昌平區(qū)2020年初三年級(jí)第二次統(tǒng)一練習(xí)英語(yǔ)試卷本試卷共8頁(yè), 共60分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上, 在試卷上作答無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后, 將答題卡交回。知識(shí)運(yùn)用一、單項(xiàng)填空從下面各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中, 選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選1.Our English teacher, Miss Zhang, is good at telling jokes. We all like_________.A. him B. it C. her D. you【答案】C【解析】【詳解】句意：我們的英語(yǔ)老師張老師很擅長(zhǎng)講笑話。我們都喜歡她。考查人稱代詞的賓格。him他；it它；her她；you你/你們。分析句子可知，此處用于動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)，指前句提到的Miss Zhang，女性，所以用表示女性的人稱代詞的賓格形式。故選C。2.—When is the Dragon Boat Festival this year? —It's ________June 25th.A. in B. on C. аt D. of【答案】B【解析】【詳解】句意：——今年的端午節(jié)是什么時(shí)候？——6月25日。考查介詞辨析。in用在某年、某月或季節(jié)的前面；on用在星期幾或具體某一天的前面；аt用在某一時(shí)刻的前面；of……的。根據(jù)句意和答句可知，6月25日是具體的一天，所以前面用介詞on，故選B。3.—Jennifer, ________makes you so unhappy? —I can't go outside or play with my friends.A. what B. where C. when D. who【答案】A【解析】【詳解】句意：——Jennifer，什么事讓你這么不開心？——我不能出去或者和我的朋友們一起玩。考查疑問(wèn)詞辨析。what什么；where在哪里；when什么時(shí)候；who誰(shuí)。句中缺少主語(yǔ)，排除B.C；根據(jù)對(duì)話的語(yǔ)境以及下面的回答可知，這里問(wèn)的是讓Jennifer不開心的事是什么，故選A。4.—Mom, ________I wash my hands after coming back from outside? —Yes, you must. It's good for you.A. should B. can C. must D. need【答案】C【解析】【詳解】句意：——媽媽，我從外面回來(lái)后必須洗手嗎？——是的，你必須洗。這對(duì)你有好處。考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞辨析。should應(yīng)該；can能，會(huì)；must必須；need需要。根據(jù)下面的回答“Yes, you must”可知，這里應(yīng)用must，表示“必須”。故選C。5.You must spend some time reading English every day, ________your English will fall behind.A. for B. but C. and D. or【答案】D【解析】【詳解】句意：你必須每天花費(fèi)一些時(shí)間讀英語(yǔ)，否則你的英語(yǔ)會(huì)落下。考查連詞辨析。for為了，是介詞；but但是，表示轉(zhuǎn)折；and和，而且，表示并列；or否則。根據(jù)句意可知，這里表示“否則就會(huì)……”，應(yīng)用or連接。故選D。6.Mike is growing fast. Now he is even _______ than his father.A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest【答案】B【解析】【詳解】句意：Mike長(zhǎng)得很快?，F(xiàn)在他甚至比他的父親還要更高。考查形容詞比較級(jí)。tall高的；taller比較級(jí)形式；tallest最高級(jí)，最高的；the tallest形容詞最高級(jí)前常用定冠詞the。根據(jù)句意和句中的than可知，這里表示兩者相比，應(yīng)用比較級(jí)。故選B。7.Frank goes to school early every day. He always _________ the classroom for us.A. cleans B. clean C. cleaned D. is cleaning【答案】A【解析】【詳解】句意：Frank每天很早去上學(xué)。他總是給我們打掃教室。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。cleans打掃，動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式；clean是動(dòng)詞原形；cleaned一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；is cleaning現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)句意和句中的always可知，這里介紹的是經(jīng)常性的事情，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)He是第三人稱單數(shù)，故選A。8.I am a little heavier than 6 months ago. I ________ exercises since January.A. didn't do B. haven't done C. am not doing D. won't do【答案】B【解析】【詳解】句意：我比六個(gè)月之前更重了一點(diǎn)。自從一月份以來(lái)我就沒(méi)有鍛煉。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。didn’t do沒(méi)有做，一般過(guò)去時(shí)；haven’t done沒(méi)有做，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；am not doing現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；won’t do一般將來(lái)時(shí)。根據(jù)句意和句中的since January可知，這句話應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，故選B。9.—Be quiet and try not to make any noise. Your brother ________online class now. —OK, Mom!A. has B. had C. is having D. was having【答案】C【解析】【詳解】句意：——安靜點(diǎn)，不要發(fā)出任何噪音。你的哥哥現(xiàn)在正在上網(wǎng)課。——好的，媽媽。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。has上課，動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式；had是have的過(guò)去式；is having現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；was having過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這里表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選C。10.—Where did you go during the weekend? —I ________ at home and watched New World on my iPad. It was really exciting!A. stay B. will stay C. stays D. stayed【答案】D【解析】【詳解】句意：——你周末去哪兒了？——我待在家用iPad看了《新世界》。它真的很刺激。
