高中英語教學大綱明確規(guī)定“側重提高閱讀能力”，這為我們的備考指明了方向。分析近幾年的高考英語試題，我們不難看出，閱讀理解是高考試題中難度最大，區(qū)分度最高的題型，自始至終占據著主導地位。閱讀理解能力屬于語言的領會技能，它不僅考查對語篇的整體把握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、準確理解特定細節(jié)以及復雜句子的能力。不僅要準確理解文章表層的意思，還要通過表層去推理、判斷。除此之外，還涉及非語言因素，如：對所學語言國家的社會和文化背景知識的掌握、生活常識、邏輯知識和語言修養(yǎng)等。
Ⅰ.閱讀理解題策略
一、先看題干，帶著問題讀文章。
即先看試題，再讀文章。閱讀題干，首先要掌握問題的類型，分清是客觀信息題還是主觀判斷題。其次，了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息，然后有針對性地對文章進行掃讀，對有關信息進行快速定位，再將相關信息進行整合、甄別、分析、對比，有根有據地排除干擾項，選出正確答案。
二、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。
近幾年的高考閱讀速度大約是每分鐘40詞左右。必須在十分有限的時間內運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速搜尋關鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點，并且理清文章脈絡，把握語篇實質。速讀全文對于主旨大意題的解決尤其有效，能快速抓住主干，確定好答案。
三、詳讀細節(jié)，理順思路與文章脈絡。
文章絕不是互不相干的句子的堆砌。作者為文，有脈可循。如記敘文多以人物為中心，以時間或空間為線索，按事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結局展開故事；議論文則包含論點、論據、結論三大要素，通過解釋、舉例來闡述觀點。
四、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。
深層理解主要包括歸納概括題(中心思想，加標題等)和推理判斷題，是閱讀理解中的難點。深層理解是一種創(chuàng)造性的思維活動。它必須忠實于原文，以文章提供的事實和線索為依據，立足已知推斷未知，不能憑空想像，隨意揣測；讀者要對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有：cnclude，infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
五、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。
猜詞是應用英語閱讀的重要能力，也是高考中常用的題型。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學會“順藤摸瓜”，通過構詞法，語法，定義，同位語，對比，因果，常識，上下文等線索確定詞義。
Ⅱ.閱讀理解常見問題及原因分析
問題一：已經找對了題干與原文對應處，為何還做錯？
原因：
①精確定位：要看清真正的問題，即用信息詞定位之后，要看清句子邏輯關系，弄清意思。
②學會看選項的方法：
a．找最貼近原文意思的選項；
b．去除選項間的相同信息，專門關注區(qū)別點；
c．分清褒貶；
d．分清程度大小，強烈關注選項中表內容的單詞；
e．看清范圍，分清是整體還是局部。
考點一、主旨大意題
1．主旨大意題常分為兩類：(1)選出文章最佳標題；(2)概括文章或段落大意。
2．主旨大意題主要考查對文章進行概括或總結的能力，它要求在閱讀短文時，能夠提煉文章的中心思想，體會作者的寫作意圖，充分運用邏輯概括能力，透過字里行間獲取文章最具代表性的觀點、論點及作者的情感傾向。研讀近幾年高考閱讀理解，可以發(fā)現對主旨大意類的考查占有相當重要的地位。
【方法技巧】主旨大意題的三種思路：
①尋找主題句，確定文章大意。在許多情況下，尤其是在閱讀說明文和議論文時，根據其篇章特點我們可以通過尋找短文的主題句來歸納出文章的主題。
主題句在文章中的位置通常有三種情況：開頭、中間、結尾(或在開頭結尾同時出現首尾呼應的主題句)，因此，仔細閱讀這類文章或段落的首尾句是關鍵。做主旨概括類試題多采用瀏覽法，即瀏覽文章的首段和尾段的首句或尾句或每段的首句或尾句，重點搜索主題信息。
②抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。尋找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在尋找各段落中心句的基礎上。各段落中心句的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。在這個過程中，不能僅依據只言片語或某一段落，而應該觀察全文的結構安排，理解文章濃墨重筆的“重心”，考慮文章的材料及支撐性細節(jié)是服務于什么，分析故事情節(jié)圍繞什么發(fā)展，最后用簡明扼要的文字將文章的中心思想表達出來。
③抓住文章主線和關鍵詞語，歸納文章中心。不是所有的段落都有主題句，有時主題句隱含在段落中。閱讀這樣的文章，就需要自己根據文章的細節(jié)來分析，繼而概括出段落的主題，推導出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清該段落主要講了哪幾個方面的內容，這些內容在邏輯上有什么聯系，然后加以歸納形成主題。
考點二、細節(jié)理解題
1．此類題型一般分兩種情況；直接事實題(在原文中可直接找到答案，常見的類型有對號入座題、是非判斷題、語意轉換題、表格理解題等)以及間接事實題(需要將題目信息與原文相關信息進行語意上的轉換)。
2．細節(jié)理解題要求考生對閱讀材料中的某一具體事實和細節(jié)進行理解。有些問題，考生可以直接從文中找到明確的答案，但有些則需要在理解的基礎上將有關信息進行處理，如計算、排序、判斷、比較等。

【技巧歸納】
做事實細節(jié)題最基本也最常用的方法是題干定位法。一般在原文中找到相關的句子，然后進行比較和分析，便可確定答案。此類題通常用一些疑問詞來提問，或是判斷正誤。
點撥：細節(jié)理解題的三個步驟：
①瀏覽全文，了解信息?？焖偻ㄗx全文，大致了解不同信息間的差異，為解決問題做好信息儲備。
②抓關鍵詞，快速尋讀。根據題目要求，從題干中抓住關鍵性詞語，以此為線索，通過略讀和尋讀的方法快速而準確地在文章中尋找與此問題相關的信息，找到后仔細閱讀，反復品味，認真比較選項和文中細節(jié)，在準確理解該細節(jié)的前提下，排除干擾項，從而確定答案。
③回讀信息，驗證答案。確定答案后，必須回讀原文，再一次根據原文中的信息對選項進行驗證。
總之，對于細節(jié)理解題，我們要恰當地運用略讀、查讀等技巧，在文章中尋找與此問題相關的段落、語句，仔細品味，對照比較，確定答案。
考點三、詞義猜測題
1．詞義猜測題的常見形式：
(1)直接對某個陌生的詞匯進行理解；
(2)對文中的某個代詞確認指代的對象；
(3)對多義詞或短語進行文中含義的精確定義；
(4)對英語中特有的表達、格言、諺語等進行直接的或解釋性的描述。
2．詞義猜測題是從特定的角度考查考生的閱讀理解和處理生詞的能力，它包括對詞、詞組和句意的理解。詞義猜測不僅是一項閱讀技巧，也是高考閱讀能力考查的一個方面。
【方法技巧】詞義猜測題的三大突破
1．根據定義猜測詞義。如果生詞由定語從句、同位語(同位語前常有r，similarly，that is t say，in rather wrds，namely，r rather，say等)或同位語從句來定義，或使用破折號、冒號、分號后的內容或引號中的內容加以解釋，理解這些定義或解釋就是在理解詞義。
2．根據對比、比較關系猜測詞義。在一個句子或段落中如有對兩個事物或兩種現象的對比性描述，我們可以從生詞的對立面猜測其詞義。表示對比關系的詞語主要有：unlike，nt，but，hwever，despite，in spite f，in cntrast等。表示對比關系的句子結構有：while引導的并列句。表示比較關系的詞語主要有：similarly，like，just as，als，as well as等。
3．通過構詞法猜測詞義。生詞的前綴、后綴、復合詞的各部分，詞性的變化都可以暗示出詞義。
注意
①不管這個詞多超綱，根據上下文都能得出其意思；
②不管這個詞多熟悉，都要通過上下文得出其在特定場合的意思。
考點四、推理判斷題
1．推理判斷題的考查形式通常為：
推斷隱含含義；推斷作者的觀點和態(tài)度；推斷寫作目的和意圖；推斷文章的出處；推斷文章中人物的性格態(tài)度等。
2．推理判斷題主要考查考生在理解全文的基礎上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運用邏輯思維，同時借助一定的常識進行分析、推理、判斷的能力。
【方法技巧】推理判斷題的五大技巧：
1．抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住某一段話中的關鍵信息，如關鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷，利用逆向思維或正面推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。
2．整合全文(段)信息進行推斷。做推理題時，有時需要在弄懂全文的基礎上，整合與題目相關的信息，綜合推理判斷，確定最佳結論。
3．利用語境的褒貶性進行推斷。幾乎每篇文章的語境都有一定的褒貶性，它反映了主人公的特定心理和情緒狀態(tài)及作者的寫作意圖，因此利用好這一點，就能在把握主旨大意的基礎上對文章進行準確的邏輯判斷。
4．根據文章的結論推斷作者的態(tài)度。作者的思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間，在推斷過程中，應特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達感情色彩的形容詞。
5．根據上下文的邏輯得出結論。邏輯結論是指嚴格根據文章中所陳述的事實、論點、例證等一系列論據材料進行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結論，而不是根據自己的經驗、態(tài)度、觀點或愛好去理解文章的內涵。
考點五、篇章結構題
解答此類題目首先要了解文章結構，從段落組織方式上看，有三種形式：總分式結構(總→分→總；總→分；分→總)、并列式結構(段落之間是平行關系，并且相對獨立)、對照式結構(結構形式是一正一反)。要想準確深刻地理解一篇文章，必須對文章的結構有所了解，把握文章的脈搏，特別是把握段與段之間的邏輯關系，然后分析作者采用了什么論證手段證明主題，從而正確解答試題。近幾年還有些試題考查全文或某一段落是以什么樣的形式展開論述的，一般來說有的按事情發(fā)展的順序，有的按時間的先后順序，有的按人物的活動內容，還有的按地點或空間的位置變換，閱讀時要特別注意。
【2018·全國I】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。
A
Washingtn, D.C. Bicycle Turs
Cherry Blssm Bike Tur in Washingtn, D.C.
Duratin Tur
This small grup bike tur is a fantastic way t see a wrld-famus cherry trees with beautiful flwers f Washingtn, D.C. Yur guide will prvide a histry lessn abut the trees and the famus mnuments where they blssm. Reserve yur spt befre availability — the cherry blssms—disappear!
Washingtn Capital Mnuments Bicycle Tur
Duratin:3 hurs (4 miles)
Jin a guided bike tur and view sme f the mst ppular mnuments in Washingtn, D.C. Explre the mnuments and memrials n the Natinal Mall as yur guide shares unique facts and histry at each stp. Guided tur includes bike, helmet, ckies and bttled water.
Capital City Bike Tur In Washingtn, D.C.
Duratin:3 hurs
Mrning r Afternn, this bike tur is the perfect tur fr D. C. newcmers and lcals lking t experience Washingtn, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effrt. Knwledgeable guides will entertain yu with the mst ,interesting stries abut Presidents, Cngress, memrials, and parks. Cmfrtable bikes and a smth tur rute(路線）make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washingtn Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tur
Duratin:3 hurs(7miles)
Jin a small grup bike tur fr an evening f explratin in the heart f Washingtn, D.C. Get up clse t the mnuments and memrials as yur bike the sites f Capitl Hill and the Natinal Mall. Frequent stps are made fr pht taking as yur guide ffers unique facts and histry. Tur includes bike, helmet, and bttled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
21. Which tur d yu need t bk in advance?
A. Cherry Blssm like Tur in Washingtn, D.C.
B. Washingtn capital Mnuments Bicycle Tur.
C. Capital City Bike Tur in Washingtn, D. C.
D. Washingtn Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tur.
22. What will yu d n the Capital City Bike Tur?
A. Meet famus peple. B. G t a natinal park.
C. Visit well-knwn museums. D. Enjy interesting stries.
23. Which f the fllwing des the bicycle tur at night prvide?
A. City maps. B. Cameras.
C. Meals D. Safety lights
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. D
【解析】本文是一篇廣告應用文。文章介紹了騎自行車到Washingtn, D.C.旅游的四中路線的相關行程及注意事項。
23. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章Washingtn Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tur中的All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.可知，所有騎行者都要裝備反光背心和安全手電筒。故選D。
B
Gd Mrning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used t grilling guests n the sfa every mrning, but she is cking up a strm in her latest rle — shwing families hw t prepare delicius and nutritius meals n a tight budget.
In Save Mney: Gd Fd, she visits a different hme each week and with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste, while preparing recipes fr under ￡5 per family a day. And the Gd Mrning Britain presenter says she’s been able t put a lt f what she’s leant int practice in her wn hme, preparing meals fr sns, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.
"We lve Mexican churrs, s I buy them n my phne frm my lcal Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay ￡5 fr a prtin(一份), but Matt makes them fr 26p a prtin, because they are flur, water, sugar and il. Everybdy can buy takeaway fd, but smetimes we’re nt aware hw cheaply we can make this fd urselves. "
The eight-part series(系列節(jié)自), Save Mney: Gd Fd, fllws in the ftsteps f ITV’s Save Mney: Gd Health, which gave viewers advice n hw t get value frm the vast range f health prducts n the market.
With fd ur biggest weekly husehld expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tnight’s Easter special they cme t the aid f a family in need f sme delicius inspiratin n a budget. The team transfrms the family’s lng weekend f celebratin with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
24. What d we knw abut Susanna Reid?
A. She enjys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new prgramme.
C. She dislikes wrking early in the mrning. D. She has had a light budget fr her family.
25. Hw des Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A. He buys cking materials fr her. B. He prepares fd fr her kids.
C. He assists her in cking matters. D. He invites guest families fr her.
26. What des the authr intend t d in paragraph 4?
A. Summarize the previus paragraphs. B. Prvide sme advice fr the readers.
C. Add sme backgrund infrmatin. D. Intrduce a new tpic fr discussin.
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making yurself a Perfect Chef D. Cking Well fr Less
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. C 27. D
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一檔英國系列電視節(jié)目，給觀眾介紹如何減少食物浪費以及如何以較少的預算做出美味佳肴。
24. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段知道Gd Mrning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used t grilling guests n the sfa every mrning, but she is cking up a strm in her latest rle可知，她開辟了一個新的節(jié)目。故選B。
25. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段中的In Save Mney: Gd Fd, she visits a different hme each week and with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste, while preparing recipes fr under ￡5 per family a day.可知， Susanna 在Matt Tebbutt的幫助下，提供如何減少食物浪費同時給每日生活費低于5英鎊的每個家庭準備食譜。故選C。解題關鍵詞：同義詞表達with the help f和help。
26. 寫作意圖題。根據文章第四段中的which gave viewers advice n hw t get value frm the vast range f health prducts n the market.可知，Save Mney: Gd Fd節(jié)目是Save Mney: Gd Health節(jié)目之后，給觀眾一些建議：如何從市場上眾多的健康產品中獲取價值。也就是給這個節(jié)目補充背景信息，故選C。
27. 主旨要義題。根據文章的整體內容可知，文章作者一直在講如何用較少的錢做出好的食物。根據文章中的prepare delicius and nutritius meals n a tight budget.（在資金緊張的情況下，準備可口且有營養(yǎng)的飯菜）；hw t reduce fd waste, while preparing recipes fr under ￡5 per family a day. 如何減少食物浪費同時花費低于￡5的一個家庭一整天的食譜；hw cheaply we can make this fd urselves. 我們自己做這種食物有多便宜；less expensive but still tasty recipes.不貴但仍然可口的食譜。故D項Cking Well fr Less是最佳標題。
C
Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging. When the the wrld was still ppulated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (聯系)grups develped their wn patterns f speech independent f each ther.Sme language experts believe that 10,000 years ag, when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple, they spke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Sn afterwards, many f thse peple started settling dwn t becme farmers, and their languages t became mre settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade,industrialisatin. the develpment f the natin-state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin. Especially glbalisatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages t disappear,and dminant languages such as English．Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.
At present, the wrld has abut 6 800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages. Often spken by many peple while ht. wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers.Eurpe has nly arund 200 Languages: the Americas abut 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number (中位數)f speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the wrlds languages are spken by fewer peple than
Already well ver 400 f the ttal f, 6,800 languages are clse t extinctin(消亡), with nly a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at randm, Busuu in Camern (eight remaining speakers),Chiapanec in Mexic(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(tw r three)r Wadjigu in Australia (ne, with a questin-mark): nne f these seems t have much chance f survival.
28. What can we infer abut languages in huntergatherer times?
A. They develped very fast. B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patters. D. They were clsely cnnected
29. Which f the fllwing best explains"dminant " underlined in paragraph 2？
A. Cmplex. B. Advanced.
C. Pwerful. D. Mdem.
30. Hw many languages are spken by less than 6, 000 peple at present?
A. Abut 6 800 B. Abut 3 400
C. Abut 2.400 D. Abut 1-200
31. What is the min idea f the text?
A. New languages will be created.
B. Peples lifestyles are reflected in languages
C. Human develpment results in fewer languages
D. Gegraphy determines language evlutin.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. B 31. C
【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章講述了隨著社會的發(fā)展人類語言越來越少及其原因。
29. 猜測詞義題。根據文章第二段中的dminant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.可知，英語、西班牙語和漢語正在替代其他語言。由此推知dminant languages意為：強有力的語言。故選C。
30. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第三段中的At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages.和The median number (中位數) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld’s languages are spken by fewer peple than that. 可知，目前世界上大約有6800種語言，但是講的人數少于6000人的占一半即3400。故選B。
31. 主旨要義題。根據文章第一段中的主題句Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging.可知，語言的產生和消失進行了幾千年，但最近時代語言產生的少，消失的太多。故選C。
D
We may think we're a culture that gets rid f ur wrn technlgy at the first sight f smething shiny and new, but a new study shws that we keep using ur ld devices(裝置) well after they g ut f style. That’s bad news fr the envirnment — and ur wallets — as these utdated devices cnsume much mre energy than the newer nes that d the same things.
T figure ut hw much pwer these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her clleagues at the Rchester Institute f Technlgy in New Yrk tracked the envirnmental csts fr each prduct thrughut its life — frm when its minerals are mined t when we stp using the device. This methd prvided a readut fr hw hme energy use has evlved since the early 1990s. Devices were gruped by generatin — Desktp cmputers, basic mbile phnes, and bx-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived n the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phnes, and LCD TVs entered hmes in 2002, befre tablets and e-readers shwed up in 2007.
As we accumulated mre devices, hwever, we didn't thrw ut ur ld nes. "The living-rm televisin is replaced and gets planted in the kids' rm, and suddenly ne day, yu have a TV in every rm f the huse," said ne researcher. The average number f electrnic devices rse frm fur per husehld in 1992 t 13 in 2007. We're nt just keeping these ld devices — we cntinue t use them. Accrding t the analysis f Babbitt's team, ld desktp mnitrs and bx TVs with cathde ray tubes are the wrst devices with their energy cnsumptin and cntributin t greenhuse gas emissins（排放）mre than dubling during the 1992 t 2007 windw.
