A卷——小題夯基練
Ⅰ.語境填詞
1．The reprt fund that drinking a prper amunt f green tea can be part f a healthy diet(飲食)．
2．Many peple experience difficulty in paying ff their debts(債務(wù))．
3．If yu place an rder nw, we will give yu a 5% discunt(折扣)．
4．Nt knwing hw t make a prper chice abut that thing, Tm decided t cnsult(咨詢) Mr. Black.
5．It is very cmmn t eat raw(生的) vegetables in sme Western cuntries.
6．In fact, it is hard fr mst peple t balance(權(quán)衡) their wrk and life gals in mdern sciety.
7．I think the girl wh was hnest lied(說謊) t me, which made me disappintment.
8．Fr the sake f yur health, yu'd better nt eat fd which is hard t digest(消化) befre sleeping.
Ⅱ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和動(dòng)詞的形式變換(用所給詞的正確形式填空)
1．(2020·天津卷7月)We will prbably have t frce urselves t waken ur curisity(curius) and discntent and keep them awake.
2．Keeping a balanced(balance) diet and taking exercises regularly are recgnized as healthy lifestyles.
3．As a gd teacher, yu shuld knw yur students' strengths(strength) and weaknesses.
4．(2020·浙江卷7月讀后續(xù)寫)He expsed his sharp teeth, glaring(glare) at us as he ran frward.
5．The beautiful scenery, cmbined(cmbine) with lvely weather and delicius fd, made ur visit t Qingda pleasant and unfrgettable.
6．Lucy will imprve her health if she eats less fried(fry) fd and snack fd.
Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配(在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
1．Learn t cmbine yur knwledge with/and experience，and yu are sure t succeed.
2．Thanks t Yuan Lngping's great wrk, millins f peple can benefit frm/by his extrardinary wrk.
3．He turned up yesterday, aiming t cnsult with his friend abut the matter.
4．N ne culd perfrm better(well) than the athlete wh achieved great success in the Olympic Games.
5．The dctr tld Bb his heart was in pr cnditin and that he must cut dwn n alchl and smking.
6．There is n limit t what can be accmplished when n ne cares wh gets the hnur.
Ⅳ.易錯(cuò)誤用(改正下列語句中的錯(cuò)誤，每句最多兩處錯(cuò)誤)
1．I think health lies with exercise, which can build up ur strengths. Besides, in rder t keep healthy, we als shuld cmbine prper exercise with a balance diet. Last but nt least, we shuld cut up the amunt f fast fd we eat every day, which can be f great benefit fr us. I believe that n medicine is gd than exercise and healthy diets.
答案：第一句： with→in; strengths→strength；第二句：balance→balanced；第三句：up→dwn；fr→t；第四句：gd→better
2．As we all knw, there is n limit t help the peple in truble.
答案：help→helping
3．Why nt gave him a chance t admire the scenery with yu?
答案：gave→give
4．The tw yung men just std there, glared at each ther and saying nthing.
答案：glared→glaring
5．At present, neither he nr yu is having fun with children.
答案：is→are
Ⅴ.完成句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換/一句多譯
1．(2018·北京卷滿分作文)你應(yīng)該在來之前學(xué)一些基本的漢語，這可能會(huì)使你適應(yīng)北京的生活。
Yu_ught_t_learn_sme_basic_Chinese befre yu cme, which may make yu adjust yurself t the life in Beijing.
2．(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)文章的長(zhǎng)度應(yīng)限制在400詞左右。
The length f the article shuld_be_limited_t_400_wrds_r_s．
3．均衡飲食并且養(yǎng)成早睡早起的好習(xí)慣對(duì)我們來說很重要。
It's very imprtant fr us t keep_a_balanced_diet_and_frm_the_gd_habit_f ging t bed early and getting up early.
4．What an interesting nvel！I have never read a mre mving ne.
→It's_the_mst_mving_nvel_that I have ever read.(it作形式主語)
5．練中國(guó)功夫不僅能增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)，還能培養(yǎng)一個(gè)人的品質(zhì)。
①Practising Chinese kungfu can nt_nly_build_up_ne's_strength_but_als develp ne's character.
②Nt_nly_can_practising_Chinese_kungfu_build_up_ne's_strength_but_als develp ne's character.(倒裝句)
B卷——大題提能練
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
Recent findings have shwn that ur appetite and fd intake are influenced by a large number f factrs besides ur bilgical need fr energy, including ur eating envirnment and ur perceptin (感知) f the fd in frnt f us. A new study suggested that ur shrt-term memry may als play a rle in appetite. Several hurs after a meal, peple's hunger levels were predicted nt by hw much they'd eaten but rather by hw much fd they'd seen in frnt f them—in ther wrds, hw much they remembered eating.
