英語(yǔ)必修 第三冊(cè)Lesson 3 A Musical Genius導(dǎo)學(xué)案

這是一份英語(yǔ)必修 第三冊(cè)Lesson 3 A Musical Genius導(dǎo)學(xué)案，共20頁(yè)。
?Unit 7 Art

Ⅰ.匹配詞義
A．單詞匹配
(　　)1.master　　　 A．n.奮斗 vi.奮斗，拼搏
(　　)2.pattern B．a(chǎn)dj.(音樂(lè))小調(diào)的；小的；不很
重要的
(　　)3.complex C．vt.標(biāo)志著；預(yù)示 n．標(biāo)識(shí)
(　　)4.aspect D．n.圖案；花樣，式樣
(　　)5.struggle E．vt.掌握，精通 n．大師；主人
(　　)6.charge F．a(chǎn)dv.否則；要不然
(　　)7.signal G．n.方面
(　　)8.broad H．a(chǎn)dj.復(fù)雜的
(　　)9.minor I．a(chǎn)dj.寬闊的；廣博的
(　　)10.otherwise J．n.主管；負(fù)責(zé)
[答案]　1—5　EDHGA　6—10　JCIBF
B．短語(yǔ)匹配
(　　)1.refer to　　　 A．毫不猶豫做某事，盡管做某事
(　　)2.be regarded as B．放棄
(　　)3.not hesitate to do sth.
C．提到
(　　)4.broad smile D．被認(rèn)為，被看作
(　　)5.give up E．滿面的笑容
[答案]　1—5 CDAEB
Ⅱ.默寫(xiě)單詞
1．perform vi.&vt. 表演；演出
2．emotion n. 情感
3．complex adj. 復(fù)雜的
4．proceed vi. 繼續(xù)；進(jìn)行
5．genius n. 天才
6．compose vt. 作(曲)；構(gòu)成；寫(xiě)作
7．respond vi.&vt. 回應(yīng)，回復(fù)
8．conductor n. 指揮
9．joyous adj. 歡樂(lè)的，令人愉快的
10．backstage adj. 后臺(tái)的；(在)幕后(的)

Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞
signal；regard；complex；emotion；charge；aspect；master；tense；pattern；broad
1．They expressed mixed emotions at the news.
2．French was a language he had never mastered．
3．The shirts were printed with a paisley pattern．
4．I spent a few tense weeks waiting for the results of the test.
5．This project involves a lot of complex technical problems.
6．She felt she had looked at the problem from every aspect．
7．He is regarded as the most successful writer of modern times.
8．His shoulders were broad and his waist narrow.
9．This announcement signalled a clear change of policy.
10．He took charge of the farm after his father's death.
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空之派生詞
1．She made no reference(refer) to her illness but only to her future plans.
2．They made an emotional (emotion) appeal for help.
3．The committee includes representatives(represent) from industry.
4．Beethoven's music inspired me to be a composer(compose)．
5．I received an encouraging response(respond) to my advertisement.
6．Who is the conductor(conduct) of tonight's concert?
7．The great majority of players would，of course，sign the contract without hesitation(hesitate)．

1．In his twenties，he had been very famous for his skills on the piano，but then he began to lose his hearing.
20多歲時(shí)，他就以鋼琴演奏技巧而聞名，但后來(lái)他開(kāi)始失聰。
2．Inspired by his struggles with deafness，the composer produced some amazing pieces，including nine symphonies，five piano pieces，and an opera!
受到與耳聾斗爭(zhēng)的啟發(fā)，這位作曲家創(chuàng)作了一些令人驚嘆的作品，包括九首交響樂(lè)、五首鋼琴曲和一部歌?。?br /> 3．As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page，Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time.
當(dāng)他驕傲地在這一頁(yè)的底部簽上自己的名字時(shí)，貝多芬盡力想象當(dāng)人們第一次聽(tīng)到這個(gè)名字時(shí)會(huì)有什么反應(yīng)。
4．For more than an hour，Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra，waving his arms wildly in the air，and madly turning the pages of his score.
一個(gè)多小時(shí)以來(lái)，貝多芬在管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)前跳來(lái)跳去，在空中瘋狂地?fù)]舞著雙臂，瘋狂地翻著樂(lè)譜。
5．It was not until Caroline Unger，one of the singers，took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.
直到其中一位歌唱家卡洛琳·昂格爾挽著他的胳膊，轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身去面對(duì)觀眾，這位偉人才意識(shí)到他的交響樂(lè)是成功的。

