【真題再現(xiàn)】(2018·全國卷Ⅰ·D) 主題語境：環(huán)境保護(hù)
We may think we're a culture that gets rid f ur eq \a\vs4\al(wrn) technlgy at the first sight f smething shiny and new, but a new study shws that we keep using ur ld devices (裝置) well after they g ut f style. That's bad news fr the envirnment—and ur wallets—as these utdated devices cnsume much mre energy than the newer nes that d the same things.
T figure ut hw much pwer these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her clleagues at the Rchester Institute f Technlgy in New Yrk eq \a\vs4\al(tracked) the envirnmental csts fr each prduct thrughut its life—frm when its minerals are mined t when we stp using the device. This methd prvided a readut fr hw hme energy use has eq \a\vs4\al(evlved) since the early 1990s. Devices were eq \a\vs4\al(gruped) by generatin. Desktp cmputers, basic mbile phnes, and bx-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived n the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phnes, and LCD TVs entered hmes in 2002, befre tablets and e-readers shwed up in 2007.
As we accumulated mre devices, hwever, we didn't thrw ut ur ld nes. “The living-rm televisin is replaced and gets eq \a\vs4\al(planted) in the kids' rm, and suddenly ne day, yu have a TV in every rm f the huse，” said ne researcher. The average number f electrnic devices rse frm fur per eq \a\vs4\al(husehld) in 1992 t 13 in 2007. We're nt just keeping these ld devices—we cntinue t use them. Accrding t the analysis f Babbitt's team, ld desktp eq \a\vs4\al(mnitrs) and bx TVs with cathde ray tubes are the wrst devices with their energy eq \a\vs4\al(cnsumptin) and cntributin t greenhuse gas emissins (排放) mre than eq \a\vs4\al(dubling) during the 1992 t 2007 windw.
S what's the slutin (解決方案)? The team's data nly went up t 2007,
but the researchers als explred what wuld happen if cnsumers replaced ld prducts with new electrnics that serve mre than ne functin, such as a tablet fr wrd prcessing and TV viewing. They fund that mre n-demand entertainment viewing n tablets instead f TVs and desktp cmputers culd cut energy cnsumptin by 44%.
1.What des the authr eq \a\vs4\al(think f new devices)？
A. They are envirnment-friendly.
B. They are n better than the ld.
C. They cst mre t use at hme.
D. They g ut f style quickly.
2.Why did eq \a\vs4\al(Babbitt's team cnduct the research)？
A. T reduce the cst f minerals.
B. T test the life cycle f a prduct.
C. T update cnsumers n new technlgy.
D. T find ut electricity cnsumptin f the devices.
3.Which f the fllwing uses the least energy?
A. The bx-set TV.B. The tablet.
C. The LCD TV.D. The desktp cmputer.
4.What des the text suggest peple d abut ld electrnic devices?
A. Stp using them.B. Take them apart.
C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.
答案與解析：1.A 2.D 3.B 4.A
1.第一段最后一句提出舊設(shè)備比新設(shè)備更消耗能力，由此可知正確選項(xiàng)。
2.第二段第一句就點(diǎn)出了該團(tuán)隊(duì)的研究目的。
3.根據(jù)文章主旨(新設(shè)備消耗能源少)，結(jié)合尾段最后一句可知正確答案。
4.根據(jù)主旨“新電子設(shè)備比舊電子設(shè)備環(huán)?！保Y(jié)合最后一段的解決方案，即可得出答案。
【技巧釋義】分析措辭確定觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度
?速讀首段查找主題句，確定說明對象
as引導(dǎo)的從句是主題句，說明舊設(shè)備要比新設(shè)備更消耗能量。(可解第1題)
?速讀全文查找說明順序和方法
本文以提出現(xiàn)象→分析現(xiàn)象→提出解決辦法的順序呈現(xiàn)。
①第2段說明研究人員的研究目的和對電子產(chǎn)品的時(shí)代分類(可解第2題)
②第3段說明研究人員對新舊電子產(chǎn)品耗能和溫室氣體排放的分析(可解第3題)
?提出解決方法
研究人員對利用新設(shè)備耗能的探索結(jié)果(可解第4題)
?微技能 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題
定位相關(guān)表感情色彩的詞語和句子，推斷作者觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度
【詞匯積累】
evlve vi.&vt.逐步形成；逐漸演變
husehld n.家庭
cnsumptin n.消耗；消費(fèi)
utdated adj.過時(shí)的
grup vt.將……分類
plant vt.穩(wěn)固地放置
mnitr n.顯示器，監(jiān)測儀
track vt.追蹤；記錄
duble vi.加倍
【技巧演練】（建議用時(shí)：45分鐘）
1
Mdeste Trare has lived his whle life near Lake Wegnia, in the Sahel area f Mali. The lake’s fish have prvided him with a way t earn mney t supprt his extended family. Hw-ever, because he can’t catch enugh fish t feed his family, he nw raises farm animals. But as temperatures rise, evapratin increases, making the bdy f water shrinks. Studies have linked rising temperatures n Earth’s surface t climate change.
