What is the functin f the- ing frm in each sentence belw? Can yu express the same ideas withut using the -ing frm?
1 As yu can imagine，getting burnt can lead t very serius injuries. 作主語 As yu can imagine， if yu get burnt，it can lead t very serius injuries. 2 The first and mst imprtant step in the treatment f burns is giving first aid. 作表語 The first and mst imprtant step in the treatment f burns is t give first aid. 3 It is best t place burns under cl running water，especially within the first ten minutes. 作定語 It is best t run sme cl water and place burns under it， especially within the first ten minutes.
4 Remve any clthes using scissrs if necessary，unless yu see 作狀語the fabric sticking t the burnt skin. Use scissrs t remve any 賓語補(bǔ)足語 clthes if necessary， unless yu find that the fabric sticks t the burnt skin. 5 Yu can prtect the burnt area by cvering it with a lse clean 作賓語 clth. T prtect the burnt area， yu can cver it with a lse clean clth.
-ing的句法功能作定語:說明被修飾詞的性質(zhì)、特征、用途，或所修飾的人/事物的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)，如: a visiting?schlar、the?girl?wearing?a?red?hat。作表語:說明主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或內(nèi)容，如 :? ·The?film?is?interesting.? ·His?hbby?is?cllecting stamps.作賓語補(bǔ)足語:補(bǔ)充說明賓語正在進(jìn)行的感官動(dòng)作、心理狀態(tài)或使役動(dòng)作等，如:? · I?smell smething?burning?in?the?kitchen.? ·They?kept?us?waiting?fr?ver?tw?hurs?yesterday.
-ing的句法功能作狀語:表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、條件、結(jié)果、原因或伴隨狀況等，如:? Seeing?thse?pictures, he?remembered?his?childhd.作主語:表示事物化、抽象化概念，?如:? · Seeing?is?believing.? · It's?n?use?crying?ver?spit?milk.作賓語:表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，或代替it作真正的賓語，如:? ·We?tried?t?avid?making?mistakes.? · I dn't?think?it?pssible?living?in?such?a?cld?place.
Replace each underlined part with a suitable -ing frm and rewrite the sentence as necessary. Wrk with a partner and summarise the different structures f the -ing frm. When is each ne used?
1　When he gt ut f the bathtub，he slipped and fell n the flr. When ________ut f the bathtub， he slipped and fell n the flr. 2　Is there any reasn why we are nt ging t have the first-aid training this week? Is there any reasn fr ___________the first-aid training this week?
3 She had been tld abut the risk f electric shcks and this made her very careful while using hairdryers. __________________abut the risk f electric shcks，she was very careful while using hairdryers. 4 Because the child was nt watched carefully by his parents，he tuched a ht irn and burnt his finger. ________________carefully by his parents，the child tuched a ht irn and burnt his finger. 5 After she had been bitten by msquites，she applied sme medicine t her skin. After ________________________by msquites，she applied sme medicine t her skin.
Having been tld
Nt being watched
being/having been bitten
nt being dne
nt having dne
nt having been dne
Cmplete the passage with the crrect frms f the given wrds. What happened t Mrs Taylr?
Mrs Taylr was an elderly wman 　　 （live） alne. One day，she was in her living rm cleaning the windws, when suddenly she culd n lnger feel the right side f her bdy. _______（try）t walk t her sfa t sit dwn, she fell ver nt the carpet. Then she realised that she culd nt get up, and that she was having truble _________（breathe）. Frtunately, she had her mbile phne with her，and she was able t reach it with her left hand while _____ （lie）n the flr. Her mbile phne____________ ______ （already, set up） t call an emergency number at the push f a buttn, s it was easy t call fr help. While attempting
was already
t talk t the peratr，Mrs Taylr discvered that she culd nt speak. ___________ （nt, hear） an answer, the peratr knew that Mrs Taylr must be in truble. Telling Mrs Taylr that everything wuld be OK, she immediately sent an ambulance. After _______（arrive）, the ambulance team quickly fund Mrs Taylr and withut delay gave her xygen, put in an IV needle，and checked her vital signs._________________（take）t the hspital and treated immediately, Mrs Taylr’s health was in n great danger，thugh she had t stay in the hspital ward . After a week，her ___________ （frighten） experience was ver, and she was allwed t g hme.
Having been taken
frightening
She had a strke when she was alne at hme. She called fr an ambulance and was saved in time.
Make sentences with the fllwing clues. Then try t frm a lgical paragraph by putting sme f the sentences tgether. Pay attentin t the use f the -ing frm.
Reacting rapidly in times f emergency… Reacting rapidly in times f emergency is f urgent imprtance. Nt hesitating fr a single secnd,… Nt hesitating fr a single secnd，Paul ran t help the victim. Having called the ambulance,… Having called the ambulance，Paul began rescue breathing. I stpped his bleeding by… I stpped his bleeding by pressing dwn n the wund with a piece f gauze.
When carrying ut rescue breathing,.. When carrying ut rescue breathing，it is imprtant t clear the victim’s muth and tilt his head back.Being educated n hw t respnd t life-threatening situatins, ... Being educated n hw t respnd t life-threatening situatins， Paul was cnfident that he knew what t d.The man was thankful fr ... The man was thankful fr Paul’s quick actin in saving his life.
It was an inspiring experience and I think in the future I'll keep … It was an inspiring experience and I think in the future I’ll keep learning new life-saving techniques. T learn mre first-aid techniques, I'm cnsidering … T learn mre first-aid techniques，I’m cnsidering signing up fr lessns at the Red Crss. When I saw bld flwing ut frm his arm, I culdn't help… When I saw bld flwing ut frm his arm，I culdn’t help but run t his aid.
