專題15閱讀理解之事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題講解與練習(xí)-2023年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)小題多維練（通用版）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

Part 1整體感知
一、細(xì)節(jié)理解題分類：直接信息題和間接信息題（語意轉(zhuǎn)換題）
常出的設(shè)問方式：殊疑問句形式。常常以when, where, why, what, which, wh, hw much/many等疑問詞引出的問題。
Which tur d yu need t bk in advance?
What will yu d n the Capital City Bike Tur?
Hw lng des Ptty abut Ptter last?
Hw much shuld a member f a tur grup pay t visit Hall&Gardens?
Where can yu buy a suvenir at Pacifiv Science Center?
二、正確選項(xiàng)特征
1. 同義替換。指對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同意替換。如把reserve替換成了bk。有些細(xì)節(jié)理解題把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，例如把reserve替換成reservatin；改變原文中句子的語態(tài)；如主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。
2. 信息歸納。用精煉的語言來概括原文中比較分散或復(fù)雜的信息，設(shè)置為正確答案。
3.正話反說。把原文的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。
三、干擾選項(xiàng)特征
1. 張冠李戴。是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容。
2. 無中生有。符合常識，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。
3. 曲解文意。與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在某個細(xì)節(jié)處有些變動。
4. 顛倒是非。在意思上與原文大相徑庭人甚至完全相反。
5. 正誤參半。部分正確，部分錯誤
Part 2 解題方法
方法1 直接信息題
從題干中找關(guān)鍵詞回歸原文，快速瀏覽原文定位與關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的信息句
仔細(xì)核對比較內(nèi)容，找到答案
典題例證（2018.全國卷I閱讀A節(jié)選）
Washingtn Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tur
Duratin:3 hurs(7miles)
Jin a small grup bike tur fr an evening f explratin in the heart f Washingtn, D.C. Get up clse t the mnuments and memrials as yur bike the sites f Capitl Hill and the Natinal Mall. Frequent stps are made fr pht taking as yur guide ffers unique facts and histry. Tur includes bike, helmet, and bttled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
23. Which f the fllwing des the bicycle tur at night prvide?
A. City maps. B. Cameras.
C. Meals D. Safety lights
第一步：依據(jù)題干信息，選擇定位關(guān)鍵詞
仔細(xì)閱讀題干可知“at night”為問題的定位關(guān)鍵詞。
第二步：由定位關(guān)鍵詞，回歸原文進(jìn)行信息定位
帶著“at night”這個定位關(guān)鍵詞，通過尋讀、略讀等技巧可快速找到有此關(guān)鍵詞的句子“Tur includes bike, helmet, and bttled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.”，根據(jù)此句，可以迅速確定答案為D選項(xiàng)。
方法2 間接信息題
第一步：審讀題干抓關(guān)鍵詞，定位信息區(qū)間
確定關(guān)鍵詞時，要注意該詞在原文中的唯一性，這樣有助于快速定位原文的信息區(qū)間。
根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，結(jié)合命題順序原則（題目的順序與文章的順序大體一致）回到原文找命題區(qū)間。
第二步：選項(xiàng)與原文逐一對比，仔細(xì)甄別，排除干擾選項(xiàng)，確定正確答案
典題例證（2017.全國卷II閱讀D節(jié)選）
When a leafy plant is under attack, it desn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, tw scientists,Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin,reprted that yung maple trees getting bitten by insects send ut a particular smell that neighbring plants can get. These chemicals cme frm the injured parts f the plant and seem t be an alarm.What the plants pump thrugh the air is a mixture f chemicals knwn as vlatile rganic cmpunds, VOCs fr shrt.
32. What des a plant d when it is under attack?
A. It makes nises. B. It gets help frm ther plants.
C. It stands quietly D. It sends ut certain chemicals.
第一步：審讀題干找出關(guān)鍵詞，定位信息區(qū)間
根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞的醒目性和唯一性原則，可以確定本題的關(guān)鍵詞為plant和under attack。從而定位本題的信息區(qū)間為所節(jié)選段。
第二步：選項(xiàng)與原文逐一對比，確定正確選項(xiàng)
It makes nises.信息定位When a leafy plant is under attack, it desn’t sit quietly… send ut a particular smell… 對比分析，選項(xiàng)定性：無中生有
It gets help frm ther plants.信息定位yung maple trees getting bitten by insects send ut a particular smell that neighbring plants can get. 對比分析,選項(xiàng)定性：曲解文意
It stands quietly. 信息定位When a leafy plant is under attack, it desn’t sit quietly. 對比分析,選項(xiàng)定性：顛倒是非
It sends ut certain chemicals.信息定位send ut a particular smell that neighbring plants can get… knwn as vlatile rganic cmpunds, VOCs fr shrt. 對比分析,選項(xiàng)定性：信息歸納
Part 3 閱讀理解仿真組合練
A
Butterfly Garden (Permanent Exhibit)
Walk amng the free-flying residents f this warm cnservatry. It is a wnderful pprtunity t get clse t a variety f living butterflies frm New England and acrss the glbe. The “Emergence Bx” ffers a windw int the butterfly behavir. Lk inside t see hanging chrysalids (蝶蛹) transfrm int adult butterflies. Tickets are required and visitrs shuld reserve at least tw weeks in advance.
A Bird’s Wrld (Permanent Exhibit)