S what's the slutin（解決方案）? The team's data nly went up t 2007, but the researchers als explred what wuld happen if cnsumers replaced ld prducts with new electrnics that serve mre than ne functin, such as a tablet fr wrd prcessing and TV viewing. They fund that mre n-demand entertainment viewing n tablets instead f TVs and desktp cmputers culd cut energy cnsumptin by 44%.
32. What des the authr think f new devices?
A. They are envirnment-friendly. B. They are n better than the ld.
C. They cst mre t use at hme. D. They g ut f style quickly.
33. Why did Babbitt's team cnduct the research?
A. T reduce the cst f minerals.
B. T test the life cycle f a prduct.
C. T update cnsumers n new technlgy.
D. T find ut electricity cnsumptin f the devices.
34. Which f the fllwing uses the least energy?
A. The bx-set TV. B. The tablet.
C. The LCD TV. D. The desktp cmputer.
35. What des the text suggest peple d abut ld electrnic devices?
A. Stp using them. B. Take them apart.
C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them.
【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A
【解析】本文是一篇科普說明文。文章講述了新舊電子設備的差別，舊電子設備耗能高，不環(huán)保。所以作者主張使用新電子設備。
32. 觀點態(tài)度題。根據文章第一段中的That’s bad news fr the envirnment – and ur wallets – as these utdated devices cnsume much mre energy than the newer nes that d the same things.可知，使用舊的電子設備對環(huán)境和我們的錢包都是壞消息。這些過時的設備做相同的事情要消耗比新設備更多的能量。由此推知作者認為新電子設備環(huán)保、節(jié)能。故選A。
33. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段中的T figure ut hw much pwer these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her clleagues at the Rchester Institute f Technlgy in New Yrk tracked the envirnmental csts fr each prduct thrughut its life 可知，Babbitt’s team研究的目的是弄清楚這些設備用了多少電。故選D。
34. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章最后一段中的They fund that mre n-demand entertainment viewing n tablets instead f TVs and desktp cmputers culd cut energy cnsumptin by 44%.可知，平板電腦是耗能最少的電子設備，可以降低44%的耗能。故選B。
35. 推理判斷題。根據文章的整體內容可知，因為舊的電子設備耗能高，不環(huán)保。所以作者建議停止使用舊的電子設備。故選A。
【2018·全國II】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。
A
Summer Activities
Students shuld read the list with their parents/careers, and select tw activities they
wuld like t d. Frms will be available in schl and nline fr them t indicate their chices and return t schl. Befre chices are finalised, parents/careers will be asked t
sign t cnfirm their child’s chices.
21. Which activity will yu chse if yu want t g camping?
A. OUT. B. WBP. C. CRF. D. POT.
22. What will the students d n Tuesday with Mrs. Wilsn?
A. Travel t Lndn.
B. See a parade and firewrks.
C. Tur central Paris.
D. Visit the WWI battlefields.
23. Hw lng des Ptty abut Ptter last?
A. Tw days. B. Fur days.
C. Five days. D. One week.
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. A
【解析】本文是一篇廣告布告類說明文。文中講述了家長和孩子一起挑選可以參加的活動。文中分別對這些活動的名稱，活動內容，活動特色和活動組織工作人員還有活動的價格進行了詳細的描述。
23. 細節(jié)理解題。根據題干中的信息Ptty abut Ptter last我們從最后一種活動來尋找答案。關鍵信息vernight意為“一夜的逗留”。故這個活動是持續(xù)兩天。故選A。
B
Many f us lve July because it’s the mnth when nature’s berries and stne fruits are in abundance. These clurful and sweet jewels frm British Clumbia’s fields are little pwerhuses f nutritinal prtectin.
Of the cmmn berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, althugh, because f their seeds, raspberries cntain a little mre prtein (蛋白質), irn and zinc (nt that fruits have much prtein). Blueberries are particularly high in antixidants (抗氧化物質). The yellw and range stne fruits such as peaches are high in the cartenids we turn int vitamin A and which are antixidants. As fr cherries (櫻桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C.
When cmbined with berries f slices f ther fruits, frzen bananas make an excellent base fr thick, cling fruit shakes and lw fat “ice cream”. Fr this purpse, select ripe bananas fr freezing as they are much sweeter. Remve the skin and place them in plastic bags r cntainers and freeze. If yu like, a squeeze f fresh lemn juice n the bananas will prevent them turning brwn. Frzen bananas will last several weeks, depending n their ripeness and the temperature f the
If yu have a juicer, yu can simply feed in frzen bananas and sme berries r sliced fruit. Out cmes a “sft-serve” creamy dessert, t be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity fr a children’s party; they lve feeding the fruit and frzen bananas int the tp f the machine and watching the ice cream cme ut belw.
24. What des the authr seem t like abut cherries?
A. They cntain prtein. B. They are high in vitamin A.
C. They have a pleasant taste. D. They are rich in antixidants.
25. Why is fresh lemn juice used in freezing bananas?
A. T make them smell better. B. T keep their clur.
C. T speed up their ripening. D. T imprve their nutritin.
26. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A. A dessert. B. A drink.
C. A cntainer. D. A machine.
27. Frm which is the text prbably taken?
A. A bilgy textbk. B. A health magazine.
C. A research paper. D. A travel brchure.
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. B
【解析】本文是一篇日常生活類說明文。文中講述了人們熱愛水果豐盛的7月，這時候各種水果營養(yǎng)豐富且含有對人體有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我們可以利用它做一些孩子喜歡的甜點或冰淇淋。
24. 細節(jié)理解題。題干問的是，作者喜歡櫻桃什么。根據第二段中As fr cherries (櫻桃), they are s delicius wh cares?（至于櫻桃，因為它們很好吃誰在乎呢?）可知，作者在乎的是它的美味。故選C。
25. 細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中的If yu like, a squeeze f fresh lemn juice n the bananas will prevent them turning brwn.可知，往香蕉上滴新鮮的檸檬汁是為了防止香蕉變成褐色，故新鮮的檸檬汁是被用來保持香蕉的顏色的。故選B。
26. 詞義猜測題。根據最后一段中they lve feeding the fruit and frzen bananas int the tp f the machine and watching the ice cream cme ut belw可知，孩子們喜歡把一些水果和冷凍的香蕉放入到這臺機器的上部，然后看到冰激凌從下面出來。故可以推出a juicer就是一臺機器。故選D。
27. 文章出處題。文章首先指出七月是水果盛產的季節(jié)，并指出各種水果富含的營養(yǎng)，最后一段指出我們可以用a juicer為孩子們做一些甜點和冰激凌，故最可能是從健康雜志上摘取的文章。A項意為：生物教科書；B項意為：一本健康雜志；C項意為：一篇研究論文；D項意為：一本旅游手冊。故選B。
C
Teens and yunger children are reading a lt less fr fun, accrding t a Cmmn Sense Media reprt published Mnday.
While the decline ver the past decade is steep fr teen readers, sme data in the reprt shws that reading remains a big part f many children’s lives, and indicates hw parents might help encurage mre reading.
Accrding t the reprt’s key findings, “the prprtin (比例) wh say they ‘hardly ever’ read fr fun has gne frm 8 percent f 13-year-lds and 9 percent f 17-year-lds in 1984 t 22 percent and 27 percent respectively tday.”
The reprt data shws that pleasure reading levels fr yunger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amunt f time spent in reading each sessin has declined, frm clser t an hur r mre t clser t a half hur per sessin.zxx.k
When it cmes t technlgy and reading, the reprt des little t cunsel(建議) parents lking fr data abut the effect f e-readers and tablets n reading. It des pint ut that many parents still limit electrnic reading, mainly due t cncerns abut increased screen time.
The mst hpeful data shared in the reprt shws clear evidence f parents serving as examples and imprtant guides fr their kids when it cmes t reading. Data shws that kids and teens wh d read frequently, cmpared t infrequent readers, have mre bks in the hme, mre bks purchased fr them, parents wh read mre ften, and parents wh set aside time fr them t read.
As the end f schl appraches, and schl vacatin reading lists lm(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance t step in and make their wn summer reading list and plan a family trip t the library r bkstre.
28. What is the Cmmn Sense Media reprt prbably abut?
A. Children’s reading habits.
B. Quality f children’s bks.
C. Children’s after-class activities.
D. Parent-child relatinships.
29. Where can yu find the data that best supprts "children are reading a lt less fr fun"?
A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3.
C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5.
30. Why d many parents limit electrnic reading?
A. E-bks are f pr quality.
B. It culd be a waste f time.
C. It may harm children’s health.
D. E-readers are expensive.
31. Hw shuld parents encurage their children t read mre?
A. Act as rle mdels fr them.
B. Ask then t write bk reprts.
C. Set up reading grups fr them.
D. Talk with their reading class teachers.
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A
【解析】據本周一公布的a Cmmn Sense Media reprt報告顯示，青少年和年幼的孩子們讀書的樂趣大大減少。文中從閱讀的樂趣，閱讀的時間，閱讀方式和父母對孩子閱讀的影響等角度展示了該報告的內容。
29. 推理判斷題。根據第三段中的the prprtin (比例) wh say they ‘hardly ever’ read fr fun has gne frm 8 percent f 13-year-lds and 9 percent f 17-year-lds in 1984 t 22 percent and 27 percent respectively tday.可知，很少為樂趣而閱讀的人的比例已經分別從1984年的13歲的8%和17歲的9%上升到現在的22%和27%。也就是說，為樂趣而讀書的人越來越少了。故選B。
30. 推理判斷題。根據倒數第三段最后一句many parents still limit electrnic reading, mainly due t cncerns abut increased screen time可知，許多家長仍然限制電子閱讀，主要是由于擔心看一些電子屏幕的時間越來越多，也即是擔心會傷害孩子們的健康。故選C。
31. 細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段The mst hpeful data shared in the reprt shws clear evidence f parents serving as examples and imprtant guides fr their kids when it cmes t reading.可知，有明顯的證據表明，父母為孩子們做榜樣并為孩子們作重要指導能培養(yǎng)孩子的閱讀習慣。也即是說，父母可以通過給孩子們作榜樣來鼓勵孩子們閱讀的。故選A。
D
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank r n an airplane, surrunded by peple wh are, like us, deeply fcused n their smartphnes r, wrse, struggling with the uncmfrtable silence.
What’s the prblem? It’s pssible that we all have cmprmised cnversatinal intelligence. It’s mre likely that nne f us start a cnversatin because it’s awkward and challenging, r we think it’s annying and unnecessary. But the next time yu find yurself amng strangers, cnsider that small talk is wrth the truble. Experts say it’s an invaluable scial practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimprtant is easy, but we can’t frget that deep relatinships wuldn’t
even exist if it weren’t fr casual cnversatin. Small talk is the grease(潤滑劑) fr scial cmmunicatin, says Bernard Carducci, directr f the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Sutheast. ＂Almst every great lve stry and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key t successful small talk is learning hw t cnnect with thers, nt just cmmunicate with them.＂
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, assciate prfessr f psychlgy at UBC, invited peple n their way int a cffee shp. One grup was asked t seek ut an interactin(互動) with its waiter; the ther, t speak nly when necessary. The results shwed that thse wh chatted with their server reprted significantly higher psitive feelings and a better cffee shp experience. ＂It’s nt that talking t the waiter is better than talking t yur husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactins with peripheral(邊緣的) members f ur scial netwrk matter fr ur well-being als.＂
Dunn believes that peple wh reach ut t strangers feel a significantly greater sense f belnging, a bnd with thers. Carducci believes develping such a sense f belnging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis f gd manners,＂ he says.
32. What phenmenn is described in the first paragraph?
A. Addictin t smartphnes.
B. Inapprpriate behaviurs in public places.
C. Absence f cmmunicatin between strangers.
D. Impatience with slw service.
33. What is imprtant fr successful small talk accrding t Carducci?
A. Shwing gd manners. B. Relating t ther peple.
C. Fcusing n a tpic. D. Making business deals.
34. What des the cffee-shp study suggest abut small talk?
A. It imprves family relatinships. B. It raises peple’s cnfidence.
C. It matters as much as a frmal talk. D. It makes peple feel gd.
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Cnversatin Cunts B. Ways f Making Small Talk
C. Benefits f Small Talk D. Uncmfrtable Silence
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】這是一篇議論文。在當今社會，人們在公共場合或沉迷于智能手機，或與不舒服的沉默抗爭，陌生人之間缺乏溝通。但人與人之間是需要適當的交談閑聊的，閑聊是人際關系社會交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好處。
32. 主旨大意題。題干問的是：第一段描述了什么現象。在公共場合（比如在電梯里，在銀行排隊，或在飛機上）人們深深地專注于他們的智能手機，或者更糟糕的是，與不舒服的沉默抗爭。有此可知，陌生人之間缺乏溝通。A項意為：沉迷于智能手機。B項意為：在公共場所不適當的行為。C項意為：陌生人之間缺乏溝通。D項意為：對緩慢的服務不耐煩。故選C項。
33. 推理判斷題。題干問得是對于Carducci來說，成功的閑聊中重要的是什么。根據第三段最后一句“The key t successful small talk is learning hw t cnnect with thers, nt just cmmunicate with them”（成功閑聊的關鍵是學習如何與他們交流，而不僅僅是與他們溝通。）由此推斷C符合題意。A項意為：表現出良好的禮貌。B項意為：與他人有關的。C項意為：專注于一個話題。D項意為：做商業(yè)交易。故選B項。
34. 推理判斷題。題干問的是：咖啡店的研究對閑聊有什么建議。根據第四段的調查結果可知，那些與服務員聊天的人，有顯著的積極情緒和更好的咖啡店體驗。由此可知，D項符合題意。A項意為：閑聊改善了家庭關系。B項意為：閑聊提高了人們的信心。C項意為：閑聊和正式談話一樣重要。D項意為：閑聊讓人感覺很好。故選D項。
35. 主旨大意題。整篇文章剛開始介紹了社會的現象（公共場合人們沉迷于智能手機，陌生人之間缺乏溝通交流），接著分析了這一問題的原因，接下來有專家對閑聊進行了研究，最后得出結論，閑聊都有什么樣的好處。A項意為：談話很重要。B項意為：閑聊的方法。C項意為：閑聊的好處。D項意為：不舒服的沉默。故選C項。
【2018·全國III】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。
A
Welcme t Hlker Hall & Gardens
Visitr Infrmatin
Hw t Get t Hlker
By Car： Fllw brwn signs an A590 frm JB6, M6.Apprximale travel times: Windermere-20 minutes, Kendal-25 minutes, Lancaster-45 minutes, Manchester-I hur 30
By Rail: The nearest statin is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains t Carnfrth, Lancaster Prestn fr cnnectins t majr cities & airprts.
Opening Times
Sunday-Friday (clsed n Saturday)11:00 am-4:00pm,30 March-2nd Nvember.
Admissin Charges
Hall & Gardens Gardens
Adults: ￡12.00 ￡8.00
Grups ￡9 ￡5.5
Prducers: Market 13th April
Jin us t taste a variety f fresh lcal fd and drinks. Meet the prducers and get sme excellent recipe ideas.
Hlker Garden Festival 30th May
The event celebrate its 22nd anniversary with a great shw f the very best f gardening, making it ne f the mst ppular events in gardening.
Natinal Garden Day 28th August
Hlker nce again pens is gardens in aid f the disadvantaged. Fr just a small dnatin yu can take a tur with ur garden guide.
Winter Market 8th Nvember
This is an event fr all the family. Wander amng a variety f shps selling gifs while enjying a live music shw and nice street entertainment.
21. Hw lng des it prbably take a turist t drive t Hlker frm Manchester?
A. 20minutes. B. 25 minutes.
C. 45 minutes. D. 90 minutes.
22. Hw much shuld a member f a tur grup pay t visit t Hall & Cardens?
A. ￡l2.00. B. ￡9.00.
C. ￡8.0 D. ￡5.50
23. Which event will yu g t if yu want t see a live music shw?
A. Prducers' Market. B. Hlker Garden Festival.
C. Natinal Garden Day. D. Winter Market.
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. D
【解析】文章為旅游指南。文章主要介紹了去Hlker Hall& Garden 旅游的相關信息，如：出行方式，開放時間，旅行費用以及主要活動等。
21. 細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段Hw t Get t Hlker中By car里Apprximate travel times后面內容可知，從Manchester到Hlker要用1 hur and 30 minutes，即90分鐘，故選D。
B
Cities usually have a gd reasn fr being where they are, like a nearby prt r river. Peple settle in these places because they are easy t get t and naturally suited t cmmunicatins and trade. New Yrk City, fr example, is near a large harbur at the muth f the Hudsn River. Over 300 years its ppulatin grew gradually frm 800 peple t 8 millin. But nt all cities develp slwly ver a lng perid f time. Bm twns grw frm nthing almst vernight. In 1896, Dawsn, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gld was discvered there in 1897, and tw years later, it was ne f the largest cities in the West, with a ppulatin f 30,000.
Dawsn did nt have any f the natural cnveniences f cities like Lndn r Paris. Peple went there fr gld. They travelled ver snw-cvered muntains and sailed hundreds f miles up icy rivers. The path t Dawsn was cvered with thirty feet f wet snw that culd fall withut warming. An avalanche(雪崩) nce clsed the path, killing 63 peple. Fr many wh made it t Dawsn, hwever, the rewards were wrth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 peple wh dug fr gld, 4,000 gt rich. Abut 100 f these stayed rich men fr the rest f their lives.
But n matter hw rich they were, Dawsn was never cmfrtable. Necessities like fd and wd were very expensive. But sn, the gld that Dawsn depended n had all been fund. The city was crwded with disappinted peple with n interest in settling dwn, and when they heard there were new gld discveries in Alaska, they left Dawsn City as quickly as they had cme. Tday, peple still cme and g — t see where the Canadian gld rush happened. Turism is nw the chief industry f Dawsn City — its present ppulatin is 762.
24. What attracted the early settlers t New Yrk City?
A. Its business culture.
B. Its small ppulatin.
C. Its gegraphical psitin.
D. Its favurable climate.
25. What d we knw abut thse wh first dug fr gld in Dawsn?
A. Tw-thirds f them stayed there.
B. One ut f five peple gt rich.
C. Almst everyne gave up.
D. Half f them died.
26. What was the main reasn fr many peple t leave Dawsn?
A. They fund the city t crwded.
B. They wanted t try their luck elsewhere.
C. They were unable t stand the winter.
D. They were shrt f fd.
27. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The rise and fall f a city.
