
Samuel Langhrne Clemens was brn in Flrida, Missuri, n Nvember 30, 1835. Twain was the sixth f seven children, but nly three f his siblings survived childhd.
薩繆爾于1835年11月30日出生在美國密蘇里州佛羅里達。他是家中7個小孩的第6個小孩。他只有兩個兄弟姊妹可以在童年過后幸存下來。
When Twain was 11, his father died f pneumnia. The next year Twain left schl t becme a printer’s apprentice. In 1851, he began wrking as a typesetter and cntributr f articles and humrus sketches fr the Hannibal Jurnal, a newspaper Orin wned.
馬克·吐溫11歲時父親死于肺炎。次年離開學校先在印刷所學徒,1851年他在哥哥Orin創(chuàng)辦的《漢尼拔雜志》當送報人和排字工。
It was mre than tw years befre he received his pilt’s license. Pilting gave him his pen name, Mark Twain, frm “mark twain”, the leadsman’s cry fr a measured river depth f tw fathms (12 feet), which was safe water fr a steambat.
馬克·吐溫在他得到領航員執(zhí)照(1859年)之前花了2年多一絲不茍地研究了密西西比河的2000米。也因此得到他的筆名Mark Twain。(意思是:水深12英尺,輪船可以安全通過)
He referred humrusly t his lack f success at mining, turning t jurnalism fr the Virginia City Territrial Enterprise.
在放棄礦工一職后,吐溫在維吉尼亞城的一家報紙《企業(yè)報》工作。
In 1867, a lcal newspaper funded a trip t the Mediterranean. It was n this trip that he met his future brther-in-law, Charles Langdn, wh shwed a picture f his sister Olivia t Twain. Twain claimed t have fallen in lve at first sight.
1867年,一家當?shù)氐膱蠹執(zhí)峁┝艘淮瓮刂泻5貐^(qū)的輪船旅游。就是在這次旅行中他遇見了查爾斯·蘭登(Charles Langdn)并看到蘭登姊姊 歐麗維亞(Olivia Langdn)的相片。吐溫對她一見鐘情。(途中,他還寫了1869年收集成的旅行信件系列《傻子旅行》)
A cmplete bibligraphy f his wrks is nearly impssible t cmpile because f the vast number f pieces written by Twain and his use f several different pen names. Thus, the cllectin f Twain’s wrks is an nging prcess.
他的著作全集編纂工作幾乎不可能實現(xiàn),這個工作一直在進行中,因為他作品數(shù)目巨大而且筆名很多。
Twain’s first imprtant wrk, The Celebrated Jumping Frg f Calaveras Cunty, was first published in the New Yrk Saturday Press n Nvember 18, 1865.
馬克·吐溫的第一部巨著《卡城名蛙》,在1865年11月18日在《紐約周六報刊》首次出版。(這作品在那里出版的唯一原因是因為它完成得太遲,趕不及納入阿特姆斯·沃德收集美國西部特色著作的書中。)
Next majr publicatin:The Adventures f Tm Sawyer, which drew n his yuth in Hannibal. Tm Sawyer was mdeled n Twain as a child, with traces f tw schlmates and Twain’s friend.
《湯姆·索亞歷險記》是美國著名小說家馬克·吐溫的代表作,發(fā)表于1876年。描寫了他在漢尼拔的童年。吐溫模仿自己小時候和童年伙伴的性格,塑造出湯姆·索亞的性格來。(《哈克貝利芬歷險記》是其姊妹篇)
Henry, a penniless American Businessman landed in Britain by accident. Wandering in Lndn streets, he was asked t step inside a huse. After being asked many questins, he was given a letter. As it turns ut, tw wealthy ld brthers make a bet, which centers n a ne-millin-pund bank nte that ne f the brthers acquires. Culd a perfectly hnest and intelligent stranger nly live n it?
It tells the stry f tw bys brn n the same day wh are physically identical, the bk acts as a scial cmmentary as the prince and pauper switch places. Pauper was Twain’s first attempt at histrical fictin.
倫敦貧民區(qū)的小乞丐湯姆陰差陽錯進了威斯敏斯特宮殿,遇到了跟他從年紀到長相都相仿的愛德華王子。兩個孩子出于好奇,相互換了衣服,跌進了對方的命運。
Twain was in great demand as a featured speaker, perfrming sl humrus talks, similar t what wuld later becme stand-up cmedy. He visited Sydney in 1895 as part f a wrld lecture tur.
馬克·吐溫作為著名演說家很受歡迎,表演單口幽默演講,類似于后來的單口喜劇表演。環(huán)球演說旅行,1895在澳大利亞悉尼。(右圖為Sydney Writers Walk的一塊匾)
Twain was fascinated with science and scientific inquiry. He develped a clse and lasting friendship with Nikla Tesla, and the tw spent much time tgether in Tesla’s labratry.
馬克·吐溫對科學非常著迷。他與天才科學家Nikla Tesla建立了親密持久的友誼,兩人經常長時間待在Tesla的實驗室。
During his later life, Twain published several literary reviews in newspapers t help make ends meet. He became an extremely utspken critic f nt nly ther authrs, but als ther critics. Thse under Twain’s attack were Gerge Elit, Jane Austen, and Rbert Luis Stevensn.
晚年的馬克·吐溫為了維持生計,在報紙上發(fā)表多篇文學評論。這段時間的他經常犀利地評論其他作家和其他評論者。受過他攻擊的有:喬治·艾略特,簡·奧斯汀和羅伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森。
Twain passed thrugh a perid f deep depressin that began in 1896 when his family and friends left him ne by ne. Mark Twain died n April 21, 1910.
從1896年起,馬克·吐溫的女兒和朋友一個個離開他,他經歷了郁悶期,直至1910年4月21日逝世。(他降生和離世的那一年,哈雷彗星都曾劃過長空。)
Hnred by peple
Mark Twain 馬克·吐溫
Mark Twain Prize
The Mark Twain Prize fr American Humr is an American award fr humr awarded by the Jhn F. Kennedy Center fr the Perfrming Arts annually since 1998.
肯尼迪表演藝術中心于1998年設立馬克·吐溫美國幽默獎,以獎勵那些使用與19世紀美國著名作家馬克·吐溫類似的幽默諷刺的方式,對美國社會產生影響的公眾人物。
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