2020版高考新創(chuàng)新一輪復習英語北師大版學案：選修7Unit21HumanBiology-學案下載-教習網(wǎng)

一、課前基礎(chǔ)自查

(一)分類記單詞——省時高效
Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(知其意)
1．interval n．　　　間隔；間歇
2．enhance vt. 增強；提高
3．supreme adj. (程度)最大的，極度的
4．compulsory adj. 強制性的，義務(wù)的
5．controversial adj. 有爭議的
6．contradict vt. 與(其他事物)相矛盾
7．interpret vt. 翻譯；解釋
8．impulse n. 脈沖
9．complicated adj. 復雜的
10．a(chǎn)mple adj. 充足的，充裕的
11．storage n. 儲存
12．a(chǎn)cute adj. 嚴重的；劇烈的
13．statistics n. 統(tǒng)計資料；統(tǒng)計數(shù)字
14．a(chǎn)daptation n. 變化；變種
15．mourn vi.& vt. 感到悲痛；表示哀悼
16．prescription n. 處方
17．systematic adj. 系統(tǒng)化的
18．temporary adj. 臨時的；短暫的
19．terminal adj. 致命的；晚期的
20．minimum n. 最低；最小
21.extension n．　　延期
22．sceptical adj. 懷疑的
23．a(chǎn)bsurd adj. 荒謬的；不合理的
Ⅱ.重點單詞(寫其形)
1．circulate vi.　　　循環(huán)
2．digest vt. 消化
3．a(chǎn)buse vt. 濫用
4．fundamental adj. 根本的；基礎(chǔ)的
5．seek vt. 尋找
6．submit vt. 提交
7．postpone vt. 延期，推遲，延遲
8．identify vt. 確定；認出，識別
9．symptom n. 癥狀；征兆
10．weekly adj. 每周一次的
11．decline vi. 下降
12．firm n. 商行，公司
13．rate n. 比率
14．deadline n. 截止日期，最后日期
15．vote vi. 表決
16．circumstance n. 情形；情況
Ⅲ.拓展單詞(通其變)
1．tolerate vt.容忍→tolerant adj.寬容的；容忍的→tolerance n．容忍
2．oppose vt.反對→opposite adj.相反的；反對的→opposition n．相反→opposed adj.相反的，對立的
3．privileged adj.榮幸的→privilege n．特權(quán)；優(yōu)惠，優(yōu)待
4．enquiry n．詢問→enquire v．詢問，調(diào)查
5．prohibit vt.禁止→prohibition n．禁止；禁令→prohibitive adj.禁止的
6．unite vt.聯(lián)合；團結(jié)；統(tǒng)一→union n．團結(jié)→united adj.團結(jié)的
7．equip vt.使有準備→equipment n．裝備；設(shè)備
8．fortune n．大筆錢財，巨款→fortunate adj.幸運的→fortunately adv.幸運地→unfortunate adj.不幸的→misfortune n．不幸
9．concern n．擔心；擔憂→concerned adj.關(guān)心的，牽掛的；有關(guān)的→concerning prep.關(guān)于
10．a(chǎn)nnual adj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的→annually adv.一年一次地，每年地，年度地
[語境活用]
1．Tom is often fortunate. Last year he went to Shanghai to try his fortune. Fortunately he met and married his girlfriend there.(fortune)
2．I admire you for your tolerance,_ because you can tolerate things which can't be tolerant.(tolerate)
3．Our parents are concerned about our health and future.As far as I'm concerned,_we should talk with our parents and tell them our concerns.(concern)
4．As a famous saying goes, union is strength. If united,_ we can overcome all the difficulties, so let's unite together.(unite)
5．We oppose building a chemical factory near our village, which will cause much air pollution. Luckily, because of our opposition,_the factory won't be built.(oppose)
6．Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip)
7．If you want to join our club, there's an annual membership fee of ＄100 and the organization publishes its list of member annually. (annual)

(二)練中記短語——記牢用活
寫準記牢
語境活用(選用左欄短語填空)
1.in_vain　　　　　徒勞，白費力氣
2．a(chǎn)t_random 隨便地，隨意地
3．a(chǎn)t_all_costs 不管多大代價，無論如何
4．straight_away 立刻，馬上
5．wipe_out 徹底毀滅
6．stop_sth._in_its_tracks 終止；消滅
7．rob_sb.of_sth. 搶劫某人某物
8．a(chǎn)t_any_rate 無論如何；至少
9．get_down_to 開始做
10．bring_up 教育；撫養(yǎng)；嘔吐
11．get_through 通過(考試)；完成
12．clear_up 整理；解釋；澄清
13．put_off 推遲；延期
14．miss_out 遺漏；遺忘；錯過機會
15．focus_on 聚焦；集中；對準
1.The people for the experiment were chosen completely at_random.
2．We must at_all_costs prevent them from finding out about the plan.
3．I have tried very hard to find out a solution to the problem, but in_vain.
4．At_any_rate,_the medical supplies will reach you within a week.
5．It's not an easy task for you to bring_up a small child on your own.
6．Had the boy worked harder, he would have got_through the exams.
7．They have decided to put_off holding the meeting because of the bad weather.
8．It's time that I got_down_to thinking about my future.
9．I can't focus my attention on study with so much noise outside.

(三)仿寫明句式——以用為本
教材原句
句式解讀
句式仿寫
1.It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.
獲勝者要強制性地進行檢查，而其他參與者只是隨機地檢查。
“It is＋adj.＋ for sb.to do ...”句型。
(2017·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)你通曉中國文化是有必要的。
It's_necessary_for_you_to_have a good knowledge of Chinese culture.
2.The Olympic spirit — the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning — has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.
人們不惜任何代價想要獲勝的愿望違背了重在參與而不是獲勝的奧林匹克精神。
rather than并列連詞，表示“而不是”。
作為學生，我們應(yīng)當通過努力學習而非考試作弊來取得好成績。
As students, we should try to get good results by studying hard rather_than_cheating_in_exams.
3.Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.
西班牙流感在18個月內(nèi)使多達5千萬人喪命，并且發(fā)病的傾向為年輕力壯的年輕人而不是老年人，它被認為是歷史上最嚴重的流行性傳染病。
“sb./sth.be believed to ...”意為“某人或某物被認為……”。
他被認為是健在的好的作曲家之一。
He_is_believed_to_be one of the best living composers.

