專題11 閱讀理解之社會文化類-2022年高考英語畢業(yè)班二輪熱點題型歸納與變式演練（全國通用）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

? 閱讀理解之社會文化類-2022年高考英語畢業(yè)班二輪熱點題型歸納
與變式演練（全國通用）
目錄
一、熱點題型歸納
【題型一】文章主旨和標(biāo)題
【題型二】詞義猜測
【題型三】作者的觀點態(tài)度
【題型四】細(xì)節(jié)理解
二、最新模考題組練

“社會文化類” 閱讀經(jīng)常在高考題中出現(xiàn)，例如2021年新高考I卷的C篇，2020年全國I卷的B篇和C篇，2018年全國II卷中的B篇和D篇，2018年天津卷的A篇和D篇，2018年浙江卷的B篇和C篇。
社會文化類文章的考察點包括東西方文化交流，文化習(xí)俗，宗教信仰等方面。社會文化類文章一般會在首段透露出文章的中心思想，所以要重讀首段。

【典例分析】
【2021年新高考 I 卷-C篇】
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 遷徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934 better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。本文講述了美國鴨票的故事，由于美國移民的大量流入，對于農(nóng)地和住房的急需大量的水禽棲息地被破壞導(dǎo)致美國水禽驟減，因此美國發(fā)行了鴨票，狩獵者只有購買了鴨票才能狩獵，而鴨票的部分收入進(jìn)入到了用于購買水禽棲息地的基金，從而保護了水禽。
【28題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上百萬公頃的濕地被抽干用作農(nóng)地或者修建住房，極大地減少了水禽的棲息地，故可知，棲息地的減少導(dǎo)致了水禽數(shù)量的下降，故選A。
【29題詳解】
詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把這些珍貴的自然資源保護的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句與上一句形成了轉(zhuǎn)折，前一句陳述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句闡述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破壞了這些自然資源，故畫線詞意思是“破壞”。A. Acquire獲得；B. Export出口；C. Destroy破壞；D. Distribute分配。故選C。
【30題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超過5億美元進(jìn)入到了這個基金會，購買了超過500萬公頃的水禽棲息地，故可以推出，通過發(fā)行鴨票，美國政府獲得了大量的資金，故選D。
【31題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可知，由于之前不恰當(dāng)?shù)陌l(fā)展導(dǎo)致美國水禽驟減，因此美國發(fā)行了鴨票，狩獵者只有購買了鴨票才能狩獵，而鴨票的部分收入進(jìn)入到了用于購買水禽棲息地的基金，從而保護了水禽，故可知，本文講述美國鴨票的故事，故選A。
【2020全國卷I-B篇】
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (隨筆) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24. Why does the author like rereading?
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B. It’s a window to a whole new world.
C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding of oneself.
25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?
A. It’s a brief account of a trip.
B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C. It’s a record of a historic event.
D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Debt B. Reward. C. Allowance. D. Face value.
27. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He loves poetry. B. He’s an editor.
C. He’s very ambitious. D. He teaches reading.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. B 27. A
【解析】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了重新閱讀的意義和益處并向讀者介紹了作者每年重讀的三本書。作者鼓勵讀者去重新閱讀書籍。
【24題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但是書沒變，人變了。那就是使重新閱讀行為如此豐富和富于變化之處)”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新閱讀的美妙之處在于我們與作品的聯(lián)系是基于我們現(xiàn)在的心理狀態(tài)。真的，我年紀(jì)越大，就越覺得時光飛逝。)”可推知，作者喜歡重新閱讀是因為重新閱讀可以擴展對自己的理解。故選D項。
【25題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，這本書出版于1964年，這是他關(guān)于20世紀(jì)20年代在巴黎的經(jīng)典回憶錄，是他老年時對那些野心勃勃卻更簡單的日子的回顧。由此可判斷出A Movable Feast是關(guān)于海明威年輕時的生活。故選B項。
【26題詳解】
詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(雖然金錢確實是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，根據(jù)上下文的語境可推知，“rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意為“但是但重新閱讀作品是讀者能支付給他們的最高回報”，由此判斷出劃線詞的意思是“回報”。故選B項。
【27題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: selected poems, because poetry.(第三本書是胡里奧·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 詩歌精選》，因為詩歌)”可知，作者是由于喜歡詩歌而喜歡這本書。故選A項。
【2020全國卷I-C篇】
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接觸) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?