B. The gld rush in Canada.
C. Jurneys int the wilderness.
D. Turism in Dawsn.
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. B 27. A
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了Dawsn這座城市的發(fā)展原因、過程與現狀。
24. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段中Cities usually have a gd reasn fr being where they are, like a nearby prt r river. Peple settle in these places because they are easy t get t and naturally suited t cmmunicatins and trade. New Yrk City, fr example, is near a large harbur at the muth f the Hudsn River.可知，人們選擇在河邊或港口設城是因為交通方便，便于做生意。而紐約就是在哈德森河口附近的一個大港口，故紐約吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故C正確。
25. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段最后一句Of the first 20,000 peple wh dug fr gld, 4,000 gt rich. Abut 100 f these stayed rich men fr the rest f their lives.可知，在最初挖黃金的兩萬人中有4000人變富有，所以是五分之一的人變富了，故B正確。
26. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章最后一段中and when they heard there were new gld discveries in Alaska, they left Dawsn City as quickly as they had cme.可知，人們離開Dawsn的主要原因是聽說在Alaska發(fā)現了黃金，也就是他們要去別的地方尋找發(fā)財的機會。故B正確。
27. 主旨大意題。第一段簡要介紹城市發(fā)展的原因，引出Dawsn這一城市的興起，第二段介紹了該城市興起的原因，第三段介紹人們選擇離開該城市的原因及現在的狀況，所以全文圍繞Dawsn這個城市的發(fā)展起伏。故A正確。
C
While famus freign architects are invited t lead the designs f landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV twer and the Natinal Center fr the Perfrming Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great effrts t take the center stage.
Their effrts have been prven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-ld Chinese architect, wn the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is ften referred t as the Nbel Prize in architecture — n February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen t win this award.
Wang serves as head f the Architecture Department at the China Academy f Art (CAA). His ffice is lcated at the Xiangshan campus(校園) f the university in Hangzhu, Zhejiang Prvince. Many buildings n the campus are his riginal creatins.
The style f the campus is quite different frm that f mst Chinese universities. Many visitrs were amazed by the cmplex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲線) f the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall f hills, frming a unique view.
Wang cllected mre than 7 millin abandned bricks f different ages. He asked the wrkers t use traditinal techniques t make the bricks int walls, rfs and crridrs. This creatin attracted a lt f attentin thanks t its mixture f mdern and traditinal Chinese elements(元素).
Wang’s wrks shw a deep understanding f mdern architecture and a gd knwledge f traditins. Thrugh such a balance, he had created a new type f Chinese architecture, said Tada And, the winner f the 1995 Pritzker Prize.
Wang believes traditins shuld nt be sealed in glass bxes at museums. "That is nly evidence that traditins nce existed," he said.
"Many Chinese peple have a misunderstanding f traditins. They think traditin means ld things frm the past. In fact, traditin als refers t the things that have been develping and that are still being created, " he said.
"Tday, many Chinese peple are learning Western styles and theries rather than fcusing n Chinese traditins. Many peple tend t talk abut traditins withut knwing what they really are, " said Wang.
The study f traditins shuld be cmbined with practice. Otherwise, the recreatin f traditins wuld be artificial and empty, he said.
28. Wang’s winning f the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________.
A. fllwing the latest wrld trend
B. getting internatinal recgnitin
C. wrking harder than ever befre
D. relying n freign architects
29. What impressed visitrs t the CAA Xiangshan campus mst?
A. Its hilly envirnment.
B. Its large size.
C. Its unique style.
D. Its diverse functins.
30. What made Wang’s architectural design a success?
A. The mixture f different shapes.
B. The balance f East and West.
C. The use f ppular techniques.
D. The harmny f ld and new.
31. What shuld we d abut Chinese traditins accrding t Wang?
A. Spread them t the wrld. B. Preserve them at museums.
C. Teach them in universities. D. Recreate them in practice.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. D 31. D
【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了中國建筑設計師王澍在其作品中融合中國傳統建筑文化，獲得了建筑界的諾貝爾獎——普利策獎，這讓中國建筑現在得到了國際認可。
30. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第六段1995年普利策獎的獲得者Tada And的評語可知，王澍設計的成功之處是把中國傳統元素融入現代設計，并保持兩者的和諧，故D正確。
31. 推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段和倒數第三段中In fact, traditin als refers t the things that have been develping and that are still being created可知，傳統的研究要與實踐相結合，在實踐中進行再創(chuàng)造，否則就會是人工的和空的，故D正確。
D
Adults understand what it feels like t be flded with bjects. Why d we ften assume that mre is mre when it cmes t kids and their belngings? The gd news is that I can help my wn kids learn earlier than I did hw t live mre with less.
I fund the pre-hlidays a gd time t encurage yung children t dnate less-used things, and it wrked. Because f ur effrts, ur daughter Gergia did decide t dnate a large bag f tys t a little girl whse mther was unable t pay fr her hliday due t illness. She chse t sell a few larger bjects that were less ften used when we prmised t put the mney int her schl fund(基金）(ur kindergarten daughter is serius abut becming a dctr)
Fr weeks, I've been thinking f bigger, deeper questins: Hw d we make it a habit fr them? And hw d we train urselves t help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my sn, Shepherd, determined t test my wn thery n this. I decided t play with him with nly ne ty fr as lng as it wuld keep his interest. I expected that ne ty wuld keep his attentin fr abut five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chse a red rubber ball-simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried t put it in his muth, he tried buncing it, rlling it, sitting n it, thrwing it. It was ttally, cmpletely enugh fr him. Befre I knew it an hur had passed and it was time t mve n t lunch.
We bth became absrbed in the simplicity f playing tgether. He had my full attentin and I had his. My little experiment t find jy in a single bject wrked fr bth f us.
32. What d the wrds “mre is mre” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A. The mre, the better. B. Enugh is enugh.
C. Mre mney, mre wrries. D. Earn mre and spend mre.
33. What made Gergia agree t sell sme f her bjects?
A. Saving up fr her hliday B. Raising mney fr a pr girl
C. Adding the mney t her fund D. Giving the mney t a sick mther
34. Why did the authr play the ball with Shepherd?
A. T try ut an idea
B. T shw a parent's lve
C. T train his attentin
D. T help him start a hbby
35. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Take It r Leave It B. A Lessn frm Kids
C. Live Mre with Less D. The Pleasure f Giving
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】這是一片夾敘夾議文。文章講述作者引導孩子主動捐獻玩具，并從玩耍簡單玩具中獲得快樂的做法。
32. 詞義猜測題。根據文章第一段最后一句…I can help my wn kids learn earlier than I did hw t live mre with less可以推斷出，人們通常認為越多越好。故選A。
33. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段中She chse t sell a few larger bjects that were less ften used when we prmised t put the mney int her schl fund(基金)可知，當我們承諾給她把賣玩具的錢放到她的教育基金里時，她同意賣玩具。故選C。
34. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章最后一段最后一句My little experiment t find jy in a single bject wrked fr bth f us.表明，跟Shepherd玩球是為了測試自己的一種想法是否可行。故選A。
35. 主旨大意題。根據文章第一段可知，作者想要教會孩子hw t live mre with less，而二三段是作者的嘗試，故C作標題適合。
【2018·浙江卷】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。
A
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was brn, there were 66 nvels published in Britain. Peple had been writing nvels fr a century—mst experts date the first nvel t Rbinsn Cruse in 1719—
but nbdy wanted t d it prfessinally. The steam-pwered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（識字） rate in England was under 50%. Many wrks f fictin appeared withut the names f the authrs, ften with smething like “By a lady.”Nvels, fr the mst part, were lked upn as silly, immral, r just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the wrld murned him as its first prfessinal writer and publisher, famus and belved, wh had led an explsin in bth the publicatin f nvels and their readership and whse characters — frm Oliver Twist t Tiny Tim— were held up as mral tuchstnes. Tday Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Remving him frm the panthen（名人堂） f English literature wuld make abut as much sense as the Luvre selling ff the Mna Lisa.
Hw did Dickens get t the tp? Fr all the feelings readers attach t stries, literature is a numbers game, and the test f time is extremely difficult t pass. Sme 60,000 nvels were published during the Victrian age, frm 1837 t1901; tday a casual reader might be able t name a half-dzen f them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style f writing attracted audiences
frm all walks f life. It’s partly that his writings rde a wave f scial, plitical and scientific prgress. But it’s als that he rewrte the culture f literature and put himself at the center. N ne will ever knw what mix f talent, ambitin, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary f his birth appraches, it is pssible — and imprtant fr ur wn culture—t understand hw he made himself a lasting ne.
21. Which f the fllwing best describes British nvels in the 18th century?
A. They were difficult t understand.
B. They were ppular amng the rich.
C. They were seen as nearly wrthless.
D. They were written mstly by wmen.
22. Dickens is cmpared with the Mna Lisa in the text t stress________.
A. his reputatin in France
B. his interest in mdern art
C. his success in publicatin
D. his imprtance in literature
23. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T remember a great writer.
B. T intrduce an English nvel.
C. T encurage studies n culture.
D. T prmte values f the Victrian age.
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A
【解析】本文寫于Charles Dickens誕辰200周年前夕，介紹了Charles Dickens在英國小說方面的重要貢獻和深遠影響。
21. 細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段對當時情況的描寫nbdy wanted t d it prfessinally. The steam-pwered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（識字）rate in England was under 50%. Many wrks f fictin appeared withut the names f the authrs Nvels, fr the mst part, were lked upn as silly, immral, r just plain bad.印刷技術落后，人們識字率低，作品上沒有作者名字，小說被認為是愚蠢的不正常的，毫無價值可言。故選C。
23. 寫作意圖題。根據文中對Charles Dickens及其作品在英國小說史上重要性的描寫，和文章最后But as the 200th anniversary f his birth appraches, it is pssible — and imprtant fr ur wn culture—t understand hw he made himself a lasting ne.可知本文是寫于Charles Dickens誕辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者寫本文是為了紀念這位偉大的作家。故選A。
B
Steven Stein likes t fllw garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when yu cnsider that he’s an envirnmental scientist wh studies hw t reduce litter, including things that fall ff garbage trucks as they drive dwn the rad. What is even mre interesting is that ne f Stein's jbs is defending an industry behind the plastic shpping bags.
Americans use mre than 100 billin thin film plastic bags every year. S many end up in tree branches r alng highways that a grwing number f cities d nt allw them at checkuts(收銀臺) . The bags are prhibited in sme 90 cities in Califrnia, including Ls Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein t make the case that their prducts are nt as bad fr the planet as mst peple assume.
Amng the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allw shppers t purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require mre energy t prduce and transprt. And while plastic bags may be ugly t lk at, they represent a small percentage f all garbage n the grund tday
The industry has als taken aim at the prduct that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shpping bags. The strnger a reusable bag is, the lnger its life and the mre plastic-bag use it cancels ut. Hwever, lnger-lasting reusable bags ften require mre energy t make. One study fund that a cttn bag must be used at least 131 times t be better fr the planet than plastic.
Envirnmentalists dn't dispute（質疑） these pints. They hpe paper bags will be banned smeday t and want shppers t use the same reusable bags fr years.
24. What has Steven Stein been hired t d?
A. Help increase grcery sales.
B. Recycle the waste material.
C. Stp things falling ff trucks.
D. Argue fr the use f plastic bags.
25. What des the wrd “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Bans n plastic bags.
B. Effects f city develpment.
C. Headaches caused by garbage.
D. Plastic bags hung in trees.
26. What is a disadvantage f reusable bags accrding t plastic-bag makers?
A. They are quite expensive.
B. Replacing them can be difficult.
C. They are less strng than plastic bags.
D. Prducing them requires mre energy.
27. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Plastic, Paper r Neither
B. Industry, Pllutin and Envirnment
C. Recycle r Thrw Away
D. Garbage Cllectin and Waste Cntrl
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. D 27. A
【解析】文章分析了幾種購物袋的使用情況，塑料袋造成了環(huán)境問題，盡管紙袋容易回收，但生產和運輸需要更多的能源，希望消費者使用耐用可重復使用的袋子。
25. 詞義猜測題。上文介紹在許多美國大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到這種現狀，塑料袋生產商雇用Steven Stein等科學家是為了證明他們的產品并不像大多數人想象的那樣對地球有害。headwinds“逆風”，此處指塑料袋被禁用的現狀，即Bans n plastic bags，故選A。
26. 細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段Hwever, lnger-lasting reusable bags ften require mre energy t make.可知塑料袋生產商認為生產耐用且能重復使用的袋子需要更多的能量，故選D。
27. 標題歸納題。文章講述了使用塑料袋造成的環(huán)境問題，紙袋容易回收，但生產和運輸需要更多的能源，希望消費者使用耐用可重復使用的袋子。對這三種方式進行了對比，Plastic, Paper r Neither既能概括全文，又能吸引讀者，最適合作為標題。故選A。
C
As cultural symbls g, the American car is quite yung. The Mdel T Frd was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ag, with the first rlling ff the assembly line（裝配線） n September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were prduced the next mnth. But eventually Henry Frd wuld build fifteen millin f them.
Mdern America was brn n the rad, behind a wheel. The car shaped sme f the mst lasting aspects f American culture: the radside diner, the billbard, the mtel, even the hamburger. Fr mst f the last century, the car represented what it meant t be American—ging frward at high speed t find new wrlds. The rad nvel, the rad mvie, these are the mst typical American ideas, brn f abundant petrl, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public wrks prject in histry.
In 1928 Herbert Hver imagined an America with “a chicken in every pt and a car in every garage.” Since then, this sciety has mved nward, never lking back, as the car transfrmed America frm a farm-based sciety int an industrial
The cars that drve the American Dream have helped t create a glbal eclgical disaster. In America the demand fr il has grwn by 22 percent since 1990.
The prblems f excessive（過度的）energy cnsumptin, climate change and ppulatin grwth have been described in a bk by the American writer Thmas L. Friedman. He fears the wrst, but hpes fr the best.
Friedman pints ut that the green ecnmy（經濟）is a chance t keep American strength. “The ability t design, build and exprt green technlgies fr prducing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant fd is ging t be the currency f pwer in the new century.”
28. Why is hamburger mentined in paragraph 2?
A. T explain Americans’ lve fr travelling by car.
B. T shw the influence f cars n American culture.
C. T stress the ppularity f fast fd with Americans.
D. T praise the effectiveness f America’s rad system.
29. What has the use f cars in America led t?
A. Decline f ecnmy. B. Envirnmental prblems.
C. A shrtage f il supply. D. A farm-based sciety.
30. What is Friedman’s attitude twards America’s future?
A. Ambiguus. B. Dubtful. C. Hpeful. D. Tlera
【答案】28. B 29. B 30. C
【解析】文章講述了汽車在美國經濟和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽車帶來的環(huán)境問題。
29. 細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段The cars that drve the American Dream have helped t create a glbal eclgical disaster.可知，美國汽車的迅速發(fā)展，導致全球生態(tài)災難，也就是造成環(huán)境問題。故選B。
30. 推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中的He fears the wrst, but hpes fr the best. 和最后一段中的Friedman pints ut that the green ecnmy（經濟）is a chance t keep American strength.可見Friedman雖然對未來擔心，但抱有最好的希望，他指出了發(fā)展綠色積極的想法。可見Friedman對未來是充滿希望的，故選C。
【2018·天津卷】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。
A
Fire Preventin Infrmatin
The University f Adelaide emplys a full-time staff f fire preventin prfessinals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(噴水滅火裝置）systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers (滅火器). They als prvide educatinal prgrams r fire safety in the residence hall. Whenever yu mve t a new area, yu shuld lcate the fire alarm pull statins and the tw exits nearest yur rm.
Fire Alarms
The flrs f all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手動的）fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull statins and pipes. Mst are als equipped with autmatic fire alarm systems cnsisting f heat detectrs, smke detectrs and sprinklers. Fr yur safety, never tamper with(胡亂擺弄）these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead t imprisnment.
Fire Drills
A fire drill will be cnducted in yur residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please d the fllwing:
·Take yur rm key and ID, clse and lck the dr t yur rm.
·Exit immediately frm the nearest emergency exit d nt use a lift.
·Meet utside f yur residence hall and wait fr further instructins.
Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers are lcated n each flr and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher nly if yu have been trained t d s. Irrespnsible use f a fire extinguisher can create a dangerus situatin fr ther residents and culd result in damage t persnal prperty.
Misuse f a fire extinguisher will result in fines.
Smke Detectr
A smke detectr is n the ceiling in yur rm. Sme buildings als have heat detectrs n the ceilings. D the fllwing t ensure the safe peratin f yur smke detectr:
·If yur smke detectr is wrking prperly, the red light shuld be n. If the red light is nt blinking（閃動），cntact residence hall staff immediately.
·D nt cver r blck yur smke detectr in any way.
·If a smke detectr sets ff an alarm and there is n fire r smke, infrm yur hall staff.
36. What is the main duty f the fire preventin prfessinals?
A. T prvide part-time jbs fr students.
B. T lead the students t the nearest exits.
C. T check and maintain fire preventin equipment.
D. T train teachers t be fire preventin prfessinals.
37. What d the autmatic fire alarm systems include?
A. Pipes and smke detectrs.
B. Smke detectrs and sprinklers.
C. Fire alarm pull statins and pipes.
D. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull statins
38. In a fire drill, the students shuld ________.
A. rush quickly t a lift
B. gather at the nearest exit.
C. shut the dr and leave at nce
D. wait fr instructins in the hall
39. What d we knw abut the use f fire extinguishers?
A. Using them wrngly results in punishment.
B. Irrespnsible use f them can damage them.
C. Imprper use f them can destry the apartment.
D. Using them withut a trainer present is frbidden.
40. T ensure the safe peratin f the smke detectr, ne shuld_________.
A. cntact the hall staff regularly
B. cver the things that burn easily
C. start the smke detectr in a fire
D. make certain the red light is wrking
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. D
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要從火警、消防訓練、滅火器和煙霧探測器的使用等方面介紹了一些防火信息。
36. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(噴水滅火裝置）systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers (滅火器).可知，專職消防人員主要職責是檢查、測試和維護所有的校園建筑物防火裝備。故選C。
37. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章Fire Alarms中的句子Mst are als equipped with autmatic fire alarm systems cnsisting heat detectrs, smke detectrs and sprinklers.可知，火災自動報警系統由熱探測器、煙霧探測器和噴頭組成。故選B。
38. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章Fire Drills中的句子Take yur rm key and ID, clse and lck the dr t yur rm.和Exit immediately frm the nearest emergency exit d nt use a lift.可知，在消防演習中，學生鎖好門并立即從最近的緊急出口離開。故選C。
39. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章Fire Extinguishers中的句子Misuse f a fire extinguisher will result in fines.可知，誤用滅火器會導致罰款。故選A。
B
When I was 17, I read a magazine article abut a museum called the McNay, nce the hme f a waterclrist named Marian McNay. She had requested the cmmunity t turn it int a museum upn her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drve ver t the museum. She asked, "D yu have the address? ""N, but I'll recgnize it, there was a picture in the magazine. "
"Oh, stp. There it is!”
The museum was free. We entered, excited. A grup f peple sitting in the hall stpped talking and stared at us.