The lake is shrinking, s are the chances f his children becming fishermen. “If things g n like this, I dn’t think ur children can becme fishermen like us. They will have t chse ther jbs,” the 56-year-ld Trare said. “During the rainy seasn, there is a lt f water but as sn as it’s ver, there is n water left in the lake. We are fishermen. I dn’t think ur children will be,” he said.
Lake Wegnia is in the Sahel regin f Kulikr, arund 120 kilmeters nrth f Mali’s capital, Bamak. Sme 12,000 peple, including fishermen and farmers, depend n it fr fd, water and emplyment. But the lake has shrunk by 20 percent since 2017.
The UN expects temperatures there t increase 1.5 times higher than the average increase wrldwide. UN fficials nte that the flding and a severe lack f rainfall can cause prblems in the Sahel: Fd insecurity, the fight ver farmland and the fast ppulatin grwth can lead t cnflict.
Aid grup is leading the Ec-Lac Wegnia prject. The grup is wrking t imprve water management and fight the effects f glbal warming. Mussa Savagd is Ec-Lac Wegnia’s lcal representative. He says that failing t make changes quickly can mean the lake will disappear cmpletely in less than 5 years.
Peple in the rural areas Wegnia and Knni-Sirakr have planted 56,000 trees in the past tw years. And they are better cntrlling their water by building stne barriers t help the sil keep the rain that des fall. The prgress and internatinal fficial supprt are nt enugh fr them, hwever. Mre and mre peple are turning t ther agriculture.
1.Hw did Trare wrk t supprt his family in the past?
A.By fishing.B.By raising farm animals.
C.By taking charge f the lake.D.By wrking as an envirnmentalist.
2.What effect will the current trend f the lake have accrding t Trare?
A.A lt f farmland will frm.
B.The rainy seasn will end early.
C.Many fishermen will flee their hmes.
D.The later generatin will change their careers.
3.Which statement d the UN and Aid grup agree with?
A.Drught and fld will directly cause cnflict.
B.Reducing ppulatin is a way t prtect the lake.
C.Water management makes n difference t the lake.
D.The rise in temperature will cause water resurce prblems.
4.What des the underlined wrd “they” in the last paragraph refer t?
A.The lcal fficials.B.The Aid grup members.
C.The villagers.D.The representatives.
【答案】
【分析】
本文是說明文。馬里不斷縮小的湖泊意味著漁民家庭的末日。隨著氣溫升高和蒸發(fā)的增加，水體萎縮導(dǎo)致湖泊逐漸縮小，漁民的孩子成為漁民的機(jī)會(huì)也在減少。
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段 “The lake’s fish have prvided him with a way t earn mney t supprt his extended family. Hw-ever, because he can’t catch enugh fish t feed his family, he nw raises farm animals.”（湖中的魚為他提供了賺錢養(yǎng)家的途徑。然而，由于他捕不到足夠的魚來養(yǎng)活家人，他現(xiàn)在飼養(yǎng)農(nóng)場動(dòng)物。）可知，在過去，Trare靠捕魚養(yǎng)家。故選A。
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中 “ ‘If things g n like this, I dn’t think ur children can becme fishermen like us. They will have t chse ther jbs,’ he 56-year-ld Trare said.”（“如果這樣下去，我想我們的孩子可能成為不了我們這樣的漁民了。他們將不得不選擇其他工作，”56歲的特拉奧雷說。）可知，下一代人將會(huì)選擇其他的職業(yè)。故選D。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段 “UN fficials nte that the flding and a severe lack f rainfall can cause prblems in the Sahel: Fd insecurity, the fight ver farmland and the fast ppulatin grwth can lead t cnflict.”（聯(lián)合國官員指出，洪水和嚴(yán)重缺雨會(huì)給薩赫勒地區(qū)帶來問題：糧食不安全、農(nóng)田爭奪和人口快速增長都可能導(dǎo)致沖突。）可知，可知溫度上升會(huì)導(dǎo)致水資源的問題。故選D。