A. They must run long distances.
B. They are qualified for the marathon.
C. They have to follow special rules.
D. They are good at swinging their legs.
29. What advantage does race walking have over running?
A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s more effective in body building.
D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ opinions.
B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced coach.
D. Doing regular exercises.
31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective.
C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B
【解析】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了競走相比跑步有諸多的優(yōu)勢，但是之前受過傷的人，要想從事這樣運動要謹(jǐn)慎，最好咨詢專家的建議。
【28題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”可知，但這項運動的規(guī)則要求競走者的膝蓋在擺動腿的大部分時間保持伸直，一只腳始終與地面接觸。由此可知，競走運動員是需要具備某些條件的運動員是因為運動員需要遵守特殊的規(guī)則。故選C項。
【29題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.”可知，一些與跑步有關(guān)的損傷，比如跑步者的膝蓋，在競走者中并不常見。由此可知，競走與跑步相比的優(yōu)勢是不太可能導(dǎo)致膝蓋受傷。故選D項。
【30題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Dr. Norberg說的話“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique(事實上，任何想嘗試競走的人都應(yīng)該首先咨詢教練或有經(jīng)驗的競走運動員，學(xué)習(xí)適當(dāng)?shù)募记伞?”可知，Dr. Norberg建議想嘗試競走的人征詢專家的建議。故選A項。
【31題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”可知，研究表明，競走和跑步一樣有很多健身益處，而且它還很少導(dǎo)致受傷。不過，它也有自己的問題。由此判斷出作者對于競走的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B項。
【2020年高考全國卷III-C篇】
With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤獨), more families are choosing to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol - one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”
And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”
It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001to 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married.
28. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?
A. Nick. B. Rita. C. Kathryn D. The daughters.
29. What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law?
A. Positive. B. Carefree. C. Tolerant. D. Unwilling.
30. What is the author’s statement about multigenerational family based on?
A. Family traditions. B. Financial reports. C. Published statistics. D. Public opinions.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. Lifestyles in different countries. B. Conflicts between generations.
C. A housing problem in Britain. D. A rising trend of living in the UK.
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. C 31. D
【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。短文報道了在英國，由于年輕人負(fù)擔(dān)不起離家的費用，而老年人又面臨著被孤立的風(fēng)險，越來越多的家庭選擇住在一起，出現(xiàn)了多世同堂的現(xiàn)象。
【28題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.”可知，但Rita在一樓有自己廚房、浴室、臥室和客廳。由此可知，Rita 在布里斯托爾的維多利亞式住宅中使用一樓。故選B項。
【29題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“從我的角度來看，一切都很順利。我推薦它嗎?是的，我想我會推薦在一起居住的?！庇纱伺袛喑?，尼克對和和岳母合住房子的態(tài)度是積極的。故選A項。
【30題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“ Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.”官方報告顯示，三代同堂的家庭數(shù)量從2002年的32.5萬戶增加到2013年的41.9萬戶。根據(jù)第七段“It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.”可知，據(jù)說，25-34歲的年輕人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年這一比例為16%。據(jù)估計，英國多代同堂的家庭總數(shù)約為180萬。由此可知，作者關(guān)于多世同堂家庭的論述基于發(fā)布的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)。故選C項。
【31題詳解】
主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第一段“With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤獨), more families are choosing to live together.”可知，由于年輕人負(fù)擔(dān)不起離家的費用，而老年人又面臨著被孤立的風(fēng)險，越來越多的家庭選擇住在一起。所以短文主要是關(guān)于英國生活方式的一種上升趨勢。故選D項。
【2019年高考全國新課標(biāo)I卷-B篇】
Ever happened to have a stranger looking at you with eyes full of anger out of the blue?
It was painful and confusing, but sure a great lesson. First thing that passed through my mind was that it must be a misunderstanding, such a look was not meant for me, but later I saw the old lady’s face changing every time she saw me, at least seven times, no more doubt that she was very angry with me.
I was confused, shocked, and near anger, my brains were spinning, trying to figure out how’s and why’s but somehow managed to not show it on my face. Went home, slept a night over it and decided that I have to find a way to make peace with this lady.
