
指出畫線部分所做的句子成分1.My mum keeps telling me t g ut with my schl friends instead. ?2.Actually,I d knw I need t drag myself away frm the nline wrld. ?3.My aim is t d well in every subject this term. ?4.Be quiet,please!I have smething imprtant t say. ?5.It always makes me excited t wrk hard and achieve a team gal tgether. ?6.T achieve all I want,I must use my time well. ?
1.When the jurney ended,Zac’s adventure received widespread media cverage.(Page 28)當(dāng)旅行結(jié)束時,扎克的探險受到了媒體的廣泛報道?!颿verage n.新聞報道;覆蓋范圍 Yu can see live cverage f England’s game against France.你可以看到英格蘭和法國隊比賽的現(xiàn)場報道。Their cverage f the accident was criticised fr ignring its causes.他們對那起事故的報道因忽略了其起因而受到了批評。
【合作探究】 讀一讀·細(xì)觀察 閱讀下列句子,寫出句中黑體部分的詞性、詞組和含義①The curse ffers gd cverage f the subject.詞性 名詞 含義 覆蓋范圍②The grund was cvered with snw.詞性 動詞 含義 覆蓋詞組 be cvered with?含義 被……覆蓋
③Her new bk cvers the perid frm 1870 t 1919.詞性 動詞 含義 涉及;包括④We will be cvering the game live n Saturday afternn.詞性 動詞 含義 報道⑤We need $100 a mnth t cver the rent.詞性 動詞 含義 支付⑥We had t cver the last three miles n ft.詞性 動詞 含義 行走(一段路程)
記一記·長知識 cverage n.新聞報道;覆蓋范圍cver vt.覆蓋;涉及;包括;報道;支付;行走(一段路程)be cvered with...被……覆蓋
【即學(xué)即用】 單句語法填空①Later he fund the hle (cver) with sme leaves.?②They gave the stry (cver) in the evening news.?
寫出下列句中cver的含義③Much f the cuntry is cvered by frest. ?④The survey cvers all aspects f the business. ?⑤Yur parents will have t cver yur tuitin fees. ?⑥They walked fr a lng time and cvered a gd deal f grund. ?⑦She was cvering the party’s annual cnference then. ?
2.The crwd std t applaud scientists fr their imprtant cean research wrk.(Page 29)人們站起來為科學(xué)家們重要的海洋研究工作鼓掌。★applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.稱贊;贊賞We applaud the decisin t g ahead with the new building.我們贊成開始建造新大樓的決定。When the scientist walked int the hall,they all std t applaud.當(dāng)那位科學(xué)家進(jìn)入大廳時,他們都站起來鼓掌。
【合作探究】 讀一讀·細(xì)觀察 閱讀下列句子,寫出句中黑體部分的詞性、詞組和含義①I applaud her fr having the curage t refuse.詞組 applaud sb fr...?含義 因為……贊賞某人②Let’s have a rund f applause fr ur speakers tday.詞性 名詞 含義 鼓掌;掌聲
【即學(xué)即用】 單句語法填空①The fans all std up, (applaud) the singer fr her sweet vice.?②Let’s give the children a big rund f (applaud).?
applauding
完成句子③他為改變狀況所做的努力應(yīng)該受到贊許。His effrts t imprve the situatin are .?④他開始鼓掌,其他人也跟著鼓起掌來。He and the thers jined in.?
t be applauded
started t applaud
語法精講動詞不定式的形式和功能動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的一種形式,它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,在句中可以做主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等,但不能做謂語。一、結(jié)構(gòu)基本結(jié)構(gòu):t+動詞原形,有時動詞不定式符號t可以省略。否定形式:nt t+動詞原形。
二、用法1.做主語動詞不定式做主語時,表示具體的行為或?qū)淼男袨?。謂語動詞用單數(shù)。T lve and t be lved is the greatest happiness ne can seek.愛與被愛是一個人所能尋找的最大幸福。為了避免頭重腳輕,常用it做形式主語放在句首,做主語的動詞不定式常置于句末。It wuld be better fr yu t g there.你還是去那兒好。
溫馨提示①若要說明動詞不定式表示的動作的發(fā)出者的話,要在動詞不定式前加fr引導(dǎo)的短語,構(gòu)成“fr+名詞(或代詞的賓格)+動詞不定式”短語,這一短語被稱為動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。②在“It is+adj.+動詞不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”句型中,當(dāng)其中的形容詞是說明邏輯主語的性質(zhì)、品質(zhì)時,要由f引出邏輯主語,不能用fr。這類形容詞主要有clever,flish,kind,nice,plite,silly,stupid,wise等。
It’s easy fr him t wrk ut this maths prblem.對他來說解出這道數(shù)學(xué)題很容易。It was careless f him t make such a mistake.=He was careless t make such a mistake.出了這樣的錯誤,他太粗心了。
【即學(xué)即用】 完成句子①人們?yōu)殄X而結(jié)婚是錯誤的。 It wuld be wrng f peple .?②每天早上讀英語對我們來說是必要的。It is necessary fr us .?