"May I help yu?" a man asked. "N, "I said. "We're fine.” Tur guides gt n my nerves. What if they talked a lng time abut a painting yu weren't that interested in? Sally had gne upstairs. The peple in the hall seemed very nsy(愛窺探的), keeping their eyes n me with curisity. What was their prblem? I saw sme nice sculptures in ne rm. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. "Where d yu think yu are? " he asked. I turned sharply. "The McNay Art Museum!" He smiled, shaking his head. "Srry, the McNay is n New Braunfels Street." "What’s this place?” I asked, still cnfused. "Well, it's ur hme." My heart jlted(震顫). I raced t the staircase and called ut, "Sally! Cme dwn immediately! "
"There's sme really gd stuff(藝術作品) up there." She stepped dwn, lking cnfused. I pushed her tward the frnt dr, waving at the family, saying, "Srry, please frgive us, yu have a really nice place." Outside, when I tld Sally what happened, she cvered her muth, laughing. She culdn't believe hw lng they let us lk arund withut saying anything.
The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervus the whle time we were there. Van Ggh, Picass. This time, we stayed tgether, in case anything else unusual happened.
Thirty years later, a wman apprached me in a public place. "Excuse me, did yu ever enter a residence, lng ag, thinking it was the McNay Museum?"
"Yes. But hw d yu knw? We never tld anyne."
"That was my hme. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Befre yu came ver, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky befre. Yu thught it was a museum. My feelings abut my hme changed after that. I've always wanted t thank yu."
41. What d we knw abut Marian McNay?
A. She was a painter.
B. She was a cmmunity leader.
C. She was a museum directr.
D. She was a jurnalist.
42. Why did the authr refuse the help frm the man in the huse?
A. She disliked peple wh were nsy.
B. She felt nervus when talking t strangers.
C. She knew mre abut art than the man.
D. She mistk him fr a tur guide.
43. Hw did the authr feel abut being stared at by the peple in the hall?
A. Puzzled. B. Cncerned.
C. Frightened. D. Delighted.
44. Why did the authr describe the real McNay museum in just a few wrds?
A. The real museum lacked enugh artwrk t interest her.
B. She was t upset t spend much time at the real museum.
C. The McNay was disappinting cmpared with the huse.
D. The event happening in the huse was mre significant.
45. What culd we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. Peple shuld have gd taste t enjy life.
B. Peple shuld spend mre time with their family.
C. Peple tend t be blind t the beauty arund them.
D. Peple tend t educate teenagers at a museum.
【答案】41. A 42. D 43. A 44. D 45. C
【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章作者和朋友原想參觀McNay博物館，到了之后參觀的時候，發(fā)現很多人奇怪的看著她，最后才發(fā)現自己誤將一個私人住宅當成McNay博物館。30年后，一位女士認出誤撞入自己住宅的作者，指出正是因為作者的誤撞入才讓她意識到自己住的地方有多么美麗。
41. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段When I was 17, I read a magazine article abut a museum called the McNay, nce the hme f a waterclrist named Marian McNay.可知，Marian McNay是一名水彩畫家。故選A。
42. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第四段"May I help yu?" a man asked. "N, "I said. "We're fine.” Tur guides gt n my nerves.可知，導游令作者心煩，作者誤認為屋子里的男人是位導游。故選D。
43. 推理判斷題。根據文章第四段The peple in the hall seemed very nsy(愛窺探的), keeping their eyes n me with curisity. What was their prblem?（大廳的人看起來都非常愛窺探的，眼睛不停的好奇的看著我。他們有什么問題？）可以推斷出，作者當時感到困惑不解。故選A。
44. 推理判斷題。根據全文可知，作者著墨點主要在敘述參觀誤當成McNay博物館的私人住宅上，故這才是文章的重心，所以將真正的McNay博物館敘述一帶而過。故選D。
45. 推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段Befre yu came ver, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in.可知，在作者未造訪她家之前，這位女士從未意識到自己住的地方多么美麗，從而可以推斷出，人們往往對周圍的美而不見。故選C。
C
There’s a new frntier in 3D printing that’s beginning t cme int fcus: fd. Recent develpment has made pssible machines that print, ck, and serve fds n a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stpping there.
Fd prductin
With a 3D printer, a ck can print cmplicated chclate sculptures and beautiful pieces fr decratin n a wedding cake. Nt everybdy can d that — it takes years f experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Fdini t “re-create frms and pieces” f fd that are “exactly the same,” freeing cks t cmplete ther tasks. In anther restaurant, all f the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed,rather than farm t table.
Sustainability(可持續(xù)性）
The glbal ppulatin is expected t grw t 9.6 billin by 2050, and sme analysts estimate that fd prductin will need t be raised by 50 percent t maintain current levels. Sustainability is becming a necessity. 3D fd printing culd prbably cntribute t the slutin. Sme experts believe printers culd use hydrcllids (水解膠體) frm plentiful renewables like algae(藻類) and grass t replace the familiar ingredients(烹飪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissins. Grcery stres f the future might stck "fd" that lasts years n end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transprtatin and strage requirements.
Nutritin
Future 3D fd printers culd make prcessed fd healthier. Hd Lipsn, a prfessr at Clumbia University, said, “Fd printing culd allw cnsumers t print fd with custmized nutritinal cntent, like vitamins. S instead f eating a piece f yesterday’s bread frm the supermarket, yu’d eat smething baked just fr yu n demand.”
Challenges
Despite recent advancements in 3D fd printing, the industry has many challenges t vercme. Currently, mst ingredients must be changed t a paste(糊狀物) befre a printer can use them, and the printing prcess is quite time-cnsuming, because ingredients interact with each ther in very cmplex ways. On tp f that, mst f the 3D fd printers nw are restricted t dry ingredients, because meat and milk prducts may easily g bad. Sme experts are skeptical abut 3D fd printers, believing they are better suited fr fast fd restaurants than hmes and high-end restaurants.
46. What benefit des 3D printing bring t fd prductin?
A. It helps cks t create new dishes.
B. It saves time and effrt in cking.
C. It imprves the cking cnditins.
D. It cntributes t restaurant decratins.
47. What can we learn abut 3D fd printing frm Paragraphs 3?
A. It slves fd shrtages easily.
B. It quickens the transprtatin f fd.
C. It needs n space fr the strage f fd.
D. It uses renewable materials as surces f fd.
48. Accrding t Paragraph 4, 3D-printed fd ________.
A. is mre available t cnsumers
B. can meet individual nutritinal needs
C. is mre tasty than fd in supermarkets
D. can keep all the nutritin in raw materials
49. What is the main factr that prevents 3D fd printing frm spreading widely?
A. The printing prcess is cmplicated.
B. 3D fd printers are t expensive.
C. Fd materials have t be dry.
D. Sme experts dubt 3D fd printing.
50. What culd be the best title f the passage?
A. 3D Fd Printing: Delicius New Technlgy
B. A New Way t Imprve 3D Fd Printing
C. The Challenges fr 3D Fd Prductin
D. 3D Fd Printing: Frm Farm t Table
【答案】46. B 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. A
【解析】本文是一篇科普類短文閱讀。文章主要介紹了3D打印技術在食物上的應用取得了進展，但目前仍面臨著許多方面的挑戰(zhàn)。
47. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第三段Sme experts believe printers culd use hydrcllids (水解膠體) frm plentiful renewables like algae(藻類) and grass t replace the familiar ingredients(烹飪原料).可知，3D打印機可以使用可再生材料作為食物來源。故選D。
48. 推理判斷題。根據文章第四段Fd printing culd allw cnsumers t print fd with custmized nutritinal cntent, like vitamins.（食品打印可以讓消費者打印定制營養(yǎng)的食物），從而可以推斷出3D打印出來的食物可以滿足個人營養(yǎng)需求。故選B。
49. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章最后一段mst f the 3D fd printers nw are restricted t dry ingredients, because meat and milk prducts may easily g bad.可知，阻止3D打印食物進一步廣泛使用的原因是原料必須是干的，含水多的肉和牛奶不能應用于3D打印因為很容易壞。故選C。
50. 主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了3D打印技術在食物上的應用取得了進展，但目前仍面臨著許多方面的挑戰(zhàn)。所以用標題3D Fd Printing: Delicius New Technlgy，故選A。

D
Give yurself a test. Which way is the wind blwing? Hw many kinds f wildflwers can be seen frm yur frnt dr? If yur awareness is as sharp as it culd be, yu’ll have n truble answering these questins.
Mst f us bserved much mre as children than we d as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascinatin, newness and wnder. Curisity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctins that were sharp t us as children becme unclear; we are numb(麻木的）t new stimulatin(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art f seeing the wrld arund us is quite simple, althugh it takes practice and requires breaking sme bad habits.
The first step in awakening senses is t stp predicting what we are ging t see and feel befre it ccurs. This blcks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rcky Muntains with sme students, I mentined that we were ging t crss a muntain stream. The students began cmplaining abut hw cld it wuld be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almst knee-deep when they realized it was a ht spring. Later they all admitted they’d felt cld water at first.
Anther blck t awareness is the bsessin(癡迷) many f us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers wh sptted a bird, immediately lked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crwned kinglet" and checked it ff. They n lnger paid attentin t the bird and never learned what it was ding.
The pressures f "time" and "destinatin" are further blcks t awareness. I encuntered many hikers wh were headed t a distant camp-grund with just enugh time t get there befre dark. It seldm ccurred t them t wander a bit, t take a mment t see what’s arund them. I asked them what they’d seen. "Oh, a few birds," they said. They seemed bent n their destinatins.
Nature seems t unfld t peple wh watch and wait. Next time yu take a walk, n matter where it is, take in all the sights, sunds and sensatins. Wander in this frame f mind and yu will pen a new dimensin t yur
51. Accrding t Paragraph 2, cmpared with adults, children are mre ____________.
A. anxius t d wnders
B. sensitive t thers’ feelings
C. likely t develp unpleasant habits
D. eager t explre the wrld arund them
52. What idea des the authr cnvey in Paragraph 3?
A. T avid jumping t cnclusins.
B. T stp cmplaining all the time.
C. T fllw the teacher’s advice.
D. T admit mistakes hnestly.
53. The bird watchers’ behavir shws that they __________.
A. are very patient in their bservatin
B. are really fascinated by nature
C. care nly abut the names f birds
D. questin the accuracy f the field guides
54. Why d the hikers take n ntice f the surrundings during the jurney?
A. The natural beauty isn’t attractive t them.
B. They fcus n arriving at the camp in time.
C. The frest in the dark is dangerus fr them.
D. They are keen t see rare birds at the destinatin.
55. In the passage, the authr intends t tell us we shuld __________.
A. fill ur senses t feel the wnders f the wrld
B. get rid f sme bad habits in ur daily life
C. pen ur mind t new things and ideas
D. try ur best t prtect nature
【答案】51. D 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. A
【解析】本文是一篇散文。我們有多久沒有仔細觀察我們周圍的世界了。作者通過此文要告訴我們：放慢腳步，帶著我們所有的感官來感受周圍世界的奇妙。
51. 推理判斷題。根據文章第二段Mst f us bserved much mre as children than we d as adults.可知，與成人相比較，孩子觀察得更多，從而可以推斷出孩子更急于探索他們周圍的世界。故選D。
52. 推理判斷題。根據文章第三段作者敘述在一個寒冷的夜晚，作者和學生徒步旅行穿過一條小溪的時候，學生們抱怨水太冷而不愿往前走，結果事實上那是一個溫泉。作者舉這樣一個事例是為了向讀者傳遞這樣的觀念：避免過早下結論。故選A。
53. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第四段全段及首句Anther blck t awareness is the bsessin(癡迷) many f us have with naming things.可知，鳥觀察者發(fā)現鳥后只關心鳥的名字，并不關心它在做什么。故選C。
54. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第五段I encuntered many hikers wh were headed t a distant camp-grund with just enugh time t get there befre dark. It seldm ccurred t them t wander a bit, t take a mment t see what’s arund them.可知，徒步旅行者只關心能夠及時到達目的地，而很少關心周圍的事物。故選B。
55. 推理判斷題。文章作者想要通過此文要告訴我們：大自然只展現給那些善于觀察和等待的人，帶著我們所有的感官來感受周圍世界的奇妙。

【2018·北京卷】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A
My First Marathn（馬拉松）
A mnth befre my first marathn, ne f my ankles was injured and this meant nt running fr tw weeks, leaving me nly tw weeks t train. Yet, I was determined t g ahead.
I remember back t my 7th year in schl. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us t run laps and then hit a sftball. I didn’t d either well. He later infrmed me that I was ＂nt athletic＂.
The idea that I was ＂nt athletic＂ stuck with me fr years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, nt abut cmpetitin r whether r nt I was athletic. It was all abut the battle against my wn bdy and mind. A test f wills!
The night befre my marathn, I dreamt that I culdn’t even find the finish line. I wke up sweating and nervus, but ready t prve smething t myself.
Shrtly after crssing the start line, my she laces(鞋帶) became untied. S I stpped t readjust. Nt the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂
By mile 17, I became ut f breath and the nce injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the curse walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I apprached mile 23, I culd see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clck sunding at 4 a.m. r questined my expenses n running.
I was ne f the final runners t finish. But I finished! And I gt a medal. In fact, I gt the same medal as the ne that the guy wh came in first place had.
Determined t be myself, mve frward, free f shame and wrldly labels(世俗標簽), I can nw call myself a ＂marathn winner＂.
36. A mnth befre the marathn, the authr ____________.
A. was well trainedB. felt scared
C. made up his mind t runD. lst hpe
37. Why did the authr mentin the P.E. class in his 7th year?
A. T acknwledge the supprt f his teacher.
B. T amuse the readers with a funny stry.
C. T shw he was nt talented in sprts.
D. T share a precius memry.
38. Hw was the authr’s first marathn?
A. He made it.B. He quit halfway.
C. He gt the first prize.D. He walked t the end.
39. What des the stry mainly tell us?
A. A man wes his success t his family supprt.
B. A winner is ne with a great effrt f will.
C. Failure is the mther f success.
D. One is never t ld t learn.
【答案】36. C 37. C 38. A 39. B
【解析】本文為一篇記敘文。講述了自己第一次跑馬拉松，憑借自己的意志力成功跑完全程的勵志故事。
38. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第10段I was ne f the final runners t finish. But I finished! And I gt a medal. In fact, I gt the same medal as the ne that the guy wh came in first place had.可知，作者堅持到了最后，而且得到了一塊獎牌，雖然不是第一名，由此可見他成功地跑完了馬拉松。故選A。
39. 主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，作者在講述自己跑馬拉松的經歷，再根據最后一段Determined t be myself, mve frward, free f shame and wrldly labels(世俗標簽), I can nw call myself a ＂marathn winner＂.可知，作者成功跑完馬拉松源于自己的意志。故選B。
B
Find Yur Adventure at the Space and Aviatin(航空) Center
If yu’re lking fr a unique adventure, the Space and Aviatin Center (SAC) is the place t be. The Center ffers prgrams designed t challenge and inspire with hands-n tasks and lts f fun.
Mre than 750,000 have graduated frm SAC, with many seeking emplyment in engineering, aviatin, educatin, medicine and a wide variety f ther prfessins. They cme t camp, wanting t knw what it is like t be an astrnaut r a pilt, and they leave with real-wrld applicatins fr what they’re studying in the classrm.
Fr the trainees, the prgrams als ffer a great way t earn merit badges(榮譽徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Explratin badge as they build and fire mdel rckets, learn abut space tasks and try simulated(模擬) flying t space with the crew frm all ver the wrld. The Aviatin Challenge prgram gives trainees the chance t earn their Aviatin badge. They learn the principles f flight and test their perating skills in the cckpit(駕駛艙) f a variety f flight simulatrs. Trainees als get a gd start n their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn abut water- and land-survival thrugh designed tasks and their search and rescue f ＂dwned＂ pilt.
With all the prgrams, teamwrk is key as trainees learn the imprtance f leadership and being part f a bigger task.
All this fun is available fr ages 9 t 18. Families can enjy the experience tgether, t, with Family Camp prgrams fr families with children as yung as 7.
Stay an hur r stay a week — there is smething here fr everyne!
Fr mre details, please visit us nline at
40. Why d peple cme t SAC?
A. T experience adventures.
B. T lk fr jbs in aviatin.
C. T get a degree in engineering.
D. T learn mre abut medicine.
41. T earn a Space Explratin badge, a trainee needs t .
A. fly t space
B. get an Aviatin badge first
C. study the principles f flight
D. build and fire mdel rckets
42. What is the mst imprtant fr trainees?
A. Leadership.B. Team spirit.
C. Task planning.D. Survival skills.
【答案】40. A 41. D 42. B
【解析】本文為說明文。文章主要介紹了宇航中心培訓項目的相關信息，包括訓練內容、受訓者參加的條件和益處等。
40. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段第一句If yu’re lking fr a unique adventure, the Space and Aviatin Center (SAC) is the place t be.可知，人們來SAC是為了尋找與眾不同的冒險體驗，故選A。
41. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第三段At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Explratin badge as they build and fire mdel rckets, learn abut space tasks and try simulated(模擬) flying t space with the crew frm all ver the wrld.可知，要想獲得太空探險徽章需要建造和發(fā)射火箭模型，學習空間任務，嘗試與飛行員模擬太空飛行等，故選D。
42. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第四段With all the prgrams, teamwrk is key as trainees learn the imprtance f leadership and being part f a bigger task.可知，對于受訓者來說，團隊合作是關鍵，故團隊精神是最重要的，故選B。
C
Plastic-Eating Wrms
Humans prduce mre than 300 millin tns f plastic every year. Almst half f that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋場), and up t 12 millin tns pllute the ceans. S far there is n effective way t get rid f it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stmachs f sme hungry wrms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently fund that the wrms f the greater wax mth can break dwn plyethylene, which accunts fr 40% f plastics. The team left 100 wax wrms n a cmmercial plyethylene shpping bag fr 12 hurs, and the wrms cnsumed and brke dwn abut 92 milligrams, r almst 3% f it. T cnfirm that the wrms’ chewing alne was nt respnsible fr the plyethylene breakdwn, the researchers made sme wrms int paste(糊狀物) and applied it t plastic films. 14 hurs later the films had lst 13% f their mass — apparently brken dwn by enzymes (酶) frm the wrms’ stmachs. Their findings were published in Current Bilgy in 2017.
Federica Bertcchini, c-authr f the study, says the wrms’ ability t break dwn their everyday fd — beeswax — als allws them t break dwn plastic. ＂Wax is a cmplex mixture, but the basic bnd in plyethylene, the carbn-carbn bnd, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax wrm evlved a methd r system t break this bnd. ＂
Jennifer DeBruyn, a micrbilgist at the University f Tennessee, wh was nt invlved in the study, says it is nt surprising that such wrms can break dwn plyethylene. But cmpared with previus studies, she finds the speed f breaking dwn in this ne exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be t identify the cause f the breakdwn. Is it an enzyme prduced by the wrm itself r by its gut micrbes(腸道微生物)?