二、課堂重點深化

1．postpone vt.推遲，延期
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①The military training for the freshmen in the new term was postponed until/to the next Sunday because of the bad weather.
②The headmaster postponed holding (hold) the meeting until all teachers arrived at the meeting room.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]

postpone doing sth.　　　　　　延緩/推遲做某事
postpone sth.until/to ... 把某事推遲到……
　[重點強化]
易錯處處防
③He decided to postpone to delivering the lecture, owing to his bad health. 去掉第二個to
佳句時時寫
④(2018·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)首先，你最好準時到達而不要推遲到達，因為在中國守時是禮貌的。
First_of_all,_you'd_better_arrive_on_time_instead_of_postponing_arriving_because_it_is_polite_to_be_punctual_in_China.
2．oppose vt.&vi.反對；反抗
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①All people present are opposed to working (work) extra hours on Sunday.
②We oppose using (use) this unusual technique to clone humans.
③She turned and walked off in the opposite (oppose) direction.
一句多譯
我反對修改這個方案，因為它是可行的。
④I oppose_correcting_the_plan for it is practicable.(oppose)
⑤I am_opposed_to_correcting_the_plan for it is practicable.(opposed)
⑥I object_to_correcting_the_plan for it is practicable.(object)
⑦I am_against_correcting_the_plan for it is practicable.(against)
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)oppose (sb.'s) doing sth.　　反對(某人)做某事
(2)opposed adj. 相反的；對立的
be opposed to (doing) sth. 反對(做)某事；與(做)某事對立
opposite adj. 對立的，在……對面的
prep. 在……的對面
　[重點強化]
易錯處處防
⑧I am opposed to go shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded.go→going
佳句時時寫
⑨(2015·浙江高考書面表達)當我的想法與其他人的想法對立時，我選擇尊重大多數(shù)人的意見。
When_my_idea_is_opposed_to_others',_I_choose_to_respect_the_opinion_of_the_majority.
[名師指津]　oppose＝object to＝be against“反對”；oppose后跟動詞時要用動詞-ing形式。be opposed to結(jié)構(gòu)中，to是介詞，其后也要用動詞-ing形式。
3．prohibit vt.禁止，阻止
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①The environment group is demanding a complete prohibition (prohibit) against setting off fireworks in the Spring Festival.
②His small size prohibits his becoming (become) a policeman.
③There is a prohibition on/against tobacco advertising in newspapers and magazines.
句型轉(zhuǎn)換
Some people think that it's necessary to prevent/stop/keep people from smoking in public places.
④Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people's smoking in public places.
⑤Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people from smoking in public places.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)prohibit (doing) sth.　　　　　禁止(做)某事
禁止某人做某事
(2)prohibition n. 禁止；禁令
a prohibition against/on ... ……的禁令
　[重點強化]
易錯處處防
⑥The soldiers were prohibited from leave camp after dark.leave→leaving
佳句時時寫
⑦(2014·江蘇高考書面表達)事實上，中國人從來沒有禁止從其他語言中提取詞匯，比如日語中的“ganbu”或“minzhu”。
In_fact,_Chinese_has_never_prohibited_taking_words_from_other_languages,_for_example,_“ganbu”_or_“minzhu”_from_Japanese.
[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]　“禁止/阻止某人做某事”表達法薈萃：
①discourage sb. from doing sth.
②ban sb. from (doing) sth.
③prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
④forbid sb. (from) doing sth.
⑤keep sb. from doing sth.
⑥stop sb. (from) doing sth.
4．tolerate vt.忍受，容忍
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①As a teacher, you need to show tolerance towards your students' carelessness in study.
②I couldn't tolerate being_interrupted (interrupt) when I was editing my book.
③We must learn to be tolerant of different cultures especially when we live in a multi-cultural society.
一句多譯
我不能容忍被嘲笑。
④I_can't_tolerate_being_made_fun_of.(tolerate)
⑤I_can't_bear/stand_being_made_fun_of.(bear/stand)
⑥I_can't_put_up_with_being_made_fun_of.(put up with)
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)tolerate (doing) sth.　　　　容忍/容許(做)某事
(2)tolerant adj. 容忍的；寬容的
be tolerant of 對……寬容；容忍……
(3)tolerance n. 容忍
show tolerance towards sb. 容忍某人
　[重點強化]
易錯處處防
⑦The school can't tolerate cheat in exams.cheat→cheating
佳句時時寫
⑧(2014·江蘇高考書面表達)隨著英語學習者數(shù)量的增加，我們應(yīng)該對我們語言中出現(xiàn)的不同詞匯保持寬容。
As_the_number_of_English_learners_is_on_the_rise,_we_should_be_tolerant_of_different_words_in_our_language.
[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]　表示“容忍，忍受”的單詞或短語還有：bear, stand, put up with等。
5．submit vt.提交；遞交vi.服從，屈服
　[自主體驗]
完成句子
①The heroic people will never submit_to foreign rule.
英雄的人民決不會屈服于外國的統(tǒng)治。
②You must submit_yourself_to the traffic rules when driving.
開車時你必須遵守交通規(guī)則。
③I will submit_my_reports_to you as soon as possible.
我會盡快把報告提交給你。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
submit to　　　　　　服從于；屈從于
submit sb./oneself to 使某人/自己甘受……；服從……
submit ...to ... 向……提交……
　[重點強化]
易錯處處防
④We'll submit the judgement of the court.submit后加_to
佳句時時寫
⑤(2014·遼寧高考書面表達)除了出色的創(chuàng)意之外，你還需要向?qū)W生會提交一份報告，解釋你是如何想到這個點子的，以及你使用了哪些材料。
Along_with_your_wonderful_innovation,_you_need_to_submit_a_report_to_the_Student_Union,_explaining_how_the_idea_occurs_to_you_and_what_materials_you_use.
6．seek (sought，sought) vt.尋找，尋求；追求；探求，探索；試圖
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①Half an hour later, he sought out his favorite toy in the basket, which made him very happy.
②He sought to_climb (climb) over the fence, but failed.
③The foreigners have sought help from the local government.
完成句子
④If you want to_seek_for/after_success,_you must work hard.
如果你想追求成功，就必須努力工作。
⑤He told us that he was going to Beijing to_seek_his_fortune.
他告訴我們他要到北京碰碰運氣。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
seek sth.from sb.　　　　向某人請求/尋求某物
seek (after/for) sb./sth. 追求/尋找某人/某物
seek one's fortune 找出路；碰運氣
seek out 找出；尋出
seek to do sth. 試圖做某事
　[重點強化]
易錯處處防
⑥You should seek advice for your lawyer on this matter.for→from
佳句時時寫
⑦(2014·廣東高考書面表達)為了理解不同文化中成功生活的意義，理查德從2011年開始在世界各地尋找同年同月同日生的人。
In_order_to_understand_the_meaning_of_successful_life_in_different_cultures,_Richard,_from_2011,_began_to_seek_after/for_time_twins_around_the_world.
7．equip vt.使有準備；配備；裝備
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①My father always reminds me to equip myself for the future.
②Please equip yourself with a pencil and a rubber for the exam.
③His work experience equipped him to_deal (deal) with all kinds of people.
④Our school is equipped with much advanced equipment bought from abroad.(equip)
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)equip ...with ...　　　　　用……裝備……
equip ...for sth./to do sth. 為(做)某事而裝備……
be equipped for/to do sth. 為(做)某事裝備好；做好準備
equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能夠做某事
(2)equipment n．[U] 裝備，設(shè)備
　[重點強化]
易錯處處防
⑤In addition, they spend money on fishing equipments, fuel and boat repairs.equipments→equipment
佳句時時寫
⑥(2018·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達)此外，由于我們學校配備了各種設(shè)施，各種各樣的體育活動才能夠得以舉辦。
Moreover,_with_all_kinds_of_facilities_equipped_in_our_school,_a_wide_range_of_sports_activities_are_able_to_be_held.
8．decline vi.&vt.下降；謝絕 n．下降；衰退
　[自主體驗]
寫出下列句中decline的詞性和含義
①I invited her to my wedding, but she declined my invitation. vt.謝絕
②The company reported a small decline in its profits. n.下降
③As is known to us all, industry in Britain has been on the decline since the 1970s. n.衰退
單句語法填空
④There has been a sharp decline in/of the amounts of sale this year.
⑤The number of population in the poor country has declined by 10 percent during the past 10 years.
⑥Though I had difficulty walking back to my classroom, I still declined to_accept_(accept) the help of my classmates.
完成句子
⑦His health fell_into_a_decline after he was injured in the accident.
在事故中受傷后，他的健康狀況每況愈下。
⑧There's a widely-held belief that educational standards have_been_on_the decline/in decline_in the past few years.
許多人普遍認為過去幾年教育水平下降了。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)decline to do sth.　　　　　拒絕做某事
decline to 下降/減少到
decline by 下降/減少了
(2)a decline in/of sth. 在某方面減少/下降
in decline 下降
on the decline 走下坡路，在衰退中
fall/go into (a) decline 開始衰落，陷入衰退
　[重點強化]
易錯處處防
⑨The unemployment rate declined to 4 percent last month. to→by
佳句時時寫
⑩(2017·江蘇高考書面表達)然而，去年中國的經(jīng)濟增長率有所下降。
However,_China_saw_a_decline_in_its_economic_growth_rate_last_year.
9．fortune n．財產(chǎn)；大筆的錢；機會；運氣
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①It was fortunate (fortune) enough that he found his lost wallet at last.
②What a difficult test! Fortunately (fortunate) I had worked hard, otherwise I would have failed.
③She was fortunate enough to_find (find) a job as soon as she graduated from the university.
完成句子
④Many young people want to live in big cities to seek/try_their_fortune.
許多年輕人想在大城市里尋找出路。
⑤He made_a_fortune in the gold fields of South Africa.
他在南非的金礦里發(fā)了財。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)seek/try one's fortune　　　找出路；碰運氣
make a fortune 發(fā)財
(2)fortunate adj. 幸運的；僥幸的(＝lucky)
be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事
(3)fortunately adv. 幸運地(＝luckily)
　[重點強化]
易錯處處防
⑥Now there are many young men in our society dreaming of making fortune without hard work.making_后加a
佳句時時寫
⑦(2014·湖北高考書面表達)幸運的是，她受傷不嚴重，我們把她送到了最近的醫(yī)院。
Fortunately,_she_was_not_badly_injured_and_we_sent_her_to_the_nearest_hospital.

