名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則 抽象名詞具體化 模板01 名詞模版 (2024新課標I卷)These plants included mdern Western 62 (favurite) such as rsemary, lavender and fennel. 【答案】favrites。 【模板】根據(jù)模板名詞的數(shù)1:如果為可數(shù)名詞,要考慮其單復(fù)數(shù),...根據(jù)上下文意義可知。 【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:這些植物包括現(xiàn)代西方最受喜愛的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favrite是可數(shù)名詞,意為“特別受喜愛的東西”,根據(jù)空后such as rsemary, lavender and fennel可知,空處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填favrites。 (2024新課標II卷)Althugh they culd never have met, there are cmmn ___57___ (theme)in their wrks, said Paul Edmndsn, head f research fr the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 【答案】themes。 【模板】根據(jù)模板名詞的數(shù)3:如果名詞在句子中充當主語,根據(jù)謂語動詞的形式判斷其主語的單復(fù)數(shù)。如果謂語動詞使用單數(shù)形式,做主語的名詞使用單數(shù)形式;如果謂語動詞使用復(fù)數(shù)形式,做主語的名詞使用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。 【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:莎士比亞故居信托基金會的研究主管Paul Edmndsn說,盡管他們從未見過面,但他們的作品中都有共同的主題。本句為“there be”句型,為倒裝句,根據(jù)謂語動詞“are”可判斷,本句主語為名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填themes。 【2024屆江西省南昌市東湖區(qū)南昌市模擬】The ldest 12 (evident) f ndles was frm 4,000 years ag in China. 【答案】evidence 【模板】根據(jù)模板名詞的數(shù)2:如果名詞不可數(shù),通常沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 【解析】考查名詞。句意:面條最古老的證據(jù)來自4000年前的中國。本空用不可數(shù)名詞evidence“證據(jù)”,作主語,且故填evidence 。 模板 02 數(shù)詞模板 As we can learn frm the newspaper, they are already in their (thirty) withut a child. 【答案】thirties 【模板】序數(shù)詞整十變換規(guī)律。 【解析】考查數(shù)詞的用法。句意:我們從報紙上可以了解到,他們已經(jīng)三十多歲了,沒有孩子?!癷n ne’s+基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”表示“在某人幾十多歲時”,為固定搭配。故填thirties。 Yu’d better g hme t see yur parents (tw) a week. They need mre care. 【答案】twice 【模板】根據(jù)數(shù)詞模板4,數(shù)詞的固定搭配。 【詳解】考查固定用法。句意:你最好每周回家看你父母兩次。他們需要更多的照顧。twice意為“兩次,兩倍”,twice a week“一周兩次”。故填twice。 Passage 1 【2024-2025學(xué)年湖南省雅禮中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期月考卷】China has made sustained effrts t battle against desertificatin ver the years. Frm encuraging public participatin t adpting plicy measures, the cuntry 1 (take) effective and practical steps t cntrl desertificatin, 2 (transfrm) pr sil int frests and grasslands. China appinted March 12 as Natinal Tree Planting Day in 1979, and Chinese citizens 3 (vluntary) planted apprximately 78.1 billin trees between 1982 and2021 acrss the vast cuntry. The gvernment has als launched varius greening prjects, targeting areas 4 deserts have threatened the lcal eclgical envirnment and narrwed peple’s living space. The Three-Nrth Shelterbelt Frest Prgram (TSFP), 5 large-scale affrestatin prject, is a gd example. Launched in 1978 and scheduled 6 (cmplete) in 2050, it has effectively limited the 7 (expand) f desertificatin and becme a “green Great Wall” preventing sandstrms. The prject has been acknwledged 8 a successful example f glbal eclgical gvernance. In additin, China has actively cnducted 9 (exchange) and cperatin with Belt and Rad cuntries, and has established an internatinal knwledge management center fr desertificatin preventin and cntrl. Mving frward, the wrld’s secnd-largest ecnmy remains 10 (determine) t carve ut an ec-friendly path fr glbal green develpment.Passage 2 【2025屆重慶市西南大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)校高三上學(xué)期一診模擬英語試題 