The very next day I bought some nice chocolate praying to see her again and when I caught sight of her, went straight to her and apologized telling her “I am so very sorry if I angered you, I had no such intention, please accept my apologizes”, and handled her the chocolate. Surprised, she told me not to mind her, and apologized too. It was an awkward moment, but we made peace and the embarrassment is replaced by smiles now.
I am very grateful for this experience, it shows me I still have plenty of work to do with my mind, I learned how it is not easy to take knowledge of, accept and forgive acts that we may feel as unfair, and it taught me of possibilities about fixing a conflict. Best advice to keep for myself?
Do not react, do not be quick to judge, sleep it over, and throw in a pinch of empathy for self as well as others.
24. The underlined phrase “out of the blue” in paragraph 1 probably means __________.
A. unexpectedly B. curiously C. sadly D. gently
25. The author bought some chocolate for the lady in order to_________.
A. see her again B. apologize to her C. give her a surprise D. break the ice with her
26.Why was the old lady angry，according to the author?
A. She probably misunderstood the author.
B. The author was rude to her before.
C. She didn’t want to see the author.
D. They had a quarrel with each other before.
27.What is the best title for the passage?
A. An unforgettable experience. B. Fixing a conflict.
C. Smiling can make a difference. D. Making peace.
【答案】BBCB
【解析】本文是一篇英美文化類說明文。如果你上網(wǎng)看，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎每年的每一天都在慶祝某種食物。這些食物節(jié)日給人們享用美食的機會，也給餐館和其他企業(yè)一個促銷產(chǎn)品的機會。但是，這些獨特的美國“節(jié)日”從何而來呢?
28. B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容及.Food holidays also give restaurants and other businesses a chance to promote their products.一句可以推知B項正確。
29. B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段National Beer Day on April 7 marks the end of a U.S. ban on the production, transport, import and sale of alcoholic drinks. The ban lasted from 1920 until 1933. 兩句可知禁酒令從1920年持續(xù)到1933年。全國啤酒日標(biāo)志著禁令的結(jié)束，因此可以推知答案為B.
30. C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章全文內(nèi)容，文中提到的節(jié)日有：National Onion Ring Day，National Oreo Cookie Day，National Tater Tot Day，National Beer Day，U.S. National Doughnut Day .共五個。注意：The National Day Calendar不是節(jié)日名稱，該題學(xué)生容易選成六個。
31. B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段Because there’s a lot of negativity out there, why not choose to celebrate food instead?” 一句可知B項正確。
【2018年高考天津卷A篇】
Fire Prevention Information
The University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(噴水滅火裝置）systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers (滅火器). They also provide educational programs or fire safety in the residence hall. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
Fire Alarms
The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手動的）fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with(胡亂擺弄）these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.
Fire Drills
A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following:
·Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.
·Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift.
·Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.
Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.
Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.
Smoke Detector
A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector:
·If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking（閃動），contact residence hall staff immediately.
·Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.
·If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.
36. What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?
A. To provide part-time jobs for students.
B. To lead the students to the nearest exits.
C. To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.
D. To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.
37. What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?
A. Pipes and smoke detectors.
B. Smoke detectors and sprinklers.
C. Fire alarm pull stations and pipes.
D. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations
38. In a fire drill, the students should ________.
A. rush quickly to a lift
B. gather at the nearest exit.
C. shut the door and leave at once
D. wait for instructions in the hall
39. What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?
A. Using them wrongly results in punishment.
B. Irresponsible use of them can damage them.
C. Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.
D. Using them without a trainer present is forbidden.
40. To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should_________.
A. contact the hall staff regularly
B. cover the things that burn easily
C. start the smoke detector in a fire
D. make certain the red light is working
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. D
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要從火警、消防訓(xùn)練、滅火器和煙霧探測器的使用等方面介紹了一些防火信息。
36. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(噴水滅火裝置）systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers (滅火器).可知，專職消防人員主要職責(zé)是檢查、測試和維護所有的校園建筑物防火裝備。故選C。
37. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Fire Alarms中的句子Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.可知，火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng)由熱探測器、煙霧探測器和噴頭組成。故選B。
38. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Fire Drills中的句子Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.和Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift.可知，在消防演習(xí)中，學(xué)生鎖好門并立即從最近的緊急出口離開。故選C。
39. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Fire Extinguishers中的句子Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.可知，誤用滅火器會導(dǎo)致罰款。故選A。
40. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Smoke Detector中的句子If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking（閃動），contact residence hall staff immediately.可知，煙霧探測器是否安全運行，看紅燈是否閃動。故選D。
【2018年高考天津卷-D篇】
Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering these questions.
Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb(麻木的）to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.
The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they’d felt cold water at first.
Another block to awareness is the obsession(癡迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crowned kinglet" and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.
The pressures of "time" and "destination" are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them. I asked them what they’d seen. "Oh, a few birds," they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.
Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.
51. According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more ____________.
A. anxious to do wonders
B. sensitive to others’ feelings
C. likely to develop unpleasant habits
D. eager to explore the world around them
52. What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?
A. To avoid jumping to conclusions.
B. To stop complaining all the time.
C. To follow the teacher’s advice.
D. To admit mistakes honestly.
53. The bird watchers’ behavior shows that they __________.
A. are very patient in their observation
B. are really fascinated by nature
C. care only about the names of birds
D. question the accuracy of the field guides
54. Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?
A. The natural beauty isn’t attractive to them.
B. They focus on arriving at the camp in time.
C. The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.
D. They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.
55. In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should __________.
A. fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world
B. get rid of some bad habits in our daily life
C. open our mind to new things and ideas
D. try our best to protect nature
【答案】51. D 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. A
【解析】本文是一篇散文。我們有多久沒有仔細(xì)觀察我們周圍的世界了。作者通過此文要告訴我們：放慢腳步，帶著我們所有的感官來感受周圍世界的奇妙。
51. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults.可知，與成人相比較，孩子觀察得更多，從而可以推斷出孩子更急于探索他們周圍的世界。故選D。
52. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段作者敘述在一個寒冷的夜晚，作者和學(xué)生徒步旅行穿過一條小溪的時候，學(xué)生們抱怨水太冷而不愿往前走，結(jié)果事實上那是一個溫泉。作者舉這樣一個事例是為了向讀者傳遞這樣的觀念：避免過早下結(jié)論。故選A。
53. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段全段及首句Another block to awareness is the obsession(癡迷) many of us have with naming things.可知，鳥觀察者發(fā)現(xiàn)鳥后只關(guān)心鳥的名字，并不關(guān)心它在做什么。故選C。
54. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them.可知，徒步旅行者只關(guān)心能夠及時到達(dá)目的地，而很少關(guān)心周圍的事物。故選B。
55. 推理判斷題。文章作者想要通過此文要告訴我們：大自然只展現(xiàn)給那些善于觀察和等待的人，帶著我們所有的感官來感受周圍世界的奇妙。
【2018年浙江高考英語卷-B篇】
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of?Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收銀臺) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like?Stein?to?make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers?to?purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy?to?produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly?to?look at, they represent a small percentage of all?garbage?on the ground today
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy?to?make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don't dispute（質(zhì)疑） these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers?to?use the same reusable bags for years.
24. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?
A. Help increase grocery sales.
B. Recycle the waste material.
C. Stop things falling off trucks.
D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.
25. What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Bans on plastic bags.
B. Effects of city development.
C. Headaches caused by garbage.
D. Plastic bags hung in trees.
26. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?
A. They are quite expensive.
B. Replacing them can be difficult.
C. They are less strong than plastic bags.
D. Producing them requires more energy.
27. What is the best title for the text?
A. Plastic, Paper or Neither
B. Industry, Pollution and Environment
C. Recycle or Throw Away
D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. D 27. A
【解析】文章分析了幾種購物袋的使用情況，塑料袋造成了環(huán)境問題，盡管紙袋容易回收，但生產(chǎn)和運輸需要更多的能源，希望消費者使用耐用可重復(fù)使用的袋子。
24. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段one of?Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.和第二段plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like?Stein?to?make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.可知塑料袋生產(chǎn)商雇用Steven Stein是為了證明他們的產(chǎn)品并不像大多數(shù)人想象的那樣對地球有害，是對塑料袋被禁用的解釋和爭論。故選D。
25. 詞義猜測題。上文介紹在許多美國大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到這種現(xiàn)狀，塑料袋生產(chǎn)商雇用Steven Stein等科學(xué)家是為了證明他們的產(chǎn)品并不像大多數(shù)人想象的那樣對地球有害。headwinds“逆風(fēng)”，此處指塑料袋被禁用的現(xiàn)狀，即Bans on plastic bags，故選A。
26. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy?to?make.可知塑料袋生產(chǎn)商認(rèn)為生產(chǎn)耐用且能重復(fù)使用的袋子需要更多的能量，故選D。
27. 標(biāo)題歸納題。文章講述了使用塑料袋造成的環(huán)境問題，紙袋容易回收，但生產(chǎn)和運輸需要更多的能源，希望消費者使用耐用可重復(fù)使用的袋子。對這三種方式進(jìn)行了對比，Plastic, Paper or Neither既能概括全文，又能吸引讀者，最適合作為標(biāo)題。故選A。
【2018年浙江高考英語卷-C篇】
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（裝配線） on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.
Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
The problems of excessive（過度的）energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.
Friedman points out that the green economy（經(jīng)濟）is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”
28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.
B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D. To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system.
29. What has the use of cars in America led to?
A. Decline of economy. B. Environmental problems.
C. A shortage of oil supply. D. A farm-based society.
30. What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?
A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful. D. Tolera
【答案】28. B 29. B 30. C
【解析】文章講述了汽車在美國經(jīng)濟和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽車帶來的環(huán)境問題。
28. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.可知現(xiàn)代美國誕生于公路和汽車，汽車塑造了美國文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger就是汽車塑造的美國文化的一個方面。用這個例子是在說明汽車對美國文化的影響，故選B。
29. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.可知美國汽車的迅速發(fā)展，導(dǎo)致生態(tài)災(zāi)難。故選B。
30. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的He fears the worst, but hopes for the best. 和最后一段中的Friedman points out that the green economy（經(jīng)濟）is a chance to keep American strength.可見Friedman雖然對未來擔(dān)心，但抱有最好的希望，他指出了發(fā)展綠色積極的想法?？梢奆riedman對未來是充滿希望的，故選C。
【2019年全國卷II-C篇】
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,” she said.
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It’s a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?
A. Food variety.
B. Eating habits.
C. Table manners.
D. Restaurant service.
29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?
A. To meet with her coworkers.
B. To catch up with her work.
C. To have some time on her own.
D. To collect data for her report.
30. What do we know about Mazoleny?
A. He makes videos for the bar.
B. He’s fond of the food at the bar.
C. He interviews customers at the bar.
D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. The trend of having meals alone.
B. The importance of self-reflection.
C. The stress from working overtime.
D. The advantage of wireless technology.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. D 31. A
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。據(jù)一份報告顯示，越來越多的美國人喜歡獨自用餐，并通過兩個實例加以說明，文章總結(jié)了人們喜歡獨自用餐的原因。
【28題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知，在美國，約有46%的人們獨自用餐，53%的人們獨自吃早餐，46%的人們獨自吃午餐，只有74%的人們晚餐不是獨自享用，故可知本段的數(shù)據(jù)是關(guān)于用餐習(xí)慣，故選B。
【29題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. Today, I just wanted some time to myself.可知，Bechtel一個人吃午飯可以讓她逃離老板的關(guān)注，給自己留一些自由時間，故選C。
【30題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段he likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.可知，Mazoleny喜歡這樣的氣氛，因為可以坐在那里安靜查看手機信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧臺服務(wù)員名字和他聊天，故可知，他與服務(wù)員很熟悉，可以直呼對方名字，故選D。
【31題詳解】
主旨大意題。本文通過一份調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示美國人喜歡獨自用餐的趨勢，并總結(jié)了人們選擇獨自用餐的原因，故選A。
【2019年全國卷II-D篇】
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution(解決方案). “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.
“There are no tests” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than ‘Are you working towards your goal?’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and...it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影響) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
32. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?
A. They are hard to get rid of. B. They lead to air pollution.
C. They appear in different forms. D. They damage the instruments.
33. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?
A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships.
B. To sharpen students’ communication skills.
C. To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D. To link space technology with school education.
34. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?