1．a(chǎn)t any rate無論如何；不管怎樣；反正，至少
　[自主體驗]
完成句子
①You should make an adjustment about your behaviors at_any_rate.
你至少應(yīng)該對你的行為作出調(diào)整。
②At_this_rate,_we won't make it to the destination before 5 o'clock.
照此情形，5點之前我們是不能到達目的地的。
③The driver was driving at_the/a_rate_of 100 kilometres an hour on the free way.
司機在高速公路上以每小時100公里的速度開車。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
at this/that rate　　照此情形；如此下去
at the/a rate of 以……的速度或比率；以……的價格
　[重點強化]
易錯處處防
④You should read one of the English articles every day with any rate. with→at
佳句時時寫
⑤(2014·湖北高考書面表達)在我看來，我們中的每個人無論如何都應(yīng)該盡力幫助那些需要幫助的人。
In_my_opinion,_every_one_of_us_should_try_our_best_to_help_those_in_need_at_any_rate.
2．wipe out徹底毀滅；全部摧毀
　[自主體驗]
完成句子
①The storm wiped_the_building_out only in two hours.
在僅僅兩個小時之內(nèi)，暴風雨就把那座建筑物毀壞了。
②He wiped__away the sweat from his brow with the back of his hand.
他用手背擦掉了額頭上的汗水。
③The flowing water wiped_the_pictures_drawn_by_children_off/from the sand.
流動的水把孩子們畫的畫從沙子上擦掉了。
④I wiped_up_the_ground after children left the room.
孩子們離開房間后，我把地上的東西擦干凈了。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
wipe away　　　　　擦掉，清除掉
wipe sth. off/from 從……上擦去某物；勾銷(債務(wù)等)
wipe sth. with sth. 用……擦……
wipe up 擦干凈
　[重點強化]
易錯處處防
⑤The whole village was wiped away by the earthquake. away→out
佳句時時寫
⑥(2015·江蘇高考書面表達)交通問題是一個很難解決的問題。它不僅影響我們的日常生活，而且還可能毀滅人們的生活。
The_traffic_issue_is_a_hard_nut_to_crack.It_not_only_affects_our_everyday_life,_but_may_also_wipe_out_people's_life.
3．a(chǎn)t all costs無論如何，不管多大代價
　[自主體驗]
完成句子
①Economic growth must not be achieved at_the_cost_of environment or resources.
發(fā)展經(jīng)濟絕不能以破壞環(huán)境、浪費資源為代價。
②The work is so urgent that we must finish it before 6 at_all_costs/at_any_cost.
這項工作如此緊急，以至于我們無論如何得在6點前完成。
③You can buy the books at_cost on the Internet.
你可以在網(wǎng)上以成本價買到這些書。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
at the cost/expense of ...　　犧牲……；以……為代價
at a cost of ... 以……的費用/價格
at any cost ＝at all costs 在任何情況下；無論如何
at cost 按成本價
　[重點強化]
易錯處處防
④At all cost, we must complete the task on time.cost→costs
佳句時時寫
⑤(2015·安徽高考書面表達)如果我能采訪他，無論如何我也要問問他是什么使他成為一名宇航員的。
If_I_could_interview_him,_I_would_ask_him_what_made_him_an_astronaut_at_all_costs.
4．It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do ...
　[教材原句]　It_is_compulsory_for_winners_to_be_tested but other participants are only tested at random.
　[自主體驗]
①(2017·江蘇高考)It_would_be_difficult_for_developed_countries_to_maintain the size of population.
對發(fā)達國家來說那將很難維持人口規(guī)模。
②It_is_very_clever_of_them to make good use of the Internet.
他們很聰明，能充分利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。
　[歸納點撥]
用法規(guī)則
(1)“It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do ...”結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞僅僅描述事物。這類形容詞有difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous, impossible等。
(2)“It is＋adj.＋of sb.to do ...”結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞描述不定式行為者的性格、品質(zhì)。這類形容詞有 kind, good, right, clever, foolish, stupid, wise, rude 等。
注意事項
(1)若形容詞是對不定式行為者的品格進行評價時用of sb.，反之用for sb.。
(2)of后面的名詞或代詞與前面的形容詞有邏輯上的主表關(guān)系；而for后面的名詞或代詞與前面的形容詞無邏輯上的主表關(guān)系。