The ther day when Paul was walking in a park，he saw a yung man lying face dwn in a pl f water. Being educated n hw t respnd t life-threatening situatins，Paul was cnfident that he knew what t d. Nt hesitating fr a single secnd，Paul ran t help the victim. He pulled the man frm the water and saw that he was n lnger breathing. Having called the ambulance，Paul began rescue breathing. When carrying ut rescue breathing，it is imprtant t clear the victim’s muth and tilt his head back. Paul cntinued ding this until the ambulance arrived. They were able t revive him. The man was thankful fr Paul’s quick actin in saving his life. Reacting rapidly in times f emergency is f urgent imprtance.
Wrk in pairs and discuss the fllwing questins.
1 What shuld peple d when facing a frightening experience like Mrs Taylr’s? When having a frightening experience like Mrs Taylr’s，peple shuld try t get help，like she did. 2 What are sme risks that elderly peple may encunter when living alne? When living alne，elderly peple may fall r get injured，and nt be able t help themselves r even call fr help.
3 What can we d t help prevent elderly peple frm taking unnecessary risks? T help prevent elderly peple frm taking unnecessary risks，we shuld make sure that their hmes are easy t get arund in，with handrails（扶手）， ramps（斜坡） instead f stairs，and even walking surfaces（人行道）.
Language pints
單元語法 復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式的變化 （以 d 為例）（1）動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式的一般式：ding 表示動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生或表示一般情況。During the rsy years f elementary schl，I enjyed sharing my dlls and jkes. 在小學(xué)的美好歲月里，我喜歡分享我的玩具和笑話。
（2）動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式的完成式：having dne 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前。 Having returned frm a lng bike ride，I was tired and bathed in sweat. 騎自行車跑了很長一段路返回后，我身體疲憊，汗流浹背。（3）動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式的主動(dòng)式表示它的邏輯主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。 He insisted n participating in vluntary wrk every week. 他堅(jiān)持每周參加志愿活動(dòng)。（4）動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式的被動(dòng)式表示它的邏輯主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。He can’t stand being blamed fr thers’ fault. 他忍受不了因?yàn)閯e人的過錯(cuò)而受責(zé)備。
（5）動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式加上自己的邏輯主語，便構(gòu)成了動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其邏輯 主語可以是形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格、人稱代詞的賓格、名詞普通格。 位于句首時(shí)，邏輯主語只能用形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格。Tm’s/His being utspken wn ur respect.湯姆的坦誠贏得了我們的尊敬。We are lking frward t his/him/Tm’s/Tm cming t deliver a speech t us. 我們盼望著他 / 湯姆來給我們作演講。
指出下列句中動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式As is ften the case，nbdy likes being laughed at in public. 　 __________　　(2) He is very kind and likes helping thse wh are in truble. 　　　 _______ __(3) On seeing the rescue wrkers，they felt a sense f relief and tears flded their eyes. __________(4) Nt having received the helmet and bt，I telephned the seller. 　　　 __________(5) Mary’s nt passing the exam made her mther very angry. 　　　 ______________
-ing 形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
單句語法填空(6)Every student was silent，　　　?。╳ait）t see wh wuld be called upn t read his r her paragraph alud.(7)　 　　　　（wait） in the rain fr half an hur，the audience began t feel impatient.(8) 　 　　　?。╟ause） great damage t the twn，the rain stpped at last.(9)The car brke dwn n the way，　　　　（cause） the delay.(10)The ld man insisted n 　 　　　?。╣ive）the night shift，saying he had n ne t take care f.
Having waited
Having caused
being given
2 動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作主語（1）位置動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作主語時(shí)通常有兩種位置：一種是位于句首，另一種是 it 作形式主語, 而將動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式后置。Building up a dream team is mre cmplex than simply hiring the best talent. 建立一個(gè)夢(mèng)想團(tuán)隊(duì)比簡單地雇用最好的人才更復(fù)雜?！緦W(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Having seen a lt f the wrld in ne’s yuth is a gd thing. 年輕時(shí)見過很多世面是一件好事。
（2）常用動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作主語的句型 It is a waste f time ding... 做……是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。 It is n gd/use ding... 做……是沒用的。 It is wrthwhile ding... 做……是值得的。 It is n fun ding... 做……沒有樂趣。 It is a waste f time arguing with him abut the matter. 同他爭辯這件事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。 It is n gd/use regretting. 悔恨是沒用的。 It is n use crying ver spilt milk. 牛奶已灑，哭也白搭。（覆水難收。）
（3）動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式和 t d 作主語時(shí)的區(qū)別動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作主語表示比較抽象的一般行為，而不定式作主語往往表示具體的或一次性 的動(dòng)作。 Singing is my hbby，and t sing at the cncert is my dream. 唱歌是我的愛好，在音樂會(huì)上唱歌是我的夢(mèng)想。
單句語法填空(1)　　　　?。╮elearn） the art f seeing the wrld arund us is quite simple，althugh it takes practice and requires breaking sme bad habits.(2) As a chef，　　　　（study）Chinese cuisine is what he ften des whether in wrk r at hme.(3) It’s a waste f time just 　　　　（wait）. We shuld engage urselves in the search wrk.(4) 　　　　 ?。╡xpse） t lud nise can d damage t yur hearing.(5) 　　　　 （share） is als a way t cut dwn living expenses.