考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。stay一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，動(dòng)詞原形；will stay一般將來(lái)時(shí)；stays一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，動(dòng)詞三單；stayed一般過(guò)去時(shí)。根據(jù)上文是對(duì)過(guò)去提問(wèn)，可知此處用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故選D。11.A lot of vegetables ________to Wuhan during the 2020 Spring Festival.A. were sent B. sent C. is sent D. send【答案】A【解析】【詳解】句意：在2020春節(jié)期間，很多蔬菜被送到了武漢。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。were sent一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；sent是send的過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞形式；is sent一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；send送，寄，動(dòng)詞原形。根據(jù)句意可知，主語(yǔ)A lot of vegetables與動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除B和D；根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)during the 2020 Spring Festival可知，這里說(shuō)的是過(guò)去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，C不對(duì)。故選A。12.—Excuse me, could you tell me _________? —It's hard to say now. It won't reopen until it's safe for us to get together.A. when the cinema will reopen B. when did the cinema reopenC. when will the cinema reopen D. when the cinema reopened【答案】A【解析】【詳解】句意：——打擾一下，你能告訴我電影院什么時(shí)候重開嗎？——現(xiàn)在還很難說(shuō)。直到我們能安全地聚會(huì)，它才會(huì)重新開放。考查賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句要使用陳述句的語(yǔ)序，即主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，所以選項(xiàng)B和C語(yǔ)序錯(cuò)誤，排除掉。根據(jù)句意，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知電影院現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有重開，所以這是提問(wèn)的將來(lái)的情況，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，故選A。二、完形填空閱讀下面的短文, 掌握其大意, 然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中, 選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。The Bread LessonI've been feeling stressed out since I found out I wasn't able to enter the swim team. Now I'll have to___13___ for a whole year to try out again; that might as well be a million years. I think Dad knew I was feeling ___14___. He asked me how things were going. I said OK, even though I didn't feel OK at all. He looked at me for a moment, and then he said it was time for me to help. Dad headed to the kitchen and took out his large mixing bowl and told me to stir（攪拌）while he was ___15___ the materials. He threw in a large handful of flour（面粉）. He then put salt into the bowl. Dad isn't big on measuring. He knows exactly how much of each thing to use without thinking, and the bread always turns out great. After we mixed everything and made a dough（生面團(tuán)）, we waited for more than an hour for the dough to slowly double in size. Next, we deflated（放氣）the risen dough. We divided it into two and waited for it to___16___ again. Afterward, we put the dough into pans and waited another hour for the dough to double one last time. Dad said the waiting was always the hardest part because of the sharp, sweet smell coming from the yeast. "You can't help putting the dough ___17___ into the oven, but if you do, the bread will be small and hard. The most important lesson of all is learning to be___18___, "Dad explained. While we waited, we sat and talked. It felt good to open up and share our___19___. I started enjoying the quiet time with Dad. My father taught me how to bake bread, but I think I learned to appreciate the slow passing of time. I learned to___20___and let the bread rise.13. A. rest B. wait C. search D. race14. A. safe B. stupid C. serious D. stressful15. A. adding B. counting C. tasting D. touching16. A. dry B. rise C. soften D. change17. A. carefully B. cleverly C. directly D. successfully18. A. honest B. patient C. helpful D. creative19. A. mistakes B. backgrounds C. dreams D. thoughts20. A. relax B. train C. imagine D. compete【答案】13. B    14. D    15. A    16. B    17. C    18. B    19. D    20. A【解析】這篇短文講述的是“我”沒(méi)有進(jìn)入游泳隊(duì)，再次嘗試還需要等一年的時(shí)間，我感到有壓力?！拔摇钡陌职滞ㄟ^(guò)和我一起制作面包，告訴了“我”耐心的重要性。【13題詳解】句意：現(xiàn)在我要等整整一年才能再試一次。考查動(dòng)詞辨析及語(yǔ)境。rest休息；wait等，等待；search搜索，搜尋；race比賽，競(jìng)賽。根據(jù)上文“I've been feeling stressed out since I found out I wasn't able to enter the swim team.”可知，“我”沒(méi)有進(jìn)入游泳隊(duì)；再根據(jù)句中try out again可知，需要再等一年的時(shí)間再次去嘗試。故選B。【14題詳解】句意：我想爸爸知道我感到壓力很大。考查形容詞辨析及語(yǔ)境。safe安全的；stupid愚蠢的；serious嚴(yán)肅的；stressful有壓力的。根據(jù)短文開頭“I've been feeling stressed out since I found out I wasn't able to enter the swim team.”