t marry fr mney
t read English every mrning
③做這樣的事是違反我的原則的。It is against my principles .?④要在一天之內(nèi)完成這項工作是不可能的。 in ne day is impssible.?⑤建造這個博物館需要一百萬美元。 requires ne millin dllars.?
t d such a thing
T finish this jb
T build this museum
2.做表語動詞不定式在系動詞后做表語,往往說明主語的具體內(nèi)容,且含有將來意義。What he wants t d is t teach the naughty by a lessn.他想做的是給這個調(diào)皮男孩一個教訓(xùn)。His wish is t becme a famus jurnalist when he grws up.他的愿望是長大后成為一名著名記者。
【即學(xué)即用】 翻譯句子①The next step is t make sure that yu knw exactly what is required.②The purpse f educatin is t develp a fine persnality in children.③Yu must speak ut,if we are t remain friends.
答案:下一步你要真正弄清楚需要的是什么。
答案:教育的目的是發(fā)展兒童完美的品格。
答案:如果我們還想繼續(xù)做朋友的話,你就必須把話都說出來。
④What am I t say if they ask me the questin?⑤Yu must be patient and persistent if yu are t succeed.
答案:要是他們問我這個問題,我該怎么回答呢?
答案:想要成功,你就必須有耐心,有毅力。
3.做賓語(1)直接做及物動詞的賓語 通常跟動詞不定式做賓語的動詞有:affrd,agree,aim,appear,arrange,attempt,chse,claim,decide,demand,determine,expect,fail,help,hesitate,hpe,learn,lng,manage,neglect,ffer,plan,prepare,pretend,prmise,refuse,seem,swear,tend,threaten,undertake,vlunteer,vw,want,wish等。
The driver failed t see the ther car in time.司機(jī)沒能及時看見另一輛車。He has prmised t help me with my English.他已經(jīng)答應(yīng)幫我學(xué)英語了。
(2)“疑問詞+動詞不定式”,動詞不定式前可帶what,wh,which,where,when,hw,whether等疑問詞。Please shw us hw t deal with that prblem.請告訴我們?nèi)绾螒?yīng)對那個問題。I dn’t knw which ne t chse.我不知道選哪一個。
(3)常用句型“主語+v.+it+adj./n.+t d sth”。其中,it為形式賓語,t d為真正的賓語。能用于這一句型的動詞有:believe,cnsider,feel,find,make,suppse,think等。I think it very useful t learn a freign language.我認(rèn)為學(xué)門外語很有用。
【即學(xué)即用】 翻譯句子①她渴望返回家鄉(xiāng)。②我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難和他一起工作。③我不知道怎樣處理這樣的事情。
答案:She lnged t g back t her hmetwn.
答案:I find it difficult t wrk with him.
答案:I dn’t knw hw t deal with such a thing.
④最后他設(shè)法完成了那個艱難的任務(wù)。⑤他的父母沒有錢送他去更好的學(xué)校。
答案:His parents can’t affrd t send him t a better schl.
答案:At last he managed t finish the difficult task.
4.做定語 (1)動詞不定式做定語時,要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。 Attentin,please.I have smething imprtant t say.請注意,我有重要的事情要說。Every day he made ne f the smaller animals bring him smething t eat.他每天叫一個較小的動物給他帶來一些吃的東西。
(2)如果動詞不定式是不及物動詞,后面就應(yīng)有必要的介詞。Give me a piece f paper t write n.給我一張紙寫字。(3)當(dāng)中心詞為序數(shù)詞,最高級,the last,the nly等或中心詞被這類詞修飾時,常用不定式做定語。She is hard-wrking and is always the first ne t cme every day.她很勤奮,每天總是第一個來。He is the nly persn t knw the truth.他是唯一了解真相的人。
【即學(xué)即用】 單句語法填空①The last persn (arrive) will pay fr the meal.?②D yu have smething (tell) us abut the lss??③He is the right persn (finish) the wrk n time.?④I’d like t,but I have sme emails (answer) tnight.?⑤He is pr and has n mney (buy)his parents a huse t live in.?
