代詞和不定代詞1. It's an either-or situation-you can take on-line classes at home or have classes in the school, but you can't do_________.A. others B. both C. another D. either【答案解析】B【詳解】考查不定代詞。句意:這是一種非此即彼的情況——你可以在家上網(wǎng)絡(luò)課,也可以在學(xué)校上課,但你不能兩者兼得。A. others其他人;B. both兩個都;C. another 另一個;D. either兩者之一。not…both“不是兩者兼有”,是部分否定,根據(jù)take on-line classes at home or have classes in the school可知,你不能兩者兼得,故選B項。2. Education reform has swept across schools, bringing with ______ new opportunities for students to develop in an all-round way.A. one B. it C. them D. those【答案解析】B【詳解】考查代詞辨析。句意:教育改革已經(jīng)席卷了學(xué)校,隨之而來的是學(xué)生全面發(fā)展的新機會。one代指與前文所提事物同類的事物,不合題意,排除選項A;them和those代指的是名詞復(fù)數(shù),但教育改革是單數(shù),排除選項C和D;it代指前文中提到的同一個事物且為單數(shù),故選B。3. All the information available has been checked, but ________ is directly relevant to this murder case.A. nothing B. it C. no one D. none【答案解析】D【詳解】考查代詞辨析。句意:所有可用的信息都已經(jīng)檢查過,但沒有一個與該謀殺案有直接的關(guān)系。A. nothing沒有什么;B.it它;C. no one沒有人;D. none沒有一個(人或事物)。no one 只用于指人。all表示“全部的”,but表示轉(zhuǎn)折,all 的否定應(yīng)使用none,即可以理解為“none of the information is directly relevant to this murder case”,而nothing不與of連用。故選D。4. — Learn from past mistakes or history is bound torepeat________.— Thank you for your reminding.A. it B. that C. something D. itself【答案解析】D【詳解】考查反身代詞。句意:從過去的錯誤中學(xué)習(xí),否則歷史必然會重演。根據(jù)句意可知,在這句話中主語是history,賓語也是history,所以用反身代詞itself指代“歷史本身”。故此題選D。5. The application of AI technologies in health care industry is in an initial stage compared with_______ in automatic driving.A. it B. that C. those D. ones【答案解析】B【詳解】考查代詞。句意:人工智能技術(shù)在醫(yī)療產(chǎn)業(yè)中的應(yīng)用相較于在自動駕駛領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用,還處在初始階段。分析句子可知,空白處所指的仍是前句中的The application of AI technologies,是不可數(shù)名詞,這時要用that來指代已提過的名詞以避免重復(fù)。故選B項。6. In public places, improved child-care facilities will benefit ________ genders, not just women.A. both B. all C. either D. other【答案解析】A試題分析:句意:在公共場所,改善托兒設(shè)施將受益于兩性,而不僅僅是婦女。A. both兩個;B. all所有,指三者以上;C. either 二選一;D. other其他的 ,gender是性別,結(jié)合句意可知是男女,故選A。7. See things in a negative light and you will find faults everywhere and problems where there are really _______.A. none B. no one C. something D. nothing【答案解析】A【詳解】考查不定代詞的用法。句意:你用消極的眼光看待事物,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)到處都是錯誤,而實際上根本沒有什么問題。A. none無,沒有;B. no one沒有人;C. something某事;D. nothing什么都沒有。none暗示一種數(shù)量,即在數(shù)量上“一個也沒有”。故選A。8. My brother would like to buy a good watch but _______ was available from that shop.A. nothing B. noneC. no one D. neither【答案解析】B【詳解】考查代詞辨析。句意:我哥哥想買一塊好表,但那家商店沒有一塊合適的。A.nothing沒有東西;B.none一個也沒有;C.no one沒有人;D.neither兩者都不。由前文的“to buy a good watch”可知,想買一塊好手表,結(jié)果一塊也沒買到,強調(diào)數(shù)量時應(yīng)該用“none”。故選B。9. To win the trust of the employees, your factory should see to________that accounts and operations are as transparent as possible.A. it B. them C. you D. one【答案解析】A【詳解】考查it做形式賓語。句意:為了贏得員工的信任,你的工廠應(yīng)該確保賬目和操作盡可能透明。see to意為“確保,務(wù)必”,此處it是形式賓語,真正的賓語是that accounts and operations are as transparent as possible,故選A項。