
A.錦標(biāo)賽;聯(lián)賽B.混合;結(jié)合體;混合物C.鼓掌;稱贊;贊賞D.對(duì)……征稅;使納稅;稅;稅款E.膠囊;太空艙
1.After the speaker finished his speech,we all rse t applaud.( )2.A Russian space capsule is currently rbiting the earth.( )3.The increased tax burden culd frce many small cmpanies t clse.( )【答案】1.C 2.E 3.D
4.N prfessinals may participate in the amateur tennis turnament.( )5.The mixture described belw will apprximate(接近) it,but is nt exactly the same.( )【答案】4.A 5.B
Ⅱ.猜單詞拼寫1.plitics n.政治;政治觀點(diǎn)→________ adj.政治的;政治上的→__________ n.政治家;政客(參考:physics→physical→physician)2.prfessin n.職業(yè)→__________ adj.職業(yè)的;專業(yè)的(參考:regin→reginal)【答案】1.plitical;plitician 2.prfessinal
3.mix v.混合;摻入→__________ n.混合;混合物(參考:depart→departure)4.cver v.覆蓋;涉及;報(bào)道;采訪→__________ n.新聞報(bào)道;覆蓋范圍(參考:pst→pstage)5.turney vi.參加比賽→__________ n.錦標(biāo)賽;聯(lián)賽(參考:mve→mvement)【答案】3.mixture 4.cverage 5.turnament
Ⅲ.預(yù)備語法(動(dòng)詞不定式)指出黑體部分在句中作什么句子成分1.T cmplete the great map f the wrld was a strng passin fr the peple f early civilisatins.( )2.It’s very imprtant t master a freign language.( )【答案】1.主語 2.It作形式主語,真正的主語為后面的動(dòng)詞不定式短語
3.The aim f this initiative is t encurage cperatin and trade acrss the histric Silk Rad areas,and strengthen the bnds between China and the rest f the wrld.( )4.Trading has grwn greatly in recent years,and will cntinue t d s in years t cme.( )5.Marc Pl’s tales inspired Eurpean explrers t search fr sea rutes frm west t east.( )【答案】3.表語 4.賓語 5.賓語補(bǔ)足語
6.Here,merchants frm China and many ther places met t negtiate trade deals,which als led t mre awareness f each ther’s cultures.( )7.Althugh the ancient sea rutes f Zheng He have been travelled many times,there are still many ther places left t explre.( )【答案】6.狀語 7.定語
1.prfessin n.職業(yè);行業(yè)(P28)Henry Nrman Bethune devted his life and prfessin t helping peple withut expecting anything in return.【翻譯】亨利·諾曼·白求恩把他的一生和事業(yè)都奉獻(xiàn)給了幫助人們這件事上,不求任何回報(bào)。
by prfessin 在職業(yè)上;就職業(yè)來說prfessinal adj.職業(yè)的;專業(yè)的prfessinally adv.專業(yè)地;職業(yè)地
He is a dctr by prfessin.他的職業(yè)是醫(yī)生。Yu need a cmplete change,bth prfessinally and in persnality.你需要在專業(yè)和性格兩方面有徹底的改變。
[針對(duì)練習(xí)]單句語法填空(1)She is a lawyer ________ prfessin.(2)As a ________(prfessin) singer,she has a nice vice.【答案】(1)by (2)prfessinal?