可知，“我”沒(méi)有進(jìn)入游泳隊(duì)，感到很有壓力。故選D。【15題詳解】句意：爸爸走向廚房，拿出他的大碗，讓我在他加材料時(shí)攪拌。考查動(dòng)詞辨析及語(yǔ)境。adding增加；counting數(shù)數(shù)；tasting品嘗；touching觸摸。根據(jù)下文“He threw in a large handful of flour（面粉）. He then put salt into the bowl.”可知，爸爸往碗里加?xùn)|西。故選A。【16題詳解】句意：我們把它分成兩部分，等待它再次發(fā)酵。考查動(dòng)詞辨析及語(yǔ)境。dry弄干；rise上升；發(fā)酵；soften變軟；change改變。根據(jù)上文“we waited for more than an hour for the dough to slowly double in size.”可知，做好了面團(tuán)之后，我們等著它發(fā)酵，結(jié)合文末“let the bread rise”可知用rise符合題意。故選B。【17題詳解】句意：你忍不住把面團(tuán)直接放進(jìn)烤箱，但是如果你這樣做，面包會(huì)又小又硬。考查副詞辨析及語(yǔ)境。carefully仔細(xì)地，認(rèn)真地；cleverly聰明地；directly直接地；successfully成功地。根據(jù)文意和生活常識(shí)可知，制作面包時(shí)，要耐心等待面團(tuán)發(fā)酵，如果直接放進(jìn)烤箱，那么面包就會(huì)又小又硬。C選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。18題詳解】句意：最重要的一課是學(xué)會(huì)耐心。考查形容詞辨析及語(yǔ)境。honest誠(chéng)實(shí)的；patient耐心的；helpful有幫助的；creative有創(chuàng)造力的。根據(jù)上文“we waited for more than an hour for the dough to slowly double in size. Next, we deflated（放氣）the risen dough. We divided it into two and waited for it to_____ again. Afterward, we put the dough into pans and waited another hour for the dough to double one last time. Dad said the waiting was always the hardest part because of the                    sharp, sweet smell coming from the yeast.”可知，制作面包非常費(fèi)時(shí)間，要耐心等待，才能做出好吃的面包。因此這里是爸爸讓“我”知道了耐心的重要性。故選B。【19題詳解】句意：敞開心扉分享我們想法感覺(jué)很好。考查名詞辨析及語(yǔ)境。mistakes錯(cuò)誤；backgrounds背景；dreams夢(mèng)想；thoughts想法。根據(jù)上句話“While we waited, we sat and talked.”可知，我們一邊等，一邊聊天，所以這里是和爸爸分享想法。故選D。【20題詳解】句意：我學(xué)會(huì)了放松，讓面包發(fā)酵。考查動(dòng)詞辨析及語(yǔ)境。relax放松；train訓(xùn)練，培訓(xùn)；imagine想象；compete競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，比賽。根據(jù)文意及上句話“My father taught me how to bake bread, but I think I learned to appreciate the slow passing of time.”可知，從爸爸那里學(xué)會(huì)了等待以及耐心的重要性，不再感到有壓力。A選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。閱讀理解三、閱讀下列短文, 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中, 選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。ADo you want to study at a foreign university? The followings may give you some ideas. Harvard UniversityIt is an American private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Its history, high standard of education, research influence, and wealth have made it one of the most respected universities in the world. It has produced 49 Nobel winners, 32 heads of state and 48 Pulitzer Prize winners. Set up: in 1636Official Website: http:// www. harvard. edu/University of ViennaIt is in Vienna, Austria. It's one of  the oldest universities in the world, and one of the most respected among the German-speaking peoples. Over its six-and-a-half-century history, it has grown large enough to serve 94,000 students, about a third of whom are international students from over 140 different nations. Set up: in 1365Official Website: https: //www. univie. ac. at/en/University of TorontoIt is a world leader in higher education and research, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Students can choose from more than 980 programs for university degrees and above spread over three different schoolyards. Set up: in 1827Official Website: https://www utoronto. ca/Imperial College LondonIt is a public research university in the United Kingdom, specializing engineering, medicine and business. It used to be part of the federal University of London. It is made up of many schoolyards in and around London. Set up: in 1907Official Website:http://www. imperial. ac. uk/    21. University of Toronto is in_________.A. Cambridge B. Vienna C. Ontario D. London22. If you want to visit the oldest university in four, you should choose________.A. Harvard University B. Imperial College LondonC. University of Toronto D. University of Vienna23. How many Nobel winners has Harvard produced?A. 32. B. 48. C. 49. D. 140.【答案】21. C    22. D    23. C【解析】你想去國(guó)外上大學(xué)嗎？這篇短文給我們介紹了四所國(guó)外的大學(xué)，有哈佛大學(xué)、維也納大學(xué)、多倫多大學(xué)和帝國(guó)理工學(xué)院。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三篇短文中“It is a world leader in higher education and research, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.”可知，多倫多大學(xué)在加拿大安大略省的多倫多。故選C。