
完形填空是考生得分率較低的題型,也是高考的拉分題目,所以這類題對(duì)于考生來(lái)說(shuō)分分都要爭(zhēng),每分都要保,力爭(zhēng)得滿分。主要有以下幾個(gè)原因會(huì)導(dǎo)致失分:①解題信息比較隱蔽;②干擾項(xiàng)迷惑性較強(qiáng);③文中人物的情感態(tài)度較難把握;④慣性思維所致。針對(duì)這些情況,考生除了需要具備扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言功底外,還應(yīng)提升思維品質(zhì)和推理能力??忌谧鐾晷翁羁疹}時(shí)不要急于求成,而是要三思而后決斷,盡力規(guī)避以下易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。
易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)一 因缺乏全篇關(guān)聯(lián)思維抓不住文章主線而錯(cuò)選 完形填空的考查點(diǎn)依附于語(yǔ)篇,而語(yǔ)篇具有連貫性,絕不能局限于某一句或某一句群,這就要求考生要理解整篇文章,抓住全文的脈絡(luò)、作者的思想、意圖或主人公的心理,然后進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的推理和判斷,從而做出正確的選擇。對(duì)于此類題目,一定要堅(jiān)持一個(gè)原則——不急于解答,根據(jù)上下文綜合考慮再做判定。
[典例1] (2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)I've been mtivated—and demtivated—by ther flks' achievements all my life. When I was a teenager, a neighbrhd friend 41.wn a marathn race. Feeling mtivated, I started be hnest, I 44.hated it!Between the girl making my 45.achievement seem small and the pure bredm f jgging, I decided that the nly 46.reasn I'd ever run again is if a big dg was running after me!
S I 47.turned t 'd never faced such 51.challenges.That day, I gt 52.passed by abut 100 “l(fā)cal” bikers wh were used t such rads. When I gt back hme, suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as 53.appealing. I've 54 a lt since then. I've cme t accept that whatever 55.gals I set fr myself, they just have t be my wn.54.A.traveledB.matured C.missedD.wrried
[解析] 通讀文章可知,在生活中,作者受到了他人的成就的激勵(lì)作用以及消極作用,青年時(shí)期作者受朋友的激勵(lì)而開始跑步,但后來(lái)因遇到更厲害的跑步者和感到跑步的無(wú)聊而放棄,后來(lái)又想騎自行車,但發(fā)現(xiàn)也技不如人而最終放棄。通過(guò)跑步和騎行這兩件事情,作者已經(jīng)逐漸意識(shí)到目標(biāo)應(yīng)針對(duì)自身而設(shè),因此作者成熟(mature)了很多。如果考生缺乏全篇關(guān)聯(lián)思維,抓不住文章主線,很容易錯(cuò)選C(失去了很多)。
[典例2] (2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)When I decided t buy a huse in Eurpe ten years ag, I didn't think t lng. I liked traveling in France, but when it came t picking my favrite spt t 41 , Italy was the clear winner. During my first visit t Italy, I 42.struggled t ask fr directins r rder in a I made Italy my permanent hme, I discvered hw 46.warm-h(huán)earted Italians are.41.A.studyB.rent C.visitD.settle
[解析] 上文“I liked traveling in France”和下文“During my first visit t Italy”很容易給考生造成一種錯(cuò)覺(jué),認(rèn)為作者在選擇自己最喜歡的旅游目的地。但通讀全文,尤其根據(jù)首句以及下文“After I made Italy my permanent hme, I discvered hw 46.warm-h(huán)earted Italians are.”可知,作者是想在歐洲定居(settle),而不僅僅是在歐洲旅游。
易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)二 因詞匯理解障礙而錯(cuò)選 在完形填空的設(shè)題上,課標(biāo)詞匯中較為生僻的單詞以及由課標(biāo)詞組成的較生僻的短語(yǔ)近幾年也逐漸出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中,而這些較難詞匯大都是易被忽視的單詞。它們的拼寫和詞義較為復(fù)雜且難記,在語(yǔ)篇中的考查數(shù)量相對(duì)較少。一旦涉及,考生往往見難生畏、望而卻步。另外,完形填空中出現(xiàn)越來(lái)越多由課標(biāo)詞派生而來(lái)的詞,此類詞并非是生詞,而是對(duì)課標(biāo)詞匯的延伸,需要考生掌握一定的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí),學(xué)會(huì)通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法巧推詞義。
考查角度一般為派生詞的常見詞綴(un-,in-, im-, dis-, re-,-ly, -less, -ness, -ful等)的意義、詞類轉(zhuǎn)化(動(dòng)詞用作名詞、名詞用作動(dòng)詞或形容詞)和合成詞等構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)??忌趥淇紩r(shí)要對(duì)照課標(biāo)詞匯表查漏補(bǔ)缺,多積累由課標(biāo)詞組成的生僻詞匯,做到課標(biāo)詞匯無(wú)遺漏。
