2022高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars訓(xùn)練含解析新人教版必修3-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

Ⅰ.語境填詞
1．Stephen Hawking was ne f the mst famus physicists(物理學(xué)家) in the wrld and made a great cntributin t science thrughut his life.
2．The kids n the bus seemed exhausted(精疲力竭)after the lng trip t Munt Huang.
3．The typhn was s vilent(暴力的) that it damaged s many huses.
4．(2019·全國卷Ⅱ) Fr the past tw years, Grdn's students have been studying ways t kill bacteria in zer gravity(重力)．
5．A truck went ut f cntrl and crashed(碰撞；墜落) int the back f a bus.
6．The ld scientist tld his students that scientific theries(理論) must be based n facts.
7．The atmsphere(氛圍) f the picnic is very friendly. Children are having fun with each ther.
8．Accustmed t the climate(氣候) in the cuntryside, the ld cuple prefer nt t mve t the city.
Ⅱ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和動詞的形式變換(用所給詞的正確形式填空)
1．(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)The ppularity f these platfrms is spreading glbally(glbe)．
2．(2019·江蘇卷)Steve mved t the pian and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently(gentle) placed his fingers n the keys.
3．(2019·江蘇卷)At sme time in the past Yellwstne must have blwn up with a vilence(vilent) far beynd the scale f anything knwn t humans.
4．The interests he is mst likely(unlike) t enjy will be thse which enable him t shw ff himself r his talents.
5．Many wastes prduced in the prducing prcess are harmful(harm) as well.
6．What puzzles(puzzle) me is why he has left the cuntry withut telling anyne.
7．The driver was driving when he lst cntrl f the car by accident, crashing(crash) int a truck.
8．He lent a hand t us, which multiplied(multiply) ur chances f success several times.
Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配(在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
1．As is knwn t us, the Peple's Republic f China came int existence(exist) as an independent cuntry in 1949.
2．A new hspital has been planned t be built here, and they are ging t pull dwn that ld building.
3．The cnstitutin, unlike ther frms f laws, is fundamental t keeping ur scial system wrking prperly.
4．They didn't expect that the new manager wuld prevent the plan frm being_carried(carry) ut.
5．Little Alice wh nce was bitten by a snake lked at the snake, frightened(frighten)．
6．During thse fur years, he wrked day and night, thus imprving(imprve) his thery gradually until it was cmplete.
7．Whether their wedding ceremny will be held in the pen air tmrrw depends n the weather.
8．They want t make it clear t the public that the clean wrkers d an imprtant and necessary jb.
9．Li Hng's mbile phne lked just the same as Zhang Hua's, but it cst twice as much as his.
10．(全國卷Ⅰ)I think it great fun t_learn(learn) the pems written in the Tang Dynasty with yu.
Ⅳ.易錯誤用(改正下列語句中的錯誤，每句最多兩處錯誤)
1．There exists s many chemical factries which ur hmeland is seriusly plluted. Therefre, if we dn't take actin n time, it will be difficult fr us t save ur land.
答案：第一句：exists→exist; which→that；第二句：n→in
2．Once ur playgrund was t small, which prevented us have enugh space t play and exercise. Nw, the new ne is abut three times large than the ld ne, which even makes pssible fr us t hld sprts meetings.
答案：第一句：have→having；第二句：large→larger; 在makes后加it
3．There are billin f asterids in the space. But we human beings are still puzzling abut hw they came t existence.
答案：第一句：billin→billins；第二句：puzzling→puzzled; t→int
Ⅴ.完成句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換/一句多譯
1．(2018·北京卷滿分作文)我詳細(xì)地解釋這個過程的每一步，這也許能夠使他們了解如何泡茶。
I explained every step f the prcess in detail, which_made_it_pssible_fr_them_t_understand hw t make tea.
2．既然你精通英語，你就可以申請這份工作。
Nw_that_yu_have_a_gd_cmmand_f_English,_yu can apply fr the jb.
3．我的父母一天天的變老，該輪到我開始照顧他們了。
My parents are getting lder and lder, s it_is_my_turn_t_start lking after them.
4．互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)明注定要改變我們相互交流的方式。
The inventin f the Internet is_t_change_the_way we cmmunicate with each ther.
5．These travelers returned t the htel. They are tired and sleepy.