Bertcchini agrees and hpes her team’s findings might ne day help emply the enzyme t break dwn plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in sme kind f industrial prcess — nt simply ＂millins f wrms thrwn n tp f the plastic.＂
43. What can we learn abut the wrms in the study?
A. They take plastics as their everyday fd.
B. They are newly evlved creatures.
C. They can cnsume plastics.
D. They wind up in landfills.
44. Accrding t Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step f the study is t .
A. identify ther means f the breakdwn
B. find ut the surce f the enzyme
C. cnfirm the research findings
D. increase the breakdwn speed
45. It can be inferred frm the last paragraph that the chemical might .
A. help t raise wrms
B. help make plastic bags
C. be used t clean the ceans
D. be prduced in factries in future
46. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T explain a study methd n wrms.
B. T intrduce the diet f a special wrm.
C. T present a way t break dwn plastics.
D. T prpse new means t keep ec-balance.
【答案】43. C 44. B 45. D 46. C
【解析】本文為說明文。文章介紹了一種吃塑料的蟲子大蠟螟，它胃中的酶能夠降解塑料，這為解決塑料污染提供了新的途徑。
44. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第四段The next step, DeBruyn says, will be t identify the cause f the breakdwn. Is it an enzyme prduced by the wrm itself r by its gut micrbes(腸道微生物)?可知，下一步研究是辨清分解的原因，查明這種酶來源于哪里，是蟲子自己產生的還是它腸道里的微生物產生的。故選B。
45. 推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段But she expects using the chemical in sme kind f industrial prcess — nt simply ＂millins f wrms thrwn n tp f the plastic.＂可以推斷出，Bertcchini希望這種化學物質將來能在工業(yè)生產中使用，而不是僅僅依靠蠕蟲來分解塑料。故選D。
46. 寫作意圖題。根據文章第一段最后一句S far there is n effective way t get rid f it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stmachs f sme hungry wrms.可知，有一種新的方法被用于分解塑料。再根據最后一段最后一句But she expects using the chemical in sme kind f industrial prcess — nt simply ＂millins f wrms thrwn n tp f the plastic.＂可知，Bertcchini希望將這種方法推廣到工業(yè)中。由此可以推知寫作意圖為介紹一種分解塑料的方法。故選C。
D
Preparing Cities fr Rbt Cars
The pssibility f self-driving rbt cars has ften seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away frm materializing in the real wrld. Well, the future is apparently nw. The Califrnia Department f Mtr Vehicles began giving permits in April fr cmpanies t test truly self-driving cars n public rads. The state als cleared the way fr cmpanies t sell r rent ut self-driving cars, and fr cmpanies t perate driverless taxi services. Califrnia, it shuld be nted, isn’t leading the way here. Cmpanies have been testing their vehicles in cities acrss the cuntry. It’s hard t predict when driverless cars will be everywhere n ur rads. But hwever lng it takes, the technlgy has the ptential t change ur transprtatin systems and ur cities, fr better r fr wrse, depending n hw the transfrmatin is regulated.
While much f the debate s far has been fcused n the safety f driverless cars(and rightfully s), plicymakers als shuld be talking abut hw self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissins(排放) and ffer mre cnvenient, affrdable mbility ptins. The arrival f driverless vehicles is a chance t make sure that thse vehicles are envirnmentally friendly and mre shared.
D we want t cpy — r even wrsen — the traffic f tday with driverless cars? Imagine a future where mst adults wn individual self-driving vehicles. They tlerate lng, slw jurneys t and frm wrk n packed highways because they can wrk, entertain themselves r sleep n the ride, which encurages urban spread. They take their driverless car t an appintment and set the empty vehicle t circle the building t avid paying fr parking. Instead f walking a few blcks t pick up a child r the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The cnvenience even leads fewer peple t take public transprt — an unwelcme side effect researchers have already fund in ride-hailing(叫車) services.
A study frm the University f Califrnia at Davis suggested that replacing petrl-pwered private cars wrldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems culd reduce carbn emissins frm transprtatin 80% and cut the cst f transprtatin infrastructure(基礎設施) and peratins 40% by 2050. Fewer emissins and cheaper travel sund pretty appealing. The first cmmercially available driverless cars will almst certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, cnsidering the cst f self-driving technlgy as well as liability and maintenance issues(責任與維護問題). But driverless car wnership culd increase as the prices drp and mre peple becme cmfrtable with the technlgy.
Plicymakers shuld start thinking nw abut hw t make sure the appearance f driverless vehicles desn’t extend the wrst aspects f the car-cntrlled transprtatin system we have tday. The cming technlgical advancement presents a chance fr cities and states t develp transprtatin systems designed t mve mre peple, and mre affrdably. The car f the future is cming. We just have t plan fr it.
47. Accrding t the authr, attentin shuld be paid t hw driverless cars can __________.
A. help deal with transprtatin-related prblems
B. prvide better services t custmers
C. cause damage t ur envirnment
D. make sme peple lse jbs
48. As fr driverless cars, what is the authr’s majr cncern?
A. Safety.B. Side effects.
C. Affrdability.D. Management.
49. What des the underlined wrd ＂fielded＂ in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Emplyed.B. Replaced.
C. Shared.D. Reduced.
50. What is the authr’s attitude t the future f self-driving cars?
A. Dubtful.B. Psitive.
C. Disapprving.D. Sympathetic.
【答案】47. A 48. D 49. A 50. B
【解析】本文為議論文。文章主要討論有關無人駕駛汽車的發(fā)展前景和面臨的問題。
47. 推理判斷題。根據第二段While much f the debate s far has been fcused n the safety f driverless cars(and rightfully s), plicymakers als shuld be talking abut hw self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissins(排放) and ffer mre cnvenient, affrdable mbility ptins.可知，政策制定者應該討論無人駕駛車怎么幫助削減交通阻塞，減少尾氣排放，提供更方便、更便宜的出行選擇，由此可見人們應該多關注無人駕駛車怎么幫助處理與交通有關的問題。故選A。
48. 推理判斷題。根據文章第一段But hwever lng it takes, the technlgy has the ptential t change ur transprtatin systems and ur cities, fr better r fr wrse, depending n hw the transfrmatin is regulated.可知，不管花多長時間，這項技術都有可能改變我們的交通系統和我們的城市，不管是好是壞，這取決于如何這種轉變如何被規(guī)范，再根據文章最后一句話The car f the future is cming. We just have t plan fr it.可知，我們需要為其做好計劃，故作者的主要關注點是對這種轉變的管理規(guī)范，故選D。
49. 詞義猜測題。根據第四段The first cmmercially available driverless cars will almst certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, cnsidering the cst f self-driving technlgy as well as liability and maintenance issues(責任與維護問題).可知，鑒于自主駕駛的費用以及責任和維護問題，無人駕駛車幾乎可以肯定將會被打車服務使用。故劃線詞是“被應用”的意思。A. Emplyed被應用；B. Replaced被取代；C. Shared被分享；D. Reduced被減少。故選A。
50. 觀點態(tài)度題。根據文章最后一段The cming technlgical advancement presents a chance fr cities and states t develp transprtatin systems designed t mve mre peple, and mre affrdably. The car f the future is cming. We just have t plan fr it.中的 advancement，mve mre peple, and mre affrdably.以及plan fr it可推知，作者是積極的態(tài)度。故選B。
【2018·江蘇】請認真閱讀下列短文, 從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D 四個選項中, 選出最佳選項, 并
在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A
The Metrplitan Museum f Art
1000 Fifth Avenue New Yrk, NY 10028
211-535-7710
Entrances
Fifth Avenue at 82nd Street
Hurs
Open 7 days a week.
Sunday-Thursday 10:00-17:30
Friday and Saturday 10:00-21:00
Clsed Thanksgiving Day, December 25,January 1,and the first Mnday in May.
Admissin
$25.00 recmmended fr adults, $12.00 recmmended fr students, includes the Main Building and The Clisters(回廊）n the same day; free fr children under 12 with an adult.
Free with Admissin
All special exhibitins, as well as films, lectures, guided turs, cncerts, gallery talks, and
family/children's prgrams are free with admissin.
Ask abut tday's activities at the Great Hall Infrmatin Desk.
The Clisters Museum and Gardens
The Clisters museum and gardens is a branch f The Metrplitan Museum f Art devted t the art and architecture f Eurpe in the Middle Ages. The extensive
cllectin cnsists f masterwrks in sculpture, clred glass, and precius bjects frm Eurpe dating frm abut the 9th t the 15th century.
Hurs: Open 7 days a week.
March-Octber 10:00-17:15
Nvember-February 10:00-16:45
Clsed Thanksgiving Day, December 25,and January 1.
56. Hw much may they pay if an 11-year-ld girl and her wrking parents visit the museum?
A. $12.B. $37.C. $ 50.D. $ 62
57. The attractin f the Clisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that ________.
A.it pens all the year rund
B. its cllectins date frm the Middle Ages
C.it has a mdern Eurpean-style garden
D.it sells excellent Eurpean glass cllectins
【文章大意】本文是一篇應用文，主要介紹了英國藝術博物館和修道院博物館的參觀指南，包括參觀時間、價格、特點等。
57.B 細節(jié)理解題。根據The Clisters Museum and Gardens部分第一句“The Clisters museum and gardens is a branch f The Metrplitan Museum f Art devted t the art and architecture f Eurpe in the Middle Ages.”可知，修道院博物館和花園的收藏品來自中世紀歐洲，故選B項。
B
In the 1760s, Mathurin Rze pened a series f shps that basted(享有）a special meat sup called cnsmme. Althugh the main attractin was the sup, Rze's chain shps als set a new standard fr dining ut, which helped t establish Rze as the inventr f the mdern restaurant.
Tday, schlars have generated large amunts f instructive research abut restaurants. Take
visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves abut 20 percent mre pasta(意大利面食）when their plates matched their fd. When a dark-clred cake was served n a black plate rather than a white ne, custmers recgnized it as sweeter and mre tasty.
Lighting matters, t. When Berlin restaurant custmers ate in darkness, they culdn't tell hw much they'd had: thse given extra-large shares ate mre than everyne else, but were nne the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready fr dessert.
Time is mney, but that principle means different things fr different types f restaurants. Unlike fast-fd places. fine dining shps prefer custmers t stay lnger and spend. One way t
encurage custmers t stay and rder that extra rund: put n sme Mzart(莫扎特）.When
classical, rather than pp, music was playing, diners spent mre. Fast music hurried diners ut.
Particular scents als have an effect: diners wh gt the scent f lavender(薰衣草）stayed lnger
and spent mre than thse wh smelled lemn, r n scent.
Meanwhile, things that yu might expect t discurage spending—"bad" tables, crwding.
high prices — dn't necessarily. Diners at bad tables — next t the kitchen dr, say — spent nearly as much as thers but sn fled. It can be cncluded that restaurant keepers need nt "be verly cncerned abut ‘bad' tables," given that they're prfitable. As fr crwds, a Hng Kng study fund that they increased a restaurant's reputatin, suggesting great fd at fair prices. And dubling a buffet's price led custmers t say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.
58. The underlined phrase "nne the wiser" in paragraph 3 mst prbably implies that the
custmers were .
A. nt aware f eating mre than usual
B. nt willing t share fd with thers
C. nt cnscius f the fd quality
D. nt fnd f the fd prvided
59. Hw culd a fine dining shp make mre prfit?
A. playing classical music.
B. Intrducing lemn scent.
C. Making the light brighter,
D. Using plates f larger size.
60. What des the last paragraph talk abut?
A. Tips t attract mre custmers.
B. Prblems restaurants are faced with.
C. Ways t imprve restaurants' reputatin.
D. Cmmn misunderstandings abut restaurants.
【答案】58. A 59. A 60. D
【解析】本文為議論文。本文介紹了現代餐館刺激消費和食欲的幾種方法，以及人們對餐廳的一些錯誤看法。
58. 詞義猜測題。根據文章第三段劃線部分的前句they culdn't tell hw much they'd had: thse given extra-large shares ate mre than everyne else,可知，在黑暗中，他們說不清自己吃了多少，再根據劃線后的句子they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready fr dessert.可知，他們雖然吃得很多，但并沒有感覺更飽，仍然在等著吃甜點，所以他們沒有意識到自己吃多了，故A正確。
59. 細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中的One way t encurage custmers t stay and rder that extra rund: put n sme Mzart(莫扎特）可知，要想讓客人呆的時間更長應該播放莫扎特等古典音樂而不是流行音樂。Particular scents als have an effect: diners wh gt the scent f lavender(薰衣草）stayed lnger and spent mre than thse wh smelled lemn, r n scent.引入薰衣草香而不是檸檬香，而D項文章沒有提及，所以用排除方法可以選A。
60. 主旨大意題。根據文章最后一段第一句Meanwhile, things that yu might expect t discurage spending—"bad" tables, crwding，high prices — dn't necessarily.可知，你認為可能會影響人們消費的因素如：不好的桌子，擁擠以及高價等不一定會真影響人們的消費，然后依次舉例進行了證明，所以本段主要講的是人們對于飯店的幾個誤解，故選D。
C
If yu want t disturb the car industry, yu'd better have a few billin dllars: Mm-and-pp carmakers are unlikely t beat the biggest car cmpanies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best f the majr players. By cnnecting directly with custmers, and by respnding quickly t changes in the markets as well as in the ecsystems(生態(tài)系統）, small farmers can keep ne step ahead f the big guys. As the c-funder f the Natinal Yung Farmers Calitin (NYFC, 美國青年農會）and a family farmer myself. I have a frnt-rw seat t the innvatins amng small farmers that are transfrming the industry.
Fr example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tl develped just a cuple f years ag by a yung farmer, Jnathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small lan frm a lcal Slw Mney grup. It enables small-scale farmers t harvest 175 punds f green vegetables per hur—a huge imprvement ver harvesting just a few dzen punds by hand—suddenly making it pssible fr the little guys t cmpete with large farms f Califrnia. Befre the tl came ut, small farmers culdn't tuch the price per pund ffered by Califrnia farms. But nw, with the cmbinatin f a better price pint and a generally fresher prduct, they can stay in business.
The sustainable success f small farmers, thugh, wn't happen withut fundamental changes
t the industry. One crucial factr is secure access t land. Cmpetitin frm investrs. develpers, and established large farmers makes wning ne's wn land unattainable fr many new farmers.
Frm 2004 t 2013, agricultural land values dubled, and they cntinue t rise in many regins.
Anther challenge fr mre than a millin f the mst qualified farm wrkers and managers is a nn-existent path t citizenship — the greatest barrier t building a farm f their wn. With farmers ver the age f 65 utnumbering(多于）farmers yunger than 35 by six t ne, and with tw-thirds f the natin's farmland in need f a new farmer, we must clear the path fr talented peple willing t grw the natin's fd.
There are slutins that culd light a path tward a mre sustainable and fair farm ecnmy, but farmers can't clumsily put them tgether befre us. We at the NYFC need brad supprt as we urge Cngress t increase farmland cnservatin, as we push fr immigratin refrm, and as we seek plicies that will ensure the success f a diverse and ambitius next generatin f farms frm all backgrunds. With a new farm bill t be debated in Cngress, cnsumers must take a stand with yung farmers.
61. The authr mentins car industry at the beginning f the passage t intrduce .
A. the prgress made in car industry
B. a special feature f agriculture
C. a trend f develpment in agriculture
D. the imprtance f investing in car industry
62. What des the authr want t illustrate with the example in paragraph 2?
A. Lans t small lcal farmers are necessary.
B. Technlgy is vital fr agricultural develpment.
C. Cmpetitin between small and big farms is fierce
D. Small farmers may gain sme advantages ver big nes.
63. What is the difficulty fr thse new famers?
A. T gain mre financial aid.
B. T hire gd farm managers.
C. T have fans f their wn.
D. T win ld farmers’ supprt.
64. What shuld farmers d fr a mre sustainable and fair farm ecnmy?
A. Seek supprt beynd NYFC.
B. Expand farmland cnservatin.
C. Becme members f NYFC.
D. Invest mre t imprve technlgy.
【答案】61. B 62. D 63. C 64. A
【解析】本文為說明文。文章作者作為全國青年農民聯盟（NYFC）的聯合創(chuàng)始人，分析了美國小農場的特點及目前美國小農場所面臨的問題，督促國會對某些領域進行改革以支持美國國內小農場的發(fā)展
62. 推理判斷題。根據文章第二段第二句It enables small-scale farmers t harvest 175 punds f green vegetables per hur—a huge imprvement ver harvesting just a few dzen punds by hand—suddenly making it pssible fr the little guys t cmpete with large farms f Califrnia.可以，推知新農具使小農場收獲綠色蔬菜的效率提高，降低了收獲成本，再根據最后一句But nw, with the cmbinatin f a better price pint and a generally fresher prduct, they can stay in business.，小農場價格與大農場價格接近和小農場產品更新鮮的特點，這使得小農場相對于大農場有了一些相對的優(yōu)勢，故選D。
63. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第四段第一句話Anther challenge fr mre than a millin f the mst qualified farm wrkers and managers is a nn-existent path t citizenship — the greatest barrier t building a farm f their wn.可知，新農民面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)是無法獲得公民身份，因此不能建設自己的農場，故選C。
64. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章最后一段第二句We at the NYFC need brad supprt as we urge Cngress t increase farmland cnservatin, as we push fr immigratin refrm, and as we seek plicies that will ensure the success f a diverse and ambitius next generatin f farms frm all backgrunds.可知，NYFC需要廣泛的支持，包括要求國會增加農田保護，推動移民改革，尋求確保不同背景的新農民的成功的政策等，所以為了保證農業(yè)經濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展農民需要尋求NYFC以外的很多方面的支持。故選A。
D
Children as yung as ten are becming dependent n scial media fr their sense f self-wrth, a majr study warned.
It fund many yungsters(少年）nw measure their status by hw much public apprval they get nline, ften thrugh “l(fā)ikes”. Sme change their behaviur in real life t imprve their image n the web.
The reprt int yungsters aged frm 8 t 12 was carried ut by Children's Cmmissiner (專員) Anne Lngfield. She said scial media firms were expsing children t majr emtinal risks, with sme yungsters starting secndary schl ill-equipped t cpe with the tremendus pressure they faced nline.
Sme scial apps were ppular amng the children even thugh they suppsedly require users t be at least 13. The yungsters admitted planning trips arund ptential pht-pprtunities and then messaging friends—and friends f friends — t demand “l(fā)ikes” fr their nline psts.
The reprt fund that yungsters felt their friendships culd be at risk if they did nt respnd t scial media psts quickly, and arund the clck.
Children aged 8 t 10 were "starting t feel happy" when thers liked their psts. Hwever, thse in the 10 t 12 age grup were "cncerned with hw many peple like their psts", suggesting a “need” fr scial recgnitin that gets strnger the lder they becme.
Miss Lngfield warned that a generatin f children risked grwing up "wrried abut their appearance and image as a result f the unrealistic lifestyles they fllw n platfrms, and increasingly anxius abut switching ff due t the cnstant demands f scial media.