[典例3] (2023·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)After sme gdbyes, I asked Gerge and his wife t help me #d Tiffy int the plane. I prmised t take care f Tiffy and 52.call them as sn as we gt t Kansas City. The flight was 53 , and Tiffy was a great passenger.The next day, she 54.flew with Karen and made it back t Gerge in Virginia within a few days.53.A.unnecessary B.unexpected C.unavidableD.uneventful
[解析] 根據(jù)下文“and Tiffy was a great passenger”可知,這次飛行一切都平安無(wú)事。uneventful平靜無(wú)事的。本題的難度在于對(duì)uneventful的理解,學(xué)習(xí)該詞時(shí)可以這樣記憶:un不+event事件+ful形容詞后綴→不可能發(fā)生的事件,注定是平凡的,沒(méi)有刺激來(lái)促進(jìn)事件的發(fā)生→uneventful平靜無(wú)事的。做題時(shí),很多考生可能因?yàn)樵~匯理解障礙而錯(cuò)選失分。
[典例4] (2023·浙江卷1月) 49.Finally, Ziyad gt clse t the hive which was arund 20 metres abve the grund.Sitting n a branch,he 50 twards it and blew smke frm his trch int a tiny hle in the hive. Suddenly,Ziyad let ut a sharp cry. Within secnds, he'd 51.slid dwn the trunk and was back n the grund.50.A.backed B.dived C.shuted D.inched
[解析] 根據(jù)上文可知,齊亞德是在離地面約20米的樹頂上采集蜂蜜,因此他應(yīng)該是小心翼翼地朝著蜂箱緩慢移動(dòng)。inch一般作名詞用(英寸),是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)度單位,但在此處是作動(dòng)詞用,意為“(使朝某方向)謹(jǐn)慎移動(dòng)”,對(duì)于考生而言,這一含義較為生僻,較難選出正確答案。
易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)三 因不能正確區(qū)分形近詞(組)或近義詞(組)而錯(cuò)選 完形填空題選項(xiàng)中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些形近詞(組)或近義詞(組)讓考生辨析,因?yàn)樾问较嘟蛞饬x相近,無(wú)形中增加了難度,如果考生掌握得不好或沒(méi)有著眼于語(yǔ)篇的意義就很容易選錯(cuò)。
[典例5] (2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) I've been mtivated—and demtivated—by ther flks' achievements all my life. When I was a teenager, a neighbrhd friend 41.wn a marathn race. Feeling mtivated, I started running 42 , but then tw things happened.42.A.regularlyB.silently C.prudlyD.recently
[解析] 本題中,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)形式相似、詞性相同,部分考生容易因混淆而失分??忌梢岳眠壿嫹治龇ń忸}。結(jié)合上文語(yǔ)境可知,作者受到了鄰居的激勵(lì),因此應(yīng)是開始定期(regularly)跑步。regularly定期地;silently默默地;prudly驕傲地;recently最近。
[典例6] (2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Each twn has its wn traditinal 50.dish, and every family keeps a recipe passed frm ne generatin t anther. Families 51.gather fr big meals n Sundays, birthdays, and whatever ther excuses they can 52 . These meals are always 53.accmpanied by laughter and jy.52.A.put up with B.stand up fr C.cme up withD.make up fr
[解析] 本題中四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是“動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞”的詞組,部分考生很容易因混淆而失分。本題可以利用邏輯分析法解題。根據(jù)上文可知,每個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)都有自己傳統(tǒng)的菜肴,家家戶戶都有祖?zhèn)鞯氖匙V。家人會(huì)在星期天、生日以及其他時(shí)刻聚在一起享用大餐。除了星期天、生日之外,人們還會(huì)想出(cme up with)各種“借口”來(lái)聚餐。cme up with想出,想起。
易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)四 因不明一詞多義或熟詞生義而錯(cuò)選 在最近幾年的完形填空中,對(duì)于一詞多義或熟詞生義的考查屢見不鮮,這往往也是考生容易忽視的地方。很多考生由于不懂這些熟詞的“生義”而出現(xiàn)思維堵塞,造成失分?;蛘呖忌赡苁煜み@些詞的多個(gè)詞義,但在語(yǔ)篇的具體語(yǔ)境中常?;煜@些詞義。所以,要確定該詞的確切詞義,就必須具體到語(yǔ)境,弄清楚該詞在語(yǔ)境中的意義。
[典例7] (2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)During my first visit t Italy, I 42.struggled t ask fr directins r rder in a restaurant. But every time I tried t 43 a sentence f Italian tgether, the lcals smiled at me and 44.praised my language skills.43.A.string B.hang C.mixD.match