　[佳句背誦]
①(精彩開頭句)(2017·北京高考滿分作文)It is wise of us to make a video to record our experiences at school.
②(增分要點句)(2017·全國卷Ⅰ滿分作文)It's difficult for a foreign learner to understand the true meaning and culture of Tang poems.
③(增分要點句)(2018·全國卷Ⅱ滿分作文)It will be not only meaningful but also interesting for you to enjoy the movie.
5．并列連詞rather than
　[教材原句]　The Olympic spirit — the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather_than winning — has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.
　[自主體驗]
①Nowadays some teenagers prefer_to_chat online with strangers rather_than_talk_with their parents face to face.
如今，一些青少年寧愿在網(wǎng)上與陌生人閑談也不愿與父母面對面談話。
②(2014·陜西高考)We would rather our daughter stayed_at_home_with_us,_but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
我們寧愿我們的女兒和我們待在家里，但這是她的選擇，她不再是個孩子了。
　[歸納點撥]
用法規(guī)則
(1)rather than 常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：
①prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.
②would do sth.rather than do sth.
③would rather do sth.than do sth.
(2)would rather＋從句，從句中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣：過去時表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?；過去完成時表示過去的愿望。
注意事項
(1)rather than為并列連詞，表示選擇，意為“而不是”。它通常用在平行結(jié)構(gòu)中，連接相同的句子成分，即rather than 前后兩部分在成分和形式上應(yīng)該一致。
(2)rather than 連接主語及其附屬成分時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與rather than前面的詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。

　[佳句背誦]
①(精彩開頭句)(2017·北京高考滿分作文)Personally, I would rather walk along the Yangtze River than climb the Mount Tai.
②(增分要點句)(2015·重慶高考滿分作文)Of the two, I prefer to choose the latter rather than select the former.
③(增分要點句)(2015·上海高考滿分作文)The reason why I am in favor of the picture in the top right corner is that it is simple and apparent rather than dull and isolating.
6．sb./sth. be believed＋動詞不定式
　[教材原句]　Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the_Spanish_Flu_is_believed_to_have_been the most acute epidemic in history.
　[自主體驗]
①Tom is believed to_be (be) the child they are looking for.
人們認為湯姆就是他們要找的那個孩子。
②The company is said to_be_advertising (advertise) for a sales manager, and you can have a try.
據(jù)說這家公司正在刊登廣告招聘一名銷售經(jīng)理，你可以去試一下。
③The professor is reported to have succeeded in carrying out this experiment.
＝It's_reported_that_the_professor_has_succeeded in carrying out this experiment.
據(jù)報道這位教授已經(jīng)成功地完成了這項實驗。
　[歸納點撥]
(1)“sb./sth. be believed＋動詞不定式”為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“人們認為(相信)……，被認為是/做……”，此結(jié)構(gòu)可以和It is believed that或People believe互換。常用于這種句型的動詞有say/hope/think/report/know等。
(2)動詞不定式用完成時，強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前；用進行時，強調(diào)動作正在進行；用一般現(xiàn)在時，強調(diào)動作與主句動作(幾乎)同時發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。
　[佳句背誦]
①(增分要點句)(2018·江蘇高考滿分作文)Depending entirely on the ratings in consumption is generally believed to be unwise.
②(精彩收尾句)(2018·天津高考滿分作文)It is said that you have had a good performance in the robotics skill contest.

Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1．Most babies can digest (消化) a wide range of food easily.
2．The flight was postponed (延期) because of the thick fog.
3．We can find the happiness we seek (追求) if we first share it with others.
4．Under the circumstances (情況), we must rely on ourselves.
5．They were accused of abusing (濫用) their power to keep prices artificially high.
6．As we all know, soil is fundamental (根本的) to the growth of the plants.
7．The disappearance of jobs is a symptom (征兆) of a deeper social economic change.
8．Due to bad management, company profits have been declining (下降) over the last three years.
9．Your suggestion was submitted (提交) to the commission for its consideration.
10．With such a short time left before the deadline (最后日期), it is unlikely for John to finish the job on time.
Ⅱ.單句語法填空
1．Many residents are opposed to building (build) the motorway. It is not a wise decision.
2．Let's postpone making (make) a decision until we have more information.
3．He has declined to_come (come) and in that case we can ask somebody else.
4．Nobody can tolerate_being_cheated (cheat), and that's why he has no friend.
5．We seek to_find (find) a way to make us get along well with the people around us.
6．If you want to share a story of your pets with the readers，you need to submit it to Smart Animals.
7．You must carry the necessary equipment (equip) with you，since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes.
8．We shared the belief that if you're fortunate (fortune) enough to have success, you should put something back.
9．Many farmers opposed (opposite) the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
10．She wiped the sweat off from her face with a piece of facial tissue.
Ⅲ.單句改錯
1．My efforts to bring about a settlement ended of vain. of→in
2．She chose a novel from the shelf in the library in random. 第二個in→at
3．The number of population in that country is now in the decline. in→on
4．He made fortune in his business trade on the Internet last year. made后加a
5．The students in the lecture hall are focusing in the professor's speech. 第二個in→on
6．They are urgently seeking out the posts where they are well paid. out→after/for
7．I am very much opposed to permit him to go alone at night. permit→permitting
8．To our delight, the smoking of cigarettes is in the decline in this area recently. 第一個in→on
9．The drunken driver, rather than the passers-by were to blame for the traffic accident. were→was
10．He gave away his all money to buy some equipments for the new school. equipments→equipment
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．They tried their best to make her happy but_in_vain.
他們盡力使她高興但徒勞無功。
2．One failure after another wiped_out_his_ambition for fame.
一次又一次的失敗使他成名的雄心壯志化為烏有。
3．It's_clever_of_you_to work out the perfect plan in such a short time.
在這么短的時間內(nèi)制定出這樣完美的方案，你真是太聰明了。
4．To our delight, the_number_of_robberies_is_declining in this area recently.
讓我們感到高興的是，近來這個地區(qū)的搶劫案的數(shù)量在下降。
5．I prefer_to_take_some_exercise_outside_rather_than_play_computer_games at home on Sundays.
星期天，我寧愿出去鍛煉也不愿待在家里玩電腦游戲。