Being expsed
完成句子(6) 　　　　　　　　　　　　 （懷疑他沒有用）. We need t find ut sme evidence.(7) 　　　　　　　　　　?。ㄆ诖菦]用的） the teacher t verlk yur careless mistakes. 　
It is n use suspecting him
It is n gd expecting
3 動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作表語（1）動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作表語表示抽象的、一般性的行為，用來說明主語的內(nèi)容或者某種性質(zhì)或特征，表語和主語?？苫Q位置。Her jb is keeping the lecture hall as clean as pssible. 她的工作是使演講廳盡可能地干凈。（2）動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作表語，表示主語的某種性質(zhì)和特征，這類動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式通?？梢钥醋餍稳菰~。Bacteria are annying fr astrnauts in space.細(xì)菌對(duì)于在太空的宇航員來說是很煩人的。
【誤區(qū)警示】 動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作表語表抽象的一般性的行為，而不定式作表語表一次具體的動(dòng)作或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事。 Tny’s hbby is drawing，but nw what he wants t d is（t） dance. 托尼的愛好是畫畫，可是現(xiàn)在他想要做的是跳舞。
單句語法填空(1) Judging frm his lk，the news was 　　　　?。╯hck）.(2) The situatin bth at hme and abrad is very__________　　　　?。╥nspire）.(3) One part f his wrk is 　　 （make）mnthly advertising budgets.(4) One mistake yu made is 　　　　?。╥gnre）the difference between the tw findings.(5) Yur task fr the next few days is 　　　?。╮ead） the adaptatin frm the nvel.
4 動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作賓語 （1）作動(dòng)詞的賓語接動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作賓語的常用動(dòng)詞（短語）有：avid，miss，delay/put ff 避免 錯(cuò)過 少延期advise/ suggest，finish，practise 建議 完成 多練習(xí)enjy，imagine，can’t help 喜歡 想象 禁不住admit，deny，envy 承認(rèn) 否定 與嫉妒escape，risk，excuse 逃避 冒險(xiǎn) 莫原諒stand，keep，mind 忍受 保持 不介意 T avid being nticed，he slipped int the rm. 為了不被注意到，他悄悄地溜進(jìn)房間。
（2）作介詞的賓語常用動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作賓語的短語有：give up，dream f，be fnd f，be cncerned abut，feel like，insist n，think f，set abut 等。I dream f sailing arund the wrld and leading a happy life.我夢(mèng)想著環(huán)游世界，過上幸福的生活?！菊`區(qū)警示】下列短語中的 t 是介詞，后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作賓語。be addicted t，be accustmed t，devte neself t，be used t，lk frward t，get dwn t，stick t，bject t，pay attentin t，lead t，cntribute t
【學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】(1) 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語時(shí)，如果動(dòng)作不是主語發(fā)出，則需加邏輯主語。 Wuld yu mind pening the windw? 你介意打開窗戶嗎？ Wuld yu mind me/my /Tm/ Tm’s pening the windw? 你介意我 / 湯姆打開窗戶嗎？(2) 當(dāng)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作先后時(shí)既可以用ding也可以用having dne作賓語。 He admitted having referred /referring t his ntes in the exam. 他承認(rèn)在考試中查閱了筆記。(3) 接動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式或 t d 作賓語時(shí)意義差別不大的動(dòng)詞有：begin， start，cntinue，like，lve，prefer，hate 等。 Statistics shw that prices will cntinue rising/t rise. 統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，物價(jià)將持續(xù)上漲。
(4) 接動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式或 t d 作賓語時(shí)意義差別較大的動(dòng)詞有： remember/frget t d sth. 記著 / 忘記要做某事 remember/frget ding sth. 記著 / 忘記做過某事 regret t d/ ding sth. 遺憾要做 / 后悔做了某事 try t d/ ding sth. 努力做 / 試著做某事 mean t d/ ding sth. 打算做 / 意味著做某事 stp t d/ ding sth. 停下來去做（另一件事）/ 停止做某事 can’t help（t） d/ding sth. 不能幫忙做 / 禁不住做某事 They stpped t have a lk at the fantastic scenery. 他們停下來，看了看這美妙絕倫的風(fēng)景。 They stpped wrking and had a rest. 他們停止工作，休息了一下
(5) 動(dòng)詞 think/cnsider/find/feel/believe 后面可以用 it 作形式賓語， 動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作真正的賓語 D yu cnsider it gd trying again? 你覺得再試一次有用嗎？(6) 動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作介詞賓語，介詞可省略的短語有： spend time/mney（in） ding be busy（in） ding prevent/stp sb.（frm） ding have truble/difficulty/a prblem/a gd time（in） ding The plice had much difficulty（in）finding ut the cnnectin between the man and the case. 警方頗費(fèi)周折才查明這個(gè)人與該案的關(guān)聯(lián)。
(7) 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 need，require，want 作“需要”講時(shí)，接動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作賓語， 表示被動(dòng)含義，相當(dāng)于 t be dne。 The rm needs equipping /t be equipped with a vide camera. 這個(gè)房間需要安裝一臺(tái)攝像機(jī)。
單句語法填空(1) When it cmes t 　　　?。╣ive） first aid，we shuld learn frm this paramedic.(2) Sme peple believe that they can’t help　　　?。╬ut）n weight as they get lder.(3) I’d advise 　　　　?。╞uy）yur tickets well in advance if yu want t travel in August.(4) He regretted 　 　　　?。╯elect）this mbile phne which cst him an arm and a leg.(5) Generally speaking，many cmpanies prefer emplying a skilled wrker t　　　　?。╡mply）a new graduate wh has n practical experience.