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中對(duì)每所大學(xué)的建立時(shí)間的介紹可知，哈佛大學(xué)建立于1636年；維也納大學(xué)建立于1365年；多倫多大學(xué)建立于1827年；帝國(guó)理工學(xué)院建立于1907年，因此最古老的是維也納大學(xué)。故選D。【23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一篇短文中“It has produced 49 Nobel winners, 32 heads of state and 48 Pulitzer Prize winners.”可知，哈佛大學(xué)產(chǎn)生了49個(gè)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者。故選C。BRyan Hrejac is a kid who is 15 and lives in Canada. Without his help, hundreds of wells that now provide fresh water for people in Africa, Central America, and India might never have been built. He travels the world to tell people how they can help solve a big problem: the need of safe drinking water in many developing countries. “Everybody can do something,” Ryan says. Ryan's efforts didn't begin in a far-off place, though, but right at home in Kemptvlle, Ontario. In 1998, when he was 6 years old, Ryan learned from his teacher that children in Africa often must walk miles each day to find water. His teacher said that some of the children even died from drinking bad water. So Ryan decided to take action. He did housework for his parents and for neighbors to make some money. He spoke to schools, churches, clubs about his idea. The word spread, and donations（捐獻(xiàn)）began coming in. After several months of hard work, Ryan had raised $2, 000, enough to dig one well. An organization called Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief（CPAR）chose a place for the well in the village of Agweo, in Uganda, eastern Africa. After the first well was built, “the ripple effect took over,” Ryan said, “and one goal led to another.” He founded Ryan's Well Foundation（基金會(huì)）four years ago to educate people about the importance of water and help more people get clean water with others' help. Now the foundation has raised more than $1.5 million and built 255 wells that could serve more than 427,000 people in 12 countries. Its website lists some of the famous people Ryan has met and the honors he has received. Ryan isn't bragging（吹噓）. “The best people I've met are the other kids who want to help, too.” he said. “The only reason I accept honors is that each word I say when I get one might help one more person.”24. What problem does Ryan want to solve?A. The poor condition of schools.B. The influence of war on children.C. The illness caused by pollution.D. The need of safe drinking water.25. Ryan himself raised money by ________.A. starting a website to get donationsB. creating an educational organizationC. doing housework and introducing his ideaD. travelling to a village across the world26. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. An Organization of Saving WaterB. A Goal to Help African PeopleC. A Boy Who Makes a DifferenceD. A Well That Brought People Together【答案】24. D    25. C    26. C【解析】這篇短文講述的是15歲的男孩Ryan在了解到很多非洲的孩子沒(méi)有飲用水，或因?yàn)轱嬘昧淤|(zhì)水而死亡這一事實(shí)后，開始籌集資金，在很多國(guó)家挖井。他還建立了基金會(huì)，教育人們水的重要性，幫助更多的人得到干凈的水。【24題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第一段“He travels the world to tell people how they can help solve a big problem: the need of safe drinking water in many developing countries.”可知，Ryan想要解決的大問(wèn)題就是很多發(fā)展中國(guó)家里安全飲水的問(wèn)題。故選D。【25題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第四段“He did housework for his parents and for neighbors to make some money. He spoke to schools, churches, clubs about his idea. The word spread, and donations（捐獻(xiàn)）began coming in.”可知，Ryan給父母和鄰居做家務(wù)賺錢，并且把他的想法告訴學(xué)校、教堂以及俱樂(lè)部，這樣人們就開始捐錢。故選C。【26題詳解】最佳標(biāo)題題。A“一個(gè)節(jié)約用水的組織”；B“幫助非洲人的目標(biāo)”；C“一個(gè)改變世界的男孩”；D“把人們團(tuán)結(jié)在一起的一口井”。根據(jù)文意可知，這篇短文講述了15歲的男孩Ryan籌集資金，幫助很多非洲國(guó)家挖井，以獲得干凈的飲用水，并創(chuàng)立基金會(huì)，幫助更多的人得到干凈的水。C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)改變世界的男孩”符合文意，故選C。CWe have recently heard some interesting ways that 5G technology might change our lives in the future. 