人教新目標(biāo)（Go for it)版英語八年級下冊 Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum 現(xiàn)在完成時(1)（課件）-課件下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

Present Perfect TenseLook at these sentencesI have finished all my homework.I have cleaned all the rooms.I have eaten all the food.我把所有的作業(yè)都做完了。我把所有的房間都打掃完了。我把所有的食物都吃光了。現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成助動詞have (has) + 動詞的過去分詞注：has 用于第三人稱單數(shù)，have 用于其他所有人稱。規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞變化與過去式相同，不規(guī)則變化則須單獨記憶。句式1. 肯定句:主語 + have / has + 過去分詞 (+ 其他) I have already read this book.2. 否定句:主語 + have / has + not + 分詞(+ 其他) I haven’t read this book yet .3. 一般疑問句:Have/ Has + 主語 + 過去分詞 (+ 其他)Have you read this book yet ?4. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞 + have / has + 主語+過去分詞 (+其他) How long have they been here? 注意：already和yet都可以作為現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志詞，但它們的用法不同?！鬭lready 一般用于肯定句中。如： We have already cleaned up our classroom. 注意：already 用于疑問句中時通常表示驚奇。如：Have you finished your homework already? I can’t believe it.◆ yet 一般用于疑問句和否定句中。如： Have you seen her yet? The bus hasn’t come yet.1. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。(漢語中常用“已經(jīng)”、“過”、“了”等表達(dá)）通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞 just，already, before, yet, never, ever 等狀語連用。例如： ① I have never heard of that before. ② Have you ever ridden a horse? ③ She has already finished the work. ④ Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. ⑤ I’ve just lost my math book. 用法：2.現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎狙永m(xù)的時間狀語連用。如for、since 等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語。（注意：句中謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞）一段時間的表達(dá)方法有兩種:for: +一段時間 for a year for two weeks for three years 過去的某一時刻, since nine since last week 一般過去時態(tài)的時間狀語從句 since you came since you got home.注意:for 和since 所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語都表示一段時間.He has been away since last week.He has been away for one week.對劃線部分提問都用How longSince 3. have/has been in, have/has been to 與have/has gone to 的用法:1). have (has) been in 表示“在某地（多長時間）”，現(xiàn)在仍在那里。常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。2). have( has)been to表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與just, ever, never等連用，例如：I have just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou before? 你以前曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？Have (has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。例如：They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。3). have (has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。總之，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，例如：----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop. 他到書店去了。比較：I have seen the film. 我看過這部電影。 (我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容) I saw the film last month. 我上個月看了這部電影。 (只說明上個月看了這部電影，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況)一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別① 一般過去時只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動作；現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響。② 一般過去時通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用；現(xiàn)在完成時則不能與表示過去的時間狀語連用。③ 一般過去時單純表示過去的經(jīng)歷；現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能持續(xù)下去。一般過去時的時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, … ago, in1980, in October, just now … 共同的時間狀語有：this morning, tonight, this summer, before, already, …　現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in past years …現(xiàn)在完成時與瞬間動詞瞬間動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時，但不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如可說“He has left.”但不能說“He has left for three years.” 如果要表達(dá)“他已走了三年了”可用以下幾種表達(dá)法：一、用ago,使用一般過去時。 He left here three years ago.二、用“It is +一段時間＋since ＋一般過去時從句 ” It is three years since he left here.三、用“ 一段時間＋have/ has passed + since + 一般過去時從句”Three years have passed since he left here.以上三種表示方法適用于所有瞬間動詞。另外，還可用其它表示方法，但只適用于部分瞬間動詞。具體辦法是將瞬間動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為表延續(xù)的動詞或者表狀態(tài)的be+名詞／形容詞或副詞／介詞短語等。一般過去時態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)可以構(gòu)成同義句1).我們買這本書三年了.We have had the book for three years.We bought the book three years ago. 2).自從上星期以來,我就借了這本書. I have kept the book since last week. I borrowed the book last week.3). Mr Black死了三年了。Mr Black has been dead for three years.Mr Black died three years ago.根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的要求完成下列各句，每空一詞(含縮寫)。1. My parents have come back already.(改為否定句) My parents _______ ______ back ____. 2. The boys have been to Japan lots of times. (改為一般疑問句) _______ the boys _______ to Japan lots of times? Have been? haven’t comeyetExercises3. Has your sister gone to the bookstore? (作肯定回答) _______, she _______.4. I have been to the theme park three times. (對劃線部分提問) _____ ______ times have you been to the theme park?5. The movie has been on for half an hour. (對劃線部分提問) _____ _______ has the movie been on? How many?Yes hasHow longThanks for listening!