名師圈點(diǎn)
①composer n．作曲家
compose vt.作(曲)；構(gòu)成；寫(xiě)作
②be regarded as被認(rèn)為，被看作
③in one's twenties在某人二十多歲時(shí)
④be famous for因……而出名
⑤give up放棄
⑥struggle n．奮斗 vi.奮斗，拼搏
⑦including v．包含；包括
⑧symphony n．交響樂(lè)
⑨musical adj.音樂(lè)的
⑩work n．著作
?Vienna維也納，位于多瑙河畔，奧地利首都及最大城市，是歐洲主要的文化中心，被譽(yù)為“世界音樂(lè)之都”。
?add...to...增添……到……
?sign vt.簽字；署名
?respond vi.& vt. 回應(yīng)，回復(fù)
response n．反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)
?backstage adj.后臺(tái)的；(在)幕后(的)
?atmosphere n．氣氛；氛圍
?tense adj.緊張的；焦慮不安的
?disaster n．災(zāi)難
?after all畢竟
in all總共；總計(jì)
above all最重要的是
?orchestra n．(大型的)管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)
genius n．天才
not hesitate to do sth.毫不猶豫地做某事
director n．指揮
take charge of主管；負(fù)責(zé)
skillfully adv.熟練地
joyous adj.歡樂(lè)的，令人愉快的
signal vt.標(biāo)志著；預(yù)示n.標(biāo)識(shí)
surprise n．令人吃驚的事/物
as well也；還
原文呈現(xiàn)
A MUSICAL GENIUS
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer①.He is regarded as② one of the greatest composers in the history of music.In his twenties③，he had been very famous for④ his skills on the piano，but then he began to lose his hearing.Beethoven thought about giving up⑤，but in the end he continued to write music.Inspired by his struggles⑥ with deafness，the composer produced some amazing pieces，including⑦ nine symphonies⑧，five piano pieces，and an opera! He proceeded with the composition until his death in 1827，writing more than 130 musical⑨works⑩，including his Symphony No.9 in D minor[1]．
[1]writing...是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)在句中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。
One day in February 1824，at his little house in Vienna?，Austria，Ludwig van Beethoven sat back in his chair and smiled.The famous German composer's ninth symphony was finally completed.Writing the piece had taken several years，and now the final notes had been added to? the score.[2] At 54 years of age，he didn't know that this would be his last symphony.As he proudly signed? his name at the bottom of the page，Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond? when they heard it for the first time.
[2]Writing the piece是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，在句中作主語(yǔ)。
Before the performance，the backstage? atmosphere?at a very famous theatre in Vienna was tense?.Beethoven was afraid that the performance would be a disaster?.After all?，what use is a conductor who could not hear his orchestra?—even if he is a musical genius
The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years.The theatre's musical director，Michael Umlauf，joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra.For more than an hour，Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra，waving his arms wildly in the air，and madly turning the pages of his score[3]. The whole time，Umlauf stood quietly by his side，skillfully guiding the orchestra through the most amazing piece of music the world had ever known.
[3]句中的waving...和turning...是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
As the final，joyous note signalled the end of the symphony，the audience jumped to their feet，clapping，cheering and waving their hats.But Beethoven continued conducting，his head buried in the score.It was not until Caroline Unger，one of the singers，took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.[4]
[4]本句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)until從句。
Later，Caroline remembered that Beethoven was not the only one who got a surprise.“The audience was shocked as well，”she said with a broad smile.“Most of them had no idea that he was deaf! The one person in the room who didn't hear the symphony—and never would—was the very man who composed it.”
譯文參考
音樂(lè)天才
路德維?！し病へ惗喾沂堑聡?guó)作曲家。他被公認(rèn)為音樂(lè)史上最偉大的作曲家之一。20多歲時(shí)，他就以鋼琴演奏技巧而聞名，但后來(lái)他開(kāi)始失聰。貝多芬想過(guò)放棄，但最終他繼續(xù)創(chuàng)作音樂(lè)。受到與耳聾斗爭(zhēng)的啟發(fā)，這位作曲家創(chuàng)作了一些令人驚嘆的作品，包括九首交響樂(lè)、五首鋼琴曲和一部歌劇！他繼續(xù)創(chuàng)作，直到1827年去世，創(chuàng)作了130多部音樂(lè)作品，其中包括這首D小調(diào)第九交響曲。
1824年2月的一天，在他位于奧地利維也納的小房子里，路德維希·凡·貝多芬坐在椅子上笑了。這位德國(guó)著名作曲家的第九交響曲終于完成了。寫(xiě)這首曲子花了好幾年的時(shí)間，現(xiàn)在總譜上又加上了最后的注解。54歲時(shí)，他不知道這將是他最后一首交響樂(lè)。當(dāng)他驕傲地在這一頁(yè)的底部簽上自己的名字時(shí)，貝多芬盡力想象當(dāng)人們第一次聽(tīng)到這個(gè)名字時(shí)會(huì)有什么反應(yīng)。
演出之前，維也納一家非常著名的劇院的后臺(tái)氣氛很緊張。貝多芬擔(dān)心這場(chǎng)演出會(huì)成為一場(chǎng)災(zāi)難。畢竟，一個(gè)聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)的指揮有什么用——即使他是個(gè)音樂(lè)天才？
當(dāng)這位著名作曲家十二年來(lái)第一次走上舞臺(tái)時(shí)，觀眾毫不猶豫地鼓掌歡呼。劇院音樂(lè)指揮邁克爾·奧姆洛夫也走上臺(tái)和他一起指揮樂(lè)隊(duì)。一個(gè)多小時(shí)以來(lái)，貝多芬在管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)前跳來(lái)跳去，在空中瘋狂地?fù)]舞著雙臂，瘋狂地翻著樂(lè)譜。整個(gè)過(guò)程中，奧姆洛夫靜靜地站在他身邊，熟練地指導(dǎo)樂(lè)隊(duì)演奏世界上最美妙的音樂(lè)。
隨著歡快的結(jié)尾音符標(biāo)志著交響樂(lè)的結(jié)束，觀眾們激動(dòng)地站起來(lái)，鼓掌，歡呼，揮舞著他們的帽子。但是貝多芬把頭埋在樂(lè)譜里，繼續(xù)指揮。直到其中一位歌唱家卡洛琳·昂格爾挽著他的胳膊，轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身去面對(duì)觀眾，這位偉人才意識(shí)到他的交響樂(lè)是成功的。
后來(lái)，卡洛琳想起貝多芬并不是唯一得到驚喜的人。“觀眾也很震驚，”她笑著說(shuō)?！八麄兇蠖鄶?shù)人都不知道他耳聾了！房間里唯一一個(gè)聽(tīng)不到交響樂(lè)的人——永遠(yuǎn)也聽(tīng)不到——正是他創(chuàng)作了交響樂(lè)。”