She said: "Children are using scial media with family and friends and t play games when they are in primary schl. But what starts as fun usage f apps turns int tremendus pressure in real scial media interactin at secndary schl."
As their wrld expanded, she said, children cmpared themselves t thers nline in a way that was "hugely damaging in terms f their self-identity, in terms f their cnfidence, but als in terms f their ability t develp themselves".
Miss Lngfield added: "Then there is this push t cnnect—if yu g ffline, will yu miss smething, will yu miss ut, will yu shw that yu dn't care abut thse peple yu are fllwing, all f thse cme tgether in a huge way at nce." "Fr children it is very, very difficult t cpe with emtinally." The Children's Cmmissiner fr England's study—life in Likes—fund that children as yung as 8 were using scial media platfrms largely fr play.
Hwever, the research—invlving eight grups f 32 children aged 8 t 12—suggested that as they headed tward their teens, they became increasingly anxius nline.
By the time they started secndary schl—at age 11—children were already far mre aware f their image nline and felt under huge pressure t ensure their psts were ppular, the reprt fund.
Hwever, they still did nt knw hw t cpe with mean-spirited jkes, r the sense f incmpetence they might feel if they cmpared themselves t celebrities(名人) r mre brilliant friends nline. The reprt said they als faced pressure t respnd t messages at all hurs f the day—especially at secndary schl when mre yungsters have mbile phnes.
The Children’s Cmmissiner said schls and parents must nw d mre t prepare children fr the emtinal minefield(雷區(qū)) they faced nline. And she said scial media cmpanies must als "take mre respnsibility". They shuld either mnitr their websites better s that children d nt sign up t early, r they shuld adjust their websites t the needs f yunger users.
Javed Khan, f children's charity Bamard's, said: "It's vital that new cmpulsry age-apprpriate relatinship and sex educatin lessns in England shuld help equip children t deal with the grwing demands f scial media.”
“It’s als hugely imprtant fr parents t knw which apps their children are using.”
65. Why did sme secndary schl students feel t much pressure?
A. They were nt prvided with adequate equipment.
B. They were nt well prepared fr emtinal risks.
C. They were required t give quick respnses.
D. They were prevented frm using mbile phnes.
66. Sme scial app cmpanies were t blame because ________.
A. they didn't adequately check their users' registratin
B. they rganized pht trips t attract mre yungsters
C. they encuraged yungsters t pst mre phts
D. they didn't stp yungsters frm staying up late
67. Children's cmparing themselves t thers nline may lead t ________.
A. less friendliness t each ther
B. lwer self-identity and cnfidence
C. an increase in nline cheating
D. a strnger desire t stay nline
68. Accrding t Life in Likes, as children grew, they became mre anxius t ________.
A. circulate their psts quickly
B. knw the qualities f their psts
C. use mbile phnes fr play
D. get mre public apprval
69. What shuld parents d t slve the prblem?
A. Cmmunicate mre with secndary schls.
B. Urge media cmpanies t create safer apps.
C. Keep track f children's use f scial media.
D. Frbid their children frm visiting the web.
70. What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A. The influence f scial media n children.
B. The imprtance f scial media t children.
C. The prblem in building a healthy relatinship.
D. The measure t reduce risks frm scial media.
【答案】65. B 66. A 67. B 68. D 69. C 70. A
【解析】本文為議論文。文章主要介紹了社交媒體(scial media )使得8-12歲使用社交app的孩子面臨很多壓力，分析了原因，并對此提出了建議。
66. 推理判斷題。根據文章第四段第一句話Sme scial apps were ppular amng the children even thugh they suppsedly require users t be at least 13.可知，一些社交apps很受孩子們歡迎，盡管它們要求使用者不低于13歲，言外之意，他們沒有對孩子的年齡進行監(jiān)管，故選A。
67. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第九段children cmpared themselves t thers nline in a way that was "hugely damaging in terms f their self-identity, in terms f their cnfidence, but als in terms f their ability t develp themselves".可知，孩子在網上與其他人比較損害他們的自尊心，自信心以及自我發(fā)展的能力。故B正確。
68. 推理判斷題。根據文章第12段Hwever, the research—invlving eight grups f 32 children aged 8 t 12—suggested that as they headed tward their teens, they became increasingly anxius nline.可知，隨著孩子年齡的增長，他們開始渴望上網，再根據13段By the time they started secndary schl—at age 11—children were already far mre aware f their image nline and felt under huge pressure t ensure their psts were ppular, the reprt fund.可以推斷出，他們的壓力源于他們渴望自己的發(fā)帖能受歡迎、被認可，由此可見他們渴望得到公眾的認可。故選D。
69. 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章最后一段It’s als hugely imprtant fr parents t knw which apps their children are using.可以推斷出,父母需要了解孩子在使用什么apps，所以應該時刻跟蹤了解孩子對于社交app的使用。故選C。
70. 主旨大意題。根據文章第一段Children as yung as ten are becming dependent n scial media fr their sense f self-wrth, a majr study warned.可知，本文為新聞報道體，文章主要介紹青少年變得越來越依賴社交媒體。再根據全文內容可知文章主要介紹了社交媒體對孩子的影響，故A正確。
1.【2017·全國新課標I】A
Pacific Science Center Guide
◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Stre
Dn’t frget t stp by Pacific Science Center’s Stre while yu are here t pick up a wnderful science activity r suvenir t remember yur visit. The stre is lcated(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next t the Laster Dme.
◆Hungry
Our exhibits will feed yur mind but what abut yur bdy? Our café ffers a cmplete menu f lunch and snack ptins, in additin t seasnal specials. The café is lcated upstairs in Building 1 and is pen daily until ne hur befre Pacific Science Center clses.
◆Rental Infrmatin
Lckers are available t stre any belngings during yur visit. The lckers are lcated in Building 1 near the Infrmatin Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available t rent at the Infrmatin Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.
◆Supprt Pacific Science Center
Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passin(熱情) fr discvery and lifelng learning in science, math and technlgy. Tday Pacific Science Center serves mre than 1.3 millin peple a year and beings inquiry-based science educatin t classrms and cmmunity events all ver Washingtn State. It’s an amazing accmplishment and ne we cannt achieve withut generus supprt frm individuals, crpratins, and ther scial rganizatins. Wish pacificrganzier.rg t find varius ways yu can supprt Pacific Science Center.
21. Where can yu buy a suvenir at Pacific Science Center?
A. In Building 1.
B. In Building 3.
C. At the last Dme.
D. At the Denny Way entrance.
22. What des Pacific Science Center d fr schls?
A. Train Science teachers.
B. Distribute science bks.
C. Distribute scientific research.
D. Take science t the classrm.
23. What is the purpse f the last part f the text?
A. T encurage dnatins.
B. T advertise cming events.
C. T intrduce special exhibits.
D. T tell abut the Center’s histry.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A
【解析】本文是一篇廣告應用文。文章主要從購物點、就餐點、租借服務三方面介紹了Pacific Science Center，并展示了Pacific Science Center為人們做的貢獻，呼吁人們的支持。
1．B 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段中的The stre is lcated(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next t the Laster Dme.可知，Pacific Science Center的購物點在Laster Dme旁邊的3號樓的樓上。故選B。
2．D細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第四段中的Tday Pacific Science Center serves mre than 1.3 millin peple a year and beings inquiry based science educatin t classrms and cmpany events all ver Washingtn State可知，現在Pacific Science Center每年向130多萬人提供服務，并開始把科學教育帶到教室。故選D。
3．A 寫作意圖題。根據文章最后一段Wish pacificrganzier.rg t find varius ways yu can supprt Pacific Science Center.可知，作者呼吁讀者支持Pacific Science Center，也就是鼓勵人們?yōu)橹峁椭?，做貢獻。故選A。
2.【2017·全國新課標I】B
I wrk with Vlunteers fr Wildlife, a rescue and educatin rganizatin at Bailey Arbretum in Lcust Valley. Trying t help injured, displaced r sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. Hwever, when it wrks, it is simply beautiful.
I gt a rescue call frm a wman in Muttntwn. She had fund a yung wl(貓頭鷹) n the grund. When I arrived, I saw a 2-t 3-week-ld wl. It had already been placed in a carrier fr safety.
I examined the chick(雛鳥) and it seemed fine. If I culd lcate the nest, I might have been able t put it back, but n luck. My next wrk was t cnstruct a nest and anchr it in a tree.
The hmewner was very helpful. A wire basket was fund. I put sme pine branches int the basket t make this nest safe and cmfrtable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed dwn.
Nw all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the hmewner a recrding f the hunger screams f wl chicks. These advertise the presence f chicks t adults; they might als encurage ur chick t start calling as well. I gave the wner as much infrmatin as pssible and headed hme t see what news the night might bring.
A nervus night t be sure,but smetimes the spirits f nature smile n us all! The hmewner called t say that the parents had respnded t the recrdings. I drve ver and saw the chick in the nest lking healthy and active. And it was accmpanied in the nest by the greatest sight f all — LUNCH! The parents had dne their duty and wuld prbably cntinue t d s.
4．What is unavidable in the authr’s rescue wrk accrding t paragraph 1?
A. Effrts made in vain.
B. Getting injured in his wrk.
C. Feeling uncertain abut his future.
D. Creatures frced ut f their hmes.
5．Why was the authr called t Muttntwn?
A. T rescue a wman.
B. T take care f a wman.
C. T lk at a baby wl.
D. T cure a yung wl.
6．What made the chick calm dwn?
A. A new nest.
B. Sme fd.
C. A recrding.
D. Its parents.
7．Hw wuld the authr feel abut the utcme f the event?
A. It’s unexpected.
B. It’s beautiful.
C. It’s humrus.
D. It’s discuraging.
【答案】
4．A
5．C
6．A
7．B
【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了救助小動物并沒有那么簡單，因為你所做的救助行為到最后可能都成了無用功。但無論結果怎樣，救助小動物的這種行為是美好的。本文主要介紹了作者救助一只小貓頭鷹，給它做新的窩，幫助它回到父母身邊的故事。
4．A 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段中的Trying t help injured, displaced r sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.可知，救助受傷動物是令人心碎的，因為不知道救助的動物是否能活下去，也就是為救助動物而花費的努力可能會白費，這是不可避免的。故選A。
6．A 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第四段中的I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed dwn可知，在作者把小貓頭鷹放在窩里之后，它很快就安靜下來，所以是窩讓小貓頭鷹安靜下來的。故選A。
7．B 推理判斷題。根據前文描述可知作者為小貓頭鷹做了窩，并且?guī)椭一亓怂母改浮Ｐ∝堫^鷹的父母還為它帶回了午餐。作者的救助成功了，說明結局是美好的。再結合第一段的Hwever, when it wrks, it is simply beautiful.可推測，作者感覺很美好。故選B。
4.【2017·全國新課標I】D
A build-it-yurself slar still（蒸餾器） is ne f the best ways t btain drinking water in areas where the liquid is nt readily available. Develped by tw dctrs in the U.S. Department f Agriculture, it’s an excellent water cllectr. Unfrtunately, yu must carry the necessary equipment with yu, since it’s all but impssible t find natural substitutes. The nly cmpnents required, thugh, are a 5＇ 5＇ sheet f clear r slightly milky plastic, six feet f plastic tube, and a cntainer— perhaps just a drinking cup — t catch the water. These pieces can be flded int a neat little pack and fastened n yur belt.
T cnstruct a wrking still, use a sharp stick r rck t dig a hle fur feet acrss and three feet deep. Try t make the hle in a damp area t increase the water catcher’s prductivity. Place yur cup in the deepest part f the hle. Then lay the tube in place s that ne end rests all the way in the cup and the rest f the line runs up — and ut — the side f the hle.
Next, cver the hle with the plastic sheet, securing the edges f the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center dwn with a rck. The plastic shuld nw frm a cne(圓錐體) with 45-degree-angled sides. The lw pint f the sheet must be centered directly ver, and n mre than three inches abve, the cup.
The slar still wrks by creating a greenhuse under the plastic. Grund water evaprates (蒸發(fā)) and cllects n the sheet until small drps f water frm, run dwn the material and fall ff int the cup. When the cntainer is full, yu can suck the refreshment ut thrugh the tube, and wn’t have t break dwn the still every time yu need a drink.
11．What d we knw abut the slar still equipment frm the first paragraph?
A. It’s delicate. B. It’s expensive.
C. It’s cmplex. D. It’s prtable.
12．What des the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. The tube. B. The still.
C. The hle. D. The cup.
13．What’s the last step f cnstructing a wrking slar still?
A. Dig a hle f a certain size. B. Put the cup in place.
C. Weight the sheet’s center dwn. D. Cver the hle with the plastic sheet.
14．When a slar still wrks, drps f water cme int the cup frm .
A. the plastic tube B. utside the hle
C. the pen air D. beneath the sheet
【答案】
11．D
12．B
13．C
14．D
【解析】本文是一篇科普文章。文章主要介紹了一種自己可以親手制作的簡單易行的太陽能蒸餾器的方法和它的工作原理。這種蒸餾器所需的材料簡單，適用于任何缺水的地方。
11．D 推理判斷題。根據文章第一段最后一句話These pieces can be flded int a neat little pack and fastened n yur belt.可知，制作蒸餾器的東西可以疊放在一個小包，系在腰間。說明制作蒸餾器的設備很輕便，prtable表示“輕便的;手提的”，故選D。
12．B 猜測詞義題。根據文章Try t make the hle in a damp area t increase the water catcher’s prductivity可知，最好在潮濕的地方挖洞，以提高接水器的工作效率。接水器指的是在潮濕地方挖洞，在洞的底部放一個杯子，杯子上方用覆蓋膜遮擋。整個裝置構成接水器，而不是某個部分。這一題很容易錯選D。就算在干燥的地方挖洞，杯子也可以接水，杯子接水的事實并不會因為周圍的環(huán)境變化而變化，杯子的工作效率是不變的。故選B。
13．C 細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第三段中的Next, cver the hle with the plastic sheet, securing the edges f the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center dwn with a rck.可知，最后一步是weighting the sheet’s center dwn with a rck“放一塊石頭在覆蓋膜的中間，把它壓下去”，故選C。
14．D 推理判斷題。根據第四段中的Grund water evaprates (蒸發(fā)) and cllects n the sheet until small drps f water frm, run dwn the material and fall ff int the cup可知，地下水蒸發(fā)，在覆蓋膜上聚集起來直到形成小水滴落在杯子里。覆蓋膜是在杯子上面的，水滴落入杯子里。所以水滴是凝聚在覆蓋膜的下面。故選D。
10.【2017·新課標III】B
Minutes after the last mvie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, emplyees were busy sweeping up ppcrns and gathering cke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year histry. This time, hwever, the cleanup was a little different. As ne grup f wrkers carried ut the rubbish, anther grup began remving seats and ther theater equipment in preparatin fr the building’s end.
The film classic The Last Picture Shw was the last mvie shwn in the ld theater. Thugh the mvie is 30 years ld, mst f the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting t say gd-be t the ld building. Theater wner Ed Bradfrd said he chse the mvie because it seemed apprpriate. The mvie is set in a small twn where the nly mvie theater is preparing t clse dwn.
Bradfrd said that large mdern theaters in the city made it impssible fr the Plaza t cmpete. He added that the theater’s lcatin(位置) was als a reasn. “This used t be the center f twn,” he said. “Nw the area is mstly ffice buildings and warehuses.”
Last week sme city fficials suggested the city might be interested in turning the ld theater int a museum and public meeting place. Hwever, these plans were abandned because f financial prblems. Bradfrd sld the building and land t a lcal develpment firm, which plans t build a shpping cmplex n the land where the theater is lcated.
The theater audience said gd-by as Bradfrd lcked the drs fr the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater has shwn its last mvie. The theater will be missed.
24. In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special?
A. It made rm fr new equipment.
B. It signaled the clsedwn f the theater.
C. It was dne with the help f the audience.
D. It marked the 75th anniversary f the theater.
25. Why was The Last Picture Shw put n?
A. It was an all-time classic. B. It was abut the histry f the twn.
C. The audience requested it. D. The theater wner fund it suitable.
26. What will prbably happen t the building?
A. It will be repaired. B. It will be turned int a museum.
C. It will be kncked dwn. D. It will be sld t the city gvernment.
27. What can we infer abut the audience?
A. They are disappinted with Bradfrd. B. They are sad t part with the ld theater.
C. They are supprtive f the city fficials. D. They are eager t have a shpping center.
【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了一家具有75年歷史的劇院因為不利的地理位置和現代劇院的競爭，而面臨著不得不關門，轉手出售的故事。
26. C細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段末句“which plans t build a shpping cmplex n the land where the theater is lcated.”可以推斷這個劇院將被拆除，取而代之的是一個現代的購物中心。
27.B推理判斷題。根據第二段中“mst f the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting t say gd-bye t the ld building.”可知，人們非常難過，不愿意看到老劇院被拆掉。
11.【2017·新課標III】C
After years f heated debate, gray wlves were reintrduced t Yellwstne Natinal Park. Furteen wlves were caught in Canada and transprted t the park. By last year, the Yellwstne wlf ppulatin had grwn t mre than 170 wlves.
Gray wlves nce were seen here and there in the Yellwstne area and much f the cntinental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human develpment. By the 1920s, wlves had practically disappeared frm the Yellwstne area. They went farther nrth int the deep frests f Canada, where there were fewer humans arund.
The disappearance f the wlves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk ppulatins — majr fd surces (來源) fr the wlf – grew rapidly. These animals cnsumed large amunts f vegetatin (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence f wlves, cyte ppulatins als grew quickly. The cytes killed a large percentage f the park’ s red fxes, and cmpletely drve away the park’ s beavers.
As early as 1966,bilgists asked the gvernment t cnsider reintrducing wlves t Yellwstne Park. They hped that wlves wuld be able t cntrl the elk and cyte prblems. Many farmers ppsed the plan because they feared that wlves wuld kill their farm animals r pets.
The gvernment spent nearly 30 years cming up with a plan t reintrduce the wlvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully mnitrs and manages the wlf packs in Yellwstne. Tday, the debate cntinues ver hw well the gray wlf is fitting in at Yellwstne.Elk, deer, and cyte ppulatins are dwn, while beavers and red fres have made a cmeback. The Yellwstne wlf prject has been a valuable experiment t help bilgists decide whether t reintrduce wlves t ther parts f the cuntry as well.
28.What is the text mainly abut?
A. Wildlife research in the United States.
B. Plant diversity in the Yellwstne area.
C. The cnflict between farmers and gray wlves.
D. The reintrductin f wlves t Yellwstne Park.
29.What des the underlined wrd “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Tested.B. Separated.C. Frced ut.D. Tracked dwn.
