
\l "_bkmark0" 第 01 講 名詞3
\l "_bkmark1" 第 02 講 冠詞6
\l "_bkmark2" 第 03 講 代詞8
\l "_bkmark3" 第 04 講 數(shù)詞12
\l "_bkmark4" 第 05 講 介詞13
\l "_bkmark5" 第 06 講 形容詞和副詞15
\l "_bkmark6" 第 07 講 動(dòng)詞辨析19
\l "_bkmark7" 第 08 講 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)25
\l "_bkmark8" 第 09 講 動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)29
\l "_bkmark9" 第 10 講 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞30
\l "_bkmark10" 第 11 講 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞31
\l "_bkmark11" 第 12 講 主謂一致和倒裝句33
\l "_bkmark12" 第 13 講 簡(jiǎn)單句和并列句35
\l "_bkmark13" 第 14 講 狀語(yǔ)從句37
\l "_bkmark14" 第 15 講 賓語(yǔ)從句39
\l "_bkmark15" 第 16 講 定語(yǔ)從句40
第 01 講 名詞
【名詞的分類(lèi)】
詞類(lèi)
分類(lèi)
詞類(lèi)
英語(yǔ)名稱(chēng)
意義
例詞
實(shí)詞
名詞
nun(n.)
表示人、事物或抽象概念
bag,class
代詞
prnun(prn.)
用來(lái)替代名詞、數(shù)詞等
we,many
數(shù)詞
numeral(num.)
表示數(shù)目或順序
ne,ninth
形容詞
adjective(adj.)
表示人或事物的特征
big,white
副詞
adverb(adv.)
表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度特征等
nw,very
動(dòng)詞
verb(v.)
表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
speak,visit
虛詞
冠詞
article(art.)
用于名詞前,對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行限定
a,an,the
介詞
prepsitin(prep.)
用于名/代詞前,表示與別的詞的關(guān)系
n,under
連詞
cnjunctin(cnj.)
用來(lái)連接詞與詞或句與句
and,but,s
感嘆詞
interjectin(int.)
表示說(shuō)話時(shí)的感情或口氣
hi,ww
語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題精講
1
名詞
9
動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)
2
冠詞
10
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
3
代詞
11
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
4
數(shù)詞
12
主謂一致和倒裝句
5
介詞
13
簡(jiǎn)單句和并列句
6
形容詞和副詞
14
狀語(yǔ)從句
7
動(dòng)詞辨析
15
賓語(yǔ)從句
8
動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)
16
定語(yǔ)從句
類(lèi)別
意義
例詞
專(zhuān)有名詞
表示人、地方、事物、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等名
稱(chēng)的詞
Lucy,China,The Great Wall
普通名詞
可數(shù)
個(gè)體名詞
表示個(gè)體的人或事物的詞
pencil,chair,dg
集體名詞
表示一群人或一類(lèi)事物
family,plice,class,grup,team
不可數(shù)
物質(zhì)名詞
表示構(gòu)成各種物體的物質(zhì)或材料的詞
rice,water,air,wd
抽象名詞
表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、行為、感情等抽象概
念的詞
knwledge,danger,health
考點(diǎn)一:可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞
一、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
規(guī)則變化:
不規(guī)則變化:
二、不可數(shù)名詞
下列名詞常做不可數(shù)名詞用,很少見(jiàn)到它們被用作可數(shù)名詞:
chicken
C
雞
U
雞肉
fish
C
種類(lèi)
U
魚(yú)肉、條數(shù)
fd
C
種類(lèi)
U
泛指
fruit
C
種類(lèi)
U
泛指
rm
C
房間
U
空間
wrk
C
作品
U
工作
三、既可數(shù)又不可數(shù)的名詞
四、重難點(diǎn)
復(fù)合名詞:
①一般在詞尾加-s
bk--bksty--tysday--days
by--bys
②以 s, x, sh, ch 結(jié)尾的加-es
class--classesbus--buses bx--bxes fx--fxes
dish--disheswatch--watches
③以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞, 把 y 變?yōu)?i,再
加-es
baby--babiescity--cities
factry--factriesdictinary--dictinaries
④以f 或fe 結(jié)尾的詞, 一般把f 或fe 改為v, 再
加-es
leaf--leaveshalf--halvesthief--thieves knife--kniveswife--wiveslife--lives
⑤以 結(jié)尾
有生命的,加 es
ptat--ptatestmat--tmates her--heres
無(wú)生命的,加 s
radi--radisz--zspht--phts
①男女少,鼠腳牙(數(shù)腳丫)
man--menwman--wmenchild--children
muse--miceft--feettth--teeth
②中日魚(yú)鹿羊,單復(fù)是同形
Chinese,Japanese,fish,deer,sheep
③中日不變英法變, 其他后面加 s
Chinese--ChineseJapanese--Japanese Englishman--Englishmen
Frenchman--FrenchmenGerman--Germans
肉類(lèi)
beefchickenmuttnprk
fishmeat
液體
watermilkcffeetea
hneyygurt
range
juice
顆粒、細(xì)微物
ricesaltsandhair
其余
breadadviceweather
knwledgemneytime
wrknews
musichealth
paper fruit
infrmatin fun
前面的名詞是 man, wman,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),復(fù)合名詞的兩個(gè)名詞全都要變成復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果是其他詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),只需把后面的名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。
man teacher--men teacherswman dctr--wmen dctrs by student--by studentsapple tree--apple trees
有些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式或者習(xí)慣上常用復(fù)數(shù)的名詞,常用復(fù)數(shù)作定語(yǔ)。
clthes shpsprts car
集體名詞:
既有復(fù)數(shù)形式又有單數(shù)形式的集體名詞(family,plice,class,grup,team) A.視為這個(gè)群體的所有人時(shí),看作復(fù)數(shù)。 eg: My family are watching TV. B.指代這個(gè)整體,看作單數(shù)。 eg: My family is big.
C.表示一個(gè)整體時(shí),也有復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示多個(gè)這樣的群體。 eg: There are 500 families in the village.
只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的集體名詞
clthespantsjeansshrtstrusersglasses(眼鏡)
注意:這類(lèi)名詞不能用具體的數(shù)字進(jìn)行修飾,也不能加 a/an,但可以用 a pair f/tw pairs f/many 等修飾。
the glasses(復(fù)數(shù))a pair f glasses(單數(shù))tw pairs f glasses(復(fù)數(shù))
考點(diǎn)二 名詞所有格
一、’s 所有格
構(gòu)成
用法
表示人或者其他有生命的事物的名詞,如 Lucy’s ffice。
表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格,如 tday’s news,ten minutes’ride,100 dllars’wrth。3)人性化的名詞,如 China’s develpment,the city’s park。
構(gòu)成不同的節(jié)日,如 New Year’s Day, April Fl’s Day。
表示店鋪、醫(yī)院、學(xué)校、住宅等,如 at the dctr’s, at the Green’s。
由 and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞共同擁有時(shí),只將最后一個(gè)名詞變?yōu)樗懈?,如果是各自所有?則每個(gè)名詞都變?yōu)樗懈瘢?Jim and Kate’s rm, Jim’s and Kate’s rms。
不定代詞后接 else,所有格放在 else 后,如 smebdy else’s。
有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù),可以單獨(dú)使用’s 所有格,如 This bk isn’t mine, but Jenny’s.。
一般情況直接加’s
Kate’s rm
Father’s Day
以 s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,在其后加’
Teachers’ Day
parents’ rm
不以 s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,在其后加’s
Children’s Day
Wmen’s Day
8)區(qū)別 family/huse/hme, jb/wrk, prblem/questin, vice/nise/sund
二 、f 所有格
一般說(shuō)來(lái),無(wú)生命的名詞用 f 結(jié)構(gòu),如 the gate f the schl。
有時(shí)也表示人和其他有生命的名詞的所有格,如 the advice f my parents。
地名、交通工具名以及與人的活動(dòng)有關(guān)的無(wú)生命的名詞可用 f,也可用’s,如 the future f China/China’s future, the girl’s name/the name f the girl。
三、雙重所有格
當(dāng)冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或指示代詞等于所有格名詞同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí),常用這種結(jié)構(gòu),如
a friend f my father’s。注意比較:
a friend f my father’s 強(qiáng)調(diào)我父親不止一位朋友a(bǔ) friend f my father 強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)我父親友好
a picture f Mr Wang’s 王先生擁有的許多照片中的一張a picture f Mr Wang 王先生本人肖像
四、重難點(diǎn)
他是一個(gè)五歲的男孩。 He is a five-year-ld by./ He is five years ld.
八個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠an eight-hur sleep/ eight hurs’ sleep
第 02 講 冠詞
考點(diǎn)一 不定冠詞a/an
不定冠詞的基本用法
不定冠詞 a,an 的區(qū)別
注:元音字母:a e i u元音音素:/i/ /i;/ /ei/ /ai/...
用法
示例
1.第一次提到
This is a bk.
2.某一類(lèi)別
A hrse is a helpful animal.
3.泛指
A yung man is waiting fr yu.
4.用于物質(zhì)、抽象名詞前
have a great timea big success
5.視為一個(gè)整體的兩個(gè)名詞前
a knife and frk 一副刀叉
6.“a+序數(shù)詞”,表示“又一,再一”
The cake is delicius and I wuld like a third ne.
7.“每一”
twice a weekthree times a day
a
以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞
usefuluniversityEurpeanbu
an
以元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞
hur
hnest
umbrella
English
eight
h
s
當(dāng)名詞被其他詞修飾時(shí),a,an 的位置應(yīng)注意:
考點(diǎn)二定冠詞the 的用法
考點(diǎn)三零冠詞的用法
被 such,what 修飾
such a gd by
what a gd by
被 s,hw 修飾
s gd a by
hw gd a by
被 quite,very 修飾
quite a gd by
a very gd by
用法
示例
1.雙方都知道的
Give me the bk,please.