5G promises internet speeds between 50 to 100 times faster than the present 4G systems. The technology is also built to deal with many more users without slowing services down. Such improvements are sure to be popular for 5G users worldwide. While 5G is set to start in some limited areas of the United States this year, much of the rest of the world is not expected to receive such service widely until 2023. One project called 5G Rural First in Britain, though, is already testing this superfast technology, but not on humans. Instead, the experiment involves an unlikely group of internet users-cows. The system connects the animals to 5G in an effort to automate（自動(dòng)化）the milking process. Testing areas are set up at farms in three countries of England. The cows are fitted with 5G devices（裝置）that connect to a robotic milking system. The system uses sensors（傳感器）and machine learning to fully automate the process. System designers say technology takes over after a cow feels ready to be milked and walks toward an automatic gate. The device is designed to recognize each cow. It then sets machine to the right height for milking. During the process, machines give food to the cow in return. In one of the test areas, about 50 of the farm's 180 cows are fitted with 5G smart devices and health-watching sensors. Project officials say the devices do not harm the cows and the sensors allow farmers to immediately discover any problems such as health problems. Other technology tools powering the 5G smart farms include automated brushes that turn on when the cow touches them. Sensors also control the supply of light in the cows' living areas depending on the weather. And an automatic feeding system makes sure the animals always get enough to eat. Nick Chrissos works on the project. He said the system can connect every cow, and every other animal on the whole farm. “That's what 5G can do for farming—really free the power that we have within this farm, everywhere around the United Kingdom, and everywhere around the world.”27. What's Paragraph 4 mainly about?A. How the system automates the milking process.B. How the technology knows when to milk cows.C. How the designers connect 5G devices to cows.D. How the testing areas were set up in the countries.28. According to the passage, 5G smart farms _________.A. effect huge changes on the animalsB. improve the cow operations in many waysC. make the internet speed slow down greatlyD. test the technology on both cows and people29. What's Nick Chrissos' attitude towards the 5G technology?A. Worried. B. Hopeful. C. Surprised. D. Doubtful.【答案】27. A    28. B    29. B【解析】我們都聽說(shuō)過(guò)5G技術(shù)的應(yīng)用將會(huì)對(duì)我們的生活有多么大的影響，然而在全世界范圍內(nèi)普及5G技術(shù)還需要一段時(shí)間。但英國(guó)的一些農(nóng)場(chǎng)已經(jīng)在實(shí)驗(yàn)這種技術(shù)，這種在5G技術(shù)支持下的智能系統(tǒng)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化擠奶。【27題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第四段的內(nèi)容可知，這一段具體介紹了這一智能系統(tǒng)是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)為奶牛擠奶的。A選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。【28題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文第四、五、六三段的介紹可知，這種智能化系統(tǒng)不但可以自動(dòng)給奶牛擠奶，還能迅速發(fā)現(xiàn)一些問(wèn)題，還有自動(dòng)刷、根據(jù)天氣情況控制奶牛生活區(qū)的光線以及自動(dòng)喂養(yǎng)系統(tǒng)等。由此可見，5G智能農(nóng)場(chǎng)從多個(gè)方面改善了奶牛的飼養(yǎng)。故選B。【29題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文最后一段Nick 說(shuō)話““That's what 5G can do for farming—really free the power that we have within this farm, everywhere around the United Kingdom, and everywhere around the world.””可以看到，他對(duì)5G技術(shù)的前景充滿希望。故選B。DHave you ever gone to a fast-food restaurant to eat and gotten a kid's meal that came with a toy? Sometimes those meals have different toys for boys and girls —maybe a truck for the boys and a toy bear for the girls. Who decides that boys like to play with trucks and girls like to play with stuffed animals? I know many boys who like stuffed animals and lots of girls who play with trucks. When we decide what someone will like or how they will act just because they are boys or girls, we are stereotyping（形成模式化觀念）. A stereotype is a group that we put people into. Our human brains do this all the time; it's one of the ways that our brain has learned to deal with the world. We see someone and put that person into a group—for example, the old or the young, a boy or a girl. Is that a bad thing? No, it's not. One advantage of a stereotype is that it enables us to deal with situations rapidly because we may have had a similar experience