1.（2019年6月，浙江高考）
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, authr f The A t Z Guide t Raising Happy and Cnfident Kids, says, “We’ve gne t the ppsite extreme f a few decades ag when parents tended t be mre strict.” By giving kids a lt f praise, parents think they’re building their children’s cnfidence, when, in fact, it may be just the ppsite. T much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid t try new things r take a risk fr fear f nt being able t stay n tp where their parents’ praise has put them.
Still, dn’t g t far in the ther directin. Nt giving enugh praise can be just as damaging as giving t much. Kids will feel like they’re nt gd enugh r that yu dn’t care and, as a result, may see n pint in trying hard fr their accmplishments.
S what is the right amunt f praise? Experts say that the quality f praise is mre imprtant than the quantity. If praise is sincere and fcused n the effrt nt the utcme, yu can give it as ften as yur child des smething that deserves a verbal reward. “We shuld especially recgnize ur children’s effrts t push themselves and wrk hard t achieve a gal,” says Dnahue, authr f Parenting Withut Fear: Letting G f Wrry and Fcusing n What Really Matters. “One thing t remember is that it’s the prcess nt the end prduct that matters.”
Yur sn may nt be the best basketball player n his team. But if he’s ut there every day and playing hard, yu shuld praise his effrt regardless f whether his team wins r lses. Praising the effrt and nt the utcme can als mean recgnizing yur child when she has wrked hard t clean the yard, ck dinner, r finish a bk reprt. But whatever it is, praise shuld be given n a case-by-case basis and be prprtinate(相稱的) t the amunt f effrt yur child has put int it.
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【答案】
Parents tend t g t extremes when it cmes t praising their kids. (要點(diǎn)一) Yet, bth t much and t little praise can be equally damaging. (要點(diǎn)二) When giving praise, parents shuld be sincere and cncentrate n the prcess instead f the result. (要點(diǎn)三) Similarly, they ught t give praise fr hw much effrt their kids have invested in the wrk they’re invlved in. (要點(diǎn)四)
【解析】本次浙江高考書面表達(dá)采用了概要寫作題型。概要寫作是閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)的溝通橋梁，考查的是學(xué)生在實(shí)現(xiàn)自由的思維表達(dá)之前，對(duì)他人的信息在理解的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行概括表達(dá)的能力。選材上，提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文，題材不限，要求考生寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
【詳解】
完成一篇概要寫作，需要經(jīng)過三個(gè)步驟，
1. 讀懂原文，抓住段落主題句。在閱讀過程中，需要準(zhǔn)確把握文章的段落大意，學(xué)會(huì)剔除非重要信息，弄清楚不同體裁的文章的內(nèi)部邏輯關(guān)系以及文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。
2. 組織語言，轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)。在找到主題句明確全文中心的基礎(chǔ)上，組織好語言，注重語言表達(dá)的獨(dú)立性和準(zhǔn)確性以及高級(jí)性，不全盤照抄原文句子，盡量用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)，同時(shí)要注意篇幅的比例安排，用較多的文字去表達(dá)重要的內(nèi)容。
3. 通讀全文，邏輯連貫。要牢記各段落要點(diǎn)之間的邏輯關(guān)系和自然銜接，用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞去連貫全文。
2.（2018年11月，浙江高考）
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
It’s a really gd idea t visit clleges befre yu apply because their websites can all start t lk and sund the same. Nthing will give yu the sense f what it will actually be like t live n a cllege campus(校園) like visiting and seeing fr yurself the drms, classrms and athletic equipment and, f curse, the students. It seems a little crazy nce senir year hits t find the time t visit cllege campuses, and it can als be pricey if the schls yu are applying t happen t be mre than a car ride away. But keep in mind that yu are making a decisin abut the next fur years f yur life, and d all the research yu can t make sure yu are making the right ne.
There’s n excuse nt t visit the schls in yur lcal area. In fact, a lt f cllege applicatins even ask if yu have visited campus, and bviusly, if yu live acrss the cuntry that wn’t be as much f a pssibility, but if yu live nearby, g check it ut!
