專題04it作形式主語和形式賓語（知識講解+題型練習(xí)）-高二英語寒假銜接【外研版】-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

it作形式主語
2. it作形式賓語
考點(diǎn)一 it作形式主語
當(dāng)主語部分相對于謂語部分而言太長時，常把主語部分移到句尾，在主語的位置放上it。it 沒有具體的意義，僅用于使句子顯得平穩(wěn)，不頭重腳輕。it 作形式主語時常代替三種語法結(jié)構(gòu)：不定式(短語)、v.-ing(短語)和從句。
一、it代替不定式(短語)作形式主語
1．It＋be＋名詞/名詞詞組＋t d sth.，這類名詞有ne’s turn/ duty/ pleasure, a pity, a habit, a pleasure, a fact, a rule, time, a shame, n wnder 等。
It is yur turn t read the text.
輪到你讀課文了。
It is nt a gd habit t stay up t late.
睡得太遲不是個好習(xí)慣。
2．It＋be＋形容詞＋(fr sb.)＋t d sth., 這類形容詞用來描述不定式行為本身的性質(zhì)有hard, natural, impssible, necessary, wrng, right, imprtant, difficult, easy等。
It is imprtant t pay yur electricity bill n time, as late payments may affect yur credit.
按時交電費(fèi)很重要，因?yàn)橥斫浑娰M(fèi)可能會影響你的信譽(yù)。
It is necessary fr yu t be fully aware f yur wn shrtcmings.
充分認(rèn)識自己的缺點(diǎn)是很必要的。
3．It＋be＋形容詞＋f sb.＋ t d sth.，這類形容詞用來描述不定式行為者的性格、品行等時，不定式前?？杉右粋€由f引起的短語。這類句型所涉及的常用形容詞有brave, careless, hnest, mdest, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrng, flish, kind, gd, plite, selfish等。
It was flish f yu t behave like that.
你那種表現(xiàn)真是太蠢了。
It’s very kind f yu t help me.
你幫助我正好。
4．It＋takes＋sb.＋時間或金錢＋t d sth. 表示某人花了多少時間或金錢做某事。其中it是形式主語，代替后面的不定式，句中的sb.也可省略。
It takes me an hur t walk there and back.
我步行一個來回用一個小時。
It tk thusands f peple many years t build the Great Wall.
成千上萬的人花了很多年才建成了長城。
5. It+ csts + sb. +金錢 +t d sth. 表示某人花費(fèi)多少錢去做某事。
It cst me $1000 t buy the cmputer.
這臺電腦花了我1000美元。
6. It’s up t sb. t d sth. 應(yīng)由某人負(fù)責(zé)做某事
It is up t yu t make the plan.
應(yīng)該由你來制定這個計劃。
【考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)】
單句語法填空
(1) It is necessary fr high schl students (learn) anther freign language.
(2) Frm the teacher’s patient explanatin, I have learnt what a big respnsibility is t educate us.
(3) It's clever yu t wrk ut the maths prblem.
(4) I knw ______ is imprtant t knw my wn limitatins, but what is difficult is t help thers t knw their wn limitatins.
二、it代替v.-ing(短語)作形式主語
It＋be＋名詞/名詞詞組＋ ding sth.，這類名詞有(n) gd、(n) use、(n) time、a waste f time、fun等。
The dctr tld us that it is n gd eating t much meat.
醫(yī)生告訴我們吃太多的肉沒有好處。
It is n use giving him sme advice.
給他提建議是沒用的。
It is n gd living alne withut keeping in tuch with thers.
獨(dú)居而不和別人來往沒有好處。
It is a waste f time trying t persuade him t change his mind.
試圖說服他改變主意是在浪費(fèi)時間。
【考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)】
單句語法填空
(1)As far as I'm cncerned, it's n use (argue) with him, he wn't change his mind.
(2) It's a waste f time (reasn) with him.
三、it代替從句作形式主語
用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于下列句型：
1．It＋be＋名詞＋從句，這類名詞有a fact、a surprise、an hnr、a pity、a wnder、cmmn knwledge等。
It is a pity that I didn’t think f it earlier.