】Just like in the West at Christmas time, as Chinese New Year appraches, hmes, businesses, shpping centers, ffices, shps, airprts and train statins 1 (dress) in their hliday best. A sea f red and gld, bright lanterns and auspicius (吉祥的) plants and flwers are the hallmarks f the seasn, indicating the 2 (arrive) f the largest and mst imprtant festival f the year. These are sme f the traditinal decratins used during the seasn 3 als carry sme symblic meanings. BRIGHT RED LANTERNS: They are perhaps the mst ppular way 4 (add) that spark t the celebratins. Yu find them ppping up everywhere arund twn, the temples, the stres, hmes, parks... Chinese lanterns cme 5 all srts f shapes, sizes and clrs, althugh fr Chinese New Year, the traditinal red and gld balln lantern is ne f the mst ppular nes. The red Chinese Lantern has becme 6 symbl f Chinese culture. T Chinese, it represents vitality and prsperity, and yu see them hanging year-rund in Chinatwns arund the wrld. CHINESE KNOTS: Chinese Knts are put up during the hlidays r given as gd-luck charms t yur lved nes. They prtect peple frm evil spirits and particularly the “ 7 (end) knts” are a sign f an “eternal” life r lngevity. ANCIENT CHINESE COINS: Cins are f curse assciated with wealth and prsperity. 8 (traditinal), yu will see the ancient cin with the square hle in the middle used as decrative 9 (bject). Als ppular are charms with three cins 10 (tie) with red string fr gd luck. Passage 3 【2024-2025學(xué)年江西省贛州市贛州贛撫吉十五校聯(lián)考高三上學(xué)期12月月考英語試題】Chinese calligraphy is an artistic practice f writing Chinese characters, ften with a brush and ink n xuan paper. The evlutin f Chinese calligraphy began alngside the earliest Chinese characters 1 (discver) t date-inscriptins (銘文) n bnes frm the Shang Dynasty in Anyang, Henan prvince. Later, calligraphy gradually 2 (take) shape as a frm f art rather than a mere means f recrd. The five majr styles f script, running, cursive, fficial, seal and regular, 3 (bear) frm such calligraphy. Chinese calligraphy is a demanding and 4 (advance) art, which turns Chinese characters int images thrugh pressure and speed variatins f the pinted Chinese brush. It is said that the emtins and philsphy f the writer are 5 (direct) reflected n calligraphy. Lan Ting Xu (The Orchid Pavilin Preface), 6 was created by Wang Xizhi during the Eastern Jin Dynasty, is ne f the mst famus 7 (wrk) f Chinese calligraphy. Its elegance and expressive brushwrk made it f bth histrical and cultural 8 (significant) in Chinese literature. Calligraphy is als 9 reach. It is seen n the walls f ffices, shps, htels, and huses everywhere. 10 there is Chinese language, there is Chinese calligraphy. The art f Chinese calligraphy is still highly valued tday, fr it is mre than just writing, it is a living heritage. Passage 4 【2024-2025學(xué)年云南省開遠市第一中學(xué)校(開遠一中實驗學(xué)校)高三上學(xué)期12月月考英語試題】Making water n the mn using lunar sil is a tpic that attracts many scientists. The water cntent f the lunar sil is extremely lw, ranging 1 0.0001 percent t 0.02 percent. This makes extracting the water right there n the mn very difficult — but nt 2 (pssible). In the lunar sil samples 3 (bring) back by the Chang’e 5 lunar prbe in 2020, Chinese scientists fund large 4 (amunt) f hydrgen as a result f billins f years f 35 (expse) t