本單元語篇話題與新課程主題語境“人與社會”中的“醫(yī)藥與健康”子話題相對應(yīng)
一、話題語素積累多一點
子話題——醫(yī)藥與健康
(一)淺易詞匯溫一溫
①drug　　　 ②medicine　　　 ③pill　　　　 ④tablet
⑤poison ⑥stress ⑦fever ⑧cough
⑨disease ⑩harmful ?painful ?meal
?food ?movement ?treat ?swim
?provide ?various ?healthy ?diet
true wise wealthy laughter
milk sleep relax
(二)生疏詞匯記一記
①capsule n．　　(藥)膠囊　　 ②herb n．　　　草藥
③vitamin n. 維生素 ④insulin n. 胰島素
⑤prescription n. 處方 ⑥swell vi. 腫脹
⑦dizzy adj. 頭暈目眩的 ⑧depression n. 抑郁癥
⑨sneeze vi. 打噴嚏 ⑩symptom n. 癥狀
?choke n．&vi. 窒息 ?allergic adj. 過敏的
?high adj. 高的 ?activity n. 活動
?routinely adv. 有規(guī)律地 ?clinical adj. 臨床的
?nutrient n. 營養(yǎng) ?examine vt. 檢查
?balance n．&v. (保持)平衡 ?refresh v． (使)精神振作
(三)常用詞塊憶一憶
①take in　　　　　　　　　　　吸收
②carry out 執(zhí)行
③reduce anxiety 減少焦慮
④lose weight 減肥
⑤fat and sugars 脂肪和糖
⑥physical activity 體育活動
⑦the amount and type of exercise 鍛煉的量和類型
⑧a larger quantity of fruits and vegetables 大量水果和蔬菜
⑨human health and well-being 人類健康與福祉
⑩the natural setting 自然環(huán)境
?water activity 水中活動
?take any drugs 吃任何藥物
?positive emotion 積極情緒
?rest and sleep 休息和睡眠
?keep a mind 保持一種思想
?take exercise 鍛煉
?be in health 身體健康
?give you some advice 給你一些建議
?laugh and cry 笑和哭
(四)寫作佳句背一背
①Smoking does harm to your health. In addition/Besides, it's a waste of money.
②Do more exercise and have enough sleep, and you will feel relaxed and energetic.
③We'd better take part in more outdoor activities instead of sitting in front of TV sets or computers for a long time, which is bad for our health.
④A lot of students spend much time on study. Therefore, they have no time for rest and sports, which really affects their health.
⑤Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
⑥People are beginning to attach much more importance to their health these days than ever before.
二、話題書面表達亮一點

假如你是李華，你的英國筆友Mary想知道如何保持健康。請你結(jié)合以下建議，就How to Keep Healthy這個話題給她寫一封信。
1．合理、健康的飲食；
2．適當?shù)腻憻挘?br /> 3．充足的睡眠和休息。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2．可適當添加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
[寫作4步走]
第一步：句寫對——給詞寫句

true, be in health, give you some advice, diet, various, provide, food, nutrient, take exercise, movement, rest and sleep, healthy, wealthy, wise, keep a mind, laugh and cry, laughter, medicine　　
1．那是真的。
It's_true.
2．每個人都希望身體健康。
Everyone_wants_to_be_in_good_health.
3．我很高興能給你一些建議。
I_am_very_glad_to_give_you_some_advice._
4．我們需要保持飲食。
We_need_to_keep_diet.
5．各種各樣的食物能給我們提供不同的營養(yǎng)。
Various_food_can_provide_us_with_different_nutrients.
6．我們的身體需要它們。
Our_body_needs_them.
7．我們也應(yīng)該有規(guī)律地鍛煉身體。
We_should_also_take_exercise_regularly.
8．生命在于運動。
Life_lies_in_movement.
9．我們應(yīng)該有充足的休息和睡眠。
We_ought_to_get_enough_rest_and_sleep._
10．你聽說過嗎？
Have_you_heard_it?
11．早睡早起使人健康、富有和聰明。
Early_to_bed_and_early_to_rise_makes_a_man_healthy,_wealthy_and_wise.
12．我們最好保持一種健康思想。
We'd_better_keep_a_healthy_mind.
13．我們應(yīng)該關(guān)注一切。
We_should_look_at_everything.
14．別忘了多笑和少哭。
Don't_forget_to_laugh_more_and_cry_less._
15．你知道，笑是最好的藥。
You_know,_laughter_is_the_best_medicine.
第二步：量寫夠——語句擴充
16．在第3句后加入定語“關(guān)于如何保持健康的”。
I_am_very_glad_to_give_you_some_advice_on_how_to_keep_healthy.
17．在第4句中加入定語“一個健康平衡的”。
We_need_to_keep_a_healthy_and_balanced_diet.
18．在第8句前加入狀語從句“常言道”。
As_the_saying_goes,_life_lies_in_movement._
19．在第13句后加上介詞短語“用一種積極的方式”。
We_should_look_at_everything_in_a_positive_way.
第三步：語寫美——詞句升格
20．用that引導的主語從句合并第1句和第2句。
It's_true_that_everyone_wants_to_be_in_good_health.
21．用a variety of替換第5句中various，然后用that引導的定語從句合并第5句和第6句。
A_variety_of_food_can_provide_us_with_different_nutrients_that_our_body_needs.
22．用that引導的賓語從句合并第10句和第11句。
Have_you_heard_that_early_to_bed_and_early_to_rise_makes_a_man_healthy,_wealthy_and_wise?
第四步：篇連順——銜接成文
用firstly， secondly， thirdly， last but not the least， that's to say等詞匯連句成文。
Dear_Mary，
It's_true_that_everyone_wants_to_be_in_good_health._I_am_very_glad_to_give_you_some_advice_on_how_to_keep_healthy._
Firstly,_we_need_to_keep_a_healthy_and_balanced_diet._A_variety_of_food_can_provide_us_with_different_nutrients_that_our_body_needs._Secondly,_we_should_also_take_exercise_regularly._As_the_saying_goes,_life_lies_in_movement._Thirdly,_we_ought_to_get_enough_rest_and_sleep._Have_you_heard_that_early_to_bed_and_early_to_rise_makes_a_man_healthy,_wealthy_and_wise？Last_but_not_the_least,_we'd_better_keep_a_healthy_mind._That's_to_say,_we_should_look_at_everything_in_a_positive_way._Don't_forget_to_laugh_more_and_cry_less._You_know,_laughter_is_the_best_medicine.
Yours，
Li_Hua