真是遺憾我沒有早一點(diǎn)這么想。
It is cmmn knwledge that the full mn brings fair weather.
皓月兆天晴，這是常識。
It is a surprise that yu gave such an answer t the questin.
你對這個問題作了這樣的回答，真令人吃驚。
2．It＋be＋形容詞＋從句，這類形容詞有natural、true、strange、necessary、imprtant、bvius、certain、wnderful、funny、pssible、likely、prbable等。
It is necessary that the wrk shuld be dne well.
這項(xiàng)工作應(yīng)該被很好地完成，這一點(diǎn)是必要地。
It is certain that free medical care will be given t mst peple in ur city.
我們城市的大多數(shù)人將享受免費(fèi)醫(yī)療，這是肯定的。
It is prbable that he has knwn everything.
很可能他已經(jīng)知道了一切。
3．It＋動詞＋從句，這類動詞有seem、happen、appear、lk、matter、make、strike、ccur(突然想起)，turn ut等。
It happened that the tickets were sld ut.
碰巧票都賣光了。
It ccurred t her that she might adpt a hmeless child.
她突然想到她可以收養(yǎng)一個無家可歸的孩子。
It appeared that he had a taste fr music.
看來他對音樂有一定的鑒賞力。
It turns ut that the situatin is quite serius.
結(jié)果表明情況很嚴(yán)峻。
4．It＋be＋分詞＋從句，這類分詞有 said、reprted、believed、knwn、decided、prved、thught、expected、annunced、arranged、amusing、puzzling、striking等。
It is said that Li Ha has been t Eurpe.
據(jù)說李昊去過歐洲。
It was amusing that a rabbit ran ut f the empty bx n the desk.
桌上的空盒子里竟然跑出來一只兔子，太有趣了。
【考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)】
(1)令人驚訝的是他一直輸還一直賭。
_____________________ he cntinues t gamble when he always lses!
(2)真奇怪，他沒說一聲就走了。
_____________________ he left withut telling us.
(3)有人請他在聚會上表演一個節(jié)目。
It is requested that he _________________________ at the party.
(4)我忽然想起我知道怎樣解決那個問題。
___________________________ I knew hw t slve that prblem.
考點(diǎn)二 it作形式賓語
當(dāng)動詞不定式(短語)、v.-ing(短語)或從句作賓語時，為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語后置。
一、代詞it后接賓語補(bǔ)足語
1．動詞十it＋賓語補(bǔ)足語十不定式
They cnsidered it imprtant t have the wrk dne n time.
他們認(rèn)為按時完成這項(xiàng)工作很重要。
I fund it imprtant t learn spken English.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)英語口語很重要。
2．動詞十it＋賓語補(bǔ)足語十動名詞
He thught it n use trying t cnvince them.
他認(rèn)為企圖說服他們沒有用。
3．動詞＋it＋賓語補(bǔ)足語十從句
I think it necessary that yu study hard.
我認(rèn)為你努力學(xué)習(xí)是必要的。
【考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)】
單句語法填空
(1)He makes it a rule never （brrw）mney frm thers.
(2)I think it n gd (spend) t much time watching TV.
(3)I want t make clear that I didn't steal his pen.
二、代詞it后不接賓語補(bǔ)足語
1．動詞＋it＋that/when/if從句
能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞常見的有have、 take、 put、 like、 dislike、 lve、 hate、 appreciate等。
I like it that yu came. 你來了，我很高興。
Rumr has it that the defence minister will sn resign.
據(jù)傳聞，國防部長不久就要辭職。
We really appreciate it when she ffered t help.
她來幫忙了，我們十分感激。
2．動詞＋介詞＋it＋that從句
能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的“動詞＋介詞”常見的有see t、 lk t、 insist n、 stick t、 depend n、 rely n、 answer fr等。
See t it that yu're nt late again. 務(wù)必不要再遲到。
Lk t it that this desn't happen again.
注意不要再發(fā)生這種事。
3．動詞十it＋介詞短語＋that從句
能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的“動詞＋it＋介詞短語”常見的有take it fr granted、 bring it t ne's attentin、 we it t sb.等。
I we it t yu that I am still alive. 多虧有你我還活著。
I tk it fr granted that he wuld help us.