4.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文“Peple in the rural areas Wegnia and Knni-Sirakr have planted 56,000 trees in the past tw years.”（在Wegnia和Knni-Sirakr農(nóng)村地區(qū)的人們在過去兩年里種植了56000棵樹。）以及下文“Mre and mre peple are turning t ther agriculture.”（ 越來越多的人轉(zhuǎn)向其他農(nóng)業(yè)。）可知這里指的是這些村民通過建造石頭屏障來使土壤保持雨水，從而更好地控制水分。所以they指的是村民。故選C。
2
Bredm is smething t experience. If kids dn't figure this ut early n, they're in fr an unpleasant surprise. Schl, let's face it, can be dull and it isn't actually the teacher's jb t entertain as well as educate. -
In a much-read stry, The Relentlessness f Mdem Parenting, Claire Cain Miller referred t a recent study that fund regardless f class, incme r race, parents believed that "children wh were bred after schl shuld take part in extracurricular activities, and that parents wh were busy shuld stp their task and draw with their children if asked."
Parents preparing fr a lng car ride are like army fficers planning a cmplex land maneuver（(演 習(xí))）with the help f games and mvies played n iPad and smartphnes. What did parents in the 1970s d when kids were bred? Nthing! They let them breathe in gas fumes. And since it wasn't actually fr wearing, play with the brken safety belt. If yu cmplained abut being bred back then, yu were really asking fr it. "Clean yur rm," yu might get. Was this fun? N. Was it helpful? Yes.
Because things happen when yu're bred. Sme f the mst bring jbs I've had were als the mst creative. While checking ut fd at the supermarket, I invented stries abut peple's purchases. The man buying eggplant and a six-pack f beer at 9 p.m.: Which was the must-get thing and which the impulse purchase? Hw did my frmer fifth-grade teacher feel abut my bserving her weekly purchase f ckies?
The ability t handle bredm, nt surprisingly, is assciated with the ability t fcus. Research has shwn that peple with attentin disrders are particularly pr in handling bredm.
It's especially imprtant that kids get bred and be allwed t stay bred when they be yung. It shuldn't be cnsidered "a prblem" t be avided r remved by the higher-ups, but instead smething kids handle n their wn. We've stpped training children t d this. Rather than teach them t understand material that is duller, teachers spend mre time inventing ways t "attract" students. But surely teaching children t stand bredm will prepare them fr a mre realistic future.
5.What is the finding f the study mentined by Claire Cain Miller?
A.Schl kids find it hard t stand bredm.
B.Peple are t busy t draw with their kids.
C.Extracurricular activities are gaining ppularity.
D.Parents are trying their best t make their kids have fun.
6.What did parents in the 1970s usually d when kids were bred n a lng car ride?
A.They played with them.
B.They left them alne.
C.They tld them abut famus mvies.
D.They asked them t pay attentin t safety.
7.Why des the authr share her experience at the supermarket?
A.T shw custmers' purchasing habits.
B.T shw what a difficult life she was living.
C.T shw bredm and jbs g hand in hand.
D.T shw the link between bredm and creativity.