2.特指的或上文已提到的
D yu knw the girl in red?
3.獨(dú)一無(wú)二的
the mnthe sunthe wrldthe earth
4.序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)前
the first lessnthe biggest park
5.姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前,表一家人
the Greens
6.某一類(lèi)別
The hrse is a helpful animal.
7.與某些形容詞連用,表一類(lèi)人
the ldthe sick
8.用于江河、海洋、山脈、群島、沙漠等專(zhuān)有
名詞前,或由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞前
the Yellw Riverthe Pacific Ocean the Great Wallthe Summer Palace
9.方位及樂(lè)器名詞前
in the eastplay the pian
10.以 festival 結(jié)尾的節(jié)日
the Spring Festivalthe Mid-Autumn Festival
用法
示例
1.不可數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指
Hrses are helpful animals.
2.某些專(zhuān)有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞表
泛指
ChinaMaryPaper is made frm wd.
3.名詞前已有指示代詞、形容詞性物主代
詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格等修飾
this bkmy bksme bksLily’s bk
4.三餐、球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)、學(xué)科前
have breakfastplay ftballmath(have a rich
lunch)
5.由“專(zhuān)有名詞+普通名詞”構(gòu)成的表示
街名、路名、山名等的詞前
Nanjing RadHainan IslandZhngshan Park
6.與 by 連用的交通工具名稱(chēng)前
by busby bike
7.以 day 結(jié)尾的節(jié)假日名稱(chēng)前
Children’s DayNew Year’s Day
重難點(diǎn)
表類(lèi)別:
馬是一種有用的動(dòng)物。
A hrse is a useful animal.
The hrse is a useful animal.
Hrses are useful animals.
the+序數(shù)詞
表示 “第幾”
a+序數(shù)詞
表示 “再一”
I have been t Beijing twice,but I wuld like t g there fr a third
time.
a number f
大量的…(看作復(fù)數(shù))
A number f men teachers are frm China.
the number f
的數(shù)量(看作單數(shù))
The number f men teachers in ur schl is 50.
g t schl
去上學(xué)
g t the schl
去學(xué)校
in hspital
生病住院
in the hspital
在醫(yī)院
in class
在上課
in the class
在班級(jí)里
g t bed
去睡覺(jué)
g t the bed
朝床邊走去
at table
在吃飯
at the table
在桌子旁
考點(diǎn)一 人稱(chēng)代詞
第 03 講 代詞
注意:
人稱(chēng)
單數(shù)
復(fù)數(shù)
主格
賓格
主格
賓格
第一人稱(chēng)
I
me
we
us
第二人稱(chēng)
yu
yu
yu
yu
第三人稱(chēng)
he
him
they
them
she
her
it
it
通稱(chēng)
ne
nes
1.I 在句中任何位置都要大寫(xiě),yu 可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù),根據(jù)上下文來(lái)決定。
2.人稱(chēng)代詞獨(dú)立使用時(shí),也可以用賓格。
Why me?Me,t.
3.以下句子人稱(chēng)代詞用主格和賓格都可以。
My sister is tw years lder than I/me.
Yu are as tall as he/him.
4.she/he 可用來(lái)指代寵物。
I have a dg. He is cute.
考點(diǎn)二 物主代詞
注意:
形容詞性物主代詞+名詞=名詞性物主代詞
my pen=mineyur bk=yurshis bag=his
漢語(yǔ)中常說(shuō)的“我父親”“你弟弟”等,英語(yǔ)中必須使用物主代詞,如 my father,yur brther。3.他教我們英語(yǔ)--He teaches us English.其中的 us 不可改為 ur。
4.“…f+名詞性物主代詞”屬于雙重所有格,與“…f+人稱(chēng)代詞賓格”所表示的含義不同。She is a friend f mine.她是我的一個(gè)朋友。(眾多朋友中的一個(gè))
She is a friend f me.她是我的一個(gè)朋友。(唯一的一個(gè))
考點(diǎn)三 反身代詞
5.單數(shù):二、三、一人稱(chēng)
復(fù)數(shù):一、二、三人稱(chēng)
yu,he and I we, yu and they
6.it
用法
代指嬰兒或不明身份的人
It’s a lvely baby.
表示天氣、時(shí)間或距離
It’s ht tday.It’s 7 ’clck.It’s 2 kilmeters.
答語(yǔ)中代替 this/that
--What’s this? --It’s a key.
it 常用句型
It’s+adj.+(fr sb.) t d sth. sb find it +adj.+ t d sth.
It’s time t d sth.It seems that...
ne
指上文中提到的同類(lèi)事物中的一個(gè)
(同類(lèi)不同個(gè))
There are many beautiful tys in the shp. I want t buy ne.
it
指上文中提到的同一事物(同類(lèi)同個(gè))
There is a beautiful ty in the shp.I want t buy it.
人稱(chēng)
單數(shù)
復(fù)數(shù)
形容詞性
名詞性
形容詞性
名詞性
第一人稱(chēng)
my
mine
ur
urs
第二人稱(chēng)
yur
yurs
yur
yurs
第三人稱(chēng)
his
his
their
theirs
her
hers
its
its
通稱(chēng)
ne’s
人 稱(chēng)
第一人稱(chēng)
第二人稱(chēng)
第三人稱(chēng)
單 數(shù)
myself
yurself
himselfherselfitself
復(fù) 數(shù)
urselves
yurselves
themselves
考點(diǎn)四 指示代詞
考點(diǎn)五 不定代詞
bth;all;either;any;neither;nne
little;a little;few;a few
ther;the ther;thers;the thers;anther
注意:teach neself 自學(xué)
learn by neself 自學(xué)
enjy neself 玩的開(kāi)心
help yurself t ...請(qǐng)隨便吃點(diǎn)...
lk after neself 照顧自己
dress neself 給某人自己穿衣服
by neself 獨(dú)自
this/these
that/thse
近指 This is my seat.
遠(yuǎn)指 That is yur seat.
替代已提到過(guò)的名詞,避免重復(fù),主要用于比較級(jí)中。
The weather in Changsha is better than that in Beijing.
The days in summer are lnger than thse(the nes) in winter.
this 打電話時(shí),指自己。
This is Alan.
that 打電話時(shí),指對(duì)方。
Wh is that speaking?
this mrning 今天早上
this year 今年
that mrning 那天早上
that year 那年
都
任何
都不
兩者
bth
either
neither
三者(或以上)
all
any
nne
可數(shù)
不可數(shù)
表肯定
a few(有一些)
a little(有一點(diǎn))
表否定
few(幾乎沒(méi)有)
little(幾乎沒(méi)有)
不定代詞
意義
用法說(shuō)明
ther
另外的(兩者)
只作定語(yǔ),常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用;但如果前面有 the, this, that, sme, any, each, every, n, ne,
my, yur, his 等時(shí),則可與單數(shù)名詞連用
the ther
兩者中另一個(gè)
常與 ne 連用,構(gòu)成“ne…, the ther”;作定語(yǔ)修
飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),表示“全部其余的”
thers
泛指別的人或物
是 ther 的復(fù)數(shù)形式,泛指別的人或物(但不是全部),
不能作定語(yǔ),構(gòu)成 sme…thers…
the thers
特指其余的人或物
是 the ther 的復(fù)數(shù)形式,特指其余的人或物
anther
另一個(gè)(三者或以上)
指三者或三者以上中的任何一個(gè),用作形容詞或代詞
考點(diǎn)六 復(fù)合不定代詞
注意:形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞應(yīng)該后置,如 smething interesting。
考點(diǎn)七 疑問(wèn)代詞
重難點(diǎn)區(qū)別
smebdy
anybdy
nbdy
everybdy
smene
anyne
n ne
everyne
smething
anything
nthing
everything
指人
誰(shuí)
wh
Wh wuld yu like t g with?
誰(shuí)
whm
Whm are yu writing t?
誰(shuí)的
whse
Whse bag is this?
指物
哪一個(gè)(有范圍)
which
Which is cheaper, this bk r that?
什么(無(wú)范圍)
what
What is yur sister?
sme
一般用于肯定句中, 表示“一些, 某些; 某個(gè)”,如:
I have sme math bks.
也可用于疑問(wèn)句中, 希望得到對(duì)方的肯定回答或委婉提出建議與要求,如:
Wuld yu like sme tea?
any
一般用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句, 表示“一些”,如:
I dn’t have any math bks.Is there anything new in the newspaper?
有時(shí)也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何一個(gè)”,如:
Yu can buy this bk at any bkstre in ur city.
many
指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(s)many bks
much
指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(s)much bks
each
指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上
each side f the rad
(也可用于三者或以上)
every
指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上
every student in ur class
a little
1)a little+adj.
2)a little+不可數(shù) n
3)nt a little 很多
a bit
1)a bit+adj.