速讀P14－15教材課文，完成下列任務(wù)
Ⅰ.閱讀判斷
判斷下列句子提供的信息是正確，還是錯(cuò)誤，還是沒(méi)有提及。
1．Beethoven began to lose his hearing in his thirties.
A．Right.　　　B．Wrong.　　　C．Not mentioned.
2．Beethoven composed his ninth symphony in Germany.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Beethoven died when he was 57 years old.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Beethoven，Michael Umlauf and other two men took charge of the orchestra，and madly turning the pages of his score.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．The audience could hear the symphony except Beethoven.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案]　1—5　BBABA
Ⅱ.補(bǔ)全信息
選擇正確選項(xiàng)填入空白處，補(bǔ)全所給句子提供的信息。
A．Writing the piece had taken several years
B．guiding the orchestra
C．waving his arms wildly in the air
D．writing more than 130 musical works
E．including nine symphonies，five piano pieces，and an opera
1．Inspired by his struggles with deafness，the composer produced some amazing pieces，________！
2．He proceeded with the composition until his death in 1827，______，including his Symphony No.9 in D minor.
3．________，and now the final notes had been added to the score.
4．For more than an hour，Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra，________．
5．The whole time，Umlauf stood quietly by his side，skillfully________through the most amazing piece of music the world had ever known.
[答案]　1—5　EDACB
Ⅲ.表格填空
Beethoven
General introduction
Beethoven was born in 1.Germany．He was remembered as a great 2.composer in the history of music.
★His problem: In his 3.twenties, he lost his hearing.
★His achievements: In all his lifetime, he wrote 4.more than 130 musical works, including his Symphony No.9 in D minor.
The performance of his last symphony
★Before：The 5.backstage atmosphere was tense.Beethoven was afraid that the performance would be a 6.failure/disaster because he couldn't hear his orchestra.
★During: The orchestra was in the 7.charge of Michael Umlauf and Beethoven.For over an hour, Beethoven jumped, 8.waved his arms wildly and
madly turned the pages of his score.Umlauf stood 9.quietly by his side, skillfully guiding the orchestra.
★In the end: The audience jumped to their feet, clapping, 10.cheering and waving their hats happily.Beethoven's symphony turned out to be a success.