If campus visits aren’t ging t happen befre yu apply, at the very least yu shuld find sme time between applying and getting yur acceptance letters t visit the schls yu’d like t attend. It can save yu a lt f heartache if yu rule ut nw the things that yu dn’t like abut certain campuses, things that yu wuldn’t knw unless yu actually visit.
Nw, if time and mney are making it impssible, then check ut the nline cllege fairs at CllegeWeekLive. It’s a chance t chat nline with admissins fficers, students, and cllege cunselrs (顧問), and it wn’t cst yu a penny! Yu can register fr its nline cllege fair at cllegeweeklive.cm. While visiting an nline cllege fair can’t take the place f an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tl that alng with all yur ther research will help yu make an infrmed decisin abut which clleges r universities yu’d like t attend.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
It’s really wrthwhile t pay a visit t their desired clleges persnally befre applying. Undubtedly, students shuld visit their lcal clleges, which may be included in applicatins. At least, they shuld visit the schl and figure ut its real cnditins in advance. Fr students wh are shrt f mney and time, registering fr the nline cllege fair is a gd alternative t help them better understand schls.
【解析】本文要求閱讀短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要，即用盡可能少的詞匯集中展現(xiàn)原材料的主要思想和觀點(diǎn)。這主要是考查學(xué)生把握文章主旨大意和段落大意的能力以及總結(jié)概括能力，熟練掌握從句、非謂語動(dòng)詞等語法知識(shí)和遣詞造句的能力。
【詳解】
1. 要先讀懂、讀透原作。這是準(zhǔn)確再現(xiàn)原文、寫好概要的前提。動(dòng)筆前多讀兩遍原文，直至弄懂讀透。
2. 抓住文中的關(guān)鍵句，確定寫作主題。開頭It's a really gd idea t visit clleges befre yu apply點(diǎn)明了本文主題；But keep in mind that yu are making a decisin abut the next fur years f yur life, and d all the research yu can t make sure yu are making the right ne. There’s n excuse nt t visit the schls in yur lcal area.說明了去大學(xué)看看的必要性和可行性；If campus visits aren’t ging t happen befre yu apply, at the very least yu shuld find sme time between applying and getting yur acceptance letters t visit the schls yu’d like t attend.在時(shí)間上提供了更多選擇；if time and mney are making it impssible, then check ut the nline cllege fairs at CllegeWeekLive.為不能親自去大學(xué)看的學(xué)生提供了另外一種方法。
3.擬好提綱。有了提綱，寫概要時(shí)就會(huì)有章法，也不會(huì)遺漏原作中的要點(diǎn)。
4.快速成文，反復(fù)推敲。按照文章要求和擬好的提綱一氣呵成，寫完初稿。
5.對(duì)照修改潤色，再讀原文，查看是否漏掉了重要信息或主要內(nèi)容。用詞是否恰當(dāng)，可有可無的刪掉。注意詞類、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的適當(dāng)調(diào)整。
【點(diǎn)睛】
范文觀點(diǎn)明確，重點(diǎn)突出，語言簡練，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。作者在范文中使用了較多高級(jí)表達(dá)方式，如定語從句which may be included in applicatins.和wh are shrt f mney and time.動(dòng)名詞registering nline作主語，顯示了很高的駕馭英語的能力。
附：浙江省名校新高考研究聯(lián)盟2020屆第一次聯(lián)考
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇 60 詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
Althugh being famus might sund like a dream cme true, tday’s stars, feeling like z animals, face pressures that few f us can imagine. They are at the center f much f the wrld's attentin. Paparazzi(狗仔隊(duì))camp utside their hmes, cameras ready. Tablids(小報(bào)) publish thrilling stries abut their persnal lives. Just imagine nt being able t d anything withut being phtgraphed r interrupted fr a signature.
Accrding t the psychlgists, celebrities(名人)wrry cnstantly abut their public appearance. Eventually, they start t lse track f wh they really are, seeing themselves the way fans imagine them, nt as the peple they were befre everyne knew their names. Over time, they feel separated and alne.