Ⅰ.根據(jù)提示填空
Obviously, most people who try to ?lose_weight (減肥) generally focus all or most of their attention on the food they eat. But what about their behavior? Are there habits they could be breaking that would also help them lose weight?
According to the Ohio State University Extension, which summarized the findings, the researchers learned people who ?routinely (routine) ate breakfasts, lunches, and dinners tended to have more success losing weight than people whose eating schedules were irregular. As a bonus, they were also more likely to eat ?a_larger_quantity_of_fruits_and_vegetables (大量水果和蔬菜)．
One ?activity (active) that brought a disaster to people who wanted to lose weight was watching television, particularly if they ate while watching TV — especially if they ate while watching TV after 7 p．m. People who did these things, including simply watching a lot of television, tended to have a higher body mass index (BMI), as well as a higher intake of ?fat_and_sugars (脂肪和糖)．
Those who ate out a lot also tended to take in more fat and sugars, while eating fewer fruits and vegetables. For the purposes of the study, eating away from home was defined not only as eating in restaurants but also eating food provided by an employer or colleagues at work, buying food at convenience stores or gas stations, or buying food for fund-raisers.
Finally, the best results were achieved by those motivated people who kept writing the track of ?the_amount_and_type_of_exercise (鍛煉的量和類型) they did and how many calories they ate, who planned ?_meals (meal), and used meal replacements. Those who did these things the most generally lost more weight, ate less fat and sugars, ate more fruits and vegetables, and engaged in more ?physical_activities (體育活動)．
So cutting out all those high-calorie snacks will help you lose weight. If so, apparently, will change some of your habits and behavior.
Ⅱ.片段選詞填空
treat， swim， clinical， symptom， carry out， human health and well-being， the natural setting， water activity， take any drugs， positive emotion)
Patients with light or moderate depression can be successfully ?treated by swimming with dolphins, researchers said on Saturday.The study was ?carried_out in Honduras, including patients who were thought by the doctors with light of moderate depression coming from the United States and Honduras.
For two weeks, half of the group ?swam with dolphins for an hour a day. At the same time the other half group carried out the same type of ?water_activities,_but with the absence of dolphins. Researchers want to find out the influence of water and ?the_natural_setting.
All the study volunteers didn't continue to ?take_any_drugs_ or psychotherapy (心理治療) at least for weeks before the start of the study and did not take any drugs during the study, said the researchers from the division of ?clinical Psychiatry at the University of Leicester Medical School.By the end of the study, those people who swam with the dolphins had a greater average reduction in their depressive ?symptoms than those who did not.
The researchers noted that the study supports the theory of biophilia, which thinks that ?human_health_and_well-being depends partly on the human connection with the natural world. The findings appeared in the issue of the British Medical Journal, leading to interactions and positive_emotions that result in psychological treatment.

一、復現(xiàn)單元考點——增強備考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的語法填空
1．(2017·天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment (equip), allowing more patients to be treated.
2．(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
3．(2014·江西高考)Anyway, we're here now, so let's get down to some serious work.
4．(2014·湖北高考)The old rules have to be revised because they only applied to the_circumstances (circumstance) that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.
5．(2014·湖北高考)Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a tolerant (tolerance) smile and let him go.
6．(2014·天津高考)Clearly and thoughtfully written, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to_seek (seek) their own answers.
7．(2014·浙江高考)Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(選用decline, get through, complicated, fortune, concern, prohibit填空)
1．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)The following term, I registered for an ASL class.The professor was deaf and any talking was __57__.I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.Instead, if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less.Now, I appreciate the silence and the new way of communication it opens.____________
2．(2015·廣東高考)When does old age begin then？Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the dividing line between middle age and old age.After all, many older people don't begin to experience physical and mental __7__ until after age 75.____________
3．(2015·江蘇高考)The stories of his unconventional ideas and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so amazing to me and had such a big impact on how I saw life from then on. Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to __39__ my own cancer experience？____________
4．(2012·湖北高考)As the shopkeeper Mr. Johnson was selling me the bicycle, he said, “This is the best thing you could have done. Life has become hopelessly __35__. A bicycle is simple, and it brings to you natural things: fresh air, sunshine and exercise.” I agreed. Happy as a child, I got on the bicycle and headed out onto the streets.____________
5．(2011·江西高考)Strangely enough, she soon dreamt that she was a world-famous chef (主廚). She made a __43__ and wore diamonds and designer clothes.Most days she relaxed by the pool, meeting the rich and famous or reading — her favorite hobby.She even took the leading role in her own TV show.____________
6．(2011·廣東高考)Many are concerned that gifted children become bored and lose interest in learning. However, this __11__ is more often from parents and teachers than from students.____________
答案：1.prohibited　2.decline　3.get through　4.complicated
5．fortune　6.concern
二、復現(xiàn)話題詞匯——提高閱讀準度
新高考下的命題新視角：“醫(yī)藥與健康”和人們的生活息息相關(guān)，醫(yī)藥科學的不斷發(fā)展使得人類治療疾病、追求健康的水平不斷提高，現(xiàn)代人類更加關(guān)注健康?！搬t(yī)藥與健康”包括醫(yī)藥安全和發(fā)展、健康的飲食、服務(wù)及其體現(xiàn)在科技方面的進步等?！搬t(yī)藥與健康”成為高考命題的熱點話題。通過閱讀此類話題的文章，考生不但可以了解醫(yī)藥領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)知識，還可以提高自己的健康意識，從而可以培養(yǎng)健康、積極向上的生活方式。在平時的話題訓練中，考生應(yīng)多關(guān)注與此類話題相關(guān)的素材。
[話題感悟]
學習目標 ——語篇復現(xiàn)詞匯，活學活用記憶更深
(加黑詞匯為本單元話題詞匯，讀文時請揣摩其用法)
(2016·四川高考閱讀D)A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night's sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off — if it is milked from a cow at night.
Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin (褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.
Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.
Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.
While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.
Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。長期以來，人們認為睡覺前喝一杯熱牛奶有助于睡眠，但研究表明，只有喝晚上擠的牛奶才真正有助于睡眠。這到底是什么原因呢？快來讀文章吧！
32．According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk ________.
A．started sleep more easily
B．were more anxious
C．were less active
D．woke up later
解析：選B　細節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的信息“Those given night milk ...were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime ...”可知，老鼠喝了白天擠的牛奶會更有活力，也更焦慮，故選B項。
33．Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?
A．It's been tested on mice for ten times.
B．It can make people more energetic.
C．It exists in milk in great amount.
D．It's used in sleeping drugs.
解析：選D　推理判斷題。由第六段中的信息“taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night”可知，褪黑激素被用于安眠藥中，故選D項。
34．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Night Milk and Sleep
B．Fat, Sugar and Health
C．An Experiment on Mice
D．Milk Drinking and Health
解析：選A　標題歸納題。作者在第一段就點明了文章要論述的對象——晚上擠的牛奶。在接下來的幾段中，作者通過研究人員在老鼠身上做的實驗論證了晚上擠出的牛奶與睡眠的關(guān)系，故選A項。
35．How does the author support the theme of the text?
A．By giving examples.
B．By stating arguments.
C．By explaining statistical data.
D．By providing research results.
解析：選D　推理判斷題。文章的第二、三、四、五段都是講研究人員的實驗及其結(jié)果，所以作者是用研究人員的研究結(jié)果來支持論點的。選D項。
學習目標 ——題后把脈規(guī)律，練后得法理解更透
速解“開門見山式”文章標題歸納題
所謂“開門見山式”文章，指的是行文結(jié)構(gòu)為“總分”或“總分總”結(jié)構(gòu)的文章。由于大部分英語文章都是“總分”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此抓住了首段也就找到了主旨大意或者標題，新聞報道類的文章更是如此。當然了，也有“總分總”結(jié)構(gòu)，一般是首尾呼應(yīng)，弄清楚文章的結(jié)構(gòu)確定主題就簡單了。如本文就屬于“開門見山式”文章，采用“總分”結(jié)構(gòu)，文章第一段(介紹了一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果牛奶是晚上從牛身上擠出來的，那么它確實能幫助人們睡眠)就點明了文章要論述的主旨，在接下來的幾段中，作者通過研究人員在老鼠身上做的實驗論證了晚上擠出的牛奶與睡眠的關(guān)系，故選A項。

Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2019·貴陽監(jiān)測)I've never been the kind of person to say, “it's the thought that counts” when it comes to gifts. That was until a couple of weeks ago, when my kids gave me a present that blew_me_away.
For years now, I've been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and I raised our kids. But to me, this house is much more than just a building.
In the front room, there's a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines, marking the progress of my children's growth.
Every growth stage is marked in grey, with each child's name and the date when they were measured. Of all the objects and all the memories, it's this one thing in a home that's the hardest to leave behind. Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. A new paint job wouldn't normally be greeted by tears, but erasing that evidence of motherhood hurts more than it should. Our kids grow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress, right there for everyone to see.
Over the years, I've talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, even though the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing.
So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do something about it.
They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer whose work is about capturing (捕捉) the beautiful things in life, from clear lakes and skies to diamonds and ballgowns (晚禮服)．
She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, took photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints (指紋), and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph all those years of memories perfectly. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, transforming them into a beautiful history of my family.
Three weeks later, my children's wonderful gift made its way to me — a life-size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文，講述了孩子們送給“我”的一件充滿愛意且特別的禮物的事情。
1．The underlined phrase “blew me away” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”．
A．a(chǎn)ttracted me　　　　　 B．surprised me
C．a(chǎn)ccepted me D．refused me
解析：選B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的“I've never been the kind of person to say, ‘it's the thought that counts’ ... when my kids gave me a present”及下文的描述可知，“我”以前不相信送禮物的人的心思最重要，但幾個星期前“我”的孩子們送給“我”的禮物讓“我”改變了這樣的想法，所以此處表示使“我”吃驚。
2．What does the house really mean to the author?
A．A house. B．A building.
C．Objects. D．Memories.
解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Of all the objects and all the memories, it's this one thing in a home that's the hardest to leave behind”可知，對作者來說這棟房子意味著回憶。
3．What surprised the friends the author know after work?
A．Finding the wall repainted.
B．Erasing the fingerprints.
C．Greeting them by tears.
D．Leaving the wall unfinished.
解析：A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over” 可知，令朋友們吃驚的是房屋的墻面又被重新粉刷了。
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Gift Made with Love
B．Buildings Made by Children
C．A Very Wonderful Painting
D．A Family History
解析：選A　標題歸納題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一段可知，這篇文章主要講述了孩子們送給“我”的一份用愛制成的禮物的故事，故A項作本文標題最佳。
B
(2019·名校原創(chuàng)預測卷三)Most couples know you should never go to bed on an argument.But anger won't just harm your relationship — it could also ruin your sleep, researchers claim. A study has found those who were angry generally, and struggled to keep their temper (脾氣), slept worse.They are believed to keep themselves awake by thinking over their disappointment and find it harder to achieve the calmness they need to drop_off.
There may even be a physical reason, as feelings of anger increase cardiovascular (心血管的) activity, which makes it harder to go to sleep. Psychologists from Iowa State University based their findings on 436 volunteers whose sleep was monitored after they completed an anger questionnaire.Writing in the Journal of Research in Personality, they state: “These findings add to the growing evidence that being easy to get angry may lead to poor sleep and that anger and sleep are closely connected.”
Study participants were asked questions designed to determine if they were quick-tempered and became angry easily.They were asked how angrily they would react to specific provocations (挑釁), such as being criticized by others.Finally they were sorted into groups based on how they dealt with anger — the “anger-in” group, the“anger-out” group and the “anger-control” group.
The people who controlled their anger, saying they would “keep my cool” under pressure, got better quality sleep during a week of being tracked.But those who held back their anger, within the “anger-in” group, got worse sleep by comparison.The study showed those who did not let their anger out by saying “unpleasant things”， but instead chose to “boil inside” still lost out on sleep.
Previous research has suggested that people are angry because they lose out on sleep, which makes it harder to hold back negative feelings and creates a vicious circle.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，生氣不僅傷害感情，而且不利于睡眠。
5．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined part “drop off” in Paragraph 1?
A．Relieve anger. B．Fall asleep.
C．Behave reasonably. D．Improve a relationship.
解析：選B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文中的“anger won't just harm your relationship — it could also ruin your sleep”、“A study has found those who were angry generally, and struggled to keep their temper (脾氣), slept worse”及第二段的第一句話可知，此處內(nèi)容有關(guān)生氣使人睡眠不佳；研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們反復地思考讓自己失望的事情會使自己處于清醒的狀態(tài)，并且更難達到入睡的平靜狀態(tài)。drop off的意思應(yīng)是“打盹兒，小睡”，與fall asleep的意思相近，故選B。
6．How did psychologists carry out the research?
A．By asking volunteers specific questions.
B．By designing interesting group activities.
C．By recording volunteers' daily behaviour.
D．By collecting data from previous studies.
解析：選A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Psychologists from Iowa State University based their findings on 436 volunteers whose sleep was monitored after they completed an anger questionnaire”及第三段中的“Study participants were asked questions designed to determine if they were quick-tempered and became angry easily.They were asked how angrily they would react”可知，心理學家通過問志愿者們特定的問題來展開他們的研究。故選A。
7．What does the study find?
A．Sleep problems can be avoided by controlling anger.
B．Poor anger control is associated with sleep shortage.
C．Anger is not necessarily a negative feeling.
D．Anger can lead to low-quality sleep.
解析：選D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Writing ...anger and sleep are closely connected”可知，憤怒可能會導致低質(zhì)量的睡眠。故選D。