[解析] 根據(jù)上文語(yǔ)境可知,作者問(wèn)路或點(diǎn)餐很費(fèi)力,再結(jié)合空后的tgether可知,作者努力把句子串起來(lái)(string)。string n.細(xì)繩,帶子;琴弦 v.用……穿起來(lái);串起來(lái),串成一串。string屬于一詞多義,本句用的是動(dòng)詞用法。如果詞義混淆的話,容易錯(cuò)選。
[典例8] (2024·全國(guó)甲卷)Brn just befre WWⅡ, my grandmther 43.experienced an entirely different childhd lifestyle frm nly pprtunity (機(jī)會(huì)) she culd seize t 47.study was when her brther was having Chinese 48.lessns with the family tutr. She wuld sit quietly at the far end f the lng dinner table, listening 49 . This training taught her t read and write her Chinese upside dwn—a skill that has turned ut t be quite 50.practical, especially whenever we share the newspaper.49.A.clsely B.directly C.nervusly D.freely
[解析] 根據(jù)上文語(yǔ)境可知,奶奶的哥哥在上中文課時(shí),奶奶總是仔細(xì)(clsely)聽著。clsely作為副詞時(shí)熟義為“接近地,嚴(yán)密地”,本句中用的生義“仔細(xì)地”。
易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)五 因慣性思維而錯(cuò)選 在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中,考生的母語(yǔ)、知識(shí)面、思維習(xí)慣等都有可能令考生產(chǎn)生一些思維定式??忌趯W(xué)習(xí)單詞、詞組或習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)時(shí),受到思維定式的影響,只記中文意思,而不深刻理解實(shí)際用法和英漢用法之間的細(xì)微差異。完形填空解題中因慣性思維而失分常有以下兩種情況:
1.學(xué)習(xí)單詞時(shí)受到的思維定式影響。學(xué)生往往過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單化地記憶單詞的中文意思,而忽略實(shí)際用法及英漢差異。例:fail t d sth.表示“沒(méi)做成某事”,而表達(dá)“成功做某事”時(shí)則不能用succeed t d sth.,要用succeed in ding sth.。解題時(shí)要關(guān)注語(yǔ)境、含義、用法及詞形轉(zhuǎn)化?! ?.學(xué)習(xí)詞組或習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)時(shí)受到的思維定式影響。學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)詞組時(shí)容易受到思維定式影響。例:在學(xué)習(xí)了wait fr后,有些學(xué)生在遇到wait后面接介詞時(shí),就選擇fr。但在“He stpped his car t wait at the red light.”中用at而不用fr。解題時(shí)要注意文章結(jié)構(gòu)、上下文邏輯關(guān)系,進(jìn)行整句理解和整段把握。
[典例9] (2024·全國(guó)甲卷)I guess ur different childhd backgrund is what makes my grandmther such an amazing persn t 59.talk t:her stries always make my histry textbks 60 .60.A.cme trueB.cme rund C.cme utD.cme alive
[解析] 根據(jù)上文語(yǔ)境可知,作者和奶奶不同的童年背景使奶奶成為一個(gè)令人驚嘆的聊天對(duì)象,奶奶的故事總是讓作者的歷史教科書栩栩如生(cme alive)。但學(xué)生易受思維定式影響,可能看到histry textbks就下意識(shí)地選擇cme ut(出版發(fā)行)這個(gè)固定搭配,從而誤選。
[典例10] (2023·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ) After sme gdbyes,I asked Gerge and his wife t help me #d Tiffy int the plane. I prmised t take care f Tiffy and 52.call them as sn as we gt t Kansas City. The flight was 53.uneventful, and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she 54 with Karen and made it back t Gerge in Virginia within a few days. He was s 55.thankful and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great t knw that I had helped bring this family tgether again.
54.A.returned B.fught C.flew D.a(chǎn)greed[解析] 根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知,作者帶著蒂菲到達(dá)了堪薩斯城,后面的行程由凱倫帶著蒂菲繼續(xù)飛(fly)往弗吉尼亞。但學(xué)生受思維定式影響,可能看到with就下意識(shí)地以為選擇agree with這個(gè)固定搭配,從而誤選。
Test 1?? (2024·廣東六校9月聯(lián)考)There is n way they just drve int that water, thught Crin Evans. The 16-year-ld teenager was 1________________ with friends near the Pascagula River when a car with three teenage girls inside accidentally 2__________ ff the rad int the river and started t 3__________ sme 20 feet away frm land.