selecting/ having selected
(6)The chance f 　 　　　?。╝ttack）by a shark is very little cmpared t ther dangers.(7) Several f these washers and dryers are ut f rder and need 　　　　?。╮epair）.(8)The band was lking frward t 　　　　 （becme）famus vernight.(9) T be hnest，I have never imagined him　　　　 （wander）aimlessly deep int night.(10) I remember the bss 　　　　（lk）this thin girl ver and telling me I had a week t prve I culd d it. 　　　
being attacked
(11)When I arrived hme，my daughter pretended t be practising 　　　　（play）the pian.(12) In this way，yu are able t keep it n yur radar fr a while withut 　　　　（feel） pressured. (13) She suggested us 　　　 （g）t the Great Wall fr the spring uting.(14) The advisr spent much time 　　　　?。╞serve）every student’s characters.　　　
完成句子(15) In the face f the big fire，many peple in the fire-stricken areas mved ut t 　　　　　　　 （逃避被大火燒到）.(16) I didn’t mean 　　　　　　?。ǔ詵|西）but the ice cream lked s gd that I ___________________（忍不住嘗了嘗）.(17) In my mind，they help us t becme calm and ________________（考慮要去贏） and slving real prblems as well.(18) She is very prud and can’t stand 　　 　　　　　　　（被瞧不起）by thers.
escape being burned
culdn’t help trying it
cnsider winning
being lked dwn upn
t eat anything
5 動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，賓語與賓補(bǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。（1） 作動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語能跟動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作賓補(bǔ)，常見的感官動(dòng)詞有：see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，listen t，lk at，ntice，bserve；其他動(dòng)詞有 set，keep，have，get，leave，catch 等。 They use cmputers t keep the traffic running smthly. 他們使用電腦來保持交通暢通。
【誤區(qū)警示】①感官動(dòng)詞后用 ding 作賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；用 d 作賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作的全過程。 I saw Linda whispering t Danny. 我看見琳達(dá)正在和丹尼交頭接耳。（表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行） I saw Linda whisper t Danny. 我看見琳達(dá)和丹尼交頭接耳。（表示動(dòng)作的全過程） ②有些動(dòng)詞，如 regard，describe，accept，think f，lk n 后，可由as 引出動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作賓補(bǔ)。 They describe the film starring Luis as being attractive. 他們說那部由路易斯主演的影片很吸引人。
（2）作介詞 with 的賓補(bǔ)在 “with+ 賓語 +ding” 結(jié)構(gòu)中，ding 表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行。 With the final exam appraching，the students are studying harder.由于期末考試要到了，學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)更加努力了?！菊`區(qū)警示】 “with+ 賓語 +dne”表示被動(dòng)或完成；“with+ 賓語 +t d”表示尚未發(fā)生。 He lay in bed with his eyes fcused n the ceiling.他躺在床上，眼睛盯著天花板。With an interview t take，he felt a little nervus.要參加面試，他感到有點(diǎn)兒緊張。
單句語法填空(1)We shuldn’t keep him 　　　　　（cntinue）t waste his time playing games.(2) When I came in，I saw Linda 　 　　?。╟mfrt） the crying girl.(3) China’s image is imprving steadily, with mre cuntries___________ 　 　　?。╮ecgnize） its rle in internatinal affairs.(4) After the party, mst guests left, with nly tw f them _________　　　　　（remain） in the hst family，helping her clean up.　　　　 　
(5) The yung man was caught 　　　　　（steal）his neighbur’s water pump.(6) The living rm is clean and tidy，with a Christmas tree _________　　　　?。╯tand）in the middle.(7) He was just abut t sit dwn when he felt smething ___________　　　　?。╩ve）near his feet.(8) Hearing the scream，the peratr rushed ut，leaving the machine still　　　　?。╮un）.(9) We held ur breath when watching the dctr 　 　?。╠eal ） with the swllen skin.
6 動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作定語（1）表示被修飾詞的屬性、作用或用途，意為“供……用”，相當(dāng)于介詞 fr 短語，常置于被修飾詞之前。 a sleeping car = a car fr sleep 臥鋪車廂 a waiting rm = a rm fr waiting 候車室 a bathing cap = a cap fr bathing 浴帽 a walking stick = a stick fr walking 拐杖
（2）表示被修飾詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，被修飾詞與動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作定語時(shí)，放在被修飾詞之前；動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式短語作定語時(shí)，則放在被修飾詞之后。 a singing bird = a bird that is sing 正在唱歌的鳥兒 The girl perfrming n the stage has a gift fr dance.=The girl wh is perfrming n the stage has a gift fr dance.在舞臺(tái)上表演的那個(gè)女孩有舞蹈天賦。【誤區(qū)警示】動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式的完成式 having dne 一般只用來作狀語，不作定語。被地震破壞的廟宇很快將被重建。The twer having been destryed will be rebuilt.（×）The twer which has been destryed will be rebuilt.（√）
【學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式和動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式作定語的區(qū)別：(1) 過去分詞作定語（dne）表示被動(dòng)，動(dòng)作已完成。 the stadium built last year（已經(jīng)建完）(2) 動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式的被動(dòng)式作定語（being dne）表示被動(dòng)，動(dòng)作正 在發(fā)生。 the stadium being built nw（正在被建）(3) 不定式的被動(dòng)式作定語（t be dne）表示被動(dòng)，動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生。 the stadium t be built next year（將要建造）
單句語法填空(1)The next thing he saw was smke 　　?。╮ise） frm behind the huse.(2) Generally speaking，the flwers　　　　　（smell） sweet can attract mre bees.(3)A wman asked the schl t accept her sn，wh has a 　　　?。╤ear）disability.(4) Lk ver there—there’s a winding path 　　　　 （lead） t the huse.(5)She gt an e-mail 　　　 （ask） fr her credit card accunt number.(6) There’s a nte pinned t the dr　　　?。╯ay） when the shp will pen.