細(xì)讀P14－15教材課文，完成下列任務(wù)
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para. 1　　　 A．After the first performance
2．Para. 2　 B．During the first performance
3．Para. 3　 C．Before the first performance
4．Para. 4　 D．Composing of Symphony No.9
5．Para. 5　 E．General introduction of
Beethoven
6．Para. 6　 F．Final thought：a musical genius
in a silent world
[答案]　1－6　EDCBAF
Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)選擇
1．According to the passage，which one is NOT true?
A．Beethoven was a German composer.
B．In his twenties，he began to lose his hearing.
C．Beethoven composed nine symphonies before he lost his hearing.
D．Beethoven produced an opera after he lost his hearing.
2．Where did Beethoven finish his ninth symphony?
A．In Germany.　　　　　 B．In Austria.
C．In a theatre. D．In his big house.
3．How old was Beethoven when he died in 1827?
A．54. B．57.
C．84. D．65.
4．Beethoven took charge of the orchestra with ．
A．Caroline B．two men
C．Umlauf D．not mentioned
[答案]　1－4　CBBC
Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)/概要寫(xiě)作微技能
A．閱讀課文中含有描述個(gè)人身份的語(yǔ)句。
1．Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer.
2．The theatre's musical director，Michael Umlauf，joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra.
3．It was not until Caroline Unger，one of the singers，took his arm and turned him to face the audience...
B．判斷下列語(yǔ)句中哪些不是描述個(gè)人身份的語(yǔ)句。
1．In his twenties，he had been very famous for his skills on the piano.
2．At his little house in Vienna，Austria，Ludwig van Beethoven sat back in his chair and smiled.
3．Caroline remembered that Beethoven was not the only one who got a surprise.

[答案]　1，2，3


1．refer v．提到；談到→reference n．提及；參考；查閱
2．conduct v．執(zhí)行，引導(dǎo)→conductor n．指揮
3．compose vt.作(曲)；構(gòu)成；寫(xiě)作→composer n．作曲家
4．respond vi.&vt.回應(yīng)，回復(fù)→response n．回答；回應(yīng)
5．hesitate vi.猶豫；躊躇→hesitation n．猶豫

1．refer to查閱，參考；涉及，關(guān)于；提到，把……委托給，指的是；提交
①Don't refer to that matter again，please. 提到
②If you want to know his telephone number，you may refer to the telephone directory. 查閱
③I was not referring to her when I said so. 指的是
④The case referred to has been presented to the supreme law court.
相關(guān)
⑤The special patient was referred to a specialist for treatment.
把……委托給
2．charge n．&v.主管；充電；控告；要價(jià)，收費(fèi)
①Ben will take charge of the company after his father retires. 主管
②The restaurant charged me 10 dollars for the lunch. 要價(jià)
③The young man was charged with stealing. 控告
④The battery must be charged before use. 充電