2)a bit f+不可數(shù) n
3)nt a bit
一點(diǎn)也不
n ne
1)沒(méi)人2)其后不加 f 短語(yǔ)3)常用來(lái)回答 wh 的提問(wèn)
nne
1)沒(méi)人/物2)其后可加 f 短語(yǔ)3)常用來(lái)回答 hw many/hw much 的提問(wèn)
第 04 講 數(shù)詞
考點(diǎn)一 基數(shù)詞
考點(diǎn)二 序數(shù)詞
考點(diǎn)三 分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)和時(shí)刻
everyne
每個(gè)人,后面不能跟 f 短語(yǔ)
every ne
每一個(gè),常指物,后面可跟 f 短語(yǔ)
0-12
netw threefurfivesix
twelve
seven
eight
nine
ten
eleven
13-19
thirteenfurteenfifteensixteen
seventeeneighteennineteen
20-90 整數(shù)
twentythirtyfrtyfiftysixty
seventy
eighty
ninety
20-99 非整數(shù)
twenty-nefrty-tw
三位數(shù)
121 ne hundred and twenty-ne
206 tw hundreds and six
多位數(shù)
1,987,654,321ne billin nine hundred and eighty-seven millin
six hundred and fifty-fur thusand three hundred and twenty-ne
不確切數(shù)
hundreds fthusands f
millins f
不確切歲數(shù)/年代
in her frtiesin the 1990s
1、2、3 不規(guī)則變化
firstsecndthird
1st2nd3rd
4-19 基數(shù)詞詞尾加 th
furthfifthsixthseventheighth
ninthentheleventhtwelfththirteenth
4th 11th 20th
21st22nd23rd 24th
121st124th
20-90 整數(shù)
ty 變?yōu)?tie 再加 th
twentieththirtiethfrtieth
兩位數(shù)或多位數(shù)(整數(shù)
除外)只變個(gè)位數(shù)
twenty-firstne hundred and thirty-furth
分?jǐn)?shù)
基數(shù)詞作分子,序數(shù)詞做分母,
分子大于 1,序數(shù)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)
1/3ne third3/4three furths
1/2a half1/4ne quarter
小數(shù)
小數(shù)點(diǎn)左邊數(shù)字合起來(lái)讀;右邊
數(shù)字分開(kāi)讀;小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作 pint
0.4zer pint fur 或 pint fur
25.67twenty-five pint six seven
百分?jǐn)?shù)
基數(shù)詞+percent
3%three percent
時(shí)刻
整點(diǎn)
基數(shù)詞+’clck
5:00five ’clck
注意:
基數(shù)詞也可以表示序數(shù)。(常見(jiàn)的有 lessn/unit/page/rm/class/grade)
the first lessn--Lessn Onethe fifth page--Page 5I am in Class 2,Grade 7.
數(shù)詞+mreanther+數(shù)詞
tw mre mnthsanther tw mnths
第 05 講 介詞
【知識(shí)清單】
一、時(shí)間介詞
二、方位介詞
幾點(diǎn)過(guò)幾分
分鐘+past+小時(shí)
5:06six past five(five six)
幾點(diǎn)差幾分
分鐘+t+(小時(shí)+1)
5:58tw t six(five fifty-eight)
數(shù)量
基數(shù)詞+單位詞+形容詞
基數(shù)詞+單位詞+in+名詞
5 meters lng/wide/high
5 meters in length/width/height
at
在某個(gè)時(shí)刻或在黎明、正午、黃昏、午夜
at seven ’clck
at nnat night
n
在具體的某一天或者某一天的某一段時(shí)間
n Sundayn July 2nd n Sunday mrning
n the mrning f Sunday
in
在某個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間(如世紀(jì),朝代,年,月,
季節(jié),及泛指的上午,下午和晚上等)
in 1998in spring mrning
in Januaryin the
后加一段時(shí)間,表多久以后/內(nèi),用于將來(lái)時(shí)
in 3 days
after
+時(shí)間點(diǎn),表“…以后”,常用于將來(lái)時(shí)
They arrived in Beijing after 2 days.
+時(shí)間段,表“…以后”,常用于過(guò)去時(shí)
I will call yu up after three ’clck.
befre
表“在…之前”
Please clean the rm befre 4 ’clck.
since
+時(shí)間點(diǎn),表“自從…”,用于完成時(shí)
She has lived here since 1998.
fr
+時(shí)間段,表“持續(xù)…”,用于完成時(shí)
She has watched TV fr 2 hurs.
frm
表“從…開(kāi)始”
Theywrkedin
mrning t evening.
thefactryfrm
by
+時(shí)間點(diǎn),表“到…為止”,后跟一個(gè)過(guò)去的
時(shí)間點(diǎn),用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)
I had read 200 bks by the end f last year.
during
+時(shí)間段,表“在…期間”
Iusuallygswimmingduringthe
summer hlidays.
三、表示方式、手段或工具等的介詞
at
在小地方
at hme/at schl
in
在大地方;在……里面
in China/in Beijingin the classrm
n
在……上面(接觸)
n the farmn the beach
ver
在…正上方(不接觸);覆蓋;指
年齡、數(shù)量
There's a bridge ver the river.
ver 18 years ldver 100 peple
under
在…正下方(不接觸);指年齡、
數(shù)量
There is a ftball under the desk. under 18 years ldunder 10%
abve
“在……的上方”(不接觸);還
可指溫度、高度以及有縱向標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可比的情況等
abve yur head abve zer
belw
“在……的下方”(不接觸);還
可用于表示溫度、高度以及有縱向標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可比的情況等
The cat reaches belw the knees. belw zer
in the frnt f
表示在某一空間內(nèi)部的前面
There is a blackbard in the frnt f the
rm.
in frnt f
表示在某一空間外部的前面
There is a car in frnt f the schl.
befre
在……前面
He sits befre me.
behind
表示在某一位置之后
My schlbag is behind the chair.
在…和…之間(兩者)
I sit between Lucy and Tm.
amng
在……中間(三者或以上)
Mr. Brwn stands amng her students.
n the left/right
在左邊/在右邊
I can see a hspital n the left.
beside/by
在旁邊
There is a cat beside me.by the sea.
acrss frm
在對(duì)面
The schl is acrss my hme.
in
在……之內(nèi)(屬于該范圍)
Changsha is in the suth f China.
t
在……之外(不屬于該范圍)
Beijing is t the nrth f China.
n
與……毗鄰
Jiangxi is n the west f Changsha.
by
+交通工具,表示“乘坐……”
I g t schl by bus.
+Ving,表示“通過(guò)……方式”
I learn English by listening t tapes.
in
+語(yǔ)言、材料
in Englishin ink
n
通過(guò)收音機(jī)、電視、電腦
n radi/TV/cmputer
with
表示用某種工具、身體部位
I write with a pen.I eat with muth.
四、其他介詞
易混介詞
第 06 講 形容詞和副詞
abut
關(guān)于
talk abutWhat
like
“像……一樣”, 說(shuō)明相似關(guān)系, 實(shí)際
不是
lk likeHe treats me like a sn.
as
“作為, 以…的身份”, 后跟表示職業(yè)
的詞
As a teacher, I am prud f him.
except
“除……之外”(有減的意思)
All the students went t the party except
Tm.
besides
“除……之外(還有)” (有加的意思)
Besides Tm,Bb als went t the museum.
with
表示伴隨, 意為“和……一起”“帶有”
I went t the park with Lucy.
a park with a pl
withut
表示“沒(méi)有”
Hewenttschlwithuthaving
breakfast.
fr
表示目的, 意為“為了”
The present is fr yu.
n the tree
表示枝、葉、果實(shí)等“長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上”
in the tree
表示人、氣球、鳥(niǎo)等“停在樹(shù)上”
n the wall
表示東西粘貼或掛在墻上
in the wall
表示門(mén)、窗等嵌在墻上
It’s+adj+ fr sb. t d sth.
該句中形容詞是形容后面的事情
It’s+adj+ f sb. t d sth.
該句中形容詞是說(shuō)明人的特點(diǎn)
一、形容詞的用法
第一節(jié) 形容詞
二、形容詞原級(jí)的用法
1.做定語(yǔ),常放在名詞之前,復(fù)合不定代詞之后。
a kind mana sunny day
2.做表語(yǔ),放在系動(dòng)詞之后。
Be happylk sad
3.做賓補(bǔ),常與 make,leave,keep 等動(dòng)詞連用。
make him happykeep the rm clean
4.the+adj. 表一類(lèi)人。
the ldthe yung
5.有些表情感的表語(yǔ)形容詞后可接動(dòng)詞不定式。
be glad/happy/pleased/srry/sad/sure
/kind ready/afraid/easy/difficult +t d
三、形容詞比較等級(jí)
形容詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成
1)規(guī)則變化
2)不規(guī)則變化
形容詞比較等級(jí)的用法
1.說(shuō)明人或物自身的特征、性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)
The flwers are beautiful.
2.被 very,s,t,enugh,quite 等修飾時(shí)
very tall
ld enugh
3.A…as…as B
A…nt as(s)…as B
A 和 B 一樣…
A 不如 B…
English is as interesting as Chinese. This bk is nt as new as that ne.
4.A…+倍數(shù)+as…as B
A 是 B 的…倍
Our schl is three times as big as theirs.
類(lèi)別
構(gòu)成方法
原級(jí)
比較級(jí)
最高級(jí)
①一般直接加-er,-est
lng
tall
lnger
taller
lngest
tallest
②以不發(fā)音 e 結(jié)尾加
-r,-st
late large
later larger
latest largest
單音節(jié)詞和少
③輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾,改
y 為 i,再加-er,-est
easy happy
easier happier
easiest happiest
數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞
④重讀輔元輔結(jié)尾,雙寫(xiě)末尾字母,再加
-er,-est
big ht thin
fat
bigger htter thinner
fatter
biggest httest thinnest
fattest
多音節(jié)詞和部
分雙音節(jié)詞
⑤在原級(jí)前加
mre,mst
careful utging
mre careful mre utging
mst carefully mst utging
原級(jí)
比較級(jí)
最高級(jí)
gd/well
better
best
bad/ill
wrse
wrst
many/much
mre
mst
little (few)
less (fewer)
least (fewest)
far
farther 較遠(yuǎn)的
further 較遠(yuǎn)的;更深入的
farthest 最遠(yuǎn)的
furthest 最遠(yuǎn)的;最深入的
ld
lder 較老的,較舊的,年齡較大的
elder 年齡較大的(只用于人,表長(zhǎng)幼排行)
ldest 較老的,較舊的,年齡較大的
eldest 年齡較大的(只用于人,表長(zhǎng)幼排行)
重難點(diǎn):
1)表示“倍數(shù)”--“倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than”,如:Yur rm is three times bigger than mine.。2)表示“大幾歲”, “高…”等--“數(shù)詞、量詞+比較級(jí)+than”,如:three years lder。3)表示“比其他的任何都…”--“比較級(jí)+than any ther+n 單”(同一范圍內(nèi)比較),如:
Shanghai is larger than any ther city in China.