8.What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A.Kids have enugh funB.Life is a bring jurney
C.Let kids get bred againD.Turn bredm int entertainment
【答案】
【分析】
這是一篇說明文。文章通過講述實(shí)驗(yàn)和自身經(jīng)歷說明需要教會(huì)孩子們?nèi)淌軣o聊。
【詳解】
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“children wh were bred after schl shuld take part in extracurricular activities, and that parents wh were busy shuld stp their task and draw with their children if asked”（放學(xué)后感到無聊的孩子應(yīng)該參加課外活動(dòng)，而忙碌的家長如果被要求，應(yīng)該停下手中的工作，和孩子一起畫畫）可知，Claire Cain Miller提及的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)父母盡他們最大的努力讓他們的孩子有樂趣。故選D。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句第三句“What did parents in the 1970s d when kids were bred? Nthing! ”（上世紀(jì)70年代，當(dāng)孩子們無聊時(shí)，父母們會(huì)做什么?什么都不做!）可知，上世紀(jì)70年代父母在孩子們無聊時(shí)不會(huì)管他們。故選B。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句第二句“Because things happen when yu're bred. Sme f the mst bring jbs I've had were als the mst creative. ”（因?yàn)楫?dāng)你無聊的時(shí)候，事情就會(huì)發(fā)生。我所做過的一些最無聊的工作卻也是最有創(chuàng)造力的。）可知，作者分享自己在超市的經(jīng)歷的目的是展示無聊和創(chuàng)造力之間的聯(lián)系。故選D。
4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句“Rather than teach them t understand material that is duller, teachers spend mre time inventing ways t "attract" students. But surely teaching children t stand bredm will prepare them fr a mre realistic future.”（老師們花更多的時(shí)間發(fā)明方法來“吸引”學(xué)生，而不是教他們?nèi)ダ斫饽切┛菰餆o味的材料。但毫無疑問，教會(huì)孩子們?nèi)淌軣o聊會(huì)讓他們?yōu)楦F(xiàn)實(shí)的未來做好準(zhǔn)備。）可知，本文的主要意圖是提倡教會(huì)孩子們?nèi)淌軣o聊。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“許孩子們感到無聊”。故選C。
3
U. S. cherries, watermelns and sme ther summertime favrites may depend n wild bees mre than previusly thught.
Many farms in the United States use managed hneybees t pllinate (授粉) crps and increase the ttal amunt f crps, smetimes trucking beehives (蜂箱) frm farm t farm. Nw an analysis f seven crps acrss Nrth America shws that wild bees can play a rle in crp pllinatin t, even n cnventinal farms with managed hneybees. Wild vlunteers add at least $1.5 billin in ttal t the harvest fr six f the crps, a new study estimates.
“T me, the big surprise was that we fund s many wild bees even in intense prductin areas where much f the prduce in the USA is grwn, says Rachael Winfree, a pllinatin eclgist at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, N. J.
That means threats t wild bees culd deplete prfits even when farms raise hneybees, the researchers reprted n July 29 in Prceedings f the Ryal Sciety. Bth hneybees, which aren’t native t the United States, and wild pllinatrs such as bumblebees face dangers including pesticides (殺蟲劑).
T see what, if anything, wild native bee species cntribute, researchers checked bee visits t flwers at 131 cmmercial farm fields acrss the United States and part f Canada. On the ther hand, the researchers als calculated t what extent the number f bee visits limited prductin. These intensive farms with plenty f fertilizer, water and ther resurces ften shwed signs f reaching a pllinatr limit, meaning fields didn’t have enugh hneybees t get the maximum prductin, and vlunteer wild bees were adding t the ttal. Then the team estimated what percentage f the prductin native bees were adding — versus just ding what hneybees wuld have dne anyway.
“Wild bees dn’t seem t help Califrnia’s rchards (果園)，but based n rchards in Michigan and Pennsylvania, sme $ 1. 06 billin f apples depends n native pllinatrs,” the researchers say. Watermelns, particularly in Flrida, get an estimated $146 millin benefit, and sweet cherries $ 145 millin.
9.Why are the wild bees imprtant t the crps accrding t the text?
A.It helps t pllinate and imprve the crps utput.
B.It is helpful t raise managed hneybees.
C.It is helpful t maintain healthy ecsystem.
D.It helps t prtect native bee species.
10.What des the underlined wrd “deplete” in paragraph 4 mean?
A.Pursue.B.Make.C.Keep.D.Reduce.
11.Why did researchers check bee visits t flwers?
A.T wrk ut the number f wild native bees.
B.T make it clear why fields dn’t have enugh bees.
C.T shw hw imprtant the managed bees are t intensive farms.
D.T figure ut what wild native bees benefit farm utput.
12.What is the purpse f the text?
A.T draw peple’s attentin t farm utput.
B.T discuss why bees can increase the harvest.
C.T shw wild bees may cntribute t the crp harvest.
D.T intrduce hw hney bees and wild bees pllinate crps.