The phenmenn f tracking celebrities has been arund fr ages. In the 4th century B C, painters fllwed Alexander the Great int battle, hping t picture his victries fr his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sld-ut readings attracted thusands f fans, leading him t cmplain abut his lack f privacy. Tablids f the 1920s and 1930s ran articles abut film-stars in much the same way that mdern tablids and websites d.
Being a public figure tday, hwever, is a lt mre difficult than it used t be. Superstars cannt mve abut withut wrrying abut phtgraphers with mdern cameras. When they say smething silly r d smething ridiculus, there is always the Internet t spread the news in minutes and keep their "stry" alive frever.
If fame is s trublesme, why aren't all celebrities running away frm it? The answer is there are still ways t deal with it. Sme stars stay calm by surrunding themselves with trusted friends and family r by escaping t remte places away frm big cities. They fcus nt n hw famus they are but n what they lve t d r whatever made them famus in the first place. With these effective appraches, sme celebrities relieve the stress and remain ppular with fans. Cnsequently, thugh being famus is driving sme stars crazy, sme wise nes enjy what reputatin brings them.
【寫作指導(dǎo)】
本文為說明文。文章告訴我們，雖然成名聽起來像是夢想成真，但今天的明星們，感覺自己就像動(dòng)物園里的動(dòng)物，面臨著我們很少人能想象的壓力，因?yàn)樗麄兪鞘澜珀P(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。名人經(jīng)常擔(dān)心他們的公開露面，隨著時(shí)間的推移，他們感到分離和孤獨(dú)。追蹤名人的現(xiàn)象由來已久，然而如今成為公眾人物比過去困難得多。超級(jí)明星的一舉一動(dòng)都離不開現(xiàn)代相機(jī)攝影師的關(guān)注。如果名聲是如此的麻煩，為什么不是所有的名人都在逃避它呢?答案是，仍然有辦法解決這個(gè)問題。因此，雖然成名會(huì)讓一些明星發(fā)瘋，但一些明智的人卻享受聲譽(yù)帶給他們的東西。
文章中的主題詞（句）依次為：
第一段：face pressures /at the center f much f the wrld's attentin.
第二段：wrry cnstantly abut their public appearance /feel separated and alne
第三段：The phenmenn f tracking celebrities has been arund fr ages / the same way that mdern tablids and websites d
第四段：Being a public figure tday, hwever, is a lt mre difficult than it used t be.
第五段：there are still ways t deal with it /sme wise nes enjy what reputatin brings them
【參考范文】
Living in the public gaze, stars suffer frm great pressure.（要點(diǎn) 1）What’s wrse, anxiety ver their public appearance rbs them f the bjective self-image, which leads t the feeling f islatin in the lng term. （要點(diǎn) 2） Thugh being tracked has been a headache t celebrities fr centuries, mdern cameras and the Internet make it harder t be famus nwadays. （要點(diǎn) 3、4） Hwever, by dealing with the stress wisely, stars still can stay ppular and happy. （要點(diǎn) 5）(77 wrds)
【范文點(diǎn)評(píng)】
范文通過詞匯與句法關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)換等手段，將各段的主題詞及要點(diǎn)巧妙第整合在一起，突出了文章的主題與目的。范文銜接詞的使用得當(dāng)，確保了文章意義的連貫。范文有如下亮點(diǎn)：
1.同義詞替換。例如，要點(diǎn)1用“suffer frm great pressure”替換了原文中的“face pressure”。
2.各類從句讓句子關(guān)系更加流暢。例如，要點(diǎn)2使用了定語從句，要點(diǎn)3、4使用了讓步狀語從句，這些從句讓各個(gè)要點(diǎn)表述的中心更加突出。
3.銜接詞確保了概要的意義連貫。范文使用了What’s wrse, Thugh,Hwever等銜接方式，讓概要語篇結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，表述更加連貫。

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