A. Check their product. B. Guide project designs.
C. Adjust work schedules. D. Grade their homework.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts
B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier
C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom
D. HUNCH: A College Admission Reform
【答案】32. A 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】本文為說明文。本文介紹了美國國家航空航天局的HUNCH計劃。參與這個計劃的高中生制作供美國國家航空航天局使用的產(chǎn)品，此計劃的目的是把航天技術(shù)與學(xué)校教育結(jié)合起來，把空間技術(shù)與帶進(jìn)課堂，與學(xué)校教育相結(jié)合，這項計劃實施結(jié)果顯示會影響到學(xué)生的生活和大學(xué)錄取。
【32題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Bacteria are annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms form our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.可知，細(xì)菌對宇航員來說是個令人討厭的問題。這種來自我們身體的微生物在國際空間站的表面不受控制地生長，宇航員每周要花幾個小時來清理它們。也就是說它們很難去掉。其中的“the microorganisms”包括“bacteria”。由此可知， A項正確。
【33題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution(解決方案).可知，HUNCH旨在把高中教室和NASA的工程師聯(lián)系起來。Gordon的學(xué)生一直在研究如何在零重力下殺死細(xì)菌；結(jié)合最后一段中的Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.可知，學(xué)生每天都給NASA的工程師發(fā)郵件一起探討（如何殺死空間站的細(xì)菌這一空間技術(shù)）這個問題。由此可推斷出HUNCH program的目的把空間技術(shù)與學(xué)校教育相結(jié)合。故D項正確。
【34題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and...it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.”可知，NASA的工程師會親自審核學(xué)生們所做的產(chǎn)品。故A項正確。
【35題詳解】
主旨大意題。文章以國際空間站里的微生物很難清除開頭，引出宇航員們解決此問題的途徑——借助美國國家航空航天局的HUNCH高中班，此計劃的目的是把航天技術(shù)與學(xué)校教育結(jié)合起來。在這項計劃里，學(xué)生們通過homework（制作供美國國家航空航天局使用的產(chǎn)品）探索無疆的太空，因此“太空：最后的功課疆域”最適合做文章的標(biāo)題。故選B。
【2019·全國卷III】
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
“It’s no secret that China has always been a source(來源) of inspiration for designers,” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(時尚) shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美學(xué)) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
“China is impossible to overlook,” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales,” adds Hill.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers,” she says. “China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China—its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”
1．What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?
A．It promoted the sales of artworks. B．It attracted a large number of visitors.
C．It showed ancient Chinese clothes. D．It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
2．What does Hill say about Chinese women?
A．They are setting the fashion. B．They start many fashion campaigns.
C．They admire super models. D．They do business all over the world.
3．What do the underlined words “taking on” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．learning from B．looking down on C．working with D．competing against
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
B．A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
C．Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D．Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D
【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章論述了中國文化及中國美學(xué)對國際時尚界的影響。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.可知，此次展覽吸引的參觀者人數(shù)創(chuàng)下了記錄，顯示出人們對中國影響的濃厚興趣。故選B。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中Hill所說的話“Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement.”（中國模特是向世界各地的女性推銷夢想的美麗和時尚運動的面孔，這意味著中國女性不僅僅是時尚的消費者——她們是這場運動的核心。）可知，Hill說中國女性正在引領(lǐng)新時尚，故選A。
3．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文and beating them hands down in design and sales說在設(shè)計和銷售上擊敗他們，由此推斷出上文Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Mare Jacobs的意思是Vera Wang、Alexander Wang和Jason Wu正在與Galliano、Albaz和 Mare Jacobs競爭。taking on意思是“競爭”，故選D。
4．主旨大意題。本文通過Amanda Hill的評論，論述了中國文化、中國藝術(shù)、中國設(shè)計師等等在國際時尚中發(fā)揮著非常重要的作用。因此，“中國文化刺激著國際時尚的發(fā)展和潮流”最能概括文章大意。故選D。

第一篇：
While small may be beautiful, tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems, particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants.
The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB), which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants. Beds that are too small，shower heads that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg??room all make life difficult for those of above average height, it says.
But it is not just the extra??tall whose needs are not being met. The average height of the population has been increasing yet the standard size of beds, doorways, and chairs has remained unchanged.
“The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it, so even a king??size bed at 6′6″ (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men, while the standard 6′3″ bed caters for less than half of the male population，” said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy，“Seven??foot beds would work fine.”
Similarly, restaurant tables can cause no end of problems. Small tables, which mean the long??legged have to sit a foot or so away from them, are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere.