表示“比任何都…”--“比較級(jí)+than any +n 單”(不同范圍內(nèi)比較),如:
Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan.
4)mre 不可以修飾比較級(jí),much 修飾比較級(jí),意為“更…得多”。
mre taller×much taller√much utging×much mre utging√
5) 注意比較對(duì)象或范圍的一致性。
The weather f Beijing is clder than Shanghai.×Mary’s bag is heavier than Tm.×
四、形容詞最高級(jí)
注意:最高級(jí)前面通常要加 the,但
副詞的最高級(jí)前面可以省略 the; He wrks mst carefully.
形容詞最高級(jí)前面有形容詞性物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等修飾時(shí),前面不用加 the。This is ur best friend.
五、比較結(jié)構(gòu)的同義轉(zhuǎn)化
1).比較級(jí)前可有 a little, a bit, a lt, much, even, far,
still 等修飾。
much cldera little htter
2).A+比較級(jí)+ than +B
This rm is bigger than that ne.
3).“Which/Wh… +比較級(jí),A r B?”
Wh is taller,Tm r Bb?
4).“the +比較級(jí)+f the tw”
Tm is the taller f the tw.
5).“比較級(jí) and 比較級(jí)”、“mre and mre+原級(jí)”
htter and htter mre and mre beautiful
6).“the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)”
The mre,the better.
Themrecarefulyuare,thefewer mistakes yu’ll make.
1)“the+最高級(jí)+in/ f 短語(yǔ)”,表“…中
最…的”。
This bk is the mst interesting f all. This is the biggest factry in Beijing.
2)“Which/ Wh is+ the +最高級(jí),A r B r
C? ”,表 “三者中最…的”。
Wh is the yungest,Tm,Jack r Jhn?
3)“ne f the +最高級(jí)+n 復(fù)”,表“最…
的…之一”。
She is ne f the mst ppular teachers.
4)“序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí)+n 單”,表“第幾最…”。
The Yellw River is the secnd lngest river in
China.
Math is the mst difficult subject f all. Math is mre difficult than any ther subject.
Math is mre difficult than the ther subjects. N subject is mre difficult than math.
六、易混形容詞辨析
1.-ing 形容詞和-ed 形容詞
2.其余易混知識(shí)點(diǎn)
-ing 形容詞
-ed 形容詞
例句
interesting surprising exciting mving tiring
bring
interested surprised excited mved tired
bred
I have an interesting bk. He is interested in science.
表示主動(dòng)意義, 一般修飾事物, 表示事物的特征或性
質(zhì),“令人…”
表示被動(dòng)意義, 一般修飾人, 表示人的感覺(jué),“感到...”
He is excited abut the exciting news.
①
gd
(a.) 好的,修飾名詞,eg: a gd by
well
(a.) 身體好的; (adv.)好地,修飾動(dòng)詞,eg: I’m well.speak English well
②
sick
做定語(yǔ),表示“生病的”,eg: a sick manthe sick
做表語(yǔ),表示“厭惡的”,eg: She feels sick in buses. I am sick f this kind f wrk.
ill
做表語(yǔ),表示“生病的”,eg: I am ill.
做表語(yǔ),表示“壞的”,eg: ill news 壞消息
③
alne
(a.)做表語(yǔ),表示“單獨(dú)的”,側(cè)重表示獨(dú)自一人,沒(méi)有同伴。不帶感情色彩, 只客觀陳述。
eg: She is alne in the huse.
(adv.)表示“獨(dú)自地”,eg: live alne
lnely
(a.)做表語(yǔ),表示“孤獨(dú)的”,帶有較濃的感情色彩。 eg: feel lnely
(a.)做定語(yǔ),表示“荒涼的,偏僻的”,eg: a lnely place
④
pleased
(a.)“感到滿(mǎn)意的”,一般是人做主語(yǔ),eg: I am pleased with the prgress.
pleasant
(a.)“令人滿(mǎn)意的”,一般是物做主語(yǔ),eg: a pleasant trip
pleasure
(n.) “快樂(lè)、愉悅”,eg: It’s my pleasure.With pleasure.
⑤
Hw lng
表示多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,主要用來(lái)對(duì)一段時(shí)間(如 three days, fur weeks 等)提問(wèn)。
Hw lng will yu stay there? Fr abut 3 days.
表示某東西有多長(zhǎng)。
第 07 講 動(dòng)詞辨析
【知識(shí)清單】
一、動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)
Hw lng is this river? It’s abut 3 kilmeters.
Hw far
表示距離有多遠(yuǎn)。
Hw far is it frm yur hme t schl? It’s 3 kilmeters.
Hw
ften
表示多久一次,對(duì)于頻率提問(wèn)。
Hw ften d yu d sprts? Twice a week.
Hw sn
表示還要多久。
Hw sn will he cme back? In 3 days.
1.系動(dòng)詞
①本身有詞義
②不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)
③后加表語(yǔ)
④說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份。
狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞:be
I am happy.
持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞:keep
Keep silent.
表像系動(dòng)詞:seem
He seems sad.
感官系動(dòng)詞:
lk,sund,taste,smell,feel
Sunds gd.
變化系動(dòng)詞:turn,get,becme
It’s getting ht.
2.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
①有一定詞義
②不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)
③必須加主要?jiǎng)釉~
④不表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài), 僅表說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度。
can (culd), may (might), must, have t, shall (shuld), will (wuld),need (needed)等。(詳見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞專(zhuān)題)
I can swim
Yu shuld sit here.
3.
助動(dòng)詞
①本身無(wú)意義或意義不完整
②不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)
③必須和其他動(dòng)詞用
④幫助構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ) 態(tài)、否定句、疑問(wèn)句等。
助動(dòng)詞 be+現(xiàn)在分詞:進(jìn)行時(shí)
I’m wrking.
助動(dòng)詞 be+過(guò)去分詞:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
The rm is cleaned.
助動(dòng)詞 have/has/had+過(guò)去分詞:完成
時(shí)
I have cleaned it.
助動(dòng)詞 will/wuld/shall+動(dòng)原:將來(lái)時(shí)
He will g t schl.
助動(dòng)詞 d/des/did+動(dòng)原:否定、疑問(wèn)
I dn’t knw.
D yu knw?
4.
實(shí)意動(dòng)詞
①有實(shí)際意思
②能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)
及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)
I like the bk.
不及物動(dòng)詞:不需加賓語(yǔ)
加介/副詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)
He arrived.
He arrived in Beijing.
延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)作持續(xù)+時(shí)間段
I can keep it fr 2
days.
非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)作瞬間
I brrwed it last
week.
二、易混動(dòng)詞辨析:
四個(gè)“花費(fèi)”
Itme 3 days t finish the reprt.
I3 hurs cleaning the huse every day.
If yu like this shirt I willfr yu.
This carthem $200,000.
It willus several years t learn a freign language well.
– Are yur shes expensive? – N, I nlyfive dllars n them.
– I am srry I can’t find the library bk. – I’m afraid yu have tit.
It usuallyCathy mre than ne hur t g shpping at weekends.
四個(gè)“穿戴”
The little by can(自己穿衣服).
Please get up and(穿衣服)quickly.
This dress is very beautiful. May I(穿上它)?
Lucy always(穿)a red cat.
The girl(穿紅衣服的) is my sister.
四個(gè)“說(shuō)”
May It Susan, please?
Can yuJapanese?
Heus sme interesting things.
Yu’d better(說(shuō)實(shí)話).
Can Iit in Chinese?
I want tt yu abut smething.
1. take
物做主語(yǔ)
It takes sb. +時(shí)間+ t d sth
2. cst
cst+錢(qián)
3. pay
人做主語(yǔ)
pay+錢(qián)+fr
4. spend
spend+錢(qián)/時(shí)+n sthspend+錢(qián)/時(shí)+(in)ding sth.
1. put n
穿上(動(dòng)作)
2.wear
穿著,戴著(狀態(tài))
3. dress
dress sb. 給某人穿衣dress neself 給自己穿衣get dressed 穿好衣服
4. (be)in+顏色
穿…顏色的衣服
1. say
say+內(nèi)容
2. talk
abut sth.
talk with sbtalk t sb
3. tell
tell sb./ sth.
tell sb. t d sth.tell stries
tell lies
4.speak
speak+語(yǔ)言
(電話用語(yǔ))speak t sb.
四個(gè)“看”
– What can yuin the picture? – I cana huse and sme trees.
My family members usuallyTV tgether in the evening.
carefully at the blackbard.
Srry I didn’tthe newspaper.
四個(gè)“拿”
– I am srry. I left my hmewrk at hme. – Never mind. Remember it here this afternn.
Yu canbth f the bks if yu like.
This bag is t heavy fr me.
There is little fd at hme. Culd yu g andsme?
三個(gè)“到達(dá)”
He is s tall that he canthe light.
Please let me knw when all the visitrs.