Words and Phrases
　refer to提到；指；涉及；提及；適用；稱作；移交
(教材P13)Logical relationships usually refer to the inner relationships between/among things，like between causes and effects.
邏輯關(guān)系通常指事物間的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，如因果關(guān)系。
[例1]　Please refer to the right-hand column of page 200 of this dictionary.
請(qǐng)參看這本詞典第二百頁(yè)右面一欄。
[例2]　That remark does not refer to her.
那句話不是指的她。
[造句]　研究這個(gè)例子并參考下面的解釋。
Study the example and refer to the explanation below.
[知識(shí)拓展]
(1)refer sb./sth.to sb./sth. 將……送交給……(以求獲得幫助
等)；歸功于/歸咎于
refer to...as... 把……稱作……
(2)reference n. 提到；參考；查閱；查詢
reference books 參考書(shū)
make reference to 提及
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①M(fèi)y doctor referred me to a specialist.
②This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the “night owl” schedule of sleep.
③There is no direct reference(refer) to her own childhood in the novel.
　regard vt.認(rèn)為；看作
(教材P14)He is regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of music.
他被公認(rèn)為音樂(lè)史上最偉大的作曲家之一。
[例1]　She is widely regarded as the current leader's natural successor.
人們普遍認(rèn)為她自然是現(xiàn)任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的接班人。
[例2]　Now we still regard him as a good friend of ours.
現(xiàn)在我們?nèi)园阉醋魑覀兊暮门笥阎弧?br /> [造句]　我認(rèn)為創(chuàng)造力既是一種天賦也是一種技巧。
I regard creativity both as a gift and as a skill.
[知識(shí)拓展]
(1)in/with regard to...　　　 關(guān)于……
as regards 關(guān)于，至于
in this regard 關(guān)于此事，在這方面
regard...as... 認(rèn)為……是……
(2)regarding prep. 關(guān)于；至于
(3)regardless of 不管，不顧
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①In regard to his work，we have no complaints.
②The Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.
③I have no advice for you regarding(regard) that problem.
　give up放棄
(教材P14)Beethoven thought about giving up，but in the end he continued to write music.
貝多芬想過(guò)放棄，但最終他繼續(xù)創(chuàng)作音樂(lè)。
[例1]　She gave up her job to join her husband's campaign.
她辭去工作，加入到丈夫的宣傳活動(dòng)中。
[例2]　You are here at last！We had given you up.
你終于來(lái)了！我們都以為你不來(lái)了呢。
[造句]　到現(xiàn)在，我設(shè)法戒煙已快兩年了。
I've been trying to give up smoking for two years now.
[知識(shí)拓展]
give in　　　　　　　　　 投降，讓步
give away 分發(fā)；泄露；贈(zèng)送
give back 歸還
give out 分發(fā)，散發(fā)
give off 放出，發(fā)出
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①He gave away all his money to the poor.
②After a month their food supplies gave out．
③The enemy were at last forced to give in．
　struggle n．斗爭(zhēng)；拼搏；努力v.奮斗；抗?fàn)帲粧暝?br /> (教材P14)Inspired by his struggles with deafness，the composer produced some amazing pieces，including nine symphonies...
受到與耳聾斗爭(zhēng)的啟發(fā)，這位作曲家創(chuàng)作了一些令人驚嘆的作品，包括九首交響樂(lè)……
[例1]　I could see the young boy struggling to free himself.
我看到小男孩正在奮力掙脫。
[例2]　The company is struggling to find buyers for its new product.
該公司正竭力為其新產(chǎn)品尋找買主。
[造句]　他同癌癥抗?fàn)幜藘赡辍?br /> He struggled against cancer for two years.
[知識(shí)拓展]
struggle to do sth.　　 努力做某事
struggle against/with 同……作斗爭(zhēng)
struggle for 為……而奮斗
struggle to one's feet 掙扎著站起來(lái)
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①He is struggling to support(support) his family alone.
②James struggled against/with burglars and frightened them away.
③Millions of people are struggling for life with high prices.
　respond vi.反應(yīng)；回復(fù)；回答
(教材P14)...Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time.
……貝多芬盡力想象當(dāng)人們第一次聽(tīng)到這個(gè)名字時(shí)會(huì)有什么反應(yīng)。
[例1]　How did they respond to the news?
他們對(duì)這則消息有什么反應(yīng)？
[例2]　I greeted him but he didn't respond.
我跟他打招呼，但他沒(méi)搭理我。
[造句]　你有幾種方法可以回答這些無(wú)禮的問(wèn)題。
You have several ways to respond to these rude questions.
[知識(shí)拓展]
(1)respond to　　　　 回答；對(duì)……作出反應(yīng)；(對(duì)治療
等)有良好反應(yīng)
(2)response n. 回答，答復(fù)；反應(yīng)，響應(yīng)
in response to 作為……的回應(yīng)
make response to 對(duì)……作出回答
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The patient did not respond to treatment.
②She made no response to my letter.
③He always takes the lead in response(respond) to the government's call.
　hesitate v．猶豫；遲疑；躊躇
(教材P15)The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years.
當(dāng)這位著名作曲家十二年來(lái)第一次走上舞臺(tái)時(shí)，觀眾毫不猶豫地鼓掌歡呼。
[例1]　I didn't hesitate for a moment about taking the job.
我毫不猶豫地接受了那份工作。
[例2]　Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions.
如果有疑問(wèn)請(qǐng)盡管和我聯(lián)系。
[造句]　她猶豫了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，然后才說(shuō)“行”。
She hesitated for a long time and then she said “Yes”．
[知識(shí)拓展]
(1)hesitate about/in/over/at... 對(duì)……猶豫不決
hesitate to do sth. 遲疑于做某事
(2)hesitation n. 猶豫，躊躇
without hesitation 毫不遲疑
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①He did not hesitate for a minute to save(save) the drowning child.
②I hesitated about taking (take) his side until I knew the whole story.
③Therefore I recommend myself to you without hesitation.
④I hesitate to spend(spend) so much money on clothes.
　charge vt.收費(fèi)，要價(jià)；指控n.負(fù)責(zé)；主管
(教材P15)The theatre's musical director，Michael Umlauf，joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra.
劇院音樂(lè)指揮邁克爾·奧姆洛夫也走上臺(tái)和他一起指揮樂(lè)隊(duì)。
[例1]　She is in charge of the day-to-day running of the business.
她負(fù)責(zé)掌管日常業(yè)務(wù)。
[例2]　What did they charge for the repairs?
他們收了多少修理費(fèi)？
[造句]　有數(shù)人被捕，但均未受到指控。
Several people were arrested but nobody was charged.
[知識(shí)拓展]
charge sb.money for (doing) sth.
　　　　　　　　 因(做)某事而收某人的錢
charge sb.with sth.＝accuse sb.of sth.
因……指控某人
in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)，掌管某事
in the charge of... 被人負(fù)責(zé)，掌管
take charge of 接管，控制
free of charge 免費(fèi)的(地)
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①John will take charge of the next meeting.
②The job is in the charge of an experienced mechanic.
③Recently some officials have been charged with a lot of crimes.
[小片段助記](méi)
The man was charged with abusing his power when he was in charge of the company.He sent the products to the villagers free of charge.
　represent vt.代表；表現(xiàn)；描繪
(教材P105)Simple movements in Beijing Opera often represent more complex actions，like riding a horse or rowing a boat.
京劇中簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)作往往代表更復(fù)雜的動(dòng)作，如騎馬或劃船。
[例1]　The president was represented at the ceremony by the vice-president.
副總統(tǒng)代表總統(tǒng)出席了這次慶典。
[例2]　This is why I prefer to find a way to represent them，not to tell them.
這就是我為什么不說(shuō)這些事情，而是通過(guò)另一種方式來(lái)表現(xiàn)它們。
[造句]　這些雕刻作品描繪了一幅狩獵的場(chǎng)面。
The carvings represent a hunting scene.
[知識(shí)拓展]
(1)represent...as...　　　　 把……描繪成……
represent sb.to be/as 宣稱某人為/是……
represent sth.to sb. 向某人說(shuō)明某事，向某人傳達(dá)某事
(2)representative n. 代表；代表他人者
　　　　 adj. 典型的，有代表性的
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①This kind of medical treatment represents(represent) a significant advance in the field of cancer research.
②He represented himself as a philosopher.
③I couldn't be present myself，but I had sent my representative(represent) to the meeting.
Sentence Patterns
　wish從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣
(教材P13) I wish I knew more about them.
我希望我更多的了解它們。
[句式分析]