→These travelers returned t the htel, tired_and_sleepy．(形容詞短語作狀語)
6．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ滿分作文)這部短片講述了我們學(xué)校的發(fā)展?，F(xiàn)在，我們的學(xué)校是十年前的三倍大。
①The shrt film tells abut the develpment f ur schl. Nw ur schl is_three_times_as_big_as that ten years ag. ()
②The shrt film tells abut the develpment f ur schl. Nw ur schl is_twice_bigger_than that ten years ag. (than)
③The shrt film tells abut the develpment f ur schl. Nw ur schl is_three_times_the_size_f that ten years ag. (size)
B卷——大題提能練
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2021·湖北部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三第一次考試)Step int Mving t Mars, an exhibitin f Mars missin and clny design at Lndn's Design Museum, and immediately yu have gd reasns nt t mve there.
Frightening texts n the walls annunce that Mars wasn't made fr yu; that there is n life and precius little water；that, dressed in a spacesuit, yu will never tuch, taste r smell the planet yu nw call “hme”．As Lisa Grssman wrte fr New Scientist a cuple f years ag，“What's different abut Mars is that there is nthing t d there except try nt t die.”
It is an dd beginning fr such a celebratry exhibitin, but it prvides a valuable, dark backgrund against which the rest f the shw can sparkle (閃耀)—a shw that is, as its chief manager Justin McGuirk remarks，“nt abut Mars; this is an exhibitin abut peple.”
Mving alng, there is a quick yet clear flash thrugh what the science fictin writer Kim Stanley Rbinsn calls“the histry f Mars in the human mind”．A Babylnian clay tablet and a Greek vase speak f early ideas abut the planet.A pster fr the riginal Ttal Recall film reminds us f Mars's psychlgical threat.
The main part f the shw is ur current plans fr the Red Planet.There are real spacesuits and mdels f 3D-printed Martian settlements and suitable clthing and furniture.Missin architecture and engineering sketches line the walls.Real hammers meant fr the Internatinal Space Statin are wall-munted(固定在墻上的) beside a lw-gravity table that has yet t leave and may indeed never leave Earth.
This, f curse, is the great strength f appraching science thrugh design：reality and assumptins can be given equal visual weight, drawing us int an infrmed cnversatin abut what it is that we actually want frm a future n Mars.
1．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Hw t mve t Mars.
B．Hw t survive n Mars.
C．What preparatins we made fr Mars.
D．What the exhibitin f Mars truly tells us.
2．What can we learn frm Lisa Grssman?
A．It's impractical t live n Mars.
B．It's n gd settling n Mars.
C．Yu have nthing t d when living n Mars.
D．Yu can live n Mars in a spacesuit.
3．What des the exhibitin fcus n?
A．The current plans fr Mars.
B．The advantages f living n Mars.
C．The early ideas abut Mars.
D．The histry f Mars in the human mind.
4．What des the authr want t tell us in the last paragraph?
A．A stry.B．An pinin.
C．A fantasy.D．A slutin.
【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一個名為“移居火星”的展覽的相關(guān)內(nèi)容；此展覽主要展示了有關(guān)火星任務(wù)及移民設(shè)計(jì)方面的情況。
1．D 解析：主旨大意題。第一段是文章的總述部分，第二至第五段詳細(xì)介紹了展覽的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，并結(jié)合尾段作者的觀點(diǎn)可知，本文主要是關(guān)于“移居火星”展覽真正告訴我們的信息。故選D。
2．A 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“What's different abut Mars is that there is nthing t d there except try nt t die.”可知，在火星上人類除了努力地活著之外，在那里什么也做不了。由此可推知，在火星上生活是不切實(shí)際的。故選A。
3．A 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“The main part f the shw is ur current plans fr the Red Planet.”可知，這個展覽的主要部分是我們目前關(guān)于這顆紅色星球的計(jì)劃。故選A。
4．B 解析：推理判斷題。通讀第六段可知，該段表述作者對這個展覽的看法。故選B。
B
(2021·泰安6月高考全真模擬)Alice is a senir at Sunset High Schl (SHS) in America.The kids in her schl are lking frward t senir graduatin and summer vacatin.And they still desire t live a significant life：ding smething wrthwhile and making a difference.
Alice, senir class president, decides t take actin by rganizing a fd drive.She als decides t reach ut t the cmmunity in the neighbrhd fr supprt.