B. hanging ut
It was arund midnight in July. In the 4____________, Evans and his friends culd 5____________ figure ut the girls hlding n t the rf, the nly part f the car still abve water. But they culd hear 6____________ fr help.
D. darkness
B. screaming
Evans tk ff his shirt and shes withut 7__________, diving int the water. He helped the first girl he saw and led her t the shre. Then, he jumped back int the river t 8__________ anther f the girls. But halfway back t the bank, she was s 9__________ as t g underwater, pulling Evans dwn with her. Evans fught his way and pushed her t 10__________.
C. hesitatin
There was still ne girl in the water. Watsn, 19, culd nt 11_________. She was swallwing water, scared, 12___________ t stay aflat. “I just knew my last breath was cming and I began t g under. Then, a shake. Evans 13_________ me,” Watsn said later. The three girls were rushed t the hspital and well 14__________. Evans risked his life t save them, but he said he had n ther 15__________________.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 文章講述了一名叫埃文斯的十六歲少年勇敢地在河中救出三個(gè)女孩的故事。
A. Struggling
D. attended
C. alternatives
1.A.checking ut B.hanging ut C.staying upD.breaking upB 根據(jù)下文with friends near the Pascagula River可知,埃文斯當(dāng)時(shí)正和朋友在河邊閑逛(hang ut)。2.A.slippedB.develped C.stayedD.skippedA 根據(jù)上文“There is n way they just drve int that water, thught Crin Evans.”可知,她們不可能直接把車開到河里,說(shuō)明車是從公路上滑(slip)到河里的。
3.A.expseB.tremble C.sinkD.flatC 根據(jù)下文“Evans and his nly part f the car still abve water.”可知,車已經(jīng)下沉(sink)到河里。4.A.silenceB.nise C.sadnessD.darknessD 根據(jù)上文“It was arund midnight in July.”可知,當(dāng)時(shí)是七月的午夜時(shí)分,說(shuō)明當(dāng)時(shí)天很黑(darkness)。
5.A.casuallyB.nearly C.instantlyD.barelyD 根據(jù)上文“It was arund midnight in July.”可知,事故發(fā)生的時(shí)候是午夜時(shí)分,埃文斯和他的朋友們勉強(qiáng)(barely)能看清當(dāng)時(shí)的情況。6.A.whisperingB.screaming C.cmplainingD.claimingB 根據(jù)上文“when a car with three teenage girls inside accidentallyff the rad int the river”可知,女孩們的車沉入了水中,埃文斯聽到了女孩們的求救聲(scream)。
7.A.a(chǎn)ssumptinB.explanatin C.hesitatinD.permissinC 根據(jù)上文“Evans and his nly part f the car still abve water”可知,當(dāng)時(shí)車已經(jīng)快要沉入水底了,情況非常緊急,埃文斯為了救人毫不猶豫(hesitatin)地跳入水中。8.A.rescueB.deliver C.liberateD.releaseA 根據(jù)上文“Then, he jumped back int the river”可知,埃文斯跳回河中去救(rescue)另一個(gè)女孩。
9.A.a(chǎn)nxiusB.panic C.cautiusD.a(chǎn)wkwardB 根據(jù)下文“as t g underwater, pulling Evans dwn with her”可知,第二個(gè)女孩太驚慌(panic)了,以至于又潛下水并把埃文斯也拉下水。10.A.healthB.independence C.strengthD.safetyD 根據(jù)下文“There was still ne girl in the water.”可知,埃文斯把第二個(gè)女孩推到了安全的地方(safety)。
11.A.driveB.escape C.swimD.surfC 根據(jù)下文“She was swallwing water, scared, _____t stay aflat.”可知,華生不會(huì)游泳(swim)。12.A.strugglingB.wrrying C.wanderingD.imprvingA 根據(jù)上文“Watsn, 19, culd nt _____.”可知,華生不會(huì)游泳,在水中掙扎(struggle)著保持漂浮。
13.A.tuchedB.grabbed C.a(chǎn)ttachedD.detectedB 根據(jù)上文“Then, a shake.”可知,華生在將要下沉?xí)r感到晃動(dòng),說(shuō)明埃文斯抓住(grab)了她。14.A.a(chǎn)djustedB.educated C.prtectedD.a(chǎn)ttendedD 根據(jù)上文“The three girls were rushed t the hspital”可知,三個(gè)女孩被送到了醫(yī)院,她們被很好地照顧(attend)。
15.A.a(chǎn)ctinsB.challenges C.a(chǎn)lternativesD.chancesC 根據(jù)上文“Evans tk ff his shirt and shes withut ____, diving int the water.”可知,埃文斯毫不猶豫地跳下河救人,說(shuō)明當(dāng)時(shí)情況緊急沒(méi)有其他的選擇(alternative)。
Test 2?? (2024·泰安一模)I was in Washingtn cvering a cnference. Hwever, I came acrss a curius-lking 1__________ shp with its dr partly pen.