Please call me as sn as yut Shanghai.
Please call me as sn as yuin Shanghai.
Please call me as sn as yuthere.
三個(gè)“借”
We canbks frm the library.
1. lk at
(動(dòng)作) 看
2. see
(結(jié)果)看見(jiàn)
3. watch
觀看(連續(xù)性,運(yùn)動(dòng)性的畫(huà)面)
4. read
讀書(shū)/ 報(bào)紙/ 雜志
1. get
去拿(方向性)
2. bring
帶來(lái)(bring…t…)
3. take
拿走(take…t…)
4. carry
拿,搬(無(wú)方向性)
1. get
get t +地點(diǎn)
特殊:hmetherehere 前不用加
t/in/at
2. arrive
arrive+ in (大地點(diǎn))/ at (小地點(diǎn))
3. reach
reach+ 地點(diǎn)
1. brrw
借入brrw…frm…
2. lend
借出lend…t…
3. keep
借多久(延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段連用)
Culd yume yur pen?
Culd yuyur bikeme?
Hw lng can Ithe bk? – Yu canit fr 2 weeks. 5)Wuld yu pleaseyur stry bkme?
6)Hw lng have yuthe bk? – Fr nly tw days.
三個(gè)“聽(tīng)”
Suddenly Ia strange nise.
I canyu.
me please.
The plangreat.
Ithe teacher carefully.
Have yuthe famus ftball star?
I am lking frward tyu.
三個(gè)“找”
I dn’tmy pen,I’mit everywhere.
Pleasewhen the train leaves.
三個(gè)“參加”
1. listen
聽(tīng)(動(dòng)作)listen t…
2. hear
hear f hear frm
聽(tīng)見(jiàn)(結(jié)果) 聽(tīng)說(shuō)
收到來(lái)信
3. sund
聽(tīng)起來(lái)(五感動(dòng)詞)+adj.
1. lk fr
尋找(動(dòng)作)
2. find
找到(結(jié)果)
3. find ut
查明真相,弄明白
1. jin
①加入某個(gè)黨派,團(tuán)體組織等,成為其成員之一,意為:“參軍、入黨、加入俱樂(lè)部”等。jin the army/Party/club
②和某人一起做某事jin sb. in ding
2. jin in
多指參加小規(guī)模的活動(dòng)如“球賽、游戲”等。
Cme alng, and jin in the ball game.
3. take part in
參加會(huì)議或群眾性活動(dòng)等,并在其中發(fā)揮作用。take part in the activity
4.attend
正式用語(yǔ),及物動(dòng)詞,指參加會(huì)議,婚禮,葬禮,典禮;去上課,上學(xué), 聽(tīng)報(bào)告等。句子的主語(yǔ)只是去聽(tīng),去看,自己不一定起積極作用。
attend the meeting
We're ging t visit the flwer shw tmrrw. Will yuus?
Hw many cuntriesthe last Olympic Games?
He didn't-schl yesterday because f his illness.
All the league membersthe meeting.
Will yuusplaying basketball?
兩個(gè)“贏”
) Hefirst prize in the surfing cmpetitin.
) Wethe strngest team in the ftball match this time.
兩個(gè)“發(fā)現(xiàn)/發(fā)明”
兩個(gè)“忘”
make 的詞組
1 )This machineChina. 2 )Trees canpaper.
3 )The tablewd. 4 )The winegrape.
5 )The TV setthe wrkers in the factry.
lk 的詞組
1. win
+活動(dòng)、比賽、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
2. beat
+對(duì)手(人)
1. invent
發(fā)明(創(chuàng)新,以前沒(méi)有的)inventin(發(fā)明物)
2. discver
發(fā)現(xiàn)(原已存在,現(xiàn)在找到)
1. frget
frget t d 忘記要做某事frget ding 忘記做過(guò)…
2. leave
落下,遺留(在某個(gè)地方)
be made in
+sp.在某地制造
be made by
+sb.由某人制造
be made f
+材料(看得出材料)由…制成
be made frm
+材料 (看不出材料)
be made up f
+組成部分(由…組成)
be made …int
原材料 be made int 成品
lk up
查找(字典,電腦中)
lk like
看起來(lái)像……
lk after
照顧
lk fr
尋找
give 的詞組
put 的詞組
turn 的詞組
up 的詞組
ff 的詞組
up with 的詞組
lk ut
小心
lk ver
仔細(xì)檢查
lk thrugh
瀏覽,復(fù)習(xí)
lk frward t
期待
lk at
看...
give up
放棄
give ut
分發(fā)
give away
贈(zèng)送
give ff
散發(fā)(氣味)
put up
搭建,張貼
put n
穿上
put ff
推遲
put away
收拾
put ut
熄滅
put dwn
放下
turn n
打開(kāi)(水,電,氣)
turn ff
關(guān)(水,電,氣)
turn up
調(diào)高音量
turn dwn
調(diào)低音量
put up
張貼
set up
建立,設(shè)立
lk up
查閱
cheer up
使振奮,使高興
pick up
撿,偶然學(xué)得
send up
發(fā)射
take ff
起飛,脫下
turn ff
關(guān)
put ff
推遲
get ff
下車(chē)get n 上車(chē)
catch up with
追上
make up with
和解,與…和好
put up with
容忍
cme up with
提出
第 08 講 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般過(guò)去時(shí)
時(shí)態(tài)
構(gòu)成
例句
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
wrk/wrks
I wrk every day.
一般過(guò)去時(shí)
wrked
I wrked yesterday.
一般將來(lái)時(shí)
will/shall wrk
is/am/are ging t wrk
I will wrk tmrrw.
I am ging t wrk tmrrw.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
is/am/are wrking
She is wrking nw.
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
was/were wrking
They were wrking at that time.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
have/has wrked
He has wrked fr 2 hurs.
過(guò)去完成時(shí)
had wrked
He had learned 2000 wrds by the end f last year.
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
wuld wrk
was/were ging t wrk
She said that she wuld fly t Beijing next year.
She said that she was ging t wrk next year.
含義
1.表事物(或人)的特征、狀態(tài),eg: He has three sisters.
2.表經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作, eg: Bb ges shpping nce a mnth.
3.表客觀真理、客觀存在等,eg: The mn ges arund the earth.
注意
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式,即在動(dòng)詞原形后加-s 或-es。
三單構(gòu)成規(guī)則
1.大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞在詞尾加 s,如:read-reads
2.輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾,改 y 為 i 再加 es,如:study-studiescry-criesfly-flies
元音字母+y 結(jié)尾,直接加 s,如:play-playsenjy-enjys
3.以“s, x, ch, sh,”結(jié)尾的,在詞尾加“es”,
如:crss-crssesfix-fixeswatch-watcheswash-washesd-des
4.特殊:1) be 動(dòng)詞包括:am, is, are 第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)為 is2)have -has
標(biāo)志詞
always、usually、ften、smetimes、every day、n Sundays 等。
含義
表示事物(或人)在過(guò)去的特征、狀態(tài),eg: I was a teacher last year.
表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,eg: I watched TV last night.
過(guò)去式構(gòu)成
規(guī)則變化
1.大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞在詞尾加 ed,如:want-wanted
2.以不發(fā)音的字母 e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,直接加 d,如:hpe-hpedlive-lived
3.輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾,改 y 為 i 再加 es,如:study-studiedcry-cried
4.重讀輔元輔結(jié)尾需雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加 ed,如:stp-stppedplan-planned
一般將來(lái)時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
規(guī)則
不規(guī)則變
化
am(is)-wasare-wereg-wentd-did put-putcut-cuthurt-hurtcst-cst eat-ateswim-swambuy-bughtsee-saw
lse-lstteach-taughtbring-brughtthink-thught fall-fellhurt-hurtbreak-brkewin-wn
標(biāo)志詞
the ther daylast nightyesterdaysme years agat the age fin 1878
in the pastjust nwn that daynce upn a time
含義
表示將來(lái)計(jì)劃、準(zhǔn)備、打算做某事。
結(jié)構(gòu)
will/shall+d(動(dòng)詞原形)(will 可用于所有人稱(chēng),shall 只用于一人稱(chēng) I/we)
be ging t+d(動(dòng)詞原形)(be--am/is/are 根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的變化而變化)
標(biāo)志詞
tnighttmrrwthe day after tmrrwthis afternn
next weekin tw yearsthree days laterin 2019sn
注意
1.g, cme ,leave, stay, start, begin 等少數(shù)表位移的詞,用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。
I am cming.I am leaving fr Beijing sn.
2.由 if/ when/as sn as 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句,當(dāng)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí), 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。(主將從現(xiàn))
I will call yu as sn as I get t schl.
3.there be 的一般將來(lái)時(shí)
There will be
There is/are ging t be
含義
表示(說(shuō)話瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
構(gòu)成
be (am/ is/ are)+v-ing (動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞)
現(xiàn)在
1.一般情況下直接在動(dòng)詞后面加 ing
read—readingsleep---sleeping
2.以不發(fā)音的字母 e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,去掉字母 e 再加 ing
cme---cmingmake---making
分詞
構(gòu)成
3.以重讀輔元輔結(jié)尾,雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母再加 ing,如:
stp—stppingsit—sittingrun—runningbegin—beginning cut—cuttingget--gettingswim--swimmingdig--digging
規(guī)則
標(biāo)志詞
nw, lk, listen,these days, at this time
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
【知識(shí)清單】
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
【知識(shí)清單】
構(gòu)成
was/were+ ding
含義
表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
標(biāo)志詞
hen, at that time, at this time yesterday, at 8:00 yesterday mrning, all night 及
when/while
用法區(qū)別
When
①既指時(shí)間點(diǎn),也可指時(shí)間段;后可接終止性動(dòng)詞,也可接延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
②從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作可以是同時(shí),也可以是先后發(fā)生
③when 后一般接過(guò)去式:When the teacher came in, we were talking.