Some have already taken note, however. At Queens Moat Houses' Caledonian Hotel in Edinburgh, 6′6″ beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors，particularly Americans.
1．What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign?
A．To provide better services.
B．To rebuild hotels and restaurants.
C．To draw public attention to the needs of the tall.
D．To attract more people to become its members.
2．Which of the following might be a bed of proper length according to Phil Heinricy?
A．7′2″ B．7′ C．6′6″ D．6′3″
3．What may happen to restaurants with small tables?
A．They may lose some customers.
B．They may start businesses elsewhere.
C．They have to find easy chairs to match the tables.
D．They have to provide enough space for the long??legged.
4．What change has already been made in a hotel in Edinburgh?
A. Tall people pay more for larger beds.
B．6′6″ beds have taken the place of 6′3″ beds.
C．Special rooms are kept for Americans.
【答案】CBAB
【解析】
1.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句話可知，這次活動的目的是引起公眾對高個子的人的需要的關(guān)注。
2.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句中的“Seven??foot beds would work fine.”可知，床鋪的合適長度是7英尺。
3.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段可知，餐桌太小會使高個子的人們到別的地方去(吃飯)，也就是說，餐桌太小的飯店會失去一些客人。
4.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，愛丁堡的一家賓館已經(jīng)使用6英尺6英寸的床鋪作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)床鋪，故選B項。

第二篇：
Since 1984, Philadelphia has been cleaning up its act. One by one, graffiti??covered walls are being changed into outdoor art. So far, more than 1,800 murals (壁畫) have been painted.Philadelphia now has more murals than any other American city.
The walls that were once ugly with graffiti (涂鴉) are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art, thanks to the Mural Arts Program (MAP). Its work makes schools and public places attractive, and its citizens very proud. The program began as part of Philadelphia's Anti??Graffiti Network. Jane Golden is the MAP's artistic director. “When people ask me what our program is about，” she says, “I answer them with one word: hope”. Each year, the MAP offers youth art programs and workshops. Some one??time graffiti writers even help paint MAP murals.
The MAP's work, says Golden, is all about developing a sense of community (社區(qū)). When a neighborhood requests a mural, the MAP works with the people there to develop a message. Some messages have been “Safe Streets”， “Love and Care”， and “Peace Walk”．
The MAP receives up to 50 requests for murals each week. Last year, the workers painted 140 murals.
“The making of a mural enters people's collective memory as an extraordinary, pleasant moment in neighborhood history.” says Golden, who began as a muralist in Los Angeles.
　　1．What can be the best title for the text?
　　A．Love, from Graffiti Writers to Muralists
　　B．MAP, a New Company in Philadelphia
　　C．Jane, an Excellent Mural Artist
　　D．Hope, One Wall at a Time
　　2．What is the Mural Arts Program in Philadelphia aimed at?
　　A．Helping the young find jobs.
　　B．Protecting the neighborhood.
　　C．Fighting against graffiti.
　　D．Attracting more visitors.
　　3．How does the MAP decide on the message for a mural?
　　A．By having discussions with people in the community.
　　B．By seeking advice from the city government.
　　C．By learning from the young graffiti writers.
　　D．By studying the history of the city.
　　4．Which of the following words best describes the work of the MAP?
　　A．Difficult.
　　B．Dangerous.
　　C．Experimental.
D．Successful.
【答案】DCAD
【解析】
1.D　主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段Jane Golden的話可知，當(dāng)人們問及該項目是關(guān)于什么的時候，她用一個詞來概括，即Hope，故D項為最佳標(biāo)題。
2.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一、二段，昔日曾經(jīng)被涂鴉的墻壁正被美麗的壁畫所覆蓋，以使社區(qū)更具魅力，因此對抗涂鴉應(yīng)是該項目的目的。
3.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，當(dāng)社區(qū)的居民請求畫一張壁畫時，該項目的工作人員就和當(dāng)?shù)氐娜藗円黄鸸ぷ鱽頂M定出一個主題，故選A項。
4.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段及倒數(shù)第二段可知，該項目很成功，故選D項。

第三篇：
In today's global world, more and more people travel to foreign countries. Cross cultural awareness and an understanding of foreign etiquette is important if you want to succeed as an international business person. Behaviour that is polite at home may be considered rude in another country. In particular, by learning about dining etiquette and table manners, you can avoid offending people and this can directly influence your business success.