(3)After the injury,he never played ________(prfessin) again.(4)Acting is definitely a yung persn’s _________________ (prfessinal) in many ways.【答案】(3)prfessinally (4)prfessin
2.set ff動(dòng)身,出發(fā)(P28)Using his wn mney,Zac bught a bat and set ff.【翻譯】扎克用自己的錢買了一艘船就出發(fā)了。
set ff出發(fā);動(dòng)身;使爆炸;引發(fā)set up建立;成立;豎立起來;創(chuàng)(紀(jì)錄)
set abut ding sth.著手做某事;開始做某事set sth. aside把某物放在一邊set dwn放下;寫下set ut啟程;動(dòng)身set ut t d sth.開始做某事;著手做某事
Wh set ff the fire alarm?誰拉響了火警報(bào)警器?They set up an rganisatin t help each ther.他們成立了一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)來互相幫助。
[針對(duì)練習(xí)]單句語法填空(1)The city gvernment has decided t set ________ a new hspital in the city centre.(2)Lily set abut ________(d) her hmewrk as sn as she finished her supper.(3)Mary set her bag ________ and began t d her paperwrk.【答案】(1)up (2)ding (3)aside
(4)Yu’d better set ____________ early s that yu can arrive there befre dark.(5)Mther set ut ____________(prepare) dinner as sn as she gt hme.【答案】(4)ut/ff (5)t prepare
3.mixture n.混合;結(jié)合體;混合物(P28)Reaching ut acrss the sea is ften a mixture f danger and bredm.【翻譯】跨越海洋通常是危險(xiǎn)和無聊的混合物。
(1)mixture n.混合;結(jié)合體(不可數(shù));混合物(可數(shù))a mixture f A and B 一個(gè)A和B的結(jié)合體(2)mix vt.混合mix A with B 把A同B混合起來
Add the eggs t the mixture and beat well.把雞蛋加入混合物,攪拌均勻。We listened t the news with a mixture f surprise and hrrr.我們聽到這個(gè)消息時(shí)既驚訝又恐懼。
[針對(duì)練習(xí)]單句語法填空(1)The city is ________ mixture f ld and new buildings.(2)She listened t the reprt with a ________(mix) f different feelings.(3)As we all knw,yu can’t mix water ________ il.【答案】(1)a (2)mixture (3)with
4.cverage n.新聞報(bào)道;覆蓋范圍(P28)When the jurney ended,Zac’s adventure received widespread media cverage.【翻譯】當(dāng)旅程結(jié)束時(shí),扎克的冒險(xiǎn)受到了媒體的廣泛報(bào)道。
(1)后綴為-age的名詞還有:advantage (優(yōu)點(diǎn),優(yōu)勢(shì),好處);bandage (繃帶,包帶);blckage (造成阻塞的東西,阻塞物;堵塞,阻塞);breakage (裂口);carriage(客車廂;四輪馬車);disadvantage (不利,不利地位)等。(2)cver vt.遮蓋;覆蓋;報(bào)道 n.覆蓋物;封面;掩飾frm cver t cver從頭到尾under cver隱藏著;秘密地
cver with... 用……覆蓋under separate cver在另函中take cver躲藏,隱蔽
What did yu think f the electin cverage?對(duì)這次大選報(bào)道你怎么看?The players were sn cvered in mud.那些運(yùn)動(dòng)員很快就渾身濺滿了泥。
[針對(duì)練習(xí)]完成句子(1)He kept his inventin _____________ until it was patented.在取得專利前,他的發(fā)明一直秘而不宣。(2)Nw a special TV netwrk gives ____________________ mst races.現(xiàn)在一個(gè)專門的電視網(wǎng)對(duì)絕大多數(shù)比賽進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場報(bào)道?!敬鸢浮?1)under cver (2)live cverage f
(3)I had just finished reading an ld issue f Sprts Illustrated ____________________________.我剛剛從頭到尾讀完了一期體育畫報(bào)。【答案】(3)frm cver t cver
5.a(chǎn)pplaud vt.& vi. 鼓掌 vt.稱贊;贊賞(P29)The crwd std t applaud scientists fr their imprtant cean research wrk.群眾站起來為科學(xué)家們重要的海洋研究工作鼓掌。
(1)applaud sb.fr sth.因某事為某人鼓掌(不能說applaud fr sb.)(2)applause n.歡呼;喝彩;鼓掌歡迎;掌聲
Give her a big rund f applause!為她熱烈鼓掌!Everyne applauded when the play ended.演出結(jié)束時(shí),大家都熱烈鼓掌。
[針對(duì)練習(xí)]完成句子(1)The students ________________ tw minutes.學(xué)生們鼓掌了兩分鐘?!敬鸢浮?1)applauded fr
(2)We __________________________.我們稱贊他的勇敢。(3)The audience gave the speaker _____________________.聽眾對(duì)演講者報(bào)以熱烈的掌聲。【答案】(2)applauded him fr his curage(3)a lud applause