④表“突然”:I was having my dinner when there was a sudden knck at the dr.
While
①后接延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
②從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生
③while 后一般接進(jìn)行時(shí):While we were talking, the teacher came in.
④表“然而”:Mther was cking ,while father was watching TV .
定義
現(xiàn)在全部完成
表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或者已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。
I have seen this mvie twice.
現(xiàn)在部分完成
表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
I have lived in Changsha fr 3 years.
構(gòu)
成
have/has+過(guò)去分詞
標(biāo)志詞
already(“已經(jīng)”,用于肯定句)
He has already gt her help.
ye(t “已經(jīng)”,用于疑問(wèn)句;“還”,
用于否定句)
Has he cme back yet? He hasn’t cme back yet.
ever(曾經(jīng))
This is the best film I have ever seen.
never(從沒(méi))
He has never been t Beijing.
fr(+時(shí)間段)
He has been away fr tw years.
since ( +時(shí)間點(diǎn)/…ag/從句)
He has been an English teacher since 1992.
Mr Green has lived in China since five mnths ag. Mr Green has lived in China since he came t China.
以動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志,比如
twice,three times。
He says he has been t the USA three times.
以 s far, in the last/past few years,
recently 為標(biāo)志
He has gt t Beijing s far.
She has studied ver 2000 wrds in the last few years.
過(guò)去完成時(shí)
“終止”、“延續(xù)”的轉(zhuǎn)換
動(dòng)詞從詞義上可以分為延續(xù)性和非延續(xù)性?xún)煞N。當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一段時(shí)間連用時(shí),應(yīng)將非延
續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
《貓》已經(jīng)開(kāi)演
半個(gè)小時(shí)了。
“Cats” has began fr half an hur.
×
“Cats” has been n fr half an hur.√ “Cats” has began.√
這本字典你買(mǎi)
了多久了?
Hw lng have yu bught this dictinary?×
Hw lng have yu had this dictinary?
√
常見(jiàn)短暫性動(dòng)詞與其對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
1.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞
buy
have
brrw
keep
put n
wear
catch a cld
have a cld
becme
be
2.用“be+形容詞”代替
marry
be married
fall ill
be ill
fall asleep
be asleep
wake up
be awake
die
be dead
pen
be pen
clse
be clsed
3.用“be+副詞”代替
start/begin
be n
get up
be up
g ut
be ut
leave
be away
finish
be ver
jin
be a member/be in
結(jié)構(gòu)
had+過(guò)去分詞
使用
1.動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去。
He had written three stries by the end f last year.
2.用于主句為過(guò)去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。
They said they had seen the film.
標(biāo)志詞
by + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),by the end f + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),befre + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
第 09 講 動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)
含義
表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),即“站在過(guò)去看將來(lái)”, 常
用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。eg:I heard that they were ging t return t Shanghai sn.
構(gòu)成
1.由助動(dòng)詞“wuld(shuld)+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。
2.由“was/were ging t+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。
基本結(jié)構(gòu)
be+Vpp
主被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換
They
The classrm
clean
is cleaned
the classrm.
(by them).
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用
①不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。②沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
③強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受著。④句子主語(yǔ)是物。
具體構(gòu)成
時(shí)態(tài)
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)例句
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
例句
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
clean/cleans
is/am/are+cleaned
They clean the rm.
一般過(guò)去時(shí)
cleaned
was/were cleaned
He cleaned the rm.
一般將來(lái)時(shí)
will clean
will be cleaned
She will clean the rm.
be ging t clean
be ging t be cleaned
She is ging t clean the rm.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
am/is/are cleaning
am/is/are being cleaned
Lucy is cleaning the rm.
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
was/were cleaning
was/were being cleaned
I was cleaning the rm.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
have/had cleaned
have/has been cleaned
We have cleaned the rm.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
can clean
can be cleaned
He can clean the rm.
注意事項(xiàng)
1.帶雙賓的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
有兩種變換形式
She gave me a ty.
I was given a ty. / A ty was given t me.
2.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不可分割
We shuld take care f ld peple.
Old peple shuld be taken care f by us.
3.省 t 的不定式
see/hear/watch/feel/ntice/let/make/have
變被動(dòng)時(shí),應(yīng)加上 t
My mther makes me stay at hme.
I am made t stay at hme by my mther.
主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)
1.pen,lck,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,bu
rn,drive 等作不及物動(dòng)詞且主語(yǔ)為物時(shí)
This kind f shirt sells well.
第 10 講 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
【知識(shí)清單】
2.lk,sund,taste,smell 等系動(dòng)詞
Schl unifrms lk ugly n us.
3.be wrth ding
This bk is wrth reading.
4.want/need/require
ding=want/need/require t be dne
My car needs repairing.
My car needs t be repaired.
can
①能,會(huì)(現(xiàn)在的能力)
Can yu swim? Yes, I can.
②表請(qǐng)求或允許
Can I g nw? Yes, yu can.
③表推測(cè),常用于否定和
疑問(wèn)(表“不可能”)
He can’t be a ck.
culd
①能,會(huì)(過(guò)去的能力)
Culd yu swim when yu were 7 years ld? Yes, I culd.
②表請(qǐng)求或允許(更委婉)
Culd I g nw? Yes, yu can.
③表推測(cè)
He culd have gne hme.
be able t
表能力,有多種時(shí)態(tài)變化
We will be able t cme back next week.
may might
①表請(qǐng)求或允許(might 更委婉)
May/Might I smke in this rm? Yes, yu can./N, yu mustn’t(can’t).
②表推測(cè)(表“可能”)
Yur mther may /might knw the truth.
may
+動(dòng)詞原形(表“祝愿”)
May yu succeed!
maybe
“也許”,不能做謂語(yǔ),用于句首
Maybe he is frm America.
may be
“也許是”,充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ),用于句中
He may be frm America.
must
①表“必須”(主觀看法)
mustn’t 表示“禁止” 只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
We must cme in time.
Must I finish the wrk tday?
Yes,yu must./NO,yu needn’t(dn’t have t)
②表推測(cè),用于肯定句(表
“一定”)
Yur mther must be waiting fr yu nw.
have t
表“不得不”(客觀需要)
有更多時(shí)態(tài)
The play isn’t interesting, I really must g nw. I had t wrk when I was yur age.
need
+d 為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
(用于疑問(wèn)、否定)
Yu needn’t cme here s early. Need I finish the wrk tday?
Yes,yu must(have t)./N,yu needn’t.
第 11 講 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
【知識(shí)清單】
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是指在句子中不是謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞),即動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)外,可以承擔(dān)句子的其他成分。
【考點(diǎn)一:不定式】
+t d 為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞
I dn't need t see the dctr.
D yu need t g at nce? Yes, I d.
Will
表詢(xún)問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求
Will yu pass me the bk?
表意愿
I will d anything fr yu.
wuld
表詢(xún)問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求(更委婉)
Wuld yu please pass me the bk?
表意愿(過(guò)去的)
I wuld sit hurs alne.
shall
表詢(xún)問(wèn)、征求意見(jiàn)(用于一人稱(chēng))
Shall we meet at 3 pm?
shuld
表義務(wù)、責(zé)任,“應(yīng)該”
We shuld bey the traffic rules.
構(gòu)成
肯定:(t)+動(dòng)詞原形,t 為不定式符號(hào),本身無(wú)詞義
否定:nt (t)+動(dòng)詞原形
形式主語(yǔ)
It’s +adj.+(fr/f) sb. t d sth.
It’s useful t learn English.
It’s kind f yu t help me.
賓語(yǔ)
及物動(dòng)詞后
decide/expect/want/agree...
I have decided t study Japanese.
形式賓語(yǔ)
find/think it +adj.+t d sth.
He finds it easy t speak English every day.
省 t
Why nt Why dn’t yu
had better d... wuld rather d...
please d...
Why nt g t the park? Yu’d better stay here. I’d rather stay at hme. Please sit dwn.
賓補(bǔ)
賓補(bǔ)
t d
He asks me t carry the bx.
省 t
feel//hear/listen t/let/make/have/
lk at/see/watch/ntice
Let’s g.
He makes me clean the rm.
定語(yǔ)(后置)
起形容詞的作用
He was the first t cme t the rm.
修飾 smething/anything...
Have yu gt smething t drink?
狀語(yǔ)
放在不及物動(dòng)詞后表目的
放在某些形容詞后
He went t America t learn English. I’m glad t see yu again.
疑問(wèn)詞+不定式
wh/what/which/when...+t d
Can yu tell me hw t get there?
【考點(diǎn)二:動(dòng)名詞】
不定式的否定
nt/never+不定式
The teacher asks us nt t swim in the
river.
固定句式
He is t yung t dress himself.
enugh t...
He is ld enugh t g t schl.
It’s ne’s turn t d sth.
It’s my turn t clean the classrm.
It takes sb. st. t d sth.
It takes me tw hurs t finish the wrk.
構(gòu)成
動(dòng)詞原形+-ing
常跟動(dòng)名詞的詞
完成練習(xí)喜歡忙,
花費(fèi)困難不介意, 玩的開(kāi)心仍期待。
完成(finish)練習(xí)(practice)之后都喜歡(enjy)去忙(be busy) 喜歡的事情, 雖然喜歡的事要花費(fèi)(spend) 時(shí) 間 , 而 且 有 困 難 (have difficulty/truble/prblems ) , 但 是 我 不 介 意(mind), 因?yàn)槲颐看味纪娴煤荛_(kāi)心(have fun),
所以仍然很期待(lk frward t) 。
此 t 非彼 t
lk frward t ding
be used t ding prefer ding t ding
I am lking frward t hearing frm yu. She is used t getting up early.