30.What did the disappearance f gray wlves bring abut？
A. Damage t lcal eclgy. B. A decline in the park’s incme.
C. Preservatin f vegetatin. D. An increase in the variety f animals.
31.What is the authr’s attitude twards the Yellwstne wlf prject？
A. Dubtful. B. Psitive. C. Disapprving. D. Uncaring.
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了美國黃石公園重新引進灰狼的事情。因為人類活動影響到灰狼數量逐漸減少，鹿群數量逐漸增加，從而造成植被遭到大量破壞。
28．主旨大意題。文章開門見山指出黃石公園引進灰狼的舉措，之后在下文詳細介紹了原因以及帶來的良好的轉機，由此判斷本文主要是關于美國黃石公園對灰狼的引進。故選D。
29．詞義猜測題。根據本段后兩句可知，因為人類的發(fā)展，侵占了灰狼的領域，灰狼逐漸向北遷徙，由此推斷灰狼被人類排擠走了。故選C。
30．細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段內容可知，灰狼的減少造成了鹿群的增多，從而植被遭到了破壞；而且紅狐和海貍也不斷減少，由此推斷灰狼的消失引起了當地生態(tài)的破壞。故選A。
31．推理判斷題。根據文章末段末句可知，作者認為引進灰狼的項目是很有價值的實驗，是很值得推廣的?？芍髡邔S石公園引進灰狼的態(tài)度是”積極的，贊成的“，故選B。
12.【2017·新課標III】D
The Intelligent Transprt team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car int a mbile labratry named “DriveLAB” in rder t understand the challenges faced by lder drivers and t discver where the key stress pints are.
Research shws that giving up driving is ne f the key reasns fr a fall in health and well-being amng lder peple, leading t them becming mre islated(隔絕) and inactive.
Led by Prfessr Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are develping in-vehicle technlgies fr lder drivers which they hpe culd help them t cntinue driving int later life.
These include custm-made navigatin(導航) tls, night visin systems and intelligent speed adaptatins. Phil Blythe explains: “Fr many lder peple, particularly thse living alne r in the cuntry, driving is imprtant fr preserving their independence, giving them the freedm t get ut and abut withut having t rely n thers.”
“But we all have t accept that as we get lder ur reactins slw dwn and this ften results in peple aviding any ptentially challenging driving cnditins and lsing cnfidence in their driving skills. The result is that peple stp driving befre they really need t.”
Dr Amy Gu, the leading researcher n the lder driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us t understand what the key pints and difficulties are fr lder drivers and hw we might use technlgy t address these prblems.
“Fr example, mst f us wuld expect lder drivers always g slwer than everyne else but surprisingly, we fund that in 30mph znes they struggled t keep at a cnstant speed and s were mre likely t break the speed limit and be at risk f getting fined. We’re lking at the benefits f systems which cntrl their speed as a way f preventing that.
“We hpe that ur wrk will help with technlgical slutins(解決方案) t ensure that lder drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
32.What is the purpse f the Drivel AB?
A.T explre newmeans f transprt.
B.T design new types f cars.
C.T find ut lder driver`s prblems.
D.T teach peple traffic rules.
33.Why is driving imprtant fr lder peple accrding t Phil Blythe?
A.It keeps them independent.
B.It helps them save time.
C.It builds up their strength.
D.It cures their mental illnesses.
34.What d researchers hpe t d fr lder drivers?
A.Imprve their driving skills.
B.Develp driver-assist technlgles.
C.Prvide tips n repairing their cars.
D.Organize regular physical checkups.
35.What is the best title fr the text?
A.A new Mdel Electric Car
B.A Slutin t Traffic Prblem
C.Driving Service fr elders
D.Keeping Older Drivers n the Rad
【解析】本文主要介紹了老年司機在需要停止開車的年齡之前就不得不停止開車，所以一些研究人員就開始了解老年司機存在的問題，想要用技術去解決這些問題，比如發(fā)開了控制速度的系統、制定導航工具、夜視系統和智能速度適應。
33. A推理判斷題。根據第四段中 Phil Blythe所說的內容 “driving is imprtant fr preserving their independence, giving them the freedm t get ut and abut withut having t rely n thers”可知，在Phil Blythe看來，能夠開車是老年人能夠保持獨立生活的重要條件。
34. B推理判斷題。根據文章最后三段內容可知，研究人員希望能夠通過研制一些司機輔助技術來幫助老年司機延長駕齡、享受更多獨立的生活。
35. D主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了科研人員通過把電動車改裝成一款 “DriveLAB”來研究如何幫助解決老年司機在開車時候遇到的問題，以便延長他們獨立生活的時間，提高他們的生活質量。
13.【2017·北京卷】A
It was a cld March day in High Pint, Nrth Carlina. The girls n the Wesleyan Academy sftball were waiting fr their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet t stay warm, Eighth-grader Taylr Bisbee shivered(發(fā)抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The tw didn’t knw each ther well — Taylr had just mved t twn a mnth r s befre.
Suddenly, Paris fell t the grund,“Paris’s eye rlled back,” Taylr says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”
It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Withut immediate medical care, Paris wuld die. At first n ne mved. The girls were in shck. Then the sftball cach shuted ut, “Des anyne knw CPR?”
CPR is a life-saving technique. T d CPR, yu press n the sick persn’s chest s that bld mves thrugh the bdy and takes xygen t rgans. Withut xygen the brain is damaging quickly.
Amazingly, Taylr had just taken a CPR curse the day befre. Still, she hesitated. She didn’t think she knew it well enugh. But when n ne else came frward, Taylr ran t Paris and began ding CPR, “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death,” says Taylr.
Taylr’s swift actin helped her teammates calm dwn. One girl called 911. Tw mre ran t get the schl nurse, wh brught a defibrillatr, an electrnic devices(器械) that can shck the heart back int wrk. Luck stayed with them: Paris’ heartbeat returned.
“I knw I was really lucky,” Paris says nw. “Mst peple dn’t survive this. My team saved my life.”
Experts say Paris is right: Fr a sudden heart failure, the single best chance fr survival is having smene nearby step in and d CPR quickly.
Tday, Paris is back n the sftball team. Taylr will apply t cllege sn. She wants t be a nurse. “I feel mre cnfident in my actins nw,” Taylr says. “I knw I can act under pressure in a scary situatin.”
56.What happened t Paris n a March day?
A. She caught a bad cld.
B. She had a sudden heart prblem.
C. She was kncked dwn by a ball.
D. She shivered terribly during practice
57.Why des Paris say she was lucky?
A. She made a wrthy friend.
B. She recvered frm shck.
C. She received immediate CPR.
D. She came back n the sftball team.
58.Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Taylr?
A. Enthusiastic and kind.
B. Curageus and calm.
C. Cperative and generus.
D. Ambitius and prfessinal.
【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了壘球隊一名女孩Paris在打球的過程中突發(fā)心力衰竭，隊友Taylr緊急對Paris進行了心肺復蘇，送往醫(yī)院后她恢復了心跳的故事，旨在說明面臨心力衰竭時，保持冷靜并進行緊急心肺復蘇的重要性。
56．根據第三段第一行，“It certainly was。 Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure。”可知，Paris突發(fā)心臟病，故B項正確。
57．根據第五段第二行“Taylr ran t Paris and began ding CPR”以及第六段整段中隊友的協助，得到了及時CPR救助的Paris“heartbeat returned”， 所以Paris說自己非常的幸運。倒數第二段，“Experts say Paris is right。 Fr a sudden failure， the single best chance fr survival is having smene nearby step in and d CPR quickly”，專家的話也印證了Paris獲得了及時的救助，故C項正確。
58．根據第五段第二行“But when n ne else came frward， Taylr ran t Paris and began ding CPR?！闭f明Taylr非常的勇敢，在沒有人出來幫忙以及自己對自己不那么自信的情況下，她還是跑去救助了Paris。由第五段第三行Taylr 的話“It was scary。 I knew it was the difference between life and death?！币约暗诹问拙洹癟aylr’s swift actin helped her teammates calm dwn?！笨芍琓aylr是一個勇敢并且冷靜的女孩，面對這種情況，她沒有慌亂，用自己學習到的急救知識迅速行動并用自己的舉動感染了隊友，使她們鎮(zhèn)靜下來幫忙救助，故B項正確。
15.【2017·北京卷】C
Measles(麻疹), which nce killed 450 children each year and disabled even mre, was nearly wiped ut in the United States 14 years ag by the universal use f the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a cmeback, caused by a grwing anti-vaccine mvement and misinfrmatin that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reprted in the USA, cmpared with 189 fr all f last year.
The numbers might sund small, but they are the leading edge f a dangerus trend. When vaccinatin rates are very high, as they still are in the natin as a whle, everyne is prtected. This is called “herd immunity”, which prtects the peple wh get hurt easily, including thse wh can’t be vaccinated fr medical reasns, babies t yung t get vaccinated and peple n whm the vaccine desn’t wrk.
But herd immunity wrks nly when nearly the whle herd jins in. When sme refuse vaccinatin and seek a free ride, immunity breaks dwn and everyne is in even bigger danger.
That’s exactly what is happening in small neighbrhds arund the cuntry frm Orange Cunty, Califrnia, where 22 measles cases were reprted this mnth, t Brklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-ld caused an utbreak last year.
The resistance t vaccine has cntinued fr decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Thse wh refuse t take that risk selfishly make thers suffer.
Making things wrse are state laws that make it t easy t pt ut(決定不參加) f what are suppsed t be required vaccines fr all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allw parents t get an exemptin（豁免), smetimes just by signing a paper saying they persnally bject t a vaccine.
Nw, several states are mving t tighten laws by adding new regulatins fr pting ut. But n ne des enugh t limit exemptins.
Parents ught t be able t pt ut nly fr limited medical r religius reasns. But persnal pinins? Nt gd enugh. Everyne enjys the life-saving benefits vaccines prvide, but they’ll exist nly as lng as everyne shares in the risks.
63．The first tw paragraphs suggest that ____________.
A．a small number f measles cases can start a dangerus trend
B．the utbreak f measles attracts the public attentin
C．anti-vaccine mvement has its medical reasns
D．infrmatin abut measles spreads quickly
64．Herd immunity wrks well when ____________.
A．exemptins are allwed
B．several vaccines are used tgether
C．the whle neighbrhd is invlved in
D．new regulatins are added t the state laws
65．What is the main reasn fr the cmeback f measles?
A．The veruse f vaccine.
B．The lack f medical care.
C．The features f measles itself.
D．The vaccine pt-uts f sme peple.
66．What is the purpse f the passage?
A．T intrduce the idea f exemptin.
B．T discuss methds t cure measles.
C．T stress the imprtance f vaccinatin.
D．T appeal fr equal rights in medical treatment.
【答案】63 A 64 C 65 D 66 C
【解析】本文主要是介紹了麻疹在歷史上帶來的危害，以及解釋了為什么會發(fā)生這樣的情況。
63．細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段第一句話The numbers might sund small, but they are the leading edge f a dangerus trend.麻疹患者的數量雖然小，但是他們卻是一種危險趨勢的前沿，因此可知答案為A。
64.細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段But herd immunity wrks nly when nearly the whle herd jins in.可知只有群體中所有人都參與進來了群體免疫才會有用，因此答案選C。
66.態(tài)度意圖題。本文主要是介紹了麻疹在歷史上帶來的危害，以及為什么會有這樣的情況，最根本原因還是那些不注射疫苗的人導致的，故本文的目的是強調疫苗的作用，選C。
【考點】醫(yī)學疾病類文章閱讀
16.【2017·北京卷】D
Hllywd’s thery that machines with evil(邪惡) minds will drive armies f killer rbts is just silly. The real prblem relates t the pssibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may becme extremely gd at achieving smething ther than what we really want. In 1960 a well-knwn mathematician Nrbert Wiener, wh funded the field f cybernetics（控制論）, put it this way: “If we use, t achieve ur purpses, a mechanical agency with whse peratin we cannt effectively interfere(干預), we had better be quite sure that the purpse put int the machine is the purpse which we really desire.”
A machine with a specific purpse has anther quality, ne that we usually assciate with living things: a wish t preserve its wn existence. Fr the machine, this quality is nt in-brn, nr is it smething intrduced by humans; it is a lgical cnsequence f the simple fact that the machine cannt achieve its riginal purpse if it is dead. S if we send ut a rbt with the single instructin f fetching cffee, it will have a strng desire t secure success by disabling its wn ff switch r even killing anyne wh might interfere with its task. If we are nt careful, then, we culd face a kind f glbal chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whse bjectives cnflict with ur wn, with the real wrld as the chessbard.
The pssibility f entering int and lsing such a match shuld cncentrate the minds f cmputer scientists. Sme researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind f firewall, using them t answer difficult questins but never allwing them t affect the real wrld. Unfrtunately, that plan seems unlikely t wrk: we have yet t invent a firewall that is secure against rdinary humans, let alne super intelligent machines.
Slving the safety prblem well enugh t mve frward in AI seems t be pssible but nt easy. There are prbably decades in which t plan fr the arrival f super intelligent machines. But the prblem shuld nt be dismissed ut f hand, as it has been by sme AI researchers. Sme argue that humans and machines can cexist as lng as they wrk in teams—yet that is nt pssible unless machines share the gals f humans. Others say we can just “switch them ff” as if super intelligent machines are t stupid t think f that pssibility. Still thers think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famus physicist Ernest Rutherfrd stated, with cnfidence, “Anyne wh expects a surce f pwer in the transfrmatin f these atms is talking mnshine.” Hwever, n September 12, 1933, physicist Le Szilard invented the neutrn-induced(中子誘導) nuclear chain reactin.
67. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .
A. run ut f human cntrl
B. satisfy human’s real desires
C. cmmand armies f killer rbts
D. wrk faster than a mathematician
68. Machines with specific purpses are assciated with living things partly because they might be able t .
A. prevent themselves frm being destryed
B achieve their riginal gals independently
C. d anything successfully with given rders
D. beat humans in internatinal chess matches
69. Accrding t sme researchers, we can use firewalls t .
A. help super intelligent machines wrk better
B. be secure against evil human beings
C. keep machines frm being harmed
D. avid rbts’ affecting the wrld
70. What des the authr think f the safety prblem f super intelligent machines?
A. It will disappear with the develpment f AI.
B. It will get wrse with human interference.
C. It will be slved but with difficulty.
D. It will stay fr a decade.
【答案】67 A 68 A 69 D 70 C
【解析】本文主要介紹了人工智能，它會給我們的生活帶來什么樣的影響。
67.推理判斷題。根據第一段The real prblem relates t the pssibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may becme extremely gd at achieving smething ther than what we really want.可知人工智能可能會出現的真正問題是AI會非常擅長取得某個成就而不是我們真正想要的東西，也就是說AI可能會超出人的控制去做一些事情，故選A。
68.推理判斷題。根據第二段第一句A machine with a specific purpse has anther quality, ne that we usually assciate with living things: a wish t preserve its wn existence.可知，原因是保護它自己的存在的一種愿望，也就是說，它具有有生命的物體的一種品質是因為它要保護自己不被破壞，繼續(xù)存在下去，故選A。
69．推理判斷題。根據第三段using them t answer difficult questins but never allwing them t affect the real wrld.可知可以用防火墻來回答那些困難的問題但是卻永遠不要讓他們影響這個真正的現實世界，故選D。
70．推理判斷題。根據最后一段Slving the safety prblem well enugh t mve frward in AI seems t be pssible but nt easy.可知作者認為解決人工智能機器的安全問題是可能的，但是并不容易，也就是很困難，故選C。
17.【2017·天津卷】A
Suppse yu’re in a rush, feeling tired, nt paying attentin t yur screen, and yu send an email that culd get yu in truble.
Realisatin will prbably set in secnds after yu’ve clicked “send”. Yu freeze in hrrrs and burn with shame.
What t d? Here are fur cmmn email accidents, and hw t recver.
Clicking “send” t sn
Dn’t waste yur time trying t find ut if the receivers has read it yet. Write anther email as swiftly as yu can and send it with a brief explaining that this is the crrect versin and the previus versin shuld be ignred.
Writing the wrng time
The sner yu ntice, the better. Respnd quickly and briefly, aplgizing fr yur mistake. Keep the tne measured: dn’t handle it t lightly, as peple can be ffered, especially if yur errr suggests a misunderstanding f their culture(I.e. incrrect rdering f Chinese names).
Clicking “reply all” unintentinally
Yu accidentally reveal(透露)t entire cmpany what menu chices yu wuld prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, r what hliday yu’d like t take. In this instance, the best slutin is t send a quick, light-hearted aplgy t explain yur awkwardness. But it can quickly rise t smething wrse, when everyne starts hitting “reply all” t jin in a lng and unpleasant cnversatin. In this instance, step away frm yur keybard t allw everyne t calm dwn.
Sending an ffensive message t it’s subject
The mst awkward email mistake is usually cmmitted in anger. Yu write an unkind message abut smene, intending t send it t a friend, but accidentally send it t the persn yu’re discussing. In that case, ask t speak in persn as sn as pssible and say srry. Explain yur frustratins calmly and sensibly—see it as an pprtunity tic hear up any difficulties yu may have with this persn.
36. After realizing an email accident, yu are likely t feel _______.
A. curius B. tired C. awful D. funny
37. If yu have written the wrng name in an email, it is best t ________.
A. aplgise in a serius manner
B. tell the receiver t ignre the errr
C. learn t write the name crrectly
D. send a shrt ntice t everyne
38. What shuld yu d when an unpleasant cnversatin is started by yur “reply all” email?
A. Try ffering ther chices.
B. Avid further invlvement.
C. Meet ther staff members.
D. Make a light-hearted aplgy.
39. Hw shuld yu deal with the prblem caused by an ffensive email?
A. By prmising nt t ffend the receiver again.
B. By seeking supprt frm the receiver’s friends.
C. By asking the receiver t cntrl his anger.
D. By talking t the receiver face t face.
40. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Defining email errrs.
B. Reducing email mistakes.
C. Handling email accidents.
D. Imprving email writing.
【解析】這是一篇說明文。介紹了因為失誤而發(fā)錯信息的補救方法。
36．【解析】A. 謹慎的 B. 勞累的，厭倦的 C. 糟糕的，極壞的 D. 滑稽的。根據第二段第二句：Yu freeze in hrrrs and burn with shame.可以判斷出：在你意識到郵件發(fā)生了意外時，你的感覺很糟糕， 故選C。
【考點】考查細節(jié)理解。
【考點】考查細節(jié)理解。
38．【解析】根據第三標題句Clicking “reply all” unintentinally下面內容的最后一句話：
In this instance, step away frm yur keybard t allw everyne t calm dwn在這種情況下，遠離鍵盤讓大家冷靜下來，即避免進一步的牽涉。故選B。
【考點】考查細節(jié)理解。
39．【解析】據最后最后一個標題句下面內容In that case, ask t speak in persn as sn as pssible and say srry，在這種情況下盡快的去當面說聲和道歉，故選D。
【考點】考查細節(jié)理解。
40．【解析】前三段內容通過問問題和說明情況以及引出主題，處理郵件問題的四個具體方法可以判斷出本文主要講的是處理郵件問題。故選C。
【考點】考查主旨大意。
18.【2017·天津卷】B
Fifteen years ag, I tk a summer vacatin in Lecce in suthern Italy. After climbing up a hill fr a panramic(全景的) view f the blue sea, white buildings and green live trees, I paused t catch my breath and then psitined myself t take the best pht f this panrama.