完成句子(7) These ld huses 　　　　　　?。ㄗ匪莸剑﹖he 1500s are under repair nw.(8) Advertisers attempt t catch the readers’ interest with pictures and 　 　　?。钊伺d奮的標(biāo)題）.(9) Tday there are mre airplanes 　　 　　　　　?。ㄝd著更多人） than ever befre in the sky.　 　 　
dating back t
exciting headlines
carrying mre peple
7 動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作狀語動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作狀語可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨等，且可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語從句或并列句中的一個(gè)分句。（1）時(shí)間狀語動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于 when，while 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。Seeing the ld phts，I remembered my adlescence.看到這些老照片，我想起了我的青春期。（2）原因狀語動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作原因狀語，一般位于句首，相當(dāng)于 as, since, because 等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。Having been threatened by a rbber，he dared nt g t the plice.由于受到強(qiáng)盜的威脅，他不敢報(bào)警。
（3）條件狀語 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作條件狀語，相當(dāng)于 if，unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀 語從句。 Ging straight dwn the rad，yu will find the canteen. 沿著這條路直走，你就會(huì)找到食堂。（4）讓步狀語 動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于讓步狀語從句。 Having failed many times，I still have faith in my future. 盡管失敗多次，我仍然對(duì)未來充滿信心。
（5）結(jié)果狀語動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作結(jié)果狀語，表示必然的結(jié)果，它常常位于句末。有時(shí)為了突出結(jié)果，前可加 thus，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)含有并列謂語的簡單句。 The wind swept thrugh the windw，making the rm very cl. = The wind swept thrugh the windw，and made the rm very cl. 風(fēng)吹過窗戶，使得房間里非常涼爽。【誤區(qū)警示】動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)表示必然的結(jié)果，而不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示一種出乎意料的 結(jié)果，常與 nly，never 連用。 He lifted the stne nly t drp it n his wn feet. 他搬起石頭卻砸了自己的腳。
（6）方式或伴隨狀語 動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作方式或伴隨狀語時(shí)，動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。表示伴隨或方式的動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式可與句子一起轉(zhuǎn)換成 and連接的并列成分。 Tm slwly walked away，cmplaining abut the cld weather. Tm slwly walked away，and cmplained abut the cld weather. 湯姆慢慢地走開了，抱怨天氣太冷。
（7）連詞 + 動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式 動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作狀語時(shí)，可以根據(jù)意義在其前加上連詞，如when，nce，thugh， althugh，unless，as if/ thugh，even if/ thugh等，表示更加明確的含義。有時(shí)這類結(jié)構(gòu) 也可視為狀語從句的省略。 Thugh having been there twice，he still culdn’t find the rm. 盡管去過那里兩次，他仍然找不到那個(gè)房間。
（8）獨(dú)立成分 有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式并不表示句子主語的動(dòng)作，而是表示說話人的態(tài)度，稱為分詞的獨(dú)立成分。常用的這類獨(dú)立成分有： generally/ strictly speaking 一般說來 / 嚴(yán)格地說 frankly/ hnestly speaking 坦白地說 / 誠實(shí)地說 judging frm/by... 由……判斷 talking f... 談到…… Hnestly speaking，all f his savings are dnated t the hmeless. 說實(shí)話，他所有的積蓄都捐給了無家可歸的人。
（9）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語如果不是句子主語，則需要加自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，即：名詞 / 代詞 +ding。 It being Sunday，many peple g t the gymnasium t wrk ut. 今天是周日，很多人都去健身房鍛煉。【誤區(qū)警示】獨(dú)立主格的特點(diǎn)是意思完整，但沒有謂語動(dòng)詞，所以不是句子，不需要連詞，而狀語從句則須有連詞連接主從句。If weather permits，I will make a trip t Inner Mnglia.=Weather permitting，I will make a trip t Inner Mnglia.如果天氣允許，我將去內(nèi)蒙古旅行。
單句語法填空(1) I left fr the land f warmth and vitamin C，　　　　?。╰hink） f beaches and range trees.(2) Yu have t prepare the next questin 　 　　　　（depend） n the presentatin.(3) 　　　　　（walk） in the street，he felt really free and pleased.(4) Unless 　　　?。╯ee）the changes with yur wn eyes，yu will never believe their greatness.(5) 　 　　　?。╯peak）up his pinin，he set dwn t rganize a grup.
Having spken
(6) I had as much fun sailing the seas as I nw d 　　　　 （wrk）with students.(7) 　 　?。╰ry）many times，he still culdn’t figure ut their link.(8) A city is the prduct f the human hand and mind，__________　　　　 （shw） man’s intelligence and creativity. 　　　　(9) We all grew up 　　　　 （hear） peple tell us t “g ut and get sme fresh air”.________________（cllect ）all the necessary material，she began t write her reprt. All the peple cheered ludly，_________　(say) I was a gifted ftballer.