This difference suggests the memry f ur previus meal may have a bigger influence n ur appetite than the actual size f the meal, says Jeffrey M．Brunstrm, a prfessr f experimental psychlgy at the University f Bristl.
“Hunger isn't cntrlled merely by the physical characteristics f a recent meal. We have identified an independent rle fr memry fr that meal.” Brunstrm says. “This shws that the relatinship between hunger and fd intake is mre cmplex than we thught.”
These findings ech earlier research that suggests ur perceptin f fd can smetimes trick ur bdy's respnse t the fd itself. In a 2016 study, fr instance, peple wh drank the same 380 calrie milkshake n tw separate ccasins prduced different levels f hunger-related hrmnes (荷爾蒙), depending n whether the shake's label said it cntained 620 r 140 calries. Mrever, the participants reprted feeling mre fill when they thught they'd cnsumed a higher-calric shake.
1．What affects ur appetite accrding t the new study?
A．Hw much we remember eating.
B．What time we eat ur last meal.
C．Hw much we eat ur last meal.
D．What ingredients the fd cntains.
2．The underlined wrd “ech” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by “________”．
A．indicateB．reflect
C．a(chǎn)re supprted byD．a(chǎn)re imprved by
3．What is the main idea f the text?
A．Gd eating habits cntribute t ur health.
B．Eating speed ften affects ur fd digestin.
C．Psychlgical factrs influence ur hunger levels.
D．Our bilgical need fr energy determines ur fd intake.
【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人們的食欲和食物攝取受到包括環(huán)境和對(duì)食物的認(rèn)知等諸多因素的影響，并且引用相關(guān)科學(xué)研究論證這些影響因素，特別指出飲食環(huán)境、對(duì)食物的記憶、食物包裝上的標(biāo)簽對(duì)人產(chǎn)生的心理暗示作用影響飲食。
1．A 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Several hurs after a meal, peple's hunger levels were predicted nt by hw much they'd eaten but rather by hw much fd they'd seen in frnt f them—in ther wrds, hw much they remembered eating.”可知，人們的饑餓程度不是由他們吃了多少而是他們?cè)诿媲翱吹搅硕嗌偈澄铩簿褪怯浀贸粤硕嗌賮眍A(yù)測(cè)的。故選A。
2．C 解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“This shws that the relatinship between hunger and fd intake is mre cmplex than we thught.”和第四段中的“These findings ech earlier research that suggests ur perceptin f fd can smetimes trick ur bdy's respnse t the fd itself.”可知，這表明饑餓和食物攝入之間的關(guān)系比我們想象中要復(fù)雜，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)就……了之前的研究，該研究表明有時(shí)我們對(duì)食物的感知會(huì)欺騙我們身體對(duì)食物本身的反應(yīng)。由句意推測(cè)畫線單詞的意思是“一致、呼應(yīng)”。故選C。
3．C 解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容和第一段中的“Recent findings have shwn that ur appetite and fd intake are influenced by a large number f factrs besides ur bilgical need fr energy, including ur eating envirnment and ur perceptin (感知) f the fd in frnt f us.”可知，本文主要介紹了影響人們食欲的心理因素。故選C。
B
(2021·東北三省四市高考模擬二)Until last year, Brris wuld never turn dwn a prk steak.By the time his wner, Annemarie Frmy, entered him in the PDSA Pet Fit Club cmpetitin, he was 28kg—almst duble his recmmended weight.Thanks t a tailred six-mnth diet and exercise, he is nw 7kg lighter.
Brris, at his heaviest, was nt alne.The wrldwide rate f pet besity (肥胖癥) lies between 22% and 44%.The reasns are fairly predictable.Owners f verweight dgs feed them mre snacks and table leftvers, are mre likely t have their pets present as they prepare their wn meals and are less likely t walk them daily.Owners f bese cats tend t use fd as a reward and play with them less.
But besity als seems t be ccurring even in sme wild animals that aren't being verfed r under-exercised.If these findings are true, smething else must be driving besity and uncvering thse culd help slve ur wn prblems with the cnditin.
“Labradrs are cnsistently the headline act when it cmes t verweight dgs，” says Eleanr Raffan, a veterinarian and geneticist.She and fellw researchers discvered that a genetic mutatin (基因變異) present in arund a quarter f Labradrs was assciated with besity.Fr each cpy f the mutatin—which ccurred in a gene called POMC—a dg was abut 2kg heavier.Mst f the animals the researchers studied had ne cpy f the mutatin, but fewer had tw.