6.except fr除……之外(P29)They seem nt t wrry abut anything,except fr the yungest,wh...【翻譯】他們似乎什么都不擔(dān)心,除了那個(gè)最小的孩子,他……
(1)except fr意為“除……之外”,用于排除非同類事物,強(qiáng)調(diào)整體上的部分細(xì)節(jié)。(2)except“除……之外”,表示從全部中排除部分,常與n,all,nne,nthing,everything,anything等連用。
Nbdy speaks except fr ne man.除了一個(gè)男人沒人說話。Except fr learning Chinese,d freign friends like Chinese culture?除了學(xué)習(xí)漢語,外國朋友們喜歡中國文化嗎?We may imagine there is nthing except yellw sand under the sea.我們會(huì)想象在海底除了黃沙外,什么都沒有。
【易混辨析】besides,except,except fr&apart frm
Besides being a painter,Da Vinci was als an architect,scientist and engineer.達(dá)·芬奇不僅是畫家,還是建筑師、科學(xué)家和工程師。In 50 years f travelling,Clin McCrqudale has visited every cuntry in the wrld,except three.在50年的旅行中,科林·麥科克代爾已經(jīng)游覽過除三個(gè)國家以外的世界其他各國。
We all had t attend mrning assembly every weekday,except fr bys f ther faiths,wh were allwed t stay in their classrms.除了有其他信仰的男孩子被允許待在教室里以外,我們所有人每個(gè)工作日都要參加晨會(huì)。We shuld als make sure that there are better ways fr yung peple t use their free time apart frm spending mney.我們還要確保,除了花錢以外,年輕人有更好的方式來打發(fā)他們的業(yè)余時(shí)間。
[針對(duì)練習(xí)]選用besides,apart frm或except (fr)填空(1)The night passed peacefully ________________ traffic nise.(2)This text is well written ________________ sme spelling mistakes.【答案】(1)except fr (2)except fr
(3)Mike can als speak Russian and French,______ English.(4)Yu can’t cme t visit me ________ that I am free frm wrk.(5)Quite __________________ all the wrk,he had financial prblems.【答案】(3)besides (4)except (5)apart frm
(P28)Henry Nrman Bethune devted his life and prfessin t helping peple withut expecting anything in return.亨利·諾曼·白求恩把他的一生和事業(yè)都奉獻(xiàn)給了幫助人們這件事上,不求任何回報(bào)?!揪涫狡饰觥勘揪渲械摹癲evted his life and prfessin t helping peple”意為“把他的一生和事業(yè)都奉獻(xiàn)給了幫助人們這件事上”。
【歸納拓展】(1)devte vt.把(時(shí)間、精力等)獻(xiàn)給……;致力(2)devte neself/ne’s life/time/energy t sth./ding sth.把某人的生命/時(shí)間/精力投入到……;某人專心致力于……(3)devted adj.疼愛的;忠實(shí)的be devted t獻(xiàn)身于;專心致志于(t是介詞,后接名詞或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式,不接動(dòng)詞原形)(4)devtin n.深愛;忠誠;奉獻(xiàn);獻(xiàn)身
She devted herself t the cause f educatin.她獻(xiàn)身于教育事業(yè)。Her devtin t the jb left her with very little free time.她對(duì)工作的投入使她幾乎沒有空閑時(shí)間。
[針對(duì)練習(xí)]單句語法填空(1)She devtes all her time and energy ________ her scientific research.(2)She is cmpletely fully ________(devte) t her prfessin.【答案】(1)t (2)devted
(3)Her ________(devte) t her jb is knwn t all in the cmpany.(4)She devtes all f her life t ________(prmte) the life f the lcal peple.【答案】(3)devtin (4)prmting
【例句觀察】1.T make friends with them is very helpful.2.T learn English well is very imprtant fr schl students.3.T learn English well,yu have t practice mre.4.What I want t d is t see the scientist with my wn eyes.5.Jhn asked me t lend him sme mney.
【我的領(lǐng)悟】1.句1、句2中兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)在句中作______。2.句3中,動(dòng)詞不定式短語在句中作________,表示目的。它是由句子中的________發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。3.句4中,不定式短語在句中作________。這時(shí),這個(gè)不定式用來________.
4.句5中,不定式短語在句中作________,表示賓語發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。Keys:1.主語 2.狀語;主語3.表語;解釋主語的內(nèi)容 4.賓語補(bǔ)足語
□動(dòng)詞不定式(The Infinitive)
一、作主語不定式短語作主語時(shí),可以直接放在句首,但在很多情況下,尤其是在疑問句和感嘆句中,往往放在謂語之后,而用先行代詞it作形式主語。T get up very early is beneficial t yur health.
