D．to14．（2022·遼寧盤錦·模擬預測）My whole family went to the beach ________ my father. He was away on business.A．from B．including C．except D．besides15．（2022·吉林·東北師大附中明珠學校模擬預測）They’ve all read Tom Sawyer ________ me, so I don’t know how to write the report.A．besides B．except C．beside D．but16．（2022·甘肅武威·模擬預測）The People Republic of China ________ Oct 1st, 1949.A．was found on B．was found in C．was founded in D．was founded on17．（2022·重慶九龍坡·模擬預測）You’d better climb the mountains to relax __________ Sundays.A．on B．in C．at D．by18．（2022·遼寧大連·中考真題）Each year, people celebrate World Environment Day ________ 5th June.A．in B．at C．on D．with19．（2022·重慶·西南大學附中二模）—What were you doing _______ 8 o’clock last night? I called you but you didn’t answer.—Oh, my family usually go out for a walk _______ Saturday evenings.A．at; on B．at; in C．on; at D．on; in20．（2022·廣西玉林·中考真題）—World Book Day is________ April 23rd every year.—I see. More than 100 countries around the world hold all kinds of reading activities.　　A．at B．in C．on D．by21．（2022·江蘇宿遷·九年級專題練習）To our excitement, the Asian elephant Molly arrived at Kunming Zoo _________ May 16th, 2022.A．at B．in C．on D．to22．（2017·四川德陽·中考真題）We have two math classes________Tuesday morning.A．in B．on C．of D．at23．（2022·重慶一中一模）Maria will arrive in Chongqing _______ August 8th .A．in B．on C．at D．to24．（2019·廣西梧州·中考真題）The city museum closes ________ 7 o’clock in the evening.A．at B．from C．on D．of25．（2017·遼寧營口·中考真題）It is reported that heads of the state ________ 29 foreign countries attended the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (一帶一路國際合作高峰論壇) ________ May 14 and 15, 2017.A．in; at B．at; for C．from; on D．of; in26．（2022·江蘇宿遷·九年級專題練習）The astronauts gave another space lesson to millions of students _______ March, 2022.A．on B．in C．at D．of27．（2022·江蘇宿遷·九年級專題練習）How nice it is to walk along the river with friends ________ a warm spring day!A．at B．in C．with D．on28．（2022·內蒙古包頭·模擬預測）As we know, the opening ceremony of the Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022 was held ______ February 4th ________ the capital of China.A．in, on B．on, in C．at, in D．in, in29．（2022·江蘇宿遷·九年級專題練習）I would like to go to the mountains because it’s too hot ________ July here.A．at B．in C．on D．as30．（2022·重慶南岸·一模）In order to save time, he decided to go to work _______ subway.A．with B．in C．on D．by31．（2022·河北·中考真題）Look! The fish is swimming fast ________ the river.A．at B．in C．of D．by32．（2022·江蘇宿遷·九年級專題練習）________ the morning of April 16th, 2022, the astronauts of Shenzhou XIII returned to China .A．In B．From C．On D．At33．（2022·遼寧盤錦·中考真題）Vincent sometimes sits ________ the river and listens to music.A．on B．by C．over D．under34．（2022·遼寧營口·中考真題）Su Yiming got his gold medal of 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics ________ the afternoon of February 15th.A．on B．in C．at D．for35．（2022·湖北湖北·中考真題）—I’m going to Disneyland ________ two weeks.—Wow, sounds like fun！A．to B．in C．at D．on36．（2022·江蘇宿遷·中考真題）________ spring, the days are often windy and bright. It’s a perfect time to fly a kite.A．on B．In C．At D．With37．（2022·重慶·中考真題）Father’s Day comes ________ June every year.A．in B．on C．at D．to38．（2017·四川內江·中考真題）Last Tuesday, Li Ming and I did a survey about our classmates’ birthdays. Most of them were born ________ August, 2002.A．in B．on C．at D．of39．（2017·四川遂寧·中考真題）—Where is Mary flying? —She is flying to France soon. She will arrive in Paris ________ the morning of July 2.A．at B．on C．in D．of40．（2018·貴州貴州·中考真題）My parents often go to the movies ________ Saturday evenings.A．on B．in C．for D．at41．（2021·山東青島·中考真題）Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Bridge ________ the sea helps people travel conveniently.A．over B．by C．in D．or42．（2016·四川資陽·中考真題）—Hi, Susan, when is Teachers’ Day in China?—It’s ________ September 10th.A．in B．on C．at D．for43．（2016·遼寧大連·中考真題）Disney opened a park in Shanghai ________ 16th June, 2016.A．in B．on C．at D．of44．（2016·四川達州·中考真題）—Where is Marry flying?—She is flying to France soon. She will arrive ________ Paris ________ the morning of July 2.A．to; on B．at; on C．in; in D．in; on45．（2018·四川內江·中考真題）The accident took place ________ a cold November evening.A．on B．in C．at D．for46．（2018·四川攀枝花·中考真題）—When did you come to our school? —I came here ________ August, 2015.A．on B．for C．at D．in47．（2017·貴州黔東南·中考真題）They arrived at the airport of Huangquan Park ________ the morning of June 7th.A．in B．at C．by D．on48．（2019·四川攀枝花·中考真題）The world-famous writer William Shakespeare was born ________ 1564.A．in B．for C．at D．on49．（2021·黑龍江哈爾濱·中考真題）We’ll celebrate the 100th birthday of the Chinese Communist Party(中國共產(chǎn)黨) July 1st this year.A．in B．on C．at50．（2021·江蘇淮安·中考真題）—What time does the library open in the morning?—It opens ________ 9 a.m.A．in B．on C．at D．between

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