“These dgs are always in the kitchen when wners are preparing fd, sticking arund scuring_a_titbit even if there's nt much chance f getting fd, r eating disgusting stuff n walks，” Raffan says.“But they're nt ding that because it's fun.They're ding it because they're hungry.”
That's because POMC mutatins disturb the brain's functin f cntrlling fd intake and energy cnsumptin.As a result, the behaviur f these Labradrs becmes very fd-mtivated.
【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇說明文。全球?qū)櫸锓逝致试?2%到44%之間，弄清楚寵物肥胖的原因?qū)θ祟悜?yīng)對(duì)肥胖問題也很有啟發(fā)。
4．What is the functin f mentining Brris in the beginning?
A．Stress besity is cmmn in pets.
B．Shw peple's lve fr pets.
C．Reveal pets have a superir lifestyle.
D．Indicate the need fr pets t lse weight.
A 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，文章開頭提及肥胖的博里斯被其主人送去參加寵物健身俱樂部大賽以幫助其減肥， 再結(jié)合第二段開頭的“Brris, at his heaviest, was nt alne.”可知，博里斯并不是個(gè)案， 由此可推知文章第一段舉博里斯的例子的作用是強(qiáng)調(diào)寵物肥胖很常見。故選A。
5．Hw is paragraph 2 mainly develped?
A．By listing figures.
B．By giving examples.
C．By analyzing causes.
D．By making cmparisns.
C 解析：寫作手法題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容， 尤其是“The reasns are fairly predictable.”可知，本段先指出全球?qū)櫸锓逝致试?2%到44%之間，然后分析這一現(xiàn)象的原因。故選C。
6．Why are Labradrs ranked first amng bese dgs?
A．They tend t be lazy by nature.
B．They all carry POMC genes.
C．Their wners ften verfeed them.
D．Many f them have POMC mutatins.
D 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“a genetic mutatin (基因變異) present in arund a quarter f Labradrs was assciated with besity.Fr each cpy f the mutatin—which ccurred in a gene called POMC—a dg was abut 2kg heavier.”可知，約有四分之一的拉布拉多犬體內(nèi)的基因變異與肥胖相關(guān)。這種變異發(fā)生在名為POMC的基因中，該基因每發(fā)生一次變異，狗就會(huì)增重約2公斤。故選D。
7．Which is clsest in meaning t the underlined part in paragraph 5?
A．Lk fr smething t eat.
B．Take up the kitchen.
C．Get smething dwn.
D．Make up t their wners.
A 解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段中的“These dgs are always in the kitchen when wners are preparing fd, sticking arund”“even if there's nt much chance f getting fd, r eating disgusting stuff n walks”“They're ding it because they're hungry.”可知，畫線部分所在句是說：這些狗在主人準(zhǔn)備食物的時(shí)候，經(jīng)常待在廚房里， 四處轉(zhuǎn)悠著尋找吃的，即使沒什么機(jī)會(huì)得到一口吃的，或者在路上撿一些令人作嘔的東西吃。因此可知，畫線部分的含義應(yīng)是“尋找吃的”，故選A。
Ⅱ.七選五
(2021·煙臺(tái)高考診斷性測(cè)試)The Slw Fd Mvement started in Rme, Italy in 1986.When a new McDnald's was pening near a beautiful histric place, sme peple std utside the restaurant and shuted, “We d nt want fast fd.We want slw fd！”
1．________One day Carl Petrini went t a restaurant t eat a traditinal meal.But the fd didn't taste the same as he remembered.He learned that the peppers were shipped frm abrad because the prices were lw.This deeply cncerned Carl.
Carl wanted peple t care abut where their fds came frm and hw their fds made their culture special.S he started a grup t encurage this idea.It sn became the Slw Fd
First, what is gd fd? Gd fd is fresh.The vegetables are eaten clse t the place where they are grwn.The fish hasn't been sitting fr days befre it is eaten.Gd fd is fd satisfies the senses.It shuld lk gd, smell gd and taste gd.And finally, gd fd is cultural fd.Each cuntry has special fds that make it different.
Secnd, fd shuld be clean.Tday, there are great cncerns abut the way peple grw and prduce fd.Farmers use chemicals t kill insects and feed plants.But the chemicals can als harm the natural envirnment arund fd means fd that des nt harm ur bdies r the envirnment.
And third, fd shuld be peple shuld be able t purchase healthy fd.The peple wh grw and make fd shuld be paid fairly fr their wrk.They shuld wrk in safe, healthy cnditins.