before. The use of stereotypes is a major way in which we simplify our social world; since they cut down the amount of processing（i.e. thinking）we have to do when we meet a new person. Although grouping itself isn't bad, it can be harmful sometimes. It makes us ignore differences between each single person, that is, we usually think all the people in one group are the same but that might not be true. When we stereotype, we think of a group and give everyone in that group certain characteristics. For example, the fast food restaurant believed that all boys like to play with vehicles and all girls prefer toy animals. They did that based only on whether they were boys or girls. Stereotypes are problems when beliefs that people have about groups are not necessarily true. Have you ever heard anyone say that "Men are better drivers than women"? Statements like this take a group of people and give all of them the same behaviors or characteristics. I know men who are good drivers, and I know women who are good drivers. It's not fair to judge all people in a group by a stereotype. We need to remember that everyone in the group is an individual who has different abilities, interests, strengths and behaviors.30. The example of different toys for boys and girls is mentioned to show that_________.A. boys and girls prefer different toysB. boys and girls are treated unfairlyC. people sometimes mix children's likesD. people have fixed ideas on things31. Which of the following stereotypes is useful?A. Making friends by his appearance.B. Boys do better in science than girls.C. Youth easily do unreasonable things.D. Red signs on the road warn us of danger.32. The underlined word “ignore” in Paragraph 4 probably means _________.A. fail to notice B. fail to trust C. fail to search D. fail to face33. What does the writer want to tell us about stereotyping?A. Stereotyping is like a coin which has two sides.B. It helps our brain learn to deal with similar situations.C. Judging people by stereotyping them makes things hard.D. Trying to learn about and form some kinds of them stereotypes.【答案】30. D    31. D    32. A    33. A【解析】模式化觀念就是我們把人們放在某一個(gè)群體里，產(chǎn)生固有印象。模式化觀念既有優(yōu)點(diǎn)，也有缺點(diǎn)。優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它能使我們迅速處理各種情況，簡(jiǎn)化社會(huì)世界；缺點(diǎn)是它會(huì)讓我們忽視每個(gè)個(gè)體之間的差異。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文第一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者先從生活中的事例出發(fā)，目的是給讀者引出模式化觀念這一概念，然后對(duì)它進(jìn)行具體的介紹。D選項(xiàng)符合文意，故選D。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文第三段“One advantage of a stereotype is that it enables us to deal with situations rapidly because we may have had a similar experience before.”可知，模式化觀念的一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是使我們根據(jù)以前的相似經(jīng)歷，快速處理各種情況。結(jié)合生活常識(shí)可知，紅色會(huì)起到警告的作用，D選項(xiàng)符合文意，故選D。A、B和C三項(xiàng)都是模式化觀念產(chǎn)生的不好的影響。【32題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“It makes us ignore differences between each single person, that is, we usually think all the people in one group are the same but that might not be true.”“它使我們……每個(gè)個(gè)體之間的差異，認(rèn)為一個(gè)群體里所有人都是一樣的”，由此可猜測(cè)ignore意為“忽視”，即“沒(méi)能注意到……”，故選A。【33題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)短文第三段“One advantage of a stereotype is that it enables us to deal with situations rapidly because we may have had a similar experience before.”可知，這里介紹了模式化觀念的優(yōu)點(diǎn)；再根據(jù)第四段“Although grouping itself isn't bad, it can be harmful sometimes.”可知，模式化觀念也有缺點(diǎn)。A選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)硬幣都有兩面”符合文意，故選A。B和C兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)太片面；D選項(xiàng)不符合文意。四、閱讀短文, 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題。In England, people buy bus tickets on the bus. In France, they buy them at a bus station. In Australia, they can buy them from a magazine store. Books on cross-cultural communication make us curious by focusing on differences between people across the world: in social behavior and the importance of their body language, etc. For example, how close you stand to someone when you are speaking to him is different in different cultures. Surveys in most countries tell us that the proper distance（距離）of two people standing in a social situation is between 1. 