I prefer swimming t dancing.
特殊情況
prefer t d sth. rather than d sth.
wuld rather d sth. than d sth.
I prefer t learn English rather than play tennis.
need/require/want+ding=
need/require/want t be dne
The car needs cleaning.=
The car needs t be cleaned.
動(dòng)詞后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別
stp t d 停下來(lái)去做某事
stp ding 停止做某事
Why nt stp t have a rest? Stp talking,please.
remember t d 記得要去做某事
remember ding 記得做過(guò)某事
Please remember t turn ff the light. I remember psting yur letter.
frget t t 忘記要去做某事
frget ding 忘記做過(guò)某事
I frgt t bring my hmewrk. I frgt bringing my hmewrk.
try t d 努力去做某事
try ding 嘗試做某事
Please try t d better next time. He tries speaking English t us.
g n t d 繼續(xù)做另一件事
g n ding 繼續(xù)做同一件事
G n t d the ther exercises after finishing this ne.
G n ding the exercises after a shrt rest.
regret t d 對(duì)要做的事感到遺憾
(未做)
regret ding 對(duì)做過(guò)的事感到后悔
(已做)
I regret t d this,but I have n chice. I dn’t regret telling her what I thught.
【考點(diǎn)三:分詞】
第 12 講 主謂一致和倒裝句
【考點(diǎn)一:主謂一致】
mean t d 打算做某事
mean ding 意味著做某事
I meant t g ,but my father wuld nt allw me t. Ding that means wasting time.
allw sb. t d 允許某人做某事
allw ding 允許做某事
We dn’t allw students t g ut n weekdays. We dn’t allw smking here.
動(dòng)名詞做
主語(yǔ)
動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)一般看做單數(shù)
Eating apples is gd fr ur health.
構(gòu)成
現(xiàn)在分詞:動(dòng)詞原形+-ing
過(guò)去分詞:動(dòng)詞原形+-ed
區(qū)別一
語(yǔ)態(tài):主動(dòng)a mving film
語(yǔ)態(tài):被動(dòng)the mved peple
時(shí)間:正在進(jìn)行 the develping cuntry
時(shí)間:已經(jīng)完成the develped cuntry
區(qū)別二
see/watch/ntice/hear/find sb d sth
表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成了或經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或整個(gè)全過(guò)程
I heard him sing in the classrm.
我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他在教室里唱歌了。
see/watch/ntice/hear/find sb ding sth
表動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行
I heard him singing in the classrm.
我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他正在教室里唱歌。
區(qū)別三
have/let/make sb. d sth.
讓某人做某事
The sldiers had the by stand utside.
have/keep sb./sth. ding sth.
讓某人/物一直做某事
He had the light burning all night lng.
have sth. dne
讓某事被別人做
The driver had his car washed nce a week.
語(yǔ)法一致原則:指主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
1.and 或
復(fù)數(shù)
Tm and Bb are gd friends.
Bth Mary and Ech are teachers.
2. 不 定 代 詞 either/neither/eachne/the
ther/anther/anybdy/nthing...
單數(shù)
Everyne is absent tday.
3.由 every 做
主語(yǔ)用于復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)后作同位語(yǔ)
單數(shù)
復(fù)數(shù)
Each by and each girl was given a new bk. We each have an umbrella.
4.主語(yǔ)后接有 with/alng with/tgether with/as
well as/n/rather than/including/besides/like/except/but
看主語(yǔ)
The teacher with his students is reading.
【考點(diǎn)二:倒裝句】
5.a number f+名詞復(fù)數(shù) “大量的”
the number f+名詞復(fù)數(shù) “…的數(shù)量”
復(fù)數(shù)
單數(shù)
A number f trees are cut dwn. The number f trees is 20.
6. a lt f/plenty f/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù) +f+名詞
看名詞
A lt f students are playing vlleyball.
7.a pair f+復(fù)數(shù)名詞
pairs f+復(fù)數(shù)名詞
單數(shù)
復(fù)數(shù)
A pair f glasses is n the table. Pairs f shes are made each day.
8.某些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞
clthes/trusers/shrts/pants/shes/glves 等
復(fù)數(shù)
My trusers are wrn ut.
9.不定式或動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)
單數(shù)
Reading is learning.
意義一致原則:指主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;或主語(yǔ)形式
上為復(fù)數(shù),但表示單數(shù)意義,這是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
1.a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞,指同一個(gè)人
或物;a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞, 指兩個(gè)人或物
單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)
The singer and writer is swimming.
The singer and the writer are swimming.
2.表示金錢(qián)、價(jià)格、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作
主語(yǔ)
單數(shù)
Three dllars is enugh.
3.集體名詞(family/team/crwd/class/grup/gvernment)
表整體概念 ,表集體中的成員
單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)
His family is ging t mve. His family are watching TV.
4.集合名詞(peple/plice/cattle)做主語(yǔ)
復(fù)數(shù)
The plice are helping a girl find her mm.
5.ne and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞
ne+單數(shù)名詞+and+a half
復(fù)數(shù)
單數(shù)
One an a half cakes have been eaten. One cake and a half has been eaten.
6.the+姓氏復(fù)數(shù),表“…一家人”
復(fù)數(shù)
The Whites prefer walking t driving
cars.
就近原則:指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式,取決于最靠近他的主語(yǔ)。
1. either … r … /neither … nr … /nt
(nly)…but (als)
Nt nly my parents but als I lk frward t meeting him.
2. There be…/Here be…
There is a bk and tw bks n the sfa.
1.s/neither 倒 裝句
表示“…也一樣”
S+be/情態(tài) V/助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)
(肯定句)
Neither+be/ 情態(tài) V/ 助動(dòng)詞+ 主語(yǔ)
(否定句)
--She is frm China.--S is Tm.
--They have gne t Japan.--Neither has Bb.
2.There be 句型
表示“(存在)有…”
There is a river in frnt f my huse.
3.副詞開(kāi)頭
以 here/there/ut/dwn/away 等開(kāi)頭
There cmes the bus.
Here yu are.(主語(yǔ)是代詞,用部分倒裝)
第 13 講 簡(jiǎn)單句和并列句
簡(jiǎn)單句
【特殊疑問(wèn)句和選擇疑問(wèn)句】常見(jiàn)疑問(wèn)詞
特殊疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序: 特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+其他?eg:Where is he frm?
選擇疑問(wèn)句
【反意疑問(wèn)句】
What(time/clr/size…)
什么(時(shí)候/顏色/尺寸…)
Hw
怎樣
When
什么時(shí)候
Hw ld
多大(年齡)
Where
哪里
Hw far
多遠(yuǎn)(距離)
Which
哪一個(gè)
Hw lng
多長(zhǎng)(時(shí)間/尺寸)
Why
為什么
Hw ften
多久一次(頻率)
Wh
誰(shuí)(主格)
Hw sn
還要多久
Whm
誰(shuí)(賓格)
Hw many
多少(+可數(shù)名詞)
Whse
誰(shuí)的
Hw much
多少(+不可數(shù)名詞);多少錢(qián)
一般選擇疑問(wèn)句:一般疑問(wèn)句+r+被選擇部分?
D yu like apples r pears?
特殊選擇疑問(wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)句,A r B ?
Which wuld yu like better, tea r cffee?
反意疑問(wèn)部分主語(yǔ)及謂語(yǔ)的確定:與主句保持一致,前肯后否/前否后肯(但要注意一些特殊情
況)
1.陳述部分:含 never/few/little/nthing/nbdy/hardly 等表否定的詞
反意部分:用肯定
There are few peple in the rm, are there?
2.陳述部分:There be
反意部分:be there
There is a tree in the garden, isn’t there?
3.陳述部分:指物的不定代詞 smething/anything/everything 等
反意部分:主語(yǔ)用 it
Smething is wrng with yur cmputer, isn’t it?
4.陳述部分:指人的不定代詞 smebdy/anybdy/everybdy 等
反意部分:主語(yǔ)用 he/they
Smebdy wants t see yu,desn’t he/dn’t they?
5.陳述部分:主語(yǔ)為 this/that,或 these/thse
反意部分:主語(yǔ)為 it,或 they
This is a great pht, isn’t it? Thse are great phts, aren’t they?
【考點(diǎn)三:感嘆句】
6.①陳述部分:have(有)反意部分:have/d
②陳述部分:have t (不得不、必須)反意部分:d
③陳述部分:have (吃、喝、玩、度過(guò))反意部分:d
④陳述部分:had better (最好)反意部分:had
⑤陳述部分:have (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))反意部分:have
①Tm has a watch, hasn’t/desn’t he?
②She has t finish it nw, desn’t she?
③We had a great time last night,didn’t we?
④We’d better stp talking, hadn’t we?
⑤He has gne t Krea, hasn’t he?
7. ①陳述部分:need(實(shí)意動(dòng)詞)反意部分:d
②陳述部分:need(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)反意部分:need
①We need t arrive at 8:00,dn’t we?
②We needn’t leave at nce, need we?
8.①陳述部分:must(必須)反意部分:needn’t
②陳述部分:must(一定)反意部分:跟據(jù) must 后的詞
①They must cme n time,needn’t they?
②The man must be frm the US,isn’t
he?
9.陳述部分:I am反意部分:aren’t I
I’m right, aren’t I?
10.陳述部分:肯定祈使句反意部分:will/wn’t
陳述部分:否定祈使句反意部分:will
Listen t me carefully,will/wn’t yu? Dn’t play with fire, will yu?