A．Fd shuld nt cst t much mney.
B．Its gal is t have gd, clean, fair fd fr all peple.
C．Over time, they can cause health prblems in peple t.
D．That was hw the Slw Fd Mvement came int being.
E．It shuld be grwn at the best time f the year fr that fd.
F．Tday the Slw Fd Mvement has already expanded ut f Italy.
G．This event wasn't the nly thing that started the Slw Fd Mvement.
【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了興起于意大利的“慢食運(yùn)動(dòng)”及其目的。
1．G 解析：上文提到當(dāng)一家快餐店在歷史名城羅馬開業(yè)后，一些人堅(jiān)決抵制而發(fā)起了“慢食運(yùn)動(dòng)”；下文是卡洛·彼得里尼在餐館嘗出來自國(guó)外的辣椒的口感與傳統(tǒng)的不同而集結(jié)了一群人并發(fā)起了“慢食運(yùn)動(dòng)”。所以空處應(yīng)該是說除了前面提到的那件事，還有一件事促使“慢食運(yùn)動(dòng)”的興起。故G項(xiàng)符合語境。
2．B 解析：本段說明卡洛·彼得里尼發(fā)起了“慢食運(yùn)動(dòng)”，下面三段分層次說了食物應(yīng)該質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)良、清潔和價(jià)格合理。故此空填B選項(xiàng)，說明該運(yùn)動(dòng)的目的是讓人們有質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)良、清潔、價(jià)格合理的食物，且B選項(xiàng)與下文對(duì)應(yīng)。
3．E 解析：空前說好的食物應(yīng)該是合時(shí)令的。所以此空應(yīng)該與食物生長(zhǎng)的時(shí)令有關(guān)，故E項(xiàng)符合語境。
4．C 解析：空前說化學(xué)物質(zhì)會(huì)損害農(nóng)場(chǎng)周圍的自然環(huán)境。下文說清潔的食物不會(huì)傷害人的身體或者環(huán)境。所以此空應(yīng)該是說化學(xué)物質(zhì)對(duì)人體也有傷害。
5．A 解析：空前說食物應(yīng)該價(jià)格公道，空后說所有人應(yīng)該都能買健康的食物。所以此空應(yīng)該說食物不應(yīng)該太昂貴。
Ⅲ.語法填空
I nce made a serius mistake in my life and I will never frget it. My deskmate is a by frm the cuntryside, and he always admires my fluent English very much and I usually feel 1.____________(encurage) by his cmpliments(贊美)．
One day, 2.____________ we learned the new wrd “eccentric”in class, we 3.____________(ask) t make a sentence with it. I vlunteered t d it by saying“My deskmate is an eccentric by 4.____________ clthes never fit him.”Hearing this, the whle class burst int 5.____________(laugh) and my deskmate's face turned class, I learned frm the teacher that my deskmate 7.____________(drp) ut f schl if he hadn't been helped by thers. My mindless wrds must have hurt him 8.____________(deep)．
Nt until then did I realize that wrds culd be pwerful 9.____________ bth psitive and negative ways. What we shuld always remember is that we shuld try ur best nt 10.____________ (hurt) thers if we can't always be encuraging when we speak.
【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文主要講述了作者在人生中犯了一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤，一句無心的話語深深地傷害了他的同桌的故事。
1．encuraged 解析：考查形容詞。feel為系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，故填encuraged。
2．when 解析：考查從屬連詞。分析句子及上下文語境可知，所填詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，故填when。
3．were asked 解析：考查動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)。我們是被要求用eccentric造句，所以應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，又因事情發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
4．whse 解析：考查關(guān)系代詞。所填詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，并表示所屬關(guān)系，故用whse。
5．laughter 解析：考查名詞。burst int laughter意為“放聲大笑”，為固定搭配。
6. After 解析：考查介詞。此處指“下課后”，after class為固定表達(dá)。
7．wuld have drpped 解析：考查虛擬語氣。從if he hadn't been helped by thers可知，此處是過去時(shí)的條件句中的虛擬語氣，主句謂語為“wuld/shuld/might/culd have＋過去分詞”，從句用“had＋過去分詞”。
8．deeply 解析：考查副詞。此處意為：我無心的話語一定深深地傷害了他。deep作副詞指具體事物的深度，修飾帶有感情色彩的動(dòng)詞通常用deeply。
9．in 解析：考查介詞。表示“通過某種方式”通常用。
10．t hurt 解析：考查動(dòng)詞不定式。try ne's best t d sth.意為“盡某人最大的努力做某事”，為固定用法。

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