【答案】
【分析】
這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究人員通過研究野蜂對農(nóng)作物授粉和提高作物產(chǎn)量方面的信息，試圖找出野蜂是否對農(nóng)作物收成有貢獻(xiàn)。
9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Nw an analysis f seven crps acrss Nrth America shws that wild bees can play a rle in crp pllinatin t, even n cnventinal farms with managed hneybees. Wild vlunteers add at least $1.5 billin in ttal t the harvest fr six f the crps, a new study estimates.（現(xiàn)在，一項(xiàng)對北美七種作物的分析顯示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中發(fā)揮作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場。一項(xiàng)新的研究估計(jì)，它們?yōu)榱N作物的收成至少增加了15億美元。）”可知，野蜂對農(nóng)作物很重要，因?yàn)樗兄谑诜酆吞岣咦魑锂a(chǎn)量。故選A項(xiàng)。
10.詞句猜測題。第二段說一項(xiàng)對北美七種作物的分析顯示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中發(fā)揮作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場。一項(xiàng)新的研究估計(jì)，它們?yōu)榱N作物的收成至少增加了15億美元，再根據(jù)畫線詞后的“ Bth hneybees, which aren’t native t the United States, and wild pllinatrs such as bumblebees face dangers including pesticides (殺蟲劑).”可知，非美國本土的蜜蜂和大黃蜂等野生授粉者都面臨著包括殺蟲劑在內(nèi)的危險(xiǎn)，由講述非美國本土的蜜蜂和野生傳粉者面臨殺蟲劑在內(nèi)的危險(xiǎn)，這種威脅自然會(huì)減少利潤，由此可知畫線詞詞義為為“減少，消耗”。故選D項(xiàng)。
11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“T see what, if anything, wild native bee species cntribute, researchers checked bee visits t flwers at 131 cmmercial farm fields acrss the United States and part f Canada.（為了了解野生本土蜜蜂是否有貢獻(xiàn)，研究人員在美國和加拿大部分地區(qū)的131個(gè)商業(yè)農(nóng)場中檢查了蜜蜂到訪花卉的情況。）”可知，研究人員要檢查蜜蜂到訪花叢的情況，是想找出野生本地蜜蜂對農(nóng)場產(chǎn)出有什么好處。故選D項(xiàng)。
12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“ Nw an analysis f seven crps acrss Nrth America shws that wild bees can play a rle in crp pllinatin t, even n cnventinal farms with managed hneybees. Wild vlunteers add at least $1.5 billin in ttal t the harvest fr six f the crps, a new study estimates.（現(xiàn)在，一項(xiàng)對北美7種作物的分析顯示，野蜜蜂也能在作物授粉中發(fā)揮作用，即使是在有管理蜜蜂的傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場。一項(xiàng)新的研究估計(jì)，它們?yōu)榱N作物的收獲至少增加了15億美元。）可知，文章介紹了研究人員通過研究野蜂對農(nóng)作物授粉和提高作物產(chǎn)量方面的信息，試圖找出野蜂是否對農(nóng)作物收成有貢獻(xiàn)，因此文章的目的是展示野蜂可能對農(nóng)作物收成有貢獻(xiàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。
4
Over the last 25 years, psychlgists have fund that persnalities center n five basic traits(特性) — the Big Five: agreeableness, cnscientiusness (責(zé)任心), neurticism, extrversin and penness. Cntrary t cmmn belief, peple just aren’t rganized int certain persnality types. Every trait is a cntinuus dimensin and everyne can be described as having varying levels f each trait. A new research has als fund animals frm ants t apes all have the Big Five and that the universality f persnality pints t an evlutinary (進(jìn)化) rigin.
Animals and humans have cmmn prblems f survival, which are spelled ut beautifully in the Big Five, and that’s why there’s s much cntinuity in human persnality and animal persnality. Fr example, cnscientiusness invlves behavirs like planning and cnsideratin, which are imprtant amng animals fr taking care f their yung, selecting mates and living in grups. Being neat and rderly — aspects f cnscientiusness-als has evlutinary superirity. Bees that like t keep clean and remve mre dead grup members reduce risk f disease, gain mre weight and reprduce mre Spiders that make tidy webs catch mre insects. Birds that build neater and slider nests attract mre mates.
These behavirs may seem primitive, but they’re nevertheless indicatins f persnality. Persnality is the expressin f all f the behavirs that humans and animals exhibit that allw them t functin adaptively in the wrld.