5.做狀語 (1)表示目的 She went t the hspital t see her grandfather yesterday.昨天她去醫(yī)院看望了她爺爺。T keep up with thers,he has been wrking very hard.為了趕上別人,他一直在努力學(xué)習(xí)。
溫馨提示做目的狀語的動詞不定式前,常加上in rder或s as,但s as不能位于句首。She asked me t drive her t the airprt in rder/s as t catch the 5:00 plane.為了趕上5點的飛機(jī)她讓我開車把她送到機(jī)場。
(2)表示結(jié)果 動詞不定式做狀語表示結(jié)果時常用如下結(jié)構(gòu):s+形容詞/副詞+as t d 如此……以至于……such+形容詞+名詞+as t d 如此……以至于……enugh+名詞+t d 足夠……去做……名詞/形容詞/副詞+enugh+t d 足夠……去做……t+形容詞/副詞+t d 太……以致不能……He is nt s stupid (such a fl) as t d that.他還沒有蠢到做那種事。The rescue ship arrived t late t save mre peple.救援船來得太晚,沒能挽救更多的人。
溫馨提示動詞不定式短語表示結(jié)果時,常與nly連用,暗示一種意外的結(jié)果。He hurried t the statin,nly t find the train had left.他匆忙趕到車站,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。
(3)表示原因動詞不定式做原因狀語,常用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞后。I’m srry t hear yur grandma is ill.聽到你奶奶生病我很遺憾。
(4)“be+性質(zhì)形容詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)在“be+性質(zhì)形容詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中,常見的形容詞有:easy,hard,difficult,interesting,heavy,pleasant,light,gd,fit,cmfrtable,safe,dangerus,impssible等。The bx is nt easy t carry.這個箱子不容易攜帶。溫馨提示在此句型中,動詞不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。
【即學(xué)即用】 單句語法填空①The wman gt up early (get) a seat in the market.?②The man is careful enugh (deal) with such a situatin.?③I’m mre than happy (tell) yu smething abut my jurney.?④In fact,the text is hard (understand) fr such children.?
t understand
6.做賓語補(bǔ)足語(1)動詞不定式常跟在下列動詞之后做賓語補(bǔ)足語:ask,advise,allw,beg,cause,cmmand,enable,encurage,expect,frce,invite,rder,permit,persuade,remind,require,request,teach,tell,urge,warn等。My friend invited me t see a gd film yesterday.昨天我的朋友邀請我去看了一部好電影。Wh taught yu t play the music?誰教你彈這支曲子的?
(2)在使役動詞 let,have,make或感官動詞(詞組)see,watch,lk at,ntice,bserve,hear,listen t,smell,feel等后做賓語補(bǔ)足語時,通常省略t。get除外(get sb t d sth)。The teacher made him say the wrd like this.老師讓他像這樣說這個單詞。溫馨提示上述動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時動詞不定式符號t不能省略。The children were seen t run dwn the street.有人看到孩子們沿著這條街跑了。
【即學(xué)即用】 翻譯句子①她要我在她不在的時候接電話。②什么使她輟學(xué)的?③記得通知你的同學(xué)們出席會議。
答案:She asked me t answer the phne in her absence.
答案:What caused her t give up her studies?
答案:Remember t infrm yur classmates t attend the meeting.
④他注意到一個年輕女孩走進(jìn)了銀行。⑤最后他被迫放棄了自己的設(shè)計。
答案:He nticed a yung girl enter the bank.
答案:In the end he was frced t give up his wn design.
動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)1.動詞不定式的時態(tài)有三種:一般時(t d)、進(jìn)行時(t be ding)、完成時(t have dne)。I’d like t,but I have smething mre imprtant t d tnight.我很愿意,但是今晚我有更重要的事情要做。When I entered the rm,she seemed t be reading a bk.當(dāng)我進(jìn)屋時,她好像是在讀書。I’m srry t have kept yu waiting s lng.很抱歉讓你們等那么久。
2.當(dāng)句子中的動詞不定式與其所關(guān)聯(lián)的名詞有被動關(guān)系時,動詞不定式用被動語態(tài)。Can yu tell me which windw is t be repaired?你能告訴我哪個窗戶需要修理嗎?The meeting t be held tmrrw is abut educatin.明天要開的會議是關(guān)于教育的。
【即學(xué)即用】 單句語法填空①It seemed that he had smething (tell) us.?②When I walked past,he pretended (bserve) the flwer.?③I’m glad (get) such a gd chance.?④The building (cnstruct) next year is fr ld prfessrs.?⑤I hear that the yungest emplyee is (questin) sn by the manager.?
t be bserving
t be cnstructed
一、選詞填空1.Jhn was made (washing/t wash) the truck fr a week as a punishment.?答案:t wash2.We agreed (meeting/t meet) here but s far she hasn’t turned up yet.?答案:t meet
3.The questin asked by the teacher is very difficult (answering/t answer).?答案:t answer4.I frgt (reminded/t remind) her that my cat buttns needed t be sewn n.?答案:t remind5.He tld us whether (having/t have) a picnic was still under discussin.?答案:t have
6.Tm is said (t study/t have studied) abrad,but I dn’t knw what cuntry he studied in.?答案:t have studied7. (T sleep/Sleeping) late in the mrning,Bb turned ff the alarm clck.?答案:T sleep8.Each f us has a rle (playing/t play) in making the earth a better place t live.?答案:t play
二、完成句子1.她的夢想是大學(xué)畢業(yè)后做一名好醫(yī)生。Her dream is after she graduates frm cllege.?答案:t be a gd dctr2.這個女人提醒她兒子盡快給爸爸寫信。The wman reminded her sn as sn as pssible.?答案:t write t his father
3.這個年輕人打算明年給父母買一所新房子。The yung man intended the next year.?答案:t buy a new huse fr his parents4.下周要討論的主題是關(guān)于運(yùn)動會的。The tpic next week is abut the sprts meeting.?答案:t be discussed
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