注意不定式作主語常見句型:1.It is+adj.(easy,necessary,imprtant,difficult...)+不定式.2.It is+n.(a pity,a pleasure,ne’s duty,a shame...)+不定式.3.It takes/needs/requires+sme time (hurs,mnths,days,patience...)+不定式.
It is difficult t keep up a friendship.It is a pity t waste s much mney.It is just like yu t be always ready t help a friend.It tk them tw hurs t finish the wrk.
二、作表語當(dāng)句子的主語是aim,idea,plicy,questin,suggestin,wish,task,duty,jb,purpse等或者主語是what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí),后面可以用不定式作表語,用以說明主語所包含內(nèi)容。Her task is t set the table.注意:作表語的不定式都帶t,但當(dāng)主語部分有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞d時(shí),t可以省略。In the evening the nly thing he did was read the newspaper.
三、作賓語1.可以直接用不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞很多,常見的有:agree,affrd,tend,ask,decide,determine,expect,fail,hpe,learn,intend,manage,ffer,plan,prmise,refuse,want,wish等。I can’t affrd t buy such an expensive car.
注意:當(dāng)不定式短語比賓語補(bǔ)足語長時(shí),往往將不定式放到賓語補(bǔ)足語后,用代詞it作形式賓語,常用動(dòng)詞有:feel,think,make,find,believe,cnsider等。I think it necessary fr me t learn English well.I have lng had it in mind t answer yur email.
2.不定式一般不作介詞的賓語,但不定式之前如有疑問詞時(shí),就可作介詞的賓語。此外,少數(shù)介詞如but,except等后面可以跟不定式作賓語。一般情況下,作介詞賓語的不定式都帶t,如果but或except所在句子里的謂語動(dòng)詞都是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞d,des,did時(shí),通常省略t。Prfessr Wang gave sme advice n hw t learn a freign language.
四、 作賓語補(bǔ)足語在SVOC句型中,許多動(dòng)詞都可以接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。1.通常作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式要帶t,常用于以下動(dòng)詞之后:ask,tell,advise,allw,enable,expect,frce,get,like,rder,teach,want,invite,wish,beg等。He desn’t really expect her t pass the exam.
注意:在謂語動(dòng)詞believe,find,think,feel,cnsider,suppse,imagine,prve等后面跟t be...作賓語補(bǔ)足語,不跟t d...。We all suppsed him t be German,but in fact he was Swiss.
2.以下兩類動(dòng)詞后跟不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)不能帶t:(1)一些表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞,如:let,have,make等。They made the by g t bed early.(2)一些表示感覺的動(dòng)詞,如:hear,feel,see,watch,ntice等。We felt the huse shake.
注意:當(dāng)這兩類動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),不定式就成了主語補(bǔ)足語。作主語補(bǔ)足語的不定式必須加上t。His father made him g t bed early.→He was made t g t bed early by his father.
五、作定語不定式可以在句子中充當(dāng)后置定語,修飾名詞。以下幾類情況常用不定式作定語:1.能帶不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞,其同源名詞可以帶不定式作定語。常見的有attempt,decisin,prmise,plan等。2.常與不定式搭配的形容詞,其同源名詞一般可以用不定式作定語。常見的有ability,determinatin,anxiety,eagerness等。
3.序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或被nly,last,next等修飾的名詞可以用不定式作定語:注意:不定式在作定語時(shí),有時(shí)與被修飾的名詞有意義上的主謂關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,如果該不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞,它后面需要加上適當(dāng)介詞。Miss White is always the first t cme and the last t leave in her schl.