10. If it’s possible to be famous and yet not really well known, ______ describes the father who raised me.A. what B. which C. that D. where【答案解析】C【詳解】考查代詞。句意:我的父親聲名在外,但又不是眾所周知。這就是養(yǎng)育我的父親。此處是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,主句缺少主語,所以空格處用that做整個主句的主語。故選C。11. The Amazon rainforest is considered the lungs of Earth, much of ______ located in BrazilA. which B. what C. it D. that【答案解析】C【詳解】考查代詞。句意:亞馬遜雨林被認(rèn)為是地球的肺,大部分位于巴西。此處The Amazon rainforest是句子主語,located是過去分詞,其邏輯主語是much of it,這里是過去分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),而不是定語從句,用it代替The Amazon rainforest。故選C。12. The overall consumption scale is expected to reach 201 billion yuan this year, meaning an increase of 18.5 percent over ________ of 2018.A. that B. it C. the one D. those【答案解析】A【詳解】考查代詞。句意:今年,整體消費規(guī)模有望達(dá)到2010億元,這意味著比2018年增加18.5%。分析句子可知,空白處指代“今年的整體消費規(guī)模”,與“2018年的的整體消費規(guī)模”是同一類,但不是同一個,要用that指代。the one 不能只代不可數(shù)名詞。故選A項。【點睛】代詞one, it that的用法:1.one, it, that常常用來代替或避免重復(fù)某個名詞。例如:①I'm looking for a flat. I'd really like one with a garden.②-Where did you find your watch? - I find it in our classroom.③The population of China is larger than that of any other country.2.one可指人或物,只替代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,復(fù)數(shù)用ones. One是泛指,但有限定修飾語,如the, this, that…修飾就變成了特指。如:①One must do one's duty.②Mary has a red pencil and Jane has a blue one.③The new designs are much better than the old ones. 3.that只指物,不指人,可替代可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,具有“特指”性質(zhì)。指的是同類事物中的另一樣?xùn)|西,即同類異物。如:The library of our school is bigger than that of yours.(that代替的是另一個圖書館。)4.One 和that 在代替可數(shù)名詞時,如果沒有前置定語只有后置定語時,the one 和that可互換。但該名詞如有前置定語,則只能用the one,而不能用that。例如:①I will take the seat next to the one(=that)by the window.我就坐窗口的那個座位旁邊。②I prefer the large box to the small one.(one 不可用that替換 )。5.That的復(fù)數(shù)形式those代替可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)??芍溉嘶蛭?,一般后面跟修飾語。如:①Today's cellphones are smaller than those(=the ones)used in the past.②The students who do best in exam are not always those(=the ones) with the best brains.6.the one(ones)或 that ,those 指代某一名詞做定語從句的先行詞時,其關(guān)系代詞which在that之后,which不能省,而在the one、ones 之后,which可省略。如:①Their problem today is somewhat similar to that which they faced many years ago.7.代替不可數(shù)名詞時,應(yīng)該用that。如:The equipment is different from that.8.it代替上文所提到的名詞時,是指同類事物中的同一樣?xùn)|西,即同類事物。如:I have lost my pen. I'm looking for it.9.it和that可代替前面整個句子的意思,而one卻不能;that可引導(dǎo)一個限定性定語從句,代替某個先行詞(單復(fù)數(shù)名詞均可),it和one則不能;it可代替不定式、動名詞或從句,用作形式主語或形式賓語,也可用于強調(diào)句型中,而one和that則不能。如:①-I will make bed for you. –It is very kind of you.②Jim said he had read my novel.But that was not possible.③A clock is an instrument that tells time.④The students that surf the Internet will be punished by the teacher.⑤It is nice to see you again.⑥It is no use calling her up.⑦I found it impossible for me to pass the test.