Unfrtunately, just as I tk ut my camera, a wman apprached frm behind, and planted herself right in frnt f my view. Like me, this wman was here t stp, sigh and appreciate the view.
Patient as I was, after abut 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the sht I wuld eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it t much t ask her t mve s I culd take just ne picture f the landscape? Sure, I culd have asked her, but smething prevented me frm ding s. She seemed s cntent in her bservatin. I didn’t want t mess with that.
Anther 15 minutes passed and I grew bred. The wman was still there. I decided t take the pht anyway. And nw when I lk at it, I think her presence in the pht is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful n its wn, smehw cms t life and breathes because this wman is engaging with it.
This pht, with the unique beauty that unflded befre me and that wman wh “ruined” it, nw hangs n a wall in my bedrm. What wuld she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frzen n sme stranger’s bedrm wall? A bedrm, after all, is a very private space, in which sme wman I dn’t even knw has been immrtalized(使……永存). In sme ways, she lives in my huse.
Perhaps we all live in each thers’ space. Perhaps this is what phts are fr: t remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a cmmn desire fr pleasure, fr cnnectin, fr smething that is greater than us.
That pht is a reminder, a captured mment, an unspken cnversatin between tw wmen, separated nly by a thin square f glass.
41. What happened when the authr was abut t take a pht?
A. Her camera stpped wrking.
B. A wman blcked her view.
C. Smene asked her t leave
D. A friend apprached frm behind.
42. Accrding t the authr, the wman was prbably_______.
A. enjying herself
B. lsing her patience
C. waiting fr the sunset
D. thinking abut her past
43. In the authr’s pinin, what makes the pht s alive?
A. The rich clr f the landscape.
B. The perfect psitining f the camera.
C. The wman’s existence in the pht.
D. The sft sunlight that summer day.
44. The pht n the bedrm wall enables the authr t better understand ________.
A. the need t be clse t nature
B. the imprtance f private space
C. the jy f the vacatin in Italy
D. the shared passin fr beauty
45. The passage can be seen as the authr’s reflectins upn _______.
A. a particular life experience
B. the pleasure f traveling
C. the art f phtgraphy
D. a lst friendship
【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。本文講述了作者一次旅行的特殊經歷帶給作者的深思和感悟。
【解析】本文屬于說明文。作者通過講述作者在無奈的情況下拍攝的一張被一位女士干擾的照片的故事，向讀者描述了這樣的照片反而顯得更生動，我們應該懂得共享美麗，理解分享美麗的重要性。
41.【答案】B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段句子Unfrtunately, just as I tk ut my camera, a wman apprached frm behind, and planted herself right in frnt f my view.可知，當作者要拍照時，一位女士擋住了她的視線。故選B。
【考點】考查細節(jié)理解。
42.【答案】A 【解析】根據第三段的句子She seemed s cntent in her bservatin.她好像那么的滿足于她的觀察（欣賞風景），即在作者看來，那個婦女很可能很愉快。故選A。
【考點】考查細節(jié)理解。
43.【答案】C【解析】根據第四段的句子 The landscape, beautiful n its wn, smehw cms t life and breathes because this wman is engaging with it可以判斷出作者認為是因為照片中有了這個婦女的存在使這張照片有了活力和生機.。故選C。
【考點】考查細節(jié)理解。
44.【答案】D 【解析】根據倒數第二段中Perhaps this is what phts are fr: t remind us that we all appreciate beauty,可以判斷出：掛在臥室墻上的照片使作者更好的理解了人們共有的欣賞追求美的激情 。故選D。
【考點】考查推理判斷。
45.【答案】A 【解析】通讀全文可知，前四段講述這次印度旅行的特殊經歷，后三段講述這次特殊經歷帶給作者的感悟， 所以這篇文章可以看做是作者對于一次特殊經歷的深入思考。故選A。
【考點】考查推理判斷。
19.【2017·天津卷】C
This mnth, Germany’s transprt minister, Alexander Dbrindt, prpsed the first set f rules fr autnmus vehicles(自主駕駛車輛). They wuld define the driver’s rle in such cars and gvern hw such cars perfrm in crashes where lives might be lst.
The prpsal attempts t deal with what sme call the “death valley” f autnmus vehicles: the grey area between semi-autnmus and fully driverless cars that culd delay the driverless future.
Dbrindt wants three things: that a car always chses prperty(財產) damage ver persnal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based n age r race; and that if a human remves his r her hands frm the driving wheel — t check email, say — the car’s maker is respnsible if there is a crash.
“The change t the rad traffic law will permit fully autmatic driving,” says Dbrindt. It will put fully driverless cars n an equal legal fting t human drivers, he says.
Wh is respnsible fr the peratin f such vehicles is nt clear amng car makers, cnsumers and lawyers. “The liability(法律責任) issue is the biggest ne f them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University f Leeds, UK.
An assumptin behind UK insurance fr driverless cars, intrduces earlier this year, insists that a human “ be watchful and mnitring the rad” at every mment.
But that is nt what many peple have in mind when thinking f driverless cars. “When yu say ‘driverless cars’, peple expect driverless cars.”Merat says. “Yu knw — n driver.”
Because f the cnfusin, Merat thinks sme car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully autmated withut peratin.
Driverless cars may end up being a frm f public transprt rather than vehicles yu wn, says Ryan Cal at Stanfrd University, Califrnia. That is happening in the UK and Singapre, where gvernment-prvided driverless vehicles are being launched.
That wuld g dwn prly in the US, hwever. “The idea that the gvernment wuld take ver driverless cars and treat them as a public gd wuld get abslutely nwhere here,” says Cal.
46. What des the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. A place where cars ften break dwn.
B. A case where passing a law is impssible.
C. An area where n driving is permitted.
D. A situatin where drivers’ rle is nt clear.
47. The prpsal put frward by Dbrindt aims t __________.
A. stp peple frm breaking traffic rules
B. help prmte fully autmatic driving
C. prtect drivers f all ages and races
D. prevent serius prperty damage
48. What d cnsumers think f the peratin f driverless cars?
A. It shuld get the attentin f insurance cmpanies.
B. It shuld be the main cncern f law makers.
C. It shuld nt cause deadly traffic accidents.
D. It shuld invlve n human respnsibility.
49. Driverless vehicles in public transprt see n bright future in __________.
A. Singapre
B. the UK
C. the US
D. Germany
50. What culd be the best title fr passage?
A. Autnmus Driving: Whse Liability?
B. Fully Autmatic Cars: A New Breakthrugh
C. Autnmus Vehicles: Driver Remved
D. Driverless Cars: Rt f Rad Accidents
【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章記敘了德國交通部長的對于自主駕駛車輛的規(guī)章制度的一個提議，引出說明了位于科技前沿的無人駕駛的自動化車輛在英國、新加坡和美國的不同前景。
【答案】
46．D
47．B
48．D
49．C
50．A
【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章記敘了德國交通部長的對于自主駕駛車輛的規(guī)章制度的一個提議，引出說明了位于科技前沿的無人駕駛的自動化車輛在英國、新加坡和美國的不同前景。
46．【解析】根據第二段內容;The prpsal attempts t deal with what sme call the “death valley” f autnmus vehicles: the grey area between semi-autnmus and fully driverless cars that culd delay the driverless future.注意冒號的作用，就是對死亡谷的解釋說明：death valley”指的是制約著無人駕駛汽車未來的半自動化和完全無人駕駛汽車之間的灰色地帶即司機的角色不明朗的狀況。A，B和C項內容文中根本就沒有提到，故選D。
【考點】考查詞義猜測。
【考點】考查推理判斷。
48．【解析】根據第七段內容But that is nt what many peple have in mind when thinking f driverless cars. “When yu say ‘driverless cars’, peple expect driverless cars.”Merat says. “Yu knw — n driver.” 可知消費者認為對于無人駕駛車輛的運行不應該牽涉到人的責任。故選D。
【考點】考查細節(jié)理解。
49．【解析】根據最后一段That wuld g dwn prly in the US, hwever. “The idea that the gvernment wuld take ver driverless cars and treat them as a public gd wuld get abslutely nwhere here,” says Cal.可知公共交通工具中無人駕駛車看不到未來是在美國。故選C。
【考點】考查細節(jié)理解。
50．【解析】通讀全文可以知道，本文主要講述了德國交通部長的提議是為了促進無人駕駛車運行，界定了汽車制造方負責，由此在第五段引出全文的主題句:Wh is respnsible fr the peratin f such vehicles is nt clear amng car makers, cnsumers and lawyers. 下面就此展開陳述。所以：自動化駕駛：誰的責任可以概括全文，充當本文題目，故選A。
【考點】考查主旨大意。
20.【2017·天津卷】D
I read smewhere that we spend a full third f ur lives waiting. But where are we ding all f this waiting, and what des it mean t an impatient sciety like urs? T understand the issue, let’s take a lk at three types f “waits”.
The very purest frm f waiting is the Watched-Pt Wait. It is withut dubt the mst annying f all. Take filling up the kitchen sink(洗碗池) as an example. There is abslutely nthing yu can d while this is ging n but keep bth eyes fixed n the sink until it’s full. During these waits, the brain slips away frm the bdy and wanders abut until the water runs ver the edge f the cunter and nt yur scks. This kind f wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.
A cusin t the Watched-Pt Wait is the Frced Wait. This ne requires a bit f discipline. Prperly preparing packaged ndle sup required a Frced Wait. Directins are very specific. “Bring three cups f water t bil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remve frm heat, let stand five minutes.”I have my dubts that anyne has actually fllwed the prcedures strictly. After all, Frced Waiting requires patience.
Perhaps the mst pwerful type f waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type f wait is unusual in that it is fr the mst part vluntary. Unlike the Frced Wait, which is als vluntary, waiting fr yur lucky break des nt necessarily mean that it will happen.
Turning ne’s life int a waiting game requires faith and hpe, and is strictly fr the ptimists amng us. On the surface it seems as ridiculus as fllwing the directins n sup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves thse wh are willing t d it. As lng as ne desn’t cme t rely n it, wishing fr a few gd things t happen never hurts anybdy.
We certainly d spend a gd deal f ur time waiting. The next time yu’re standing at the sink waiting fr it t fill while cking ndle sup that yu’ll have t eat until a large bag f cash falls ut f the sky, dn’t be desperate. Yu’re prbably just as busy as the next guy.
51. While ding a Watched-Pt Wait, we tend t ___________.
A. keep urselves busy
B. get absent-minded
C. grw anxius
D. stay fcused
52. What is the difference between the Frced Wait and the Watched-Pt Wait?\
A. The Frced Wait requires sme self-cntrl.
B. The Frced Wait makes peple passive.
C. The Watched-Pt Wait needs directins.
D. The Watched-Pt Wait engages bdy and brain.
53. What can we learn abut the Lucky-Break Wait?
A. It is less vluntary than the Frced Wait.
B. It desn’t always bring the desired result.
C. It is mre fruitful than the Frced Wait.
D. It desn’t give peple faith and hpe.
54. What des the authr advise us t d the next time we are waiting?
A. Take it seriusly.
B. Dn’t rely n thers.
C. D smething else.
D. Dn’t lse heart.
55. The authr supprts his view by _________.
A. explring varius causes f “waits”.
B. describing detailed prcesses f “waits”.
C. analyzing different categries f “waits”
D. revealing frustrating cnsequences f “waits”
【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。文章主要通過介紹三種不同種類的等待來論述我們花費大量的時間來等待而且說明自己的觀點，充滿希望和信念去等待。
51.【答案】B【解析】根據第二段的句子During these waits, the brain slips away frm the bdy and wanders abut until the water runs ver the edge f the cunter and nt yur scks. 可知我們在等待一壺水煮開的時候我們總是心不在焉的。故選B。
【考點】考查細節(jié)理解。
52.【答案】A【解析】根據第三段第一句A cusin t the Watched-Pt Wait is the Frced Wait. This ne requires a bit f discipline可知，被迫的等待和留意的等待之間的區(qū)別在于被迫的等待需要紀律即自控.，故選A。
【考點】考查細節(jié)理解。
53.【答案】B【解析】根據第四段的句子which is als vluntary, waiting fr yur lucky break des nt necessarily mean that it will happen.可知等待你的好運不一定意味著就會發(fā)生，即不一定帶來渴望的結果 。故選B。
【考點】考查細節(jié)理解。
【考點】考查細節(jié)理解。
55.【答案】C【解析】通讀全文可以知道，作者通過2,3,4段列舉了三種類型的等待，最后總結和表明了自己觀點，所以判斷出作者是通過分析不同種類的等待來支持自己的觀點的。故選C。
【考點】考查標題判斷。
21.【2017·浙江卷】A
Benjamin West, the father f American painting, shwed his talent fr art when he was nly six years f age. But he did nt knw abut brushes befre a visitr tld him he needed ne. In thse days , a brush was made frm camel’s hair. There were n camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair wuld wrk instead. He cut sme fur frm the family cat t make a brush.
The brush did nt last lng. Sn Benjamin needed mre fur. Befre lng, the catbegan t lk ragged （蓬亂）. His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was frced t admit what he had been ding.
The cat’s lt was abut t imprve. That year, ne f Benjamin’s cusins, Mr.Penningtn, came t visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went hme, he sent Benjamin a bx f paint and sme brushes. He als sent six engravings （版畫）by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years ld，Mr.Penningtn retured fr anther visit .He was amazed at what Benjamin had dne with his gift.He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the by t Philadelphia fr a visit.
In the city, Mr.Penningtn gave Benjamin materials fr creating il paintings.The by began a landscape (風景) painting.Wiliams ,a well-knwn painter,came t see him wrk . Wiliams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him tw classic bks n painting t take hme .The bks were lng and dull. Benjamin culd read nly a little,having been a pr student.But he later said,”Thse tw bks were my cmpanins by day,and under my pillw at night.”While it is likely that he understd very little f the bks,they were his intrductin t classical paintings.The nine-year-ld by decided then that he wuld be an artist.
21. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Benjamin’s visit t Philadelphia.
B. Williams’ influence n Benjamin.
C. The beginning f Benjamin’s life as an artist.
D. The friendship between Benjamin and Penningtn.
22. What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?
A. The cat wuld be clsely watched.
B. The cat wuld get sme medical care.
C. Benjamin wuld leave his hme shrtly.
D. Benjamin wuld have real brushes sn.
23. What did Penningtn d t help Benjamin develp his talent?
A. He tk him t see painting exhibitins.
B. He prvided him with painting materials.
C. He sent him t a schl in Philadelphia.
D. He taught him hw t make engravings.
24. Williams’ tw bks helped Benjamin t ________.
A. master the use f paints
B. appreciate landscape paintings
C. get t knw ther painters
D. make up his mind t be a painter
【解析】試題分析：本文屬于記敘文，主要講了美國繪畫之父Benjamin在決定要成為一名畫家之前的經歷。
21．C 中心思想題，文章主要介紹了美國繪畫之父Benjamin在決定成為一名畫家之前的生活經歷，故選C.
22．推理判斷題，此句是第三段的首句，所以可根據第三段的大意來推斷這句話想要告訴我們什么，這段主要講了Benjamin的一個表哥由于被Benjamin的繪畫才能所打動，所以就送給他一些顏料和一些真正的畫筆，所以劃線句“貓的境地將要得到改善”是表明Benjamin很快有了真正的畫筆，所以不用剪貓的毛來做畫筆了，故選D.
23.B細節(jié)理解題，根據最后一段“Mr. Penningtn gave Benjamin materials fr creating il paintings”, 可知Penningtn為了幫助Benjamin培養(yǎng)繪畫天賦，給他提供了一些繪畫材料，故選B.
24.D細節(jié)理解題，根據最后一段“While it is likely that he understd very little f the bks, they were his intrductin t classical paintings. The nine-year-ld by decided then that he wuld be an artist, 可知：這兩本書幫助Benjamin堅定了自己成為一名畫家的決心，故選D.
【考點】考查記敘文閱讀
22.【2017·浙江卷】B
Getting less sleep has becme a bad habit fr mst American kids. Accrding t a new survey(調查) by the Natinal Sleep Fundatin, 51% f kids aged 10 t 18 g t bed at 10 pm r later n schl nights, even thugh they have t get up early. Last year the Fundatin reprted that nearly 60% f 7- t 12-year-lds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at schl.
Hw much sleep yu need depends a lt n yur age. Babies need a lt f rest: mst f them sleep abut 18 hurs a day! Adults need abut eight hurs. Fr mst schl-age children, ten hurs is ideal(理想的). But the new Natinal Sleep Fundatin survey fund that 35% f 10- t 12-year-lds get nly seven r eight hurs. And guess what almst half f the surveyed kids said they d befre bedtime? Watch TV.
“Mre children are ging t bed with TVs n, and there are mre pprtunities(機會) t stay awake, with mre hmewrk, the Internet and the phne,” says Dr. Mary Carskadn, a sleep researcher at Brwn University Medical Schl. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard fr them t calm dwn and sleep. Other experts say part f the prblem is chemical. Changing levels f bdy chemicals called hrmnes nt nly make teenagers’ bdies develp adult characteristics, but als make it hard fr teenagers t fall asleep befre 11 pm.
Because sleepiness is such a prblem fr teenagers, sme schl districts have decided t start high schl classes later than they used t. Three years ag, schls in Edina, Minnesta, changed the start time frm 7:25 am t 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.
25. What is the new Natinal Sleep Fundatin survey n?
A. American kids’ sleeping habits. B. Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.
C. Activities t prevent sleeplessness. D. Learning prblems and lack f sleep.
26. Hw many hurs f sleep d 11-year-lds need every day?
A. 7 hurs. B. 8 hurs. C. 10 hurs. D. 18 hurs.
27. Why d teenagers g t sleep late accrding t Carskadn?
A. They are affected by certain bdy chemicals.
B. They tend t d things that excite them.
C. They fllw their parents’ examples.
D. They dn’t need t g t schl early.
【解析】本文屬于調查報告，首先用數據告訴我們美國孩子睡眠狀況堪憂，接著告訴我們孩子在不同年齡段需要不同的睡眠時間，然后分析了孩子晚睡的原因，最后介紹了一些學校為了讓孩子們有更多的睡眠時間而推遲了上課的時間。
26.C細節(jié)理解題，根據第二段“Fr mst schl-age children, ten hurs is ideal”, 所以11歲的上學小孩子的睡眠時間需要10個小時，故選C.
27.B細節(jié)理解題，根據第三段“She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard fr them t calm dwn and sleep”,所以她認為孩子們睡覺晚的原因是他們會在睡前做一些讓他們興奮