This exhibit features the Museum’s extrardinary cllectin f birds, displaying ver 300 species fund in New England. Here, yu can learn t interpret the bird language taking place just utside yur windw at hme.
Test yur bservatin skills and see if yu can get past different birds withut them alerting (發(fā)信號) ther animals t yur presence. Learn t identify birds frm a distance by recgnizing unique flight patterns. Practice yur flying technique in the Bird Walk.
Hall f Human Life (Permanent Exhibit)
Shuld yu have yur baby’s DNA sequenced? What keeps yu awake? Step inside the Hall f Human Life, the Museum’s new bilgy exhibitin, and encunter such far-reaching questins n an amazing jurney inside the human bdy. Thrugh digital media and persnal interactin, yu becme “part f the stry’, as yu cntribute yur wn data in a prcess f learning and discvery.
BODY WORLDS & The Cycle f Life (Temprary Exhibit Nw Open!)
BODY WORLDS cmes t the Museum f Science with a new chapter, Gunther vn Hagens’ BODY WORLDS & The Cycle f Life. Dn’t miss this truly unique pprtunity t lk within yurself and gain a whle new perspective n what it means t be alive. Mre than ne hundred preserved human specimens reveal the wnders f human develpment and shw hw pr health, gd health, and lifestyle chices can shape yur bdy.
1. Which exhibit d yu need t bk in advance?
A. Butterfly GardenB. A Bird’s Wrld
C. Hall f Human LifeD. BODY WORLDS & The Cycle f Life
2. What can yu d in A Bird’s Wrld?
A. Imprve yur wn flying technique.
B. Cmmunicate with birds in bdy language.
C. Watch digital media shwing birds’ histry.
D. See different birds frm all ver the wrld.
3. What is special abut BODY WORLDS & The Cycle f Life?
A. It is related t human bdy.
B. It lasts fr nly a limited time.
C. It is the mst visited exhibitin in the wrld.
D. It has smething t d with the grwth f life.
B
Natinal Park Assciatin f Queensland Activities
Vegetatin Management Grup
Saturday 14th March 2020
Lcatin: Jlly’ s Lkut carpark, D’Aguilar Natinal Park
Leader: Angus McElnea (0429854446 r gus mcelnea@htmail.cm)
Get yur hands dirty! Cme and spend a cuple f hurs t help with lantana(a type f flwering plant) cntrl and revegetatin(植被再造) wrk in the Bmbana and Jlly’s Lkut areas f D’Aguilar Natinal Park, west f Brisbane.
Wynnum Nrth Bardwalk
Sunday 15th March 2020
Lcatin: Wynnum Nrth Bardwalk Leader: Jcelyn Dixn (0733788486)
Fee: $5(members) $10(nn-members)
Jin with us t view the water and bush birds f this area. A track frm Wynnum Nrth Rad leads t a secret place fr viewing a diverse mix f birds walking arund in water. Frm there we will take a shrt walk t the Mangrve Bardwalk.
May Lng Weekend Camp
Saturday 2nd May t Mnday 4th May 2020 Leader: Tny Parsns (0433224544)
Jin us fr a lng weekend in Brder Rangers Natinal Park, camping at Sheep Statin Creek campgrund. Spend the days explring the natinal park, and evenings arund the campfire. We will have the chance t view Mt Warning frm the Pinnacle at sunrise and sunset. Bring yur family and stay fr the weekend r cme dwn fr a day. It will be enjyable.
Central West Qld Natinal Parks
Saturday 29th August t Sunday 6th September 2020 Leader: Wendy Bell(0733002473)
Exciting pprtunity t visit and explre at least six natinal parks in the cmfrt f a big cach and be accmmdated, rather than camping. Basic cst f the tur is $3, 400 per persn. Ttal cst includes all transprt, all meals, and activity fees.
4. Wh will yu call if yu are interested in bird-watching?
A. Angus McElnea.B. Jcelyn Dixn.C. Tny Parsns.D. Wendy Bell.
5. In which f the activities will a fire be built?
A. May Lng Weekend Camp.B. Wynnum Nrth Bardwalk.
C. Vegetatin Management Grup.D. Central West Qld Natinal Parks.
6. Hw is Central West Qld Natinal Parks different frm the ther activities?
A. It is a weekend activity.
B. Lts f walking is invlved.
C. The rganizer prvides the transprt.
D. Visitrs have t bring their wn fd.
C
We can stay yung frever. That is the message Dr. Shen Ziyin wants t give the wrld. And the Chinese dctr claims that he has fund an answer t the prblems f aging.
His slutin is a herbal medicine t slw the prcess f aging.
Dr. Shen Ziyin has been trained in Western medicine. At the same time he studied traditinal Chinese medicine. And, he has been wrking fr the past frty years t put tgether the best f bth and find a cure fr aging. He has taken a hint frm the ancient Chinese medicine system called "shen".