8．Which would be the best title of the passage?
A．Dealing with anger properly guarantees good sleep
B．When and how people sleep when they are angry?
C．Going to bed angry can stop you from sleeping well
D．How are sleep problems and mental disorders linked?
解析：選C　標題歸納題?？v觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)——帶著怒氣睡覺不利于睡眠。故C項作本文標題最佳。
C
(2019·名校原創(chuàng)預測卷一)The way people walk can provide clues about their personality, claims a new study. The study, carried out by researchers at the University of Portsmouth, found that the exaggerated (夸張的) movement of both the upper and lower body indicated aggression. Using motion capture technology, researchers found that movements reveal certain personalities, such as aggression, agreeableness and outgoingness. The technology is widely used to record the movements of an actor, which are then translated to an animated character on screen.
Lead researcher Liam Satchell said, “When one is walking, the body naturally swings a little. An aggressive walk is one where this rotation is exaggerated.” The study also found that personalities that help with social skills — such as agreeableness and outgoingness — were particularly evident in people with increased pelvis (骨盆) movements alone, or “hip sway”．
“While little swagger (大搖大擺) and little sway in a walk could indicate a person of great creativity，” Mr Satchell told MailOnline. The study assessed the personalities of 29 participants using a standard personality test called the “Big Five”. Participants were also asked to complete a questionnaire that measured their levels of aggression. Motion capture technology was then used to record how they walked on a running machine at their natural speed. While people may be aware that there is a relationship between swagger and psychology, this is the first research to provide evidence based on experiments that links aggression with the way people walk, say the researchers.
“We know of no other examples of research where the walk has been shown to have close connection with self-reported measures of personalities and suggest that more research should be conducted between automatic movements and personalities，” said Mr Satchell. “If CCTV observers could be trained to recognize the aggressive walk shown in this research, their ability to recognize crimes likely to happen very soon could be improved further，” said Mr Satchell.
The researchers are keen to carry out additional studies and have called more members of the public to get involved.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：一個人走路的姿勢可以表明他的性格。
9．What can we know about “motion capture technology”？
A．It is specially intended for fast-moving objects.
B．It helps to improve actors' acting techniques.
C．It has been widely used in the field of film.
D．It is a kind of exaggerated shooting skill.
解析：選C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“The technology is widely used to record the movements of an actor, which are then translated to an animated character on screen”可知，動作捕捉技術(shù)在電影中應(yīng)用廣泛，該技術(shù)用于捕捉演員的動作，然后再轉(zhuǎn)換為電影屏幕上動畫人物的動作。
10．People who walk with less overall movements tend to be ________.
A．a(chǎn)ggressive B．creative
C．shy D．honest
解析：選B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“While little swagger (大搖大擺) and little sway in a walk could indicate a person of great creativity”可知，如果一個人走路時很少大搖大擺，這可能說明這個人有很強的創(chuàng)造力。
11．What do Mr Satchell's words in the last but one paragraph suggest?
A．There's a long way to go to carry out such studies.
B．The findings will be mainly used to prevent crimes.
C．The research result concluded has been put into practice.
D．No research proves the relation between aggression and walk now.
解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“We know of ... suggest that more research should be conducted between automatic movements and personalities”及最后一段可推知，Satchell先生的話表明在自發(fā)運動和性格特征之間的關(guān)系上還需要進行更多研究。
12．What is the suitable title for the passage?
A．The effects of personality types on people's walk
B．A new way of recognizing crimes by one's walk
C．How a person's walk indicates his intention
D．What one's walk says about his personality
解析：選D　標題歸納題。文章開頭就點明主題“The way people walk can provide clues about their personality, claims a new study.”一項研究顯示，走路姿勢可以表明一個人的性格，下文均圍繞該主題展開，故D項適合作文章標題。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
How to Say No Respectfully
Like most people, your natural instinct (本能) is probably to help others when you can. __1__ Whether you're declining an invitation to a party or turning down a new project at work, you can say no while still being respectful. Whatever the situation is, be clear, polite and firm when saying no.
Express your thanks. __2__ If you have to turn someone down, express your thanks that they thought of you in the first place. You could say something like, “Thanks for considering me responsible enough to watch your kids. I'm sorry that I'm busy that evening.”
Think before you speak. If you say no immediately, it might seem like you didn't even consider the request. In order to be respectful, take a moment to think about your answer — even if you already know what it is going to be. __3__
Give a clear answer. Saying no respectfully shows that you're honest and direct. __4__ If you can't help, say no. If someone is asking you on a date and you don't want to go, make that clear.
__5__ You can say no without completely turning down the request. By setting boundaries, you can make it clear exactly what you can do and what you are willing to do. For example, you could say, “I'm not free for dinner, but I would be coming for a quick drink after work.”
A．Find a way to compromise.
B．Take a pause, and then kindly say no.
C．But sometimes, you just need to say no.
D．It's strange to feel guilty for turning someone down.
E．Make it clear that you sincerely appreciate being asked.
F．If you feel it necessary, you can also provide a reason for your answer.
G．Do not give people false hope that you will be able to satisfy their request.
語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了如何有禮貌地拒絕別人。
1．解析：選C　前面講到“幫助別人可能是人的一種本能”，接下來話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，說到“在有的情形下你可以禮貌地拒絕別人”，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選C項。
2．解析：選E　本段的第一句“表達你的謝意”為段落主題句，所以空處意在進一步解釋說明這一主題，而選項E的意思是“要表達清楚你很真誠地感激受到邀請”，符合語境，所以選E項。
3．解析：選B　本段首句為段落主題句，意為“在說(不)之前要思考一下”，而B項的意思是“停一下，然后再善意地拒絕”，與此處匹配，所以選B項。
4．解析：選G　由本段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講明確答復對方，有禮貌地拒絕別人表示你是誠實的、直接的。G項“不要給人錯覺，讓別人覺得你可以滿足他的要求”，與本段所表達的意思相符，所以選G項。
5．解析：選A　根據(jù)下文可知，本段講述的是在拒絕別人的時候，可以留有余地，表達清楚你能做什么、愿意做什么，而A項的意思是“找到一個折中的辦法”，與本段所表達的意思相符，所以選A項。