11.陳述部分:Let’s 開(kāi)頭反意部分:Shall we
陳述部分:Let us 開(kāi)頭反意部分:Will yu
Let’s g t the park, shall we? Let us help yu, will yu?
12.①陳述部分:復(fù)合句反意部分:與主句保持
②陳述部分:復(fù)合句反意部分:與從句保持
(主語(yǔ):I/We,謂語(yǔ):think/suppse/expect/believe/imagine 等)
①She said he wuld cme tmrrw, didn’t she?
②I think he is a gd student, isn’t he?
反意疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ):如果答案是肯定的,則用 yes;如果答案是否定的,則用 n。
Lucy skates very well, desn’t she? Yes, she des.
They dn’t like the huse, d they? N, they dn’t.
由 what 引導(dǎo)
What + a/an+adj. +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!
What an attractive by Karry is!
What+adj. +復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!
What attractive bys they are!
What+adj. +不可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!
What terrible weather it is!
由 hw 引導(dǎo)
Hw+adj. +a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!
Hw interesting an American drama it is!
Hw+adj. /adv. +主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!
Hw interesting the actrs are!
Hw+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+(或其他)!
Hw time flies!
傻瓜式三步曲做題技巧
1.去主謂
()interesting mvie (it is)!
2.剩余部分是形容詞直接加名詞,則選 what,不
是選 hw
( What)interesting mvie (it is)!
3.名詞如果是單數(shù)可數(shù),則加 a/an
( What an )interesting mvie (it is)!
【考點(diǎn)四:祈使句】
并列句
第 14 講 狀語(yǔ)從句
【知識(shí)清單】
含義:表示命令、請(qǐng)求、建議或勸告等。主語(yǔ)通常省略,用動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭。
祈使句的肯定句式
1. 行為動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分
Sit dwn!
2. Be 動(dòng)詞+其他成分(形容詞、名詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等)
Be careful!
3. Let+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分
Let’s g!
祈使句的否定句式
1.祈使句的否定句式,通常在句首加上 Dn’t 或 Never
Dn’t be late.
2.Let’s+nt+動(dòng)詞原形
Let’s nt speak ludly.
3.N+Ving/n.
N smking.N phts.
注意
1.表委婉語(yǔ)氣,可在句首或句尾加 please
Please sit dwn.Sit dwn, please.
2.在意思較為明顯的情況下,可省略謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
This way,please.
3.有時(shí)為了明確向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或發(fā)出命令,可加稱(chēng)呼
Turn ff the light, Jim.
4.某些名詞、形容詞或副詞后面加感嘆號(hào),也是祈使句
Hands up!
含義
用并列連詞連接起來(lái)的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句叫做并列句。
表順承、并列、遞進(jìn)
well as/nt als...
表轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比
but/yet/while
表選擇
(或、否則)
表因果
s/fr
分類(lèi)
從句引導(dǎo)詞
用法
①既指時(shí)間點(diǎn),也可指時(shí)間段;后可接終止性動(dòng)詞,
也可接延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
②從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作可以是同時(shí),也可以是先
時(shí)間狀從
when
當(dāng)...時(shí)
后發(fā)生
③when 后一般接過(guò)去式:When the teacher came in, we were talking.
④表“突然”:I was having my dinner when there was a
sudden knck at the dr.
while
當(dāng)...時(shí)
①后接延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
②從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生
③while 后一般接進(jìn)行時(shí):While we were talking, the teacher came in.
④ 表“ 然而” : Mther was cking ,while father was
watching TV .
since
自從...
since 引導(dǎo)的從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí),主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
I have wrked in this hspital since I came t Beijing.
until/till
直到
主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
I’ll wait fr yu till yu cme back.
直到...才
主 句 的 謂 語(yǔ) 動(dòng) 詞 是 非 延 續(xù) 性 動(dòng) 詞 ( 有 時(shí) 用
never,nthing 等替代 nt 表否定)
I didn’t g t bed until I finished my wrk.
as sn as
一...就
I’ll call yu as sn as I get t schl.
befre/after
在...之前/后
條件狀從
if
如果
If it desn’t rain tmrrw, we will have a picnic.
as lng as
只要
Yu'll succeed as lng as yu wrk hard.
unless
除非
She will keep n singing unless she is tld t stp.
原因狀從
because
因?yàn)椋ú慌c s 連用)
I can't d it nw because I am busy.
since
既然
Since everyne is here,let’s begin ur meeting.
as
由于
As it is raining, yu’d better take a taxi.
目的
狀從
s that
in rder that
為了
I get up early s that I can catch the bus.
結(jié)果
狀從
如此...以至于
It’s s cld that nbdy wants t g ut.
讓步狀從
thugh
althugh
雖然(不與 but 連用)
They are generus althugh they are pr.
even if
即使
Even thugh he was late, he was nt criticized by the
teacher.
whatever wherever whenever
無(wú)論什么無(wú)論哪里
無(wú)論何時(shí)
比較狀從
than
比...
She speaks mre English than she did last term.
和...一樣
He knws as much abut America as we d.
nt
不如...
The task is nt s easy as it sunds.
【狀語(yǔ)從句重難點(diǎn)】
主將從現(xiàn):當(dāng)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)/祈使句/含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,表示將來(lái)的意義時(shí),從句通常用一般現(xiàn) 在時(shí)。
常出現(xiàn)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句。eg: I’ll call yu as sn as I get t schl.
注意:
eg: (). —I want t knw if Mariaus in the fashin shw tnight.
—I believe if sheher hmewrk, she will jin us.
A. jins; finishesB. will jin; finishes
C. jins; will finishD. will jin; will jin
第 15 講 賓語(yǔ)從句
【知識(shí)清單】
在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句三大考點(diǎn):時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)序、引導(dǎo)詞。
if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句
如果
主將從現(xiàn)
If yu cme t the party,yu will have a great
time.
if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句
是否
視具體情況
I wnder if yu will cme t the party tmrrw.
I wnder if yu went t the party last night.
時(shí)態(tài)
如果主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句可根據(jù)實(shí)際情
況而定。
I believe that she has left Changsha. I wnder if he came here last night.
如果主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句一般要用過(guò)去
某種時(shí)態(tài)。
She tld me that she wuld jin the club.
如果賓從是客觀真理,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
The teacher tld us that light travels faster
than sund.
語(yǔ)序
賓語(yǔ)從句總是用陳述句語(yǔ)序,即從句的引導(dǎo) 詞后是主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序;當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞
作主語(yǔ)時(shí),后面直接跟謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。
I wnder if he is a driver.
D yu knw what his name is? I dn’t knw wh saved the girl.
引導(dǎo)詞
當(dāng)從句為陳述句時(shí),用that 引導(dǎo)(口語(yǔ)中可省)
I knw (that) she is a bss.
當(dāng)從句為一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí),用 whether/if 引導(dǎo)
I wnder if she is a bss.
特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句的連接詞由該特殊疑問(wèn)句的疑問(wèn)詞充當(dāng)。 特殊疑問(wèn)句做賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句都用“引導(dǎo)詞+陳述句語(yǔ)
序”,句末是否用問(wèn)號(hào)由主句來(lái)定。
Culd yu please tell me where yu are frm?
He wants t knw what he is.
注
1. 當(dāng) 賓 語(yǔ) 從 句 表 否 定 意 義 時(shí) , 如 果 主 句 主 語(yǔ) 為 第 一 人 稱(chēng) , 謂 語(yǔ) 動(dòng) 詞 為
think,believe,guess,suppse 等詞時(shí),通常將否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。如:I dn’t believe he will cme.我相信他不會(huì)來(lái)了。
2.含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句在一定條件下可以轉(zhuǎn)化為簡(jiǎn)單句。
如:I dn’t knw hw I shuld d it next.I dn’t knw hw t d it next.
意
第 16 講 定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞的選擇
(1)I knw the writerwn the first prize.
(2)He is the manI met yesterday.
(3)I like musicI can dance t.
(4)I prefer bksare written in English.
(5)Please pass me the bkcver is green.
關(guān)系副詞的選擇
定語(yǔ)
修飾、限定名詞或者代詞,翻譯成“…的”,相當(dāng)于形容詞。
He is a talented singer.
定語(yǔ)(單詞)
I lve the singer in black.
定語(yǔ)(短語(yǔ))
定語(yǔ)從句
I lve the singer wh can write sngs.
定語(yǔ)(句子)
先行詞
the singer
被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞語(yǔ)
關(guān)系詞
wh
代替先行詞
在從句中擔(dān)任句子成分:主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/定語(yǔ)/ 狀語(yǔ)
做連詞, 把主句和從句連接起來(lái)
先行詞
主語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)(可省略)
定語(yǔ)
人
wh/that
wh/whm/that
whse
物
which/that
which/that
whse
注意:wh/that/which 在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致.
e.g.He likes musicians wh play different kinds f music. I have a friend wh plays chess well.
先行詞
狀語(yǔ)
例句
時(shí)間
when
I still remember the days when we lived in Beijing.
(I still remember the days that/which we spent in Beijing.)
地點(diǎn)
where
This is the schl where I studied 2 years ag.
(This is the schl that/which I visited 2 years ag.)
原因
why
We dn’t knw the reasn why he was late fr schl.
(We dn’t knw the reasn that/which he prvided fr yu.)
這是一份2022年九年級(jí)中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)梳理 - 冠詞全解教案學(xué)案,共7頁(yè)。
這是一份2022年中考九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法---現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)全解學(xué)案,共15頁(yè)。
這是一份2022年中考九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法--冠詞全解學(xué)案,共15頁(yè)。
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