六、作狀語不定式可以作狀語,表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件等。1.t...,in rder t...,s as t...(不能放在句首)作目的狀語。2.在 t, t,nly t...結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式作結(jié)果狀語,其中nly t...用于表示意想不到的結(jié)果。
3.enugh t,結(jié)構(gòu)。4.“形容詞(happy,glad,lucky,frtunate,surprised,angry,anxius,ready,quick,slw,cruel,clever等)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。
【拓展】不定式的各種形式及含義:
Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.We had hped ________(catch) the early bus,but it had left befre we gt there.2.We are expecting thirty r s peple ________ (cme).3.The car accident is reprted ________ (kill) tw passers-by.【答案】1.t catch 2.t cme 3.t have killed
4.Have yu checked all the machines ____________(send) t Tibet next mnth?5.—D yu have anything ___________(take) t yur sister?—Nthing.Thank yu just the same.6.I’m really t busy nw. I’ve gt a mund f paperwrk ________ (d).【答案】4.t be sent 5.t be taken 6.t d
7.The teacher had us ________ (hand) in ur hmewrk n time.8.I wuld rather have Mike,wh yu saw last week,________(d) the experiment with me next week.9.Fr nearly three hurs we waited fr the decisin,nly ____________(tell) t cme again the next day.10.What is the way Smith thught f ____________(get) enugh mney t buy the new huse?【答案】7.hand 8.d 9.t be tld 10.t get
Ⅱ.完成句子1.______________________________ (說實(shí)話),I knw nthing abut the prject.2.The city is preparing _____________ (主辦) the Olympics.3.We dn’t allw ________________ (任何人在這里吸煙).【答案】1.T tell the truth 2.t hst3.a(chǎn)nyne t smke here
4.It’s such fine weather tday.Therefre,I expect the weather ____________________________ (明天是晴天).5.I’m srry I can’t help ________________________ (打掃教室) because I have t d smething else.6.The yung man is always stealing in the neighburhd,s we all wish him _________________ (被抓起來) by the plice.【答案】4.t be fine tmrrw5.t clean the classrm 6.t be caught
7.The teacher tld the by __________________ (不要花費(fèi)) t much time playing ftball.8.What she did at that time was ____________________ (站著哭) by the rad.【答案】7.nt t spend 8.stand and cry
9.The mther wanted her sn _______________________ (做手術(shù)) immediately.10.The children were warned ______________________ (不要踢足球) n the streets.【答案】9.t be perated n 10.nt t play ftball
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1.When he was yung,Mr Smith tk an active part in ________(政治活動(dòng)).2.Last year,Hewitt was kncked ut f the ________(錦標(biāo)賽) in the third rund.3.The prfessr shk the ________(混合物) and dipped a finger int it.【答案】1.plitics 2.turnament 3.mixture
4.The ______(筆記本電腦) cst him three thusand dllars.5.There is much ________(新聞報(bào)道) abut this event in different media.6.All the audience ________(鼓掌) the speaker ludly after he finished his speech.7.The lcal peple were heavily ______(征稅) fr what they sld.【答案】4.laptp 5.cverage 6.a(chǎn)pplauded 7.taxed
8.The ________(載人的) spaceship circled the earth fur times.9.A few dedicated dctrs have fught fr years t enlighten the ________(職業(yè)).10.A Russian space ________(太空艙) is currently rbiting the earth.【答案】8.manned 9.prfessin 10.capsule
Ⅱ.短語填空be related t,reach an agreement,in a league f ne’s wn,be devted t,set ff,press cnference,nthing except,be brn int,except fr,cme true1.Only by wrking hard will yur dream ________________ in the future.2.They gt up early and __________ after a simple breakfast.【答案】1.cme true 2.set ff
3.Mike is still a gd student ___________ his being late fr schl at times.4.The ld man has _______________ the cause f educatin all his life.5.The yung lady ______________ a wealthy family and has received a gd educatin.【答案】3.except fr 4.been devted t 5.was brn int
6.There is _________________ sme secnd-hand furniture in the rm,which shws the simple life f its wner.7.The tw sides didn’t ________________ at the meeting until late int the night.8.She is an incredible athlete,truly __________________.【答案】6.nthing except 7.reach an agreement8.in a league f her wn
9.The plice fund that Mr Li ____________________ the accident which tk place last week.10.An imprtant annuncement will be declared at the ______________________ this afternn.【答案】9.is related t 10.press cnference
Ⅲ.課文原句填空1._____________ is ften a mixture f danger and bredm.跨越海洋通常是危險(xiǎn)和無聊的混合物。2.When the jurney ended,Zac’s adventure received ________________________.當(dāng)旅程結(jié)束時(shí),扎克的冒險(xiǎn)受到了媒體的廣泛報(bào)道?!敬鸢浮?.Reaching ut acrss the sea2.widespread media cverage
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