Having tried
Having cllected
完成句子(12) 　 　　　　　　　　　　?。ū桓嬖V很多次了），he finally understd it.(13) 　　　　　　　　　　?。ㄊ崭钋f稼時(shí)）in the field，he gt his hand injured.(14) 　　　　　　　　　?。ㄊ艿截?zé)備） fr the mistake，Jim felt a little depressed.句型轉(zhuǎn)換(15) After we have made full preparatins，we are ready fr the exam. →　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ，we are ready fr the exam.　 　　　　　
Having been tld many times
When harvesting crps
Having been blamed
Having made full preparatins
(16) As he felt tired at the end f the jurney，she sn fell asleep. →　　　　　　 at the end f the jurney，she sn fell asleep.(17) The meeting having been ver，we all left the rm and drve hme. →　　　　　　　　　　，s we all left the rm and drve hme.(18) Once yu lse this chance，yu can’t easily find it back. →　　　　　　　　　　　，yu can’t easily find it back.
Feeling tired
The meeting was ver
Once lsing this chance
教材原句p.52 A chemical burn ccurs when yur skin r eyes cme int cntact with an acid r ther chemicals.當(dāng)你的皮膚或眼睛接觸到酸或其他化學(xué)物質(zhì)時(shí)，就會(huì)發(fā)生化學(xué)燒傷。1 cme int cntact with 接觸，遇見，聯(lián)系A(chǔ)vid cming int cntact with livestck and wildlife.要避免接觸牲畜和野生動(dòng)物。He ften cmes int cntact with gvernment fficials in wrk.在工作中他經(jīng)常與政府官員接觸。
【詞語積累】be/get/stay/keep in cntact with sb. 與某人保持聯(lián)系lse cntact with sb. 與某人失去聯(lián)系make cntact with sb. 與某人取得聯(lián)系bring sb. int cntact with sth. 使某人接觸某物I’m still in cntact with her—we write a cuple f times a year.我和她仍有聯(lián)系——我們一年寫幾封信。
單句語法填空(1) We’d better nt cme 　　　　cntact with the patient in case f infectin.(2) Have yu kept 　　cntact with yur classmates besides Tm?(3) It was reading that brught me int cntact 　　　 brilliant ideas.完成句子(4)Then，after the girl had becme famus，he tried t 　　　　　　 　　?。ㄅc她取得聯(lián)系）.(5) Give the names f tw peple　　　　　　　　　　（以聯(lián)系上的） if any emergency happens.
make cntact with her
wh can be cntacted
教材原句p.52 Chemical burns can even affect yur internal rgans if the chemicals are swallwed. 如果化學(xué)品被吞下，化學(xué)燒傷甚至?xí)绊懩愕膬?nèi)部器官。2 swallw v. & n.（1）vt. & vi. 吞下；咽下；淹沒搭配：swallw up 吞沒；耗盡，用盡（up 可省略）Mst f my salary gets swallwed（up） by the rent and bills.我的工資大多支付房租和各種日常費(fèi)用了。
（2）n. 吞，咽；燕搭配：tk a swallw f 喝一口……He tk the medicine at ne swallw. 他一口把藥吞了下去。One swallw desn’t make a summer.（諺）一燕不成夏?！疽谎员娈悺縎me bks are t be tasted，thers t be swallwed，and sme few t be chewed and digested.（書籍好比食品）有些書可以淺嘗輒止，有些書可以囫圇吞棗，少數(shù)則須咀嚼消化。
單句語法填空I put s much fd in my muth smetimes that it was hard 　　　　?。╯wallw）.(2) A quantity f the cuntryside is being swallwed 　　　by the twn.完成句子(3) Regardless f thers’ strange lks，she sat dwn and　　 　　　　　　　　（喝了一口咖啡）.(4)Jane was sn 　　　　　　 （淹沒在……） in the crwd.
tk a swallw f cffee
swallwed up
教材原句p.52 Fr example，wrap the burnt area lse with a clean clth if pssible. 例如，如果可能的話，用干凈透氣的布把燒傷處包裹起來。3 wrap vt. & n.（1）vt. 包，裹；用（手臂等）圍?。╳rapped，wrapped）搭配 wrap up 包扎，包裹；住嘴；穿暖和的衣服 wrap sth. arund sb. 用某物纏繞 / 圍緊某人He spent the evening wrapping up the presents. 他花了一晚上的時(shí)間把禮物都包了起來。 She wrapped a blanket arund the baby. 她用毯子把嬰兒裹了起來。
（2）n. 披肩，圍巾；包裝材料；完成拍攝搭配：under wraps 隱藏；保密 Cut! That’s a wrap! 停！就拍攝到這兒！Exact details abut Mss characters in the furth mvie Matrix are still under wraps. 有關(guān)莫斯在電影《黑客帝國》第四部中角色的具體細(xì)節(jié)還未透露。
單句語法填空(1) Its recipe is 　　　　wraps；n ne knws this secret.(2)Ddder（菟絲子） is fed by sucking juices frm the plant which is wrapped 　　　　.(3) He 　　　　?。╳rap） the awesme painting with a newspaper and put it under his bed.(4) She std up，　　　?。╳rap）her cat arund her angrily.完成句子(5)The date and venue f the game must remain 　　　　　 （保密）.(6)Yu shuld 　　　　　　　 ?。ò巡弊訃穑﹊n this cld weather.