2 metres and 3.5 metres. But in China, this distance seems to be smaller, while in Sweden, people usually stand farther. The message sent by the way you stand or sit is another condition. For example, it is quite common in European countries to sit with your legs crossed. But people in Arab countries hardly ever sit in this way—because they might show you the bottom of their shoes, and it is thought to be impolite. Such information fills the pages of guides for travellers and international business people. Clearly it is important to know a little about eating customs and the rules about basic greetings—whether you should bow or shake someone's hands. But under the surface, we are not so different. There are many signs that are common in the emotions（情感）that they communicate. Smiling is the best known of these, but not the only one. Scientists have proven that all over the world, people show sadness in a similar way. People look down with their face “falling” and mouth corner turning down. There are also common factors when people are bored. They will look at other things in an distracted（漫不經(jīng)心的） way--their watches, for example. Their feet will begin to move restlessly showing that they want to escape. Understanding these body languages and acting properly is the real key to cross-cultural communication. If we all pay just a little attention, it is impossible that we will cause lasting inconvenience by using the wrong body language or standing too near to strangers and then make them feel uncomfortable.34. Where do people in England buy bus tickets?35. What is the proper distance of two people standing in most countries?36. Why do people in Arab countries hardly sit with their legs crossed?37. How do people around the world show sadness in a similar way?38. What is the passage mainly about?【答案】34. On the bus.    35. Between 1.2 metres and 3.5 metres.    36. Because they might show you the bottom of their shoes, and it is thought to be impolite.    37. People look down with their face “falling” and mouth comer turning down    38. The differences in social behavior between people across the world and the importance of body language. /Understanding the body languages and acting properly is the real key to cross-cultural communication.【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了在跨文化交際情景中，不同國(guó)家的社交禮儀等有所不同，也有相同之處。人們需要了解不同的文化背景與習(xí)俗、了解恰當(dāng)?shù)闹w語(yǔ)言才能不出錯(cuò)或使別人不適。【34題詳解】根據(jù)“In England, people buy bus tickets on the bus”，可知英國(guó)人在公交車上買票，故答案為On the bus.【35題詳解】根據(jù)“Surveys in most countries tell us that the proper distance（距離）of two people standing in a social situation is between 1. 2 metres and 3.5 metres”，可知多數(shù)國(guó)家兩人之間保持的距離是在1.2米到3.5米之間，故答案為Between 1.2 metres and 3.5 metres.【36題詳解】根據(jù)“But people in Arab countries hardly ever sit in this way—because they might show you the bottom of their shoes, and it is thought to be impolite”，可知因?yàn)檫@會(huì)讓別人看到鞋底，這在阿拉伯是被認(rèn)為不禮貌的，故答案為Because they might show you the bottom of their shoes, and it is thought to be impolite.【37題詳解】根據(jù)“Scientists have proven that all over the world, people show sadness in a similar way. People look down with their face “falling” and mouth corner turning down”，可知是低頭拉下臉、嘴角向下，故答案為People look down with their face “falling” and mouth comer turning down.【38題詳解】通讀全文，可知文章主要介紹了在跨文化交際情景中，不同國(guó)家的社交禮儀等有所不同，也有相同之處。人們需要了解不同的文化背景與習(xí)俗、了解恰當(dāng)?shù)闹w語(yǔ)言才能不出錯(cuò)或使別人不適。故答案為The differences in social behavior between people across the world and the importance of body language. /Understanding the body languages and acting properly is the real key to cross-cultural communication.書面表達(dá)五、文段表達(dá)請(qǐng)從下面兩個(gè)題目中任選一題, 根據(jù)中文和英文提示, 完成一篇不少于50詞的文段寫作。文中已給出內(nèi)容不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。所給提示詞語(yǔ)僅供選用。請(qǐng)不要寫出你的校名和姓名。 39.日前長(zhǎng)城再次因?yàn)楸粊y涂亂畫（scribbling）成為熱點(diǎn)話題。針對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象, 你們學(xué)校開展了宣傳保護(hù)古跡的演講比賽, 假如你是李華, 你們班交換生Jack詢問(wèn)你關(guān)于比賽的情況, 請(qǐng)你寫一封回信, 告訴他演講比賽什么時(shí)候舉行, 并分享你關(guān)于演講的想法。