slar winds. When subjected t high temperatures, the hydrgen reacts with the sil, generating elemental irn (單質(zhì)鐵) alng with water. If the temperature ges abve 1,000℃, the. sil will break dwn, 6 (release) the water as cllectible vapr. Thrugh this methd, “I tn f lunar sil can prduce mre than 50 kilgrams f water, 7 is enugh fr 50 peple t drink fr ne day.” Wang Junqiang, a prfessr at the Chinese Academy f Sciences, tld China Daily. Accrding t 8 (he), the finding lays a fundatin fr China t prceed with its plan t build 9 internatinal lunar research statin. In 2035, a statin with basic functins 10 (cnstruct) near the mn’s suth ple. Passage 5 【2025屆福建省寧德市部分達標學(xué)校高三上學(xué)期12月第二次聯(lián)考(二模)英語試題】 Calligraphy’s rts can be traced back t ancient civilizatins such as China, Egypt, Greece, and Rme. It emerged 1 a frm f written cmmunicatin, where skilled artists used their mastery f ink and brushes 2 (create) visually amazing texts. In China, calligraphy was a respected art frm 3 (assciate) with intellect and spirituality. In medieval (中世紀的) Eurpe, beautifully written and decrated bks 4 (see) as imprtant parts f culture and religin. Thrugh the ages, calligraphy develped acrss different cultures, each 5 (maintain) a unique style and set f techniques. The advent (到來) f the printing press in the 15th century marked a turning pint fr calligraphy. With the mass prductin f printed materials, the demand fr handwritten texts reduced. The 6 (industry) revlutin further sped up this decline, as peple accepted mdern, mechanical means f cmmunicatin. While calligraphy experienced a decline, it never 7 (cmplete) disappeared. Passinate individuals, calligraphers, and academics kept studying and teaching it, s it lived n. Hwever, it wasn’t until the latter half f the 20th century 8 calligraphy truly began t experience a revival. One f the significant 9 (driver) f the revival was the desire fr a return t handmade and authentic art frms. In a wrld filled with mass-prduced gds and digital cmmunicatin, peple sught a way t recnnect with the persnal aspects f art. Calligraphy prvided 10 apprach fr this recnnectin. Passage 6 【2024-2025學(xué)年山東省青島第二中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期12月月考英語試題】In an age f rapidly grwing urbanizatin, rftp farming has emerged as a sustainable respnse 1 the challenge f creating green space in cities. This innvative practice transfrms rftps int mini farms, where vegetables, fruits, and even flwers 2 (plant), prviding lcal residents with fresh prduce and adding 3 tuch f nature t urban envirnments. Rftp farming, als 4 (refer) t as vertical agriculture, is mre than just a trend it’s a step, twards envirnmental cnservatin. Green rfs with vegetatin prvide help 5 (absrb) sunlight and release misture, cling the air and reducing the demand fr air cnditining, which in turn lessens energy 6 (cnsume) and carbn emissin . Meanwhile, rftp farms serve as educatinal platfrms, 7 (teach) city dwellers abut sustainable agriculture practices and the imprtance f lcally surced fd. As urban ppulatins cntinue t grw, rftp farming fsters cmmunity engagement 8 prmtes healthier lifestyles by prviding access t fresh and rganic prduce . When we lk twards a future 9 envirnmental cnsciusness and sustainable practices becme increasingly vital, rftp farming stands as a testament