[例1]　I wish I weren't leaving my son.
我希望我沒(méi)離開(kāi)我兒子。
[例2]　—Beautiful day，isn't it?
—Yes，I wish we could go to the seaside today.
——天氣真好，不是嗎？
——是的，我真希望我們今天能到海邊。
[造句]　我希望我長(zhǎng)得更漂亮些。
I wish I were more beautiful.
[知識(shí)拓展]
(1)對(duì)將來(lái)發(fā)生的事情表示祝愿或愿望：主語(yǔ)＋wish＋從句主語(yǔ)＋would(could，might)＋動(dòng)詞原形；
(2)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望：主語(yǔ)＋wish(that)＋從句主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式；
(3)對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情表示遺憾或后悔時(shí)：主語(yǔ)＋wish(that)＋從句主語(yǔ)＋would/could have/had＋過(guò)去分詞。
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I wish I knew(know) his address.
②I wish you had come(come) to my birthday party yesterday.
　獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
(教材P15) But Beethoven continued conducting，his head buried in the score．
但是貝多芬把頭埋在樂(lè)譜里，繼續(xù)指揮。
[句式分析]
在本句中，“his head buried in the score”是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，轉(zhuǎn)換成句子應(yīng)為“and his head was buried in the score”。
[例1]　 The task well finished，we were given a prize.
任務(wù)圓滿完成，我們被嘉獎(jiǎng)。
[例2]　He came into the classroom，book in hand.
他手里拿著書(shū)走進(jìn)教室。
[造句]　 老人坐在椅子上，閉著眼睛。
The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed．
[知識(shí)拓展]
動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)也可以有自己獨(dú)立的主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，通常用來(lái)表示伴隨的動(dòng)作或情況，也可以表示時(shí)間、原因或條件。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)通常由“名詞/代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/不定式/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義；過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義或動(dòng)作已完成；不定式表示尚未發(fā)生或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Time permitting(permit)，we can wander around the park.
②The trees are extremely tall，some measuring(measure) over 90 metres.
③The problem solved(solve)，the governor felt relaxed.
④So much baggage to carry(carry), I had to take a taxi.
　until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式
(教材P15)It was not until Caroline Unger，one of the singers，took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.
直到其中一位歌唱家卡洛琳·昂格爾挽著他的胳膊，轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身去面對(duì)觀眾，這位偉人才意識(shí)到他的交響樂(lè)是成功的。
[句式分析]
本句是一個(gè)“It＋be＋強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that...”結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)until從句。
[例1]　It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
直到他妻子回來(lái)他才睡覺(jué)。
[例2]　It was not until I saw Margaret next morning，however，that I felt happy.
直到我第二天早晨見(jiàn)到瑪格麗特，我才感到高興。
[造句]　直到老師告訴他，他才意識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。
It was not until the teacher told him that he realised his mistake.
[知識(shí)拓展]
(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句中對(duì)until從句進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，not一并提前。
(2) 當(dāng)not until位于句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：Not until＋從句/表時(shí)間的詞＋助動(dòng)詞＋(主句)主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋其他。
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Not until the teacher came in did (do) the students stop talking.
②It was not until his wife left that he came.