我認(rèn)為他幫助我們是理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)摹?br>【考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)】
完成句子
(1)我討厭他一邊吃一邊說話。
I with his muth full.
(2)如果你能提前告訴我你是否會來，我將不勝感激。
I in advance whether r nt yu will cme.
(3)你不可以相信他們會做大量的工作。
Yu can nt they will d lads f wrk.
單項(xiàng)選擇
1．________is knwn t us all that the ld wrker, ________life was hard in the past, still wrks hard in his seventies.
A．As; whichB．It; whichC．As; whseD．It; whse
2．It is strngly ______ by experts that teenagers d exercise fr an hur every day.
A．recmmendatinB．recmmendsC．recmmendedD．recmmending
3．_________ surprised the whle wrld that Yuan Lngping had realised his dream f develping seawater rice.
A．ThatB．ItC．WhatD．Which
4．_________ is well-knwn t all that the 33rd Summer Olympic Games was held in Paris.
A．AsB．WhatC．ThatD．It
5．__________ is reprted that the way peple spend their hliday has changed a lt in the past five years.
A．WhatB．ItC．WhichD．As
6．_________ was knwn t us all that Jhn fell int the cnditin _________ his heart disqualified him fr military service.
A．As; whichB．What; thatC．It; whereD．It; that
7． is ur duty t make ur cuntry better and strnger.
A．ItB．ThisC．ThatD．One
8．______is widely acknwledged that cmputers have becme a vital part f ur sciety.
A．AsB．ItC．WhatD．Which
9．It is nt unusual fr teenagers f yur generatin ________ t cmputer games and the nline wrld.
A．t be attractedB．a(chǎn)ttractedC．being attractedD．t attract
10．______ remains t be seen ______ she will be fit enugh t play in the finals.
A．What; thatB．It; whetherC．What; ifD．That; whether
11．________ has been reprted that 76 percent f emplyees in sme western cuntries are using emjis at wrk.
A．ItB．WhatC．AsD．Wh
12．______ was bvius ______ the manager f the cffee shp was waiting fr Li Fang t leave.
A．This; thatB．It; whenC．That; thatD．It; that
13．______ is knwn t all that the gun pwder was first invented by the Chinese.
A．AsB．WhichC．ItD．What
14．There is sme dubt ______ Prfessr Smith can make it t the cnference. ______ is said that his flight has been canceled because f the heavy snw.
A．that; ItB．that; ThatC．whether; ItD．whether; That
15．______ is well-knwn that Chinese has the largest number f native speakers.
A．ThisB．WhatC．ItD．That
16．________is very dangerus t ________these viruses withut any prtectin.
A．That; expse tB．That; be expsed tC．It; expse tD．It; be expsed t
17．It is suggested ________, instead f cmplaining all day lng, Luise think f the cntributrs wh have helped her survive.
A．whichB．/C．thatD．what
18．It was unbelievable ________ he designed went beynd the expectatins f everyne in the rm.
A．thatB．that whatC．whatD．what that
19．________ is nt difficult ________ peple ________ and find a jb in ur city.
A．That… f… t settle dwnB．It… fr… t settle dwn
C．That… fr… settling dwnD．It… f… settling dwn
20．________ has been knwn fr sme time that plants use chemicals t cmmunicate with each ther.
A．WhatB．ThatC．AsD．It
21．We fund ______ difficult t cnnect sentences tgether and develp a paragraph.
A．thatB．itC．themD．us
22．Shpping apps have made ______ mre and mre cnvenient fr peple t d shpping nline.
A．thatB．themC．thseD．it
23．The high-speed railway will make it easier fr peple ________ arund.
A．travelB．travellingC．t travelD．travelled
24．Susan made ______ clear t me ______ she wished t make a new life fr herself.
A．it... whatB．that…whatC．it... thatD．her... that
25．They asked the gvernment t make ________ clear t the public ________ they did was right.
A．it; thatB．it; whatC．that; whatD．this; that
26．——Yu are late again.
——Srry, I find ________ difficult t accustm myself t getting up early n Sunday.