t ur ability t cultivate mre than just fd — we cultivate hpe fr a 10 ( green) and mre sustainable wrld. Passage 7 【2024-2025學(xué)年廣西南寧二中、柳鐵一中高三上學(xué)期12月聯(lián)合調(diào)研測試英語試題】After a three-year hiatus (斷更), renwned Chinese vide influencer Li Ziqi restarted psting nline tw new vides n Tuesday afternn. The vides 1 (share) by her acrss scial media platfrms, including Duyin, Sina Weib, and YuTube. One newly upladed vide shwed 2 she turned a wdshed int a wdland clakrm (衣帽間), 3 the ther shwcased her craft using the intangible cultural heritage Chinese lacquerware (漆器) techniques. Within five and a half hurs after its release, the vide f the lacquerware has gained 100millin views n Sina Weib, with 4 ttal f 1.6 millin interactins, including shares, cmments, and likes. Since then, many netizens 5 (fld) the cmment area with messages f supprt and expressed hw much they missed her cntent. A fan n YuTube cmmented, “I really missed yur vides, yu and yur grandmther. Whenever I watch yur vides, I feel 6 (relax), ” eching the sentiments f many f her fllwers. Li started psting shrt vides n Sina Weib in 2016, 7 (feature) petic prtrayals f rural life, traditinal cking techniques, and cultural practices. 8 the fact that she hasn’t updated her cntent since July 14th, 2021, she has seen her fllwers increase and fans request new vides during her 9 (absent). In her 10 (late) Weib pst, she wrte a cmment, “I’ll catch up with everyne after I finish my busy schedule. Miss yu!” Passage 8 【2024-2025學(xué)年四川省成都市成都實驗外國語學(xué)校教育集團高三上學(xué)期12月聯(lián)考英語試卷】The Frbidden City, a masterpiece f ancient Chinese architecture and culture, 1 (huse) amazing Chinese cultural and histrical relics. Hwever, ver time, these relics have suffered frm wear and tear. 2 (address) this issue, the restratin f these precius relics has becme a crucial task. The restratin prcess cmes alive in the dcumentary Masters in the Frbidden City, which has remained an nline hit 3 its release in 2016. Fcusing n 4 the restrers d during the restratin prcess, the dcumentary has received general 5 (recgnize) as it gives viewers a rare pprtunity t gain insights int the craftsmanship. The restrers are cmmitted t preserving the riginal essence f the relics while 6 (fix) any damage they may have suffered. The restratin f cultural relics is 7 nging and never-ending task. Many yung peple lk up t the skills shwn in Masters in the Frbidden City, 8 few wuld ever think f trying the jb fr themselves. Tian Chenxin, a 16-year-ld student frm Chengdu, is ne f the few. As a vlunteer at the Chengdu Museum, she spent 9 (hur) learning frm the experts. She dreams f ne day 10 (huge) cntributing t the preservatin f China’s cultural heritage. Passage 9 【2024-2025學(xué)年浙江省北斗星盟高三上學(xué)期12月階段性聯(lián)考英語試題】“It is an utstanding cnclusin t a great Beethven cycle. Frank Peter Zimmermann and Martin Helmchen finish their prject in fine style,” says Julian Haylck. We are 1 (current) experiencing ne f the mst exciting perids in recrding. We have been especially lucky ver the last decade r s, 2 charming recrdings f Beethven’s vilin snatas that make sme lder nes sund rdinary. Frank Peter Zimmermann and Martin Helmchen are an utstanding team, 3 latest release brings their three-disc survey t 4 uplifting cnclusin. The “l(fā)ittle” N.8 is kept light-as-air, with sme music