She wrte, “Hi! My name is Alice and I'm a senir at Sunset! The SHS student gvernment is hsting a drive and cllecting the canned and bxed fd fr needy families.I knw many students in the slum (貧民窟) are nt able t access regular meals withut schl.One hundred percent f everything dnated will g t families in need.S it wuld be amazing if anybdy culd dnate any extra fd and lay it arund the huse.I wuld be s happy t cme by and pick up any extra fd that anyne has and just let me knw！”
S far, the cmmunity has made sme 400 dnatins, and Alice has picked up each ne.They're left in brwn paper bags arund their huses, and she handles them with the latest glves.It's all packaged fd, and the packaging is cleaned with disinfected wipes.Alng with the rest f the student unin, which brainstrmed the idea last week, Alice is setting up distributin centers t dispense the fd in the city s families can get what they need.
“In the cmmunity, I've seen s many peple ffering their help, and I've picked up s many dnatins frm cmmunity residents，” Alice said.“It's nice t see peple supprting each ther.I think it's really gd that we're being mre cautius, especially within the cmmunity.”Every individual is aware f hw t take care f themselves, their family and thers arund them.They jin hands t make a big difference indeed.With everyne's effrts, the dnatin wrk ges n easily and smthly and many pr families have gt help.
5．What d we knw abut the students at SHS in the text?
A．They're eager fr a meaningful life.
B．They've helped t build a cmmunity.
C．They've graduated frm senir high schl.
D．They're frced t d smething wrthwhile.
6．Why did Alice rganize the fd drive?
A．T gain greater ppularity.
B．T get fd fr families in need.
C．T set up the SHS student unin.
D．T dnate fd t the students in her schl.
7．What des the underlined wrd “dispense” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Recycle.B．Hand ut.
C．Gain.D．Chew up.
8．What can be cncluded frm the last paragraph?
A．East r west, hme is best.
B．It's gd t learn at anther man's cst.
C．Actins speak luder than wrds.
D．Many hands make light wrk.
【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是愛麗絲和她的同學(xué)號召社區(qū)的人捐贈食物以幫助有需要的人。
5．A 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“And they still desire t live a significant life：ding smething wrthwhile and making a difference.”可知，他們渴望有意義的生活，故選A項(xiàng)。
6．B 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“My name is Alice and I'm a senir at Sunset！The SHS student gvernment is hsting a drive and cllecting the canned and bxed fd fr needy families.”可知，愛麗絲組織食品運(yùn)動是為了幫助貧困的家庭，使他們得到食物。
7．B 解析：詞義猜測題。結(jié)合語境以及畫線詞所在句中的“Alice is setting up distributin centers”“s families can get what they need”可知，愛麗絲建立分發(fā)中心是為了分發(fā)食物，這樣許多家庭就可以得到他們需要的東西，畫線詞與hand ut“分發(fā)”意思相近，故選B項(xiàng)。
8．D 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“They jin hands t make a big difference indeed.With everyne's effrts，the dnatin wrk ges n easily and smthly and many pr families have gt help.”可知，在大家的共同努力下，捐贈工作進(jìn)行得輕松順利，許多貧困家庭得到了幫助，即大家一起努力使事情變得容易，故選D項(xiàng)“眾人拾柴火焰高”。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2021·江西五校協(xié)作體高三模擬)Brke Ocha was ging t enter a restaurant fr lunch when she saw an elderly lady appraching.The 30-year-ld wman __1__t keep the dr pen fr her.She thught she was just ding smething__2__．She didn't knw, hwever, that a remark (評論) that the lady wuld make a few secnds later wuld __3__a chain f events that wuld cause her t get cuntless likes n her pst and __4__n scial media suddenly.As Brke entered the restaurant, she__5__the elderly lady asking fr “a table fr ne”．Then she decided t d ne mre act f__6__．Brke walked up t the lady's__7__ and asked，“I als__8__alne.Wuld yu like t have lunch tgether？”
The lady, named Dlres, nt nly accepted Brke's __9__， but she was very pleased t have __10__．The tw__11__up an instant friendship during their meal.
Dlres tld Brke that she'd been having a__12__time.“She spent the last decade living with her mm, wh recently passed away，”Brke wrte in a later pst abut the encunter.“She just kept smiling and saying‘Thank yu fr listening t me’， which made me__13__t！” Brke and Dlres enjyed their cnversatin s much that they__14__t have lunch with each ther every Thursday frm that pint n.In a later__15__，nt lng after their first meeting, Brke__16__that Dlres had passed away.