教材
高考
1.He is regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of music.
(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影響) travel to undisturbed places.
2.Inspired by his struggles with deafness, the composer produced some amazing pieces...
(2020·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet.
3.The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years.
(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won't hesitate to open them and walk through.
4.Simple movements in Beijing Opera often represent more complex actions, like riding a horse or rowing a boat.
(2020·江蘇卷)For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their country's past—age-old castles, splendid homes...
and red phone boxes.


Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．It was not until the rain stopped that they started.
2．How I wish I had been(be) able to say the rules without a mistake at that time.
3．My assistant will be in charge of the department in my absence.
4．To my great delight，she gave it to me without any hesitation(hesitate)．
5．We waved to him but there was no response(respond)．
6．The workers struggled for better pay and better conditions.
7．Health should be regarded as the treasure of society.
8．He named one of us his representative(represent) at the meeting.
9．He usually refers to me for information about the thief.
10．The mother gave in and bought a toy for her daughter.
Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)填空
refer to；respond to；give up；take charge of；hesitate to do；after all；as well
1. After all he is still a schoolboy.
2．Don't hesitate to make comments or suggestions if you have any.
3．China is a socialist country，and a developing country as well．
4．She responded to my letter with a phone call.
5．He gave up his studies and went on the stage.
6．The teacher referred to in my last letter has gone abroad.
7．A few years ago Bacryl took charge of the company.
Ⅲ.課文語(yǔ)法填空
Beethoven was regarded as one of the 1.greatest(great) composers in the history of music.In his 2.twenties(twenty)，he began to lose his hearing，but he didn't give up and produced some 3.amazing(amaze) pieces，4.including(include) nine symphonies.5.Before the performance, Beethoven was afraid that the performance would be a disaster.
The audience had no 6.hesitation(hesitate) to applaud as Beethoven walked out onto the stage.He and Michael Umlauf took charge of the orchestra.For more than an hour，he waved his arms 7.wildly(wild)and madly turned the pages of his score.As the joyous note signalled the end of the symphony，all the audience jumped to their feet.But Beethoven continued conducting 8.until Caroline Unger took his arm and 9.turned(turn) him to face the audience.Caroline said most of the audience had no idea 10.that Beethoven was deaf.Only Beethoven who composed it couldn't hear the symphony.