jkes ccasinally thrwn ff frm magical hands. One f the trickiest mvements in the cycle 5 (be) the central Minuett (小步舞曲), yet here it is kept flwing and dancing, gently 6 (mix) with delicate precisin. These are the readings that als have their great arms firmly n the music. The 7 (distinguish) players create a sense f anticipatin in the intrductin t Kreutzer Snata’s pening mvement, which 8 (play) cmpletely with Zimmermann ver the wnderful music pauses. Finest f all is a reading f the Op.96 Snata that allws listeners 9 (dream) a little and feel the 10 (cmpser) undervalued silence in all its charm. Passage 10 【2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期河南省通義四省名校聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考第一次聯(lián)考】American literature, the bdy f written wrks 1 (prduce) in the English language in the United States. Like ther natinal literatures, American literature was shaped by the histry f the cuntry that prduced it. Fr almst a century and 2 half, America was merely a grup f clnies scattered alng the eastern seabard f the Nrth American cntinent — clnies frm 3 a few hardy suls tentatively ventured westward. After a successful rebellin against the mtherland, America became the United States, a natin. By the end f the 19th century this natin extended suthward t the Gulf f Mexic, nrthward t the 4 (frty-nine) parallel, and westward t the Pacific. By the end f the 19th century, t, it 5 (take) its place amng the pwers f the wrld — its frtunes s interrelated with thse f ther natins that inevitably it became invlved in tw wrld wars and, 6 (fllw) these cnflicts, 7 the prblems f Eurpe and East Asia. This article traces the histry f American petry, drama, fictin, and scial and 8 (liter) criticism frm the early 17th century thrugh the turn f the 21st century. Fr a descriptin f the ral and written literatures f the indigenus peples f the Americas, 9 (see) Native American literature, thugh the cntributins f African Americans t American literature 10 (discuss) in this article.年份 卷別 題號 名詞 數(shù)詞 2024 新高考I卷 62 66 / 新高考II卷 62 / 2023 新高考I卷 / / 新高考II卷 61 / 2022 新高考I卷 61 / 新高考II卷 64 / 題型 真題示例 模板01 名詞 【2024年新高考全國Ⅰ卷】 favrites (favurite); richness(rich) 【2024年新高考全國Ⅰ卷】themes(theme); visibility (visible) 模板02 數(shù)詞 seventies (seventy) 命題預(yù)測/考情揭秘 名詞是語法填空的高頻考點,經(jīng)??疾槊~的構(gòu)成,名詞的數(shù)以及名詞的所有格。 數(shù)詞考查分為兩類:基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。 技巧解讀 一、名詞 熟練掌握名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的基本規(guī)則,根據(jù)句意或主謂一致原則確定名詞的數(shù); 明確形容詞與名詞、冠詞與名詞之間的修飾關(guān)系以及在句中所作成分,確定名詞的恰當形式。 要熟練掌握名詞所有格的作用。 二、數(shù)詞 識別基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞: 基數(shù)詞用于表示數(shù)量,如“ne”、“tw”、“three”等。 序數(shù)詞用于表示順序,如“first”、“secnd”、“third”等。 注意數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式:基數(shù)詞有復(fù)數(shù)形式,序數(shù)詞在表示多個順序時也有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如“first”、“secnds”、“thirds”等。 識別分數(shù)和百分比: 分數(shù)的表達形式為“基數(shù)詞/序數(shù)詞”,如“ne-third”、“tw-fifths”等。 百分比的表達形式為“基數(shù)詞 + percent”,如“ten percent”、“fifty percent”等。 注意數(shù)詞的固定搭配: 記住常見的數(shù)詞短語和固定搭配,如“nce a week”、“twice a mnth”等。 考點 模板答題 名詞的功能 首先判斷空格處的詞語在句子中充當?shù)某煞?,如主語、賓語、表語、定語等,可判定使用應(yīng)名詞; 名詞的數(shù) 然后根據(jù)語境和語法規(guī)則判斷名詞應(yīng)該是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù); 如果為可數(shù)名詞,要考慮其單復(fù)數(shù)。