Evlutin can als explain why persnalities vary s much. Depending n the situatin, each f the Big Five can be advantageus. Fr example, agreeableness is great fr relatinships. But if a lin were charging at yu, yu’d be better ff with a less agreeable and mre aggressive persnality. Because the wrld is s unpredictable, every aspect f each persnality trait culd be useful at different times, s instead f evlving a single type f persnality that’s best fr every situatin, we’re left with a wide variety.
13.What d peple generally think abut persnality types?
A.Different persnality types have respective strengths.
B.Everyne falls int a particular persnality type.
C.Peple with cmmn persnality types gather,
D.Everyne has mixed persnality types.
14.What’s the purpse f mentining sme animals in Paragraph 2?
A.T illustrate the advantages f being cnscientius.
B.T analyze survival chances f cperative animals.
C.T explain why they are tidy and rderly.
D.T thrw new light n their behavir.
15.Why d we display a certain persnality in a specific situatin?
A.T be free f truble.
B.T be adaptive t circumstances.
C.T cmpete fr equal rights.
D.T gain advantages ver thers.
16.What des the text mainly fcus n?
A.Persnality and behavir.
B.Categries f Big Five.
C.Cntradictry facts n persnality.
D.Diversity and variability f persnality.
【答案】
【分析】
本文是說明文。在過去的25年里，心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，人格主要集中在五種基本特征上——大五類人格：宜人性、盡責(zé)性、神經(jīng)質(zhì)、外向性和開放性。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，從螞蟻到猿類，所有動(dòng)物都有大五人格，這種個(gè)性的普遍性指向了一個(gè)進(jìn)化起源。每種人格特征的每個(gè)方面都可能在不同的時(shí)間有用，所以我們沒有進(jìn)化出一種適合每種情況的單一人格類型，而是留下了多種多樣的個(gè)性。
13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Cntrary t cmmn belief, peple just aren’t rganized int certain persnality types. (與普遍的看法相反，人們并不是按照特定的性格類型組織起來的)可推知，人們通常認(rèn)為每個(gè)人都屬于某種特定的性格類型。故選B。
14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的Animals and humans have cmmn prblems f survival, which are spelled ut beautifully in the Big Five, and that’s why there’s s much cntinuity in human persnality and animal persnality. (動(dòng)物和人類都有共同的生存問題，這在大五類人格中被完美地闡述了出來，這就是為什么人類和動(dòng)物的人格具有如此多的連續(xù)性)及隨后提到了一些動(dòng)物的例子可推知，在第二段中提到一些動(dòng)物的目的是為了對它們的行為進(jìn)行新的解釋。故選A。
15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Depending n the situatin, each f the Big Five can be advantageus. Fr example, agreeableness is great fr relatinships. But if a lin were charging at yu, yu’d be better ff with a less agreeable and mre aggressive persnality. (視情況而定，大五類人格中的每一個(gè)都可能是有利的。例如，宜人性對人際關(guān)系很重要。但如果獅子向你沖來，你最好選擇一個(gè)不那么隨和、更具攻擊性的個(gè)性)可推知，我們表現(xiàn)出特定的個(gè)性是為了適應(yīng)特定的環(huán)境。故選B。
16.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的Over the last 25 years, psychlgists have fund that persnalities center n five basic traits(特性) — the Big Five: agreeableness, cnscientiusness (責(zé)任心), neurticism, extrversin and penness.(在過去的25年里，心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，人格主要集中在五種基本特征上——大五類人格：宜人性、盡責(zé)性、神經(jīng)質(zhì)、外向性和開放性)及最后一段中的Because the wrld is s unpredictable, every aspect f each persnality trait culd be useful at different times, s instead f evlving a single type f persnality that’s best fr every situatin, we’re left with a wide variety. (因?yàn)槭澜缡侨绱瞬豢深A(yù)測，每種人格特征的每個(gè)方面都可能在不同的時(shí)間有用，所以我們沒有進(jìn)化出一種適合每種情況的單一人格類型，而是留下了多種多樣的個(gè)性)可知，文章主要論述了人格的多樣性和可變性。故選D。
考情分析
這類試題常出現(xiàn)在環(huán)境保護(hù)類說明文中，此類文章往往是現(xiàn)象類說明文，這樣的說明文主題句常位于首段首句。在閱讀文章時(shí)應(yīng)先確定說明文的順序和方法，再瀏覽題干，結(jié)合題干要求在文中尋找答題線索，確定答案。
考查角度
?？疾橹髦即笠忸}、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題或?qū)懽饕鈭D題。

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