構(gòu)詞法
[觀察例句]
1．We will try our best to better our living conditions.
2．Thousands of Victorian workers joined educational associations in an attempt to better themselves.
3．At the time，what he'd done had seemed reasonable.
4．Was there a difference of opinion over what to do with the Nobel Prize money?
5．You can't tell if it's a man or a woman from handwriting.
[歸納用法]
一、轉(zhuǎn)化法
英語(yǔ)中，有的名詞可作動(dòng)詞，有的形容詞可作副詞或動(dòng)詞，這種把一種詞性用作另一種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫作轉(zhuǎn)化法。
1．動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
①很多動(dòng)詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞，大多數(shù)情況下，意思沒(méi)有多大的變化。如：
Let's go out for a walk.
我們到外面去散散步吧。
②有時(shí)意思有一定變化，如：
He is a man of strong build.
他是一個(gè)體格健壯的漢子。
③有的與一個(gè)動(dòng)詞和不定冠詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作，如：
Let's have a swim.
咱們游泳吧。
2．名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞
①很多表示事物，如：
Did you book a seat on the plane?
你訂好飛機(jī)座位了嗎？
②身體部位，如：
Please hand me the book.
請(qǐng)把那本書(shū)遞給我。
③某類人的名詞可以用作動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示動(dòng)作。如：
She nursed her husband back to health.
她看護(hù)丈夫，使他恢復(fù)了健康。
④某些抽象名詞也可作動(dòng)詞。如：
We lunched together.
我們?cè)谝黄鸪粤宋绮汀?br /> 3．形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞
有少數(shù)形容詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞。如：
The work he produced early in his career has never really been bettered.
他后來(lái)沒(méi)出過(guò)什么作品能真正比得上他的早期作品。
4．副詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞
有少數(shù)副詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞。例如：
Murder will out.
(諺語(yǔ))惡事終必將敗露。
5．形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
①表示顏色的形容詞?？赊D(zhuǎn)化為名詞，如：
You should be dressed in black at the funeral.
你在葬禮上該穿黑色衣服。
②某些形容詞如：old，young，poor，rich，wounded，injured等與the連用，表示一類人，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，如：
The old in our village are living a happy life.
我們村的老年人過(guò)著幸福的生活。
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①In fact，it must have a hard struggle to get its freedom (free) from the cocoon.
②Lanzhou beef noodle has a history of 102 years and is known for tasty (taste) beef，soup and noodles.
二、截短法(縮略法)
截短法，即將單詞縮寫(xiě)，詞義和詞性保持不變，主要有截頭、去尾、截頭去尾等形式。
1．截頭
telephone→phone
aeroplane→plane
omnibus→bus
2．去尾
mathematics→maths
co-operate→co-op
examination→exam
3．截頭去尾
influenza→flu
refrigerator→fridge
prescription→script
三、混合法(混成法)
混合法，即將兩個(gè)詞混合或各取一部分緊縮成一個(gè)新詞。后半部分表示主體；前半部分表示屬性。
news broadcast→newscast新聞廣播
television broadcast→telecast電視播送
smoke and fog→smog煙霧
helicopter airport→heliport直升飛機(jī)場(chǎng)
四、首尾字母縮略法
首尾字母縮略法，即用單詞首尾字母組成一個(gè)新詞。讀音主要有兩種形式，即各字母分別讀音；作為一個(gè)單詞讀音。
very important person→VIP (讀字母音)貴賓；大人物
television→TV (讀字母音)電視
Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL(讀單詞音)托福

Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．The soldier died for saving the child，so his death(die) is heavier than Mount Tai.
2．To everyone's satisfaction(satisfy)，the girl finished the job quite well.
3．No one should enter the spot without the permission(permit) of the police.
4．The Great Wall is more than 6，000 kilometers in length(long)．
5．The black people were against slavery and fought for their freedom(free) bravely.
Ⅱ.短文語(yǔ)法填空
Last Saturday，I practised my 1.spoken(speak) English in my 2.reading(read) room.I once thought English was hard and I couldn't learn it well by 3.myself(me)．So I spared no effort to improve my English every day.Now I am well content with my 4.achievement(achieve) in English.After 5.a while，I was 6.exhausted(exhaust) and went to the garden.It was 7.sunny(sun)．I 8.watered(water) flowers in it and 9.breathed (breath) the fresh air，feeling 10.relaxed(relax)．