Accrding t Shen, it is the kidney (腎臟)which adjusts the functining f the bdy as well as its aging prcess. It is respnsible fr the level f activity that the human bdies g thrugh. Studies cnducted by Dr. Shen shw that herbal medicine based n the shen system slw the aging prcess, says a reprt in The Telegraph newspaper.
We ntice that when peple grw ld, they have reduced strength, lss f hair, backache, weakness in general, and wrinkles, amng thers. This happens because when peple grw ld, their bdies prduce T-cells. These T-cells cntain a particular substance called Fas. Fas makes the cells in the bdy destruct themselves.
S the nly way t slw dwn aging is t slw the prductin f T-cells in the bdy. This can happen if peple eat lw calrie fd. Then the bdy is nt active enugh t prduce extra T-cells. But, is ging hungry all the time a gd price t pay fr staying yung?
This is where Dr. Shen's herbal medicine cmes in. But hw effective it will be, nly time can tell.
7. Hw did Dr. Shen find the slutin t the prblem f aging?
A. By studying Western medicine.
B. By learning traditinal Chinese medicine.
C. By ding research n bth Western and Chinese peple.
D. By cmbining bth Western and Chinese medicine.
8. What plays the mst imprtant rle in keeping peple yung accrding t Shen?
A. Medical treatment.B. Peple's gd kidney.
C. Level f peple's activity.D. Psitive life attitude.
9. The reasn why peple becme ld is that _____.
A. they becme weaker and weaker
B. their bdies are unable t fight diseases
C. they have reduced strength, lss f hair
D. their bdies prduce T-cells
10. We can prbably learn frm the passage that _____.
A. eating mre lw calrie fd can allw peple t keep yung
B. the mre Chinese herbal medicine peple drink, the better fr health
C. peple shuld try t quicken the prductin f T-cells in the bdy
D. Dr. Shen's herbal medicine is very effective
D
Dressed in a dark blue waterprf (防水) jacket, utdr shes and a small backpack, 25-year-ld Ye Tian tries t get in an abandned cking plant in Beijing.
An intern (實(shí)習(xí)生) fr a German cmpany in Beijing, Ye is amng thusands f yuth interested in city adventures, which they call urban explratin-4urbex' fr shrt.
The aim f this trending (流行) hbby is t explre structures — usually abandned ruins r hidden areas f the manmade envirnment. Urban explrers are interested in these sites because they can understand cities frm a different angle. Ye, fr example, said he enjyed the cntrast between Beijing's tw sides.
Widely knwn scenic spts and histrical sites can nly reflect the bright side f the city, r what the city wants yu t see, Ye said. “But abandned places shw yu the past (that is) hidden deep in peple's memries."
In the eyes f Pan Ran, wh is in her early 30s and wrks in Canada, an abandned building can als evke (引起，喚起) the spirits f thse wh lived and wrked there.
“There are diaries and letters recrding the wner's lives,” she said. “And ne time, I fund a whle bx f 8-millimeter videtapes f a family?
Pan culdn't watch the tapes at the site, as the pwer supply had been cut. She didn't take them away with her either, as there is a very imprtant rule f urbex that yu can't remve any suvenirs frm a site", Pan said.
While urban explratin can get peple t extrardinary places that few have visited, it's smetimes dangerus. Climbing up tall buildings and tip-teing thrugh abandned structures can smetimes be a life-threatening affair.
Injuries and even death are nt unheard f within the urbex cmmunity.
"In the beginning, I was pretty audacius and believed the riskier the places yu g, the better phts yu get," said Du Tianyu, 22. "But that is nt necessarily the case. After ding my calculatins, I learned t stp when I reach the limit."
11. Accrding t the text, why d urban explrers like t visit abandned places?
A. T escape the crwdedness f cities.
B. T take breathtaking pictures.
C. T appreciate different aspects f a city.
D. T knw abut the lives f the peple wh left.
12. What des Pan say is an imprtant rule f urban explratin?
A. Dn't take things frm a site.
B. Dn't buy suvenirs when explring structures.
C. Only explre abandned sites with lng histries.
D. Share travel diaries r jurnals within the urbex cmmunity.
13. The underlined wrd “audacius” in the last paragraph prbably means_____ .
A. cautiusB. adventurus
C. passinateD. curius
14. What's the best title fr the passage?
A. Travel in Big CitiesB. Visit a City's Histrical Sites
C. Experience a City's LifeD. See a City's Secrets

相關(guān)試卷

相關(guān)試卷更多

相關(guān)試卷

相關(guān)試卷 更多

相關(guān)試卷更多