A．thatB．neC．itD．hw
27．Sme students find ______ very hard ______ in the early mrning.
A．is, t get upB．that, get upC．it, t get upD．it’s, gets up
28．Experts felt ________necessary t cme up with a slutin t the serius prblem.
A．/B．thisC．itD．that
29．Mre highways have been built in China, making ______ easier fr peple t travel everywhere.
A．thatB．whatC．itD．which
30．The latest reprt made __________ clear that climate change will influence the prest cuntries mst strngly.
A．neB．whatC．itD．this
單句語法填空
1．Athletes make an hnur t win medals fr their natin.
2．High prices in the UK make wrthwhile fr buyers t lk abrad.
3．They want t make clear that language is an imprtant tl.
4．As the busiest wman in Nrtn, she made her duty t lk after all the ther peple’s affairs in that twn.
5．We can rely n that the gallery will prvide excellent marketing fr the event.
6．I take fr granted that parents shuld d everything fr me.
7．I think necessary t ban smking in restaurants and cafés.
8．We all find it imprtant we shuld make a quick decisin abut this matter.
9．I think essential fr us t appeal t smene fr help when necessary.
10．The fact yu have a passin fr yur idea will make much easier t mtivate yurself.
11．Yung peple tday may find difficult t be accustmed t life withut the Internet.
12．Peple hate when yu dn’t say what yu mean.
13．As a matter f fact, I’d appreciate if yu culd make sme cmments n my wrk.
14．Lts f peple find hard t get up in the mrning, and put the blame n the alarm clck.
15．He seemed t make his hnur t hld back the tears.
16．He als said rads aren’t designed t make safe fr bicyclists t share the rad with cars.
17．Millins f turists travel t UNESCO Wrld Heritage Sites every year, s it is nly natural the sites suffer a bit f wear and tear.
18． is acknwledged that wealth desn't necessarily bst happiness.
19． is said that dgs aviding the beach may be a sign that a tsunami is appraching.
20． is n wnder yu can’t sleep when yu eat s much.
21．Hwever, it is likely Native Americans were living in Califrnia at least fifteen thusand years ag.
22．As there have been s many different styles f Western art, is impssible t describe them all in a shrt text.
23． has been annunced that we shall have ur final exam next mnth.
24．I think a pint that many peple lse sight f is hw easy can be t fall behind schedule.
25． is well-knwn that China is rich in natural resurces.
26．Traditinal wdblck printing can be divided int fur majr steps: writing, engraving, printing, and binding. With each step then sub-divided int several prcedures, takes rughly 30 steps t prduce a wdblck print.
27． is n wnder that he failed the exam.
28． is impssible fr us t finish the design befre Natinal Day.
29． is estimated that 1.3 billin peple will use English as either a first r a secnd language by 2050.
30． is urged that the public shuld prmte their awareness t prtect the rare animal.
31． desn’t matter whether there will be difficulties in cmmunicatin, fr lve is always the theme f each piece f music.
32．T jin the Peple’s Liberatin Army, is required fr men t shave ff their beards.
33． is nw clear that they need cnservatin effrts.
34． takes mre than three hurs f driving n the muntain rads t get there, and the jurney requires driving skills and curage.
35． is estimated that cral reefs cntribute billins f dllars t the wrld ecnmy annually, prviding fd, prtectin f shrelines, and jbs.
36．Sme peple have expressed skepticism because it is unbelievable she lks s perfect after a lng day f wrk in the fields.
37．When the BBC asked her what kind f persn takes t walk arund the wrld, Maxwell said, “It’s prbably a cmbinatin f ambitin, a little stubbrnness and a pinch f passin—nt fr hiking as a sprt, but fr self-discvery and adventure.”
38． is natural that different cuntries have different custms and traditins.
39． struck me that I had left the key at hme.
40．The ther day, ccurred t Jhnsn that he shuld make a rad trip t help the needy.
考點(diǎn)聚焦：核心考點(diǎn)+小考考點(diǎn)，有的放矢
重點(diǎn)速記：知識點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)梳理，查漏補(bǔ)缺
難點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化：難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容標(biāo)注與講解，能力提升
學(xué)以致用：真題感知+提升專練，全面突破

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