⑧It was I who broke your window.13. Never shall I forget that poem and the inspiration provided for my first novel.A. which B. thatC. it D. what【答案解析】C試題分析:C考查代詞。我永遠(yuǎn)也不能忘記這首詩歌和它給我的第一本小說給我的靈感。這里inspiration后面是定語從句,關(guān)系代詞省。定語從句還缺少主語the poem,用it特指前面的that poem,所以選C。14. If you see things in a negative light, you will find faults everywhere and problems where there are really ________.A. none B. someC. many D. nothing【答案解析】A【詳解】考查代詞辨析。句意:如果你用消極的眼光看待事物,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)到處都是錯誤,到處都是問題。A. none沒有任何東西;B. some一些;C. many許多;D. nothing無事,無物。此處指沒有問題的地方也有問題,故選A。15. The natural environment should be protected because of the important role _______ plays in human survival and development.A. which B. the oneC. it D. that【答案解析】C考查代詞。句意:自然環(huán)境應(yīng)該被保護,因為它在人類生存和發(fā)展方面起著重要作用。此處用it指代The natural environment,在從句中作主語,it用于替代上文出現(xiàn)的同一事物,所指的是同名同物;one用于替代上文提到的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),表示泛指;that用于替代上文出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,表特指。one和that所指的是同名異物。不能用which,如果是which的話,那構(gòu)成定語從句,先行詞是role,但這不符合語境。故只能選C。16. —-What do you think of Steven Hawking?—-Despite his disabled body, he was a man of scientific nature, _____worthy of admiration.A. one B. who C. that D. this【答案解析】A【詳解】考查代詞。句意:——你認(rèn)為霍金怎么樣?——盡管身體殘疾,但他是一個具有科學(xué)天性的人,一個值得尊敬的人。A. one一個,代詞;B. who誰;C. that那個;D. this這個。分析句子可知,此處用one作為a man of scientific nature的同位語,worthy of admiration作為one的后置定語,故選A項。17. The building of an ecological civilization has entered a critical period, _________that requires more quality products to meet people’s demand.A. it B. that C. one D. the one【答案解析】C【詳解】考查代詞辨析。句意:生態(tài)文明的建設(shè)已進(jìn)入一個關(guān)鍵時期,需要更多的優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品來滿足人們的需求。此處做a critical period的同位語,泛指“一個關(guān)鍵時期”,泛指上文提到可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),應(yīng)使用代詞one。it指同一事物;that特指上文提到的名詞;the one表示特指。故選C。【點睛】it/ one/ that/ the one均可用作代詞,指代前面提到的名詞。一般說來,it指代同名同物;one與that則指代同名異物,one代指單數(shù)名詞表泛指,that代指單數(shù)名詞表特指=the one。如本題中的代詞做a critical period的同位語,泛指“一個關(guān)鍵時期”,應(yīng)使用代詞one。18. The police searched his bedroom and found his phone—___________we’d been messaging.A. something B. one C. the one D. someone【答案解析】C【詳解】考查代詞。句意:警察搜查了他的臥室,發(fā)現(xiàn)了他的手機——就是我們一直在發(fā)短信的那個。A. something某事;B. one一個(表泛指);C. the one這/那個(表特指); D. someone某人。由句意可知,此處特指手機,應(yīng)用the one。故選C項。19. The information tells me that the way of education in Canada is quite different from _____ in China.A. one B. it C. that D. those【答案解析】C【詳解】考查代詞。句意:這條信息告訴我在加拿大的教育方式和中國的教育方式很不一樣。前后比較的是教育方式,用that指代the加名詞。A .one是泛指一個,B.it 指的是同一個東西,D .those指代the 加名詞復(fù)數(shù),故選C。20. After work I went to the box office to buy the tickets for My People, My Country, only to be told there was ___left.A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither【答案解析】B【詳解】考查代詞辨析。句意:下班以后我去買《我的人民,我的國家》的票,結(jié)果被告知沒有票剩下了。Nothing滅什么,指物;none沒什么,既可以指人也可以指物,有特定的范圍限制。no one=nobody指人。nether指兩者都不。根據(jù)句意是指票沒有了,有票這個范圍限制。故B正確。