Citizens here said it had been like that 2__________ as lng as they culd remember, but n ne knew 3__________.“Maybe the wner is just lazy,” I 4_____________ the shady entrance, eager t find ut the reasn. A(n) 5____________ “Welcme!” came frm a man's vice. And ut walked Mr. Smith, the 90-year-ld 6__________ f this candy shp which I suddenly realized had 7__________ candies. Mr. Smith explained the place was a candy stre pened by him 50 years ag, but his energy 8__________________ in ld age s he sld nthing fr lng.
A. every day
A. apprached
B. enthusiastic
D. faded away
I admired Mr. Smith's lng excellent service in the area. He had a 9__________ attitude t life. I asked Mr. Smith why his stre frnt was in such a state. Mr. Smith, smiling, replied, “I 10__________ a bag by the dr that a custmer left tw years ag. Hnestly I want t just 11__________ the stre, but because the bag's wner might cme by 12_________ fr it, I keep the dr pen just a little bit.” I was mved t tears by Mr. Smith's shckingly 13__________ deeds. I then lked dwn, and sure enugh there was a small bag n the cunter with a paper that read, “14__________ Item.”
I left the shp feeling better abut humanity and was glad there are peple like Mr.Smith living the gd life and keeping 15_________ frever.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 作者講述了自己在華盛頓遇到的一次溫暖的經(jīng)歷。一位糖果店店主因年歲變大,精力有限,想要關(guān)掉店鋪。但兩年前有一位顧客把包遺忘在店里,店鋪雖然不再開門營(yíng)業(yè),但店主每天都把門半開,等待著顧客來(lái)尋找他的包。
1.A.clthingB.fd C.fruitD.candyD 根據(jù)下文this candy shp、a candy stre可知,這是一家糖果(candy)店。2.A.every dayB.ccasinally C.every nightD.recentlyA 根據(jù)上文“shp with its dr partly pen”可知,人們對(duì)這家店鋪不營(yíng)業(yè)卻每天(every day)半開著門的情況很好奇,但不知道為什么(why)。
3.A.whenB.where C.whyD.hwC 參見上題解析。4.A.a(chǎn)pprachedB.left C.brkeD.ignredA 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,作者走近(apprach)店鋪,想要探究原因。
5.A.fficialB.enthusiastic C.elegantD.humbleB 根據(jù)下文“I admired Mr. Smith's lng excellent service in the area.”可知,多年來(lái)店主的服務(wù)態(tài)度非常好,應(yīng)該對(duì)顧客是很熱情的(enthusiastic)。6.A.supplierB.wner C.custmerD.emplyeeB 根據(jù)下文“Mr. Smith explained the place was a candy stre pened by him 50 years ag”可知,史密斯先生是糖果店的店主(wner)。
7.A.manyB.sme C.variusD.nD 根據(jù)下文“s he sld nthing fr lng”可知,這家糖果店現(xiàn)在并沒(méi)(n)有糖果。8.A.brke ffB.calmed dwn C.went upD.faded awayD 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,老人想要關(guān)閉店鋪,應(yīng)該是因?yàn)樗木λネ?fade away)。
9.A.pessimisticB.psitive C.humrusD.clB 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及上下文可知,老人的生活態(tài)度是積極的(psitive)。10.A.buyB.sell C.keepD.exhibitC 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,店主是幫忙保存(keep)著兩年前顧客遺忘在店里的包。
11.A.manageB.exchange C.penD.clseD 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,史密斯想要關(guān)閉(clse)店鋪,但因?yàn)閾?dān)心失主回來(lái)找(lk fr)包才半開著門。12.A.lkingB.paying C.chargingD.lngingA 參見上題解析。
13.A.unbelievableB.sweet C.ddD.sensibleB 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,作者被史密斯善良的(sweet)行為感動(dòng)了。14.A.RecmmendedB.Fund C.LstD.DesertedB 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,紙上寫著“撿到的(fund)物品”。
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