John Smith's book The Perfect Guest is a goldmine of information for the globe-trotting business person. There are chapters dedicated to all the main problem areas of dining etiquette and entertaining in different countries and tips on how to cope with embarrassing situations.
These are some of the areas which are covered in the book.
Seating arrangements
Whether you are eating at a restaurant or at someone's home, there may be a fixed protocol of who sits where. Do men and women sit together? Is there a hierarchy according to age or status? Rules vary greatly. For example, in Korea, it is customary to offer the best seat to the most senior person; in the US, there are no specific seating rules. If you don't know where to sit, wait until your host shows you.
Conversation
Is the dining table the right place to have a conversation or is the meal taken in silence? In France, for instance, the meal is a social affair with loud animated conversations and most topics are acceptable, including business. In Japanor Vietnam, on the other hand, only quiet conversation is acceptable and business is never conducted at the dinner table.
Food
What type of food is popular? Is it polite to remark on the food? Should you eat everything or leave some food on your plate? Is il polite to ask for the salt and pepper if it isn't on the table? And how can you deal with a food delicacy that you find disgusting? In Europe, it is polite to eat everything on your plate whereas this would be considered rude in Egypt. If you clean your plate, it will be filled up again immediately.
21．Who is most likely to find the information useful?
A．A business person.
B．A scientist.
C．A student.
D．A soldier.
22．When you are a guest in the US, where should you sit?
A．In the best seat.
B．Where your host shows you to sit.
C．Wherever you like.
D．Next to the senior.
23．You leave food on your plate in Egypt
A．to show that you have eaten enough
B．so that there are leftovers for the cat
C．to show that you don't like the food
D．but it is considered rude.
24．The passage mainly tells us .
A．cross cultural dining etiquette
B．cultural differences around the world
C．how to improve cultural awareness
D．why the book is worth buying
【答案】21．A22．B23．A24．A
【解析】這是一篇說明文。如果你想成為一名國際商務(wù)人士，跨文化意識和對外國禮儀的理解很重要，本文詳細(xì)介紹了跨文化用餐禮儀。
21．推理判斷題。由第一段中的“Cross cultural awareness and an understanding of foreign etiquette is important if you want to succeed as an international business person.”（如果你想成為一個成功的國際商務(wù)人士，跨文化意識和對外國禮儀的理解是很重要的。）和“In particular, by learning about dining etiquette and table manners, you can avoid offending people and this can directly influence your business success.”（特別是，通過學(xué)習(xí)用餐禮儀和餐桌禮儀，你可以避免冒犯他人，這會直接影響你的商業(yè)成功）可知，商人最有可能發(fā)現(xiàn)這些信息有用。故選A項。
22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“For example, in Korea, it is customary to offer the best seat to the most senior person; in the US, there are no specific seating rules. If you don't know where to sit, wait until your host shows you.”（例如，在韓國，通常為最年長的人提供最好的座位；在美國，沒有具體的座位規(guī)則。如果你不知道坐在哪里，等主人給你展示你的座位），可知在美國沒有具體的座位規(guī)則，你可以坐在主人讓你坐的地方。故選B項。
23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的“In Europe, it is polite to eat everything on your plate whereas this would be considered rude in Egypt. If you clean your plate, it will be filled up again immediately.”（在歐洲，吃光盤子里的東西是禮貌的，而這在埃及被認(rèn)為是粗魯?shù)?。如果你把盤子吃光了，它會馬上再裝滿的），可知在埃及，吃光盤子里的東西是不禮貌的，如果你的盤子很干凈，主人會以為你沒吃飽，給你裝滿盤子，所以可得出你的盤子里有食物，表示你吃得夠多了，不需要主人再添食物。故選A項。
24．主旨大意題。第一段講“想成為一個成功的國際商務(wù)人士，跨文化意識和對外國禮儀的理解很重要，尤其是用餐禮儀和餐桌禮儀”，第二三段講“約翰·史密斯的書《完美的客人》就用餐禮儀做出了一些有用說明”，第四段講“跨文化下的座位安排”，第五段講“跨文化下的餐桌對話”，第六段講“跨文化下的食物”，文章主要介紹了跨文化用餐禮儀。故選A項。

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