如果名詞前有“a”、“an”、“ne”等修飾詞,應(yīng)填入單數(shù)形式;如果名詞前有“sme”、“many”、“several”、“a few”等修飾詞,應(yīng)填入復(fù)數(shù)形式;或者根據(jù)上下文意義。 如果名詞不可數(shù),通常沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如“water”、“air”、“advice”等。此時,應(yīng)使用“sme”、“a little”、“much”等修飾詞。 如果名詞在句子中充當主語,根據(jù)謂語動詞的形式判斷其主語的單復(fù)數(shù)。如果謂語動詞使用單數(shù)形式,做主語的名詞使用單數(shù)形式;如果謂語動詞使用復(fù)數(shù)形式,做主語的名詞使用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。 記住常見的名詞短語和固定搭配,如“make a decisin”、“take a break”、“give advice”等。 名詞的格 如果句子中表示所屬關(guān)系,考慮使用名詞的所有格形式。 有生命的單數(shù)名詞或不以 s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,在詞尾加's,如 “the by's bk(男孩的書)”“children's tys(孩子們的玩具)”。 若名詞是以 s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)形式,只加 ',如 “the students' classrm(學(xué)生們的教室)”。 場合 用法 示例 一般情況下 在詞尾直接加-s muth→muths, huse→huses 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh結(jié)尾的名詞 在詞尾加-es glass→glasses, bx→bxes, church→churches, brush→brushes 以輔音字母+-y結(jié)尾的名詞 變y為i再加-es cuntry→cuntries, factry→factries 以元音字母+-y結(jié)尾的名詞 在詞尾直接加-s hliday→hlidays, mnkey→mnkeys 以輔音字母+-結(jié)尾的名詞 直接加-es her→heres, ptat→ptates 以元音字母+-結(jié)尾的名詞 直接加-s z→zs, zer→zers 以元音字母+-結(jié)尾的名詞 特殊直接加-s pht→phts, kil→kils, pian→pians 以-f,-fe結(jié)尾的名詞 變f或fe為 -ves wife→wilves, wlf→wlves 以-f,-fe結(jié)尾的名詞 直接加-s gulf→gulfs, rf→rfs, belief→beliefs, safe→safes 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞 單復(fù)數(shù)同形 deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species 特殊記憶的名詞 單獨記憶 man→men, wman→wmen, child→children, tth→teeth, ft→feet, muse→mice 合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù) 主體名詞變復(fù)數(shù) passer-by→passers-by, lker-n→lkers-n 合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù) 無名詞最后加-s grwn-up→grwn-ups, g-between→g-betweens 單詞 抽象名詞意義 具體化名詞意義 success 成功 成功的人或事 pleasure 樂趣 令人高興的事 beauty 美;美麗 美麗的人或事物 cmfrt 安慰;慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物 danger 危險 危險的人或因素 delight 高興 令人高興的事 failure 失敗 失敗的人或事物 surprise 驚奇 令人驚奇的事情 shck 震驚 令人震驚的事情 pride 驕傲 令人驕傲的事情 名詞的所有格 (1)-’s所有格 ①用and連接的并列名詞的所有格要分兩種情況,即表示各自的所有關(guān)系時,要分別在并列名詞后加-’s 或’;表示共同的所有關(guān)系時,只在最后一個名詞后加-’s或’。 Tm’s and Jim’s rms.湯姆和吉姆(各自)的房間。 Tm and Jim’s rm.湯姆和吉姆(共同)的房間。 ②表示店鋪、辦公室或某人的家時,名詞所有格后被修飾的名詞一般省略。 at the barber’s在理發(fā)店 at the teacher’s在老師辦公室 (2)f所有格 表示無生命的事物的名詞通常用f所有格表示所有關(guān)系;名詞短語或有定語修飾的有生命的名詞也常用f所有格。 the cntent f the nvel小說的內(nèi)容 the name f the girl ver there那邊那位女孩的名字 (3)雙重所有格 指"名詞+f+名詞所有格"或"名詞+f+名詞性物主代詞"。 a play f Shakespeare’s(莎士比亞的一個戲劇) a friend f mine(我的一個朋友) 易錯點 模板答題 基數(shù)詞+序數(shù)詞 整十序數(shù)詞在基礎(chǔ)詞尾y變?yōu)閕e, 再加-th:如twenty-twentieth第二十; 二、數(shù)詞 1,識別基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞: 基數(shù)詞用于表示數(shù)量,如“ne”、“tw”、“three”等。 序數(shù)詞用于表示順序,如“first”、“secnd”、“third”等。 注意易錯序數(shù)詞: first第一; secnd第二; third第三; 4-19的序數(shù)詞由基數(shù)詞后加-th構(gòu)成:如furth, fifteen; 特殊:eighth第八; ninth第九; twelfth第十二; 2,數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式:基數(shù)詞有復(fù)數(shù)形式,序數(shù)詞在表示多個順序時也有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如“first”、“secnds”、“thirds”等。 3,分數(shù)和百分比: 分數(shù)的表達形式為“基數(shù)詞/序數(shù)詞”,如“ne-third”、“tw-fifths”等。 百分比的表達形式為“基數(shù)詞 + percent”,如“ten percent”、“fifty percent”等。 4,數(shù)詞的固定搭配: 記住常見的數(shù)詞短語和固定搭配,如“nce a week”、“twice a mnth”等。 分數(shù) 分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。分子大于1時,分母后加-s。如ne fifth, three furths。