If nthing else, this chance__17__is evidence that the smallest __18__f gdwill can quite exactly change a life.Neither f the tw wmen knew that Dlres's days n earth were s__19__，but they fund__20__in each ther, and that's what matters.
1．A.hesitatedB．waited
C．cmpetedD．pretended
2．A.pliteB．hnest
C．wiseD．flish
3．A.ignreB．reprt
C．remveD．prduce
4．A.take ffB．set ff
C．leave ffD．cut ff
5．A.realizedB．felt
C．insistedD．verheard
6．A.weaknessB．kindness
C．friendshipD．encuragement
7．A.carB．cunter
C．drD．table
8．A.struggleB．defend
C．eatD．pst
9．A.bwB．care
C．effrtD．ffer
10．A.cmpanyB．frictin
C．a(chǎn)djustmentD．permissin
11．A.turnedB．built
C．threwD．put
12．A.pleasantB．shrt
C．tughD．lucky
13．A.sbB．panic
C．listenD．smile
14．A.seemedB．refused
C．a(chǎn)greedD．remained
15．A.updateB．purchase
C．a(chǎn)bsenceD．praise
16．A.apprvedB．tld
C．a(chǎn)nalyzedD．cmmitted
17．A.cmplaintB．a(chǎn)rgument
C．cnversatinD．a(chǎn)ppintment
18．A.strengthB．a(chǎn)ct
C．cmpetenceD．fault
19．A.limitedB．rich
C．lngD．pr
20．A.successB．reality
C．cmfrtD．equality
【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。布魯克·奧喬亞去餐館吃飯時偶遇了一位老婦人，她為這位老婦人開門，又在得知老婦人自己一個人吃飯后邀請其共進(jìn)午餐，兩人由此建立了友誼，并約定每周四共進(jìn)午餐；但在她們第一次見面后不久，那位老婦人就去世了。這段友誼雖然很短暫，但是她們在彼此身上找到了安慰。
1．B 解析：根據(jù)空后的“keep the dr pen fr her”和下文布魯克因?yàn)檫@個行為獲贊可知，布魯克在那等著為那位老婦人開門。故選B。hesitate意為“猶豫”，pretend意為“假裝”。
2．A 解析：根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容并結(jié)合常識可知，等著為別人開門是一種禮貌的行為。故選A。
3．D 解析：與該句中的“cause”呼應(yīng)，并結(jié)合空后的“a chain f events”可知，此處表示幾秒后那位老婦人的評論會引起(prduce)一連串的事件。
4．A 解析：與句中的“get cuntless likes”呼應(yīng)可知，此處表示布魯克因?yàn)闊o數(shù)點(diǎn)贊而在社交媒體上開始走紅。take ff意為“開始走紅”，set ff意為“出發(fā)”，leave ff意為“停止、中斷”，cut ff意為“中斷”。
5．D 解析：根據(jù)語境可知，當(dāng)布魯克走進(jìn)餐館，她無意中聽到那位老婦人正在要一張單人桌。verhear意為“無意中聽到、偶然聽到”。
6．B 解析：根據(jù)上文可知，布魯克為老婦人開門是一種禮貌的行為；當(dāng)她無意中聽到那位老婦人想要一張單人桌時，她決定再多做一個善舉。
7．D 解析：根據(jù)上文中的“table”可知，布魯克走到老婦人的餐桌旁邀請她一起共進(jìn)午餐。
8．C 解析：根據(jù)空后的“Wuld yu like t have lunch tgether？”可知，布魯克也是一個人來餐館吃飯的。
9．D 解析：根據(jù)上文中的“Wuld yu like t have lunch tgether？”可知，這是布魯克的提議(ffer)。
10．A 解析：與上文中的“a table fr ne”“alne”形成對比可知，老婦人不僅接受了布魯克的提議，而且也樂意吃飯有個伴兒。cmpany意為“陪伴”，frictin意為“摩擦”，adjustment意為“調(diào)整”，permissin意為“許可”。
11．B 解析：根據(jù)語境可知，兩個陌生人在就餐過程中迅速建立了友誼。
12．C 解析：根據(jù)下一句中的“She spent the last decade living with her mm，wh recently passed away”可推知，老婦人當(dāng)時正在過著艱難的日子。tugh意為“艱難的”。
13．D 解析：根據(jù)本句中的“She just kept smiling”和“t”可知，老婦人感染了布魯克，布魯克也面帶微笑。故選D。sb意為“啜泣”，panic意為“(使)驚慌”。
14．C 解析：根據(jù)該句中的“Brke and Dlres enjyed their cnversatin s much”可知，布魯克和德洛麗絲聊得很開心，因此兩人約定每個星期四都共進(jìn)午餐。agree意為“商定、約定”。
15．A 解析：與上文“Brke wrte in a later pst abut the encunter.”呼應(yīng)可知，此處表示在布魯克和德洛麗絲第一次見面之后不久更新的一篇帖子中，布魯克說德洛麗絲已經(jīng)去世了。
16．B 解析：參見上題解析。
17．C 解析：根據(jù)上文中的“Brke and Dlres enjyed their cnversatin s much” 可知，此處表示布魯克和德洛麗絲共進(jìn)午餐時所進(jìn)行的談話。