提示詞語(yǔ): harmful, history, culture, volunteer, famous sights提示問(wèn)題:●When will we hold the speech? ●What would you like to share with Jack about making the speech? Dear Jack, I'm glad to receive your letter. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________If there is anything more that I can help with, please let me know.Yours, Li Hua.【答案】例文Dear Jack,I'm glad to receive your letter. The speech you asked will be set at 9 o'clock on Saturday morning in our school's meeting hall. I hope you can come and join us. I think everyone feels angry about scribbling in famous sights because it's a very bad behaviour. In my opinion, talking about how we can protect the famous sights is a good idea. For example, during the weekends, we can be volunteers and prevent scribbling in the famous sights. To raise people s awareness, we can also call on them to protect our famous sights on the Internet. I am sure the audience can understand what you mean if you relax and speak slowly and clearly in the speech. If there is anything more that I can help with, please let me know.   Yours,Li Hua.【解析】【詳解】題干解讀：這篇作文要求以李華的身份給Jack寫信，告訴關(guān)于保護(hù)古跡的演講比賽的情況以及你對(duì)這次演講的想法。題目設(shè)置貼合學(xué)生們的實(shí)際生活，考查學(xué)生們用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的能力。審題可知，短文中應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容：首先介紹演講比賽舉行的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)；然后發(fā)表自己對(duì)保護(hù)古跡的一些看法。這些都是開放式的話題，學(xué)生們應(yīng)結(jié)合自己的實(shí)際情況，組織語(yǔ)言，然后用正確的英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行表達(dá)。短文應(yīng)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主，第一人稱敘述。例文點(diǎn)評(píng)：這是一篇優(yōu)秀的作文，短文有以下幾個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)：首先文章內(nèi)容完整，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。短文包括五段，其中開頭和結(jié)尾是題目中給出的，作者主要寫了中間的三段，第二段介紹了演講比賽的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)；第三段點(diǎn)明了演講比賽的話題；第四段是主體段，介紹了自己對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象的看法。文章主次分明，條理清晰。其次短文中使用了正確的時(shí)態(tài)和人稱，語(yǔ)法規(guī)范，用詞準(zhǔn)確。句式結(jié)構(gòu)以簡(jiǎn)單句為主，穿插使用了賓語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等復(fù)雜句式，表達(dá)流暢，意思連貫。高分亮點(diǎn)：短語(yǔ)：in my opinion；for example；call on。句型：The speech you asked will be set at 9 o'clock on Saturday morning in our school's meeting hall.；I think everyone feels angry about scribbling in famous sights because it's a very bad behaviour.；To raise people s awareness, we can also call on them to protect our famous sights on the Internet.；I am sure the audience can understand what you mean if you relax and speak slowly and clearly in the speech. 40.“只有身體好才能學(xué)習(xí)好、工作好, 才能均衡地發(fā)展”—周恩來(lái)。此次新冠疫情爆發(fā)（coronavirus outbreak）雖然限制了我們的活動(dòng)范圍, 但是我們還要堅(jiān)持日常鍛煉的習(xí)慣。請(qǐng)你談?wù)勗谝咔橛绊懴洛憻捝眢w的重要性, 以及我們?cè)诩胰绾芜M(jìn)行鍛煉。提示詞語(yǔ): keep healthy, fight against, gymnastics, push-up, sit-up. 提示問(wèn)題: ●Why do we need to do exercises during the coronavirus outbreak? ●How do we do exercises at home? Without enough exercises, we can't have a happy life. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文Without enough exercises, we can't have a happy life. Doing exercises during the outbreak of coronavirus is especially important, because it's a good way to keep us healthy in order to fight against the coronavirus. There're various ways of doing exercise at home and you should choose what suits you best. It's a good idea to download the videos of gymnastics, and do it regularly. We can also do some simple exercises, such as push-ups and sit-ups. Having a match with our parents will make the exercises interesting and exciting. Only by doing enough exercises can we stay fit and win the war with coronavirus.【解析】【詳解】1. 題干解讀：本題屬于話題作文，在寫作時(shí)第一段應(yīng)承接開頭，同時(shí)點(diǎn)明了在疫情影響下鍛煉身體的重要性；第二段就我們?cè)诩胰绾芜M(jìn)行鍛煉具體介紹；第三段進(jìn)行總結(jié)。2. 例文點(diǎn)評(píng)：例文采用三段式；用第一人稱來(lái)介紹鍛煉身體的重要性和在家如何進(jìn)行鍛煉，顯得生動(dòng)形象，平易近人；時(shí)態(tài)采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，顯得不偏不倚，客觀公正。最后一段用倒裝句進(jìn)行結(jié)尾，顯得干脆有力。3. 高分亮點(diǎn)：短語(yǔ)：in order to；keep healthy；fight against；such as；stay fit；win the war。句型：because、and連詞的使用；it作形式主語(yǔ)；賓語(yǔ)從句；動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)；倒裝句。
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