under wraps
wrap up yur neck
教材原句p.53 When he gt ut f the bathtub，he slipped and fell n the flr. 當(dāng)他從浴缸里出來時(shí)，他滑倒在地板上。4 slip vi. & n.（1）vi. 滑倒；滑落；溜走（過去式 slipped，過去分詞 slipped） slip away 消失；消亡slip int 悄悄溜入；漸漸養(yǎng)成slip ut 溜出；無意說出slip ne’s mind 被遺忘
It was such a gd chance. Hw culd she let it slip away?這是如此好的一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，她怎么輕易放過了呢？I’m srry I said that. It just slipped ut.對(duì)不起我說了這樣的話，這不過是無意中說出口的。（2）n. 滑倒；小錯(cuò)誤；紙條 Better slip with ft than tngue. 寧可滑跤，不可失言。 A slip f the tngue at the meeting might lead t a big lss.會(huì)議中一個(gè)口誤可能會(huì)造成巨大的損失。I received my pink slip last week and I am nw lking fr a new jb.我上周接到解聘通知書，現(xiàn)在我在找新工作。
單句語法填空(1) Reading a great stry will make yur stress slip 　　　 .(2) It is his wn fault t slip 　　　such a bad habit.(3) The dg saved its wner wh 　　　?。╯lip） in the snw.翻譯句子(4) The gifted by recited the whle pem withut making a single slip.　 ____________________________________　　(5) That cmpletely slipped my mind! __________________　
這個(gè)天資聰穎的男孩一字不差地背誦了全詩。
教材原句p.53 Then she realised that she culd nt get up，and that she was having truble breathing. 然后她意識(shí)到自己起不來了，呼吸也有問題。5 have truble（in）ding sth. 做某事有困難She felt that she had truble（in） finishing the task by herself.她感覺她獨(dú)自一人完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)很困難。
【歸納拓展】have truble/difficulty with sth.have difficulty（in）ding sth.have prblems/a prblem with sth.have prblems /a prblem（in）ding sth.have a hard time ding sth.There is difficulty（in）ding sth.with /withut difficulty（毫不）費(fèi)勁地Yu can’t imagine the difficulty we had walking thrugh the heavy rain. 你無法想象我們?cè)诖笥曛行凶呤嵌嗝蠢щy。
單句語法填空(1)D yu have any prblems 　　　yur prject?(2) I had difficulty 　　　　?。╣rasp）the main idea f the passage.(3) Finally，he vercame all the difficulty he had　　　?。╯end） the letter.完成句子(4) She defended herself 　　　　　　?。ㄓ欣щy）.(5) 　　　　　　　　　 （沒有困難）in cvering all the expenses.
with difficulty
There is n difficulty
教材原句p.53 While attempting t talk t the peratr，Mrs Taylr discvered that she culd nt speak. 當(dāng)泰勒夫人試圖和接線員說話時(shí)，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己說不出話來。6 peratr n. 操作員；電話接線員；經(jīng)營者I will start with a numerical cntrl machine peratr. 我會(huì)從數(shù)控機(jī)床操作員做起。【詞語積累】（1）perate vi. 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；動(dòng)手術(shù)；起作用 vt. 操作；經(jīng)營 perate n sb. 給某人做手術(shù) the perating table/rm 手術(shù)臺(tái) / 手術(shù)室
（2）peratin n. 操作；經(jīng)營；行動(dòng)；手術(shù) in peratin 有效　　　peratin system 操作系統(tǒng) perfrm/give/ carry ut an peratin 進(jìn)行手術(shù) Bth f her parents are musicians and perate a small club. 她的父母都是音樂家，經(jīng)營著一家小型的俱樂部。 The decisin t perate n Karl is difficult because f his age. 考慮到他的年齡，決定給卡爾動(dòng)手術(shù)是困難的?！菊`區(qū)警示】perate 當(dāng)“做手術(shù)”講時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞，如后跟賓語需加介詞n。當(dāng)“操作，經(jīng)營”講時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，可以直接跟賓語。
【一言助記】Mr Brwn，wh is an peratr，received an peratin yesterday and in the perating rm the dctr perating n him said the peratin was very successful. 布朗先生是一位操作員，昨天他接受了一次手術(shù)，在手術(shù)室里給他做手術(shù)的醫(yī)生說手術(shù)非常成功。
單句語法填空(1) The patient is cming alng well after the　　　　　（perate）.(2) The line was engaged and the　　　　?。╬erate）asked if I’d like t hang n.(3) They held hands as Mark was wheeled int the _____________　　 　　（perate） rm.(4) The machine pumps bld t the rgans s dctrs can perate 　　　the heart.(5) Make sure f safety while the machine is 　　　peratin.　　　　
完成句子(6)The dctrs will 　　　　　?。ㄗ鍪中g(shù)）his left leg._____________________________（機(jī)器容易操作）. Anybdy can learn t use it in a few minutes. (8) T his parents’ relief，the by_____________________ _________________（手術(shù)后恢復(fù)得很快）.
This machine is easy t perate
made a quick recvery after the peratin
教材原句 ambulance team quickly fund Mrs Taylr and withut delay gave her xygen... ……救護(hù)小組很快找到了泰勒夫人，立即給她輸氧……7 delay n. & v.（1）n. 耽擱（的時(shí)間）；推遲；延誤搭配：withut delay 立即；毫不延遲地 time delay 延時(shí) delay payment 延付；延期付款 All these measures must be carried thrugh withut delay. 所有這些措施必須及時(shí)完成，不得延誤。 That is the reasn f my delay in answering yur letter. 這就是我遲遲不給你回信的緣故。
（2）vi. & vt. 推遲；延期（做某事）vt. 耽誤；耽擱搭配：delay ding sth. 延遲做某事He delayed taking actin，which caused a great lss. 他沒有立即采取行動(dòng)，這造成了很大的損失。
單句語法填空(1) As far as I’m cncerned，any prblem shuld be slved 　　 　delay.(2) Initially，they chse t delay　　　 ?。╮eprt）the news.(3) When the 　　　　?。╠elay）flight will depart depends n the weather.完成句子(4) They began t trace the suspect　　　　　　　（毫不延遲地）.(5) He 　　　 　　　　　　　?。]有馬上把消息告訴她），waiting fr the right mment.
withut delay
delayed telling her the news
教材原句p.53 What can we d t help prevent elderly peple frm taking unnecessary risks? 我們可以做些什么來防止老年人承擔(dān)不必要的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呢？8 take risks 冒險(xiǎn)There is n need fr yu t take risks. Just wait. 你沒有必要去冒險(xiǎn)。等著就行?！驹~語積累】（1）risk n. 危險(xiǎn)；風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；引起危險(xiǎn)的人或事物 at risk 處于危險(xiǎn)中 put sb. at risk 使某人處于危險(xiǎn)中 at the risk f ding sth. 冒著做某事的危險(xiǎn) run/take a risk/risks 冒險(xiǎn) run/take the risk f ding sth. 冒著做某事的危險(xiǎn)
（2）risk v. 使遭受危險(xiǎn)；冒……危險(xiǎn) risk ding... 冒險(xiǎn)做……（3）risky adj. 危險(xiǎn)的；冒險(xiǎn)的【誤區(qū)警示】 risk 只接 ding 不接 t d 作賓語。
單句語法填空(1)　　 the risk f sunding stupid，can I ask a questin?(2) This can put yu 　　 the risk f damaging yur sense f tuch.(3)Peple dn’t realise hw 　　?。╮isk）it is t travel t erupting vlcanes.(4) Yung peple may risk 　　 　（g） deaf if they are expsed t very lud music every day.完成句子(5) Our willingness t 　　　　　　 （冒險(xiǎn)）increases during teenage years.(6) Children will be 　　　 （處于危險(xiǎn)中）if the virus spreads.
take/run risks
重點(diǎn)句式教材原句p.52 Fr example，wrap the burnt area lse with a clean clth if pssible. 例如，如果可能的話，用干凈透氣的布把燒傷處包裹起來。【句式分析】本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，其中主句是祈使句，而 if pssible 是狀語從句（if it is pssible）的省略。1 if pssible 如果可能的話if pssible 是 if it is pssible 的省略。在 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，有時(shí)可省略從句的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞，這類省略結(jié)構(gòu)中有些已形成固定結(jié)構(gòu)。
if s 如果是這樣的話 if nt 如果不是這樣；不然，否則 if any 如果有的話 if necessary 如果有必要 if ever 如果曾經(jīng)有的話 if nly 要是……就好了If pssible，get away frm the plluted regin. 如果可能的話，離開污染地區(qū)?！驹~語辨析】if any 指“如果數(shù)量有”，而 if ever 指“如果曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過”。She seldm，if ever，ges t the pera. 她很少去看歌劇，如果曾經(jīng)有的話。
完成句子(1) Behave yurself. 　　 （如果這樣），yu’ll get mre friends.(2) I want t avid the rush hur traffic 　　　　　 （如果可能的話）.(3) Take mre exercise. 　　?。ú蝗坏脑挘瑈u will gain mre weight.(4) The island is seldm，　　　 （如果曾經(jīng)有的話），visited by ships.(5) The experiment is t find the cnnectin，　　　 （如果有的話），between the tw bjects.句型轉(zhuǎn)換(6)Taste the sup and add salt and pepper if it is necessary. → Taste the sup and add salt and pepper,　　　　　　.
if pssible
if necessary
教材原句p.53 Is there any reasn why we are nt ging t have the first-aid training this week? 們這周不去進(jìn)行急救訓(xùn)練有什么原因嗎？【句式分析】本句的主句是 there be 句型，why 引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞 reasn，關(guān)系詞 why 代替先行詞在定語從句中作原因狀語。2 why 引導(dǎo)的定語從句why 是關(guān)系副詞，表示原因，代替先行詞并在定語從句中作原因狀語，其先行詞是表示理由的名詞 reasn。 The use f bags fr life is ne reasn why the use f plastics verall by the supermarket is still rising. 環(huán)保購物袋的使用是超市塑料袋使用仍上升的原因之一。
【學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】在定語從句中可以用 fr which 代替 why 引導(dǎo)定語從句。The reasn why/fr which I dn’t like him is that he is t prud.我不喜歡他的原因是他太傲慢了?！菊`區(qū)警示】reasn 作先行詞，如果定語從句中缺少狀語應(yīng)該用 why 引導(dǎo)定語從句，如果定語從句中缺少主語或賓語須用 that 或 which 引導(dǎo)定語從句。I wn’t listen t the reasn that/which yu have given us.我堅(jiān)決不聽你提供給我們的那個(gè)理由。
單句語法填空(1) The reasn 　 　his hand was swllen was that he gt burnt.(2) The reasn 　　 　　　he explained at the meeting sunds reasnable.(3) He didn’t tell me the reasn 　　　which he was s upset.(4) The reasn 　　　I called was t ask abut the plans fr Saturday.(5) There are many reasns 　 　　　lead t the severe glbal warming.句型轉(zhuǎn)換(6) He had nt received the invitatin. That’s why he didn’t cme. →　　　　　　　 he didn’t cme is 　 　he had nt received the invitatin.
that/ which
The reasn why that

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Unit 5 First Aid

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