18．B 解析：與上文中的“Then she decided t d ne mre act f ______．”形成呼應(yīng)可推知，此處表示善舉。故選B。cmpetence意為“能力”，fault意為“過錯、過失”。
19．A 解析：根據(jù)上文可知，在布魯克和德洛麗絲約定一起共進(jìn)午餐后不久，德洛麗絲就去世了，故此處表示當(dāng)時她們都不知道德洛麗絲在世的時間如此有限。
20．C 解析：布魯克和德洛麗絲共進(jìn)午餐時聊得很開心，她們之間建立了友誼。彼此在對方那里找到了安慰。
Ⅲ.短文改錯
Ten years ag, my hmetwn is a small and pr city with few factries.And the citizens had few chice n transprtatin.Hwever, nwadays my hmetwn has taken n brand new lk with rapid develpment f culture and ecnmy.The citizens' living cnditins have been greatly imprve and their lifestyles are different frm in the past.Shp nline has becme ppular.When they cmes t transprtatin, private cars have becme a cmmn way f traveling beside public transprtatin.The best change is which all the peple are living a hpeful life with cnfident.
答案：
Ten years ag, my hmetwn eq \f(is,①was) a small and pr city with few factries.And the citizens had few eq \f(chice,②chices) n transprtatin.Hwever, nwadays my hmetwn has taken n brand new lk with rapid develpment f culture and ecnmy.The citizens' living cnditins have been greatly eq \f(imprve,④imprved) and their lifestyles are different frm the past.eq \f(Shp,⑥Shpping) nline has becme ppular.When eq \f(they,⑦it) cmes t transprtatin, private cars have becme a cmmn way f traveling eq \f(beside,⑧besides) public transprtatin.The best change is eq \f(which,⑨t(yī)hat) all the peple are living a hpeful life with eq \f(cnfident,⑩cnfidence).
①is改為was。考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的時間狀語Ten years ag可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時。
②chice改為chices。考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。chice意為“選擇”，為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)句中的few可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
③在brand前加a。考查冠詞。句中的lk意為“樣子”，為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示“呈現(xiàn)一個全新的樣貌”，屬于泛指，故用不定冠詞，且brand的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故用a。
④imprve改為imprved?？疾檎Z態(tài)。句子的主語The citizens' living cnditins與動詞imprve是被動關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。
⑤刪除frm后的in?？疾榻樵~。本句中的the past作介詞frm的賓語，in多余，故刪除。
⑥Shp改為Shpping?？疾榉侵^語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處作句子的主語，且助動詞為has，因此用動詞-ing形式作主語。
⑦they改為it?？疾榇~。when it cmes t sth./t ding sth.是固定句式，表示“當(dāng)涉及某事(或做某事)時”。
⑧beside改為besides。考查介詞。由句意可知，此處表示除了公共交通之外，私家車已成為一種常見的交通方式。besides意為“除……之外”。beside意為“在旁邊”，不符合語境。
⑨which改為that?？疾槊~性從句的連接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)表語從句，從句中不缺少任何成分，故用that引導(dǎo)。that引導(dǎo)表語從句時常不可省略。
⑩cnfident改為cnfidence?？疾槊~。該詞位于介詞with之后，應(yīng)用名詞形式。with cnfidence意為“滿懷信心地”。

相關(guān)試卷

相關(guān)試卷更多

相關(guān)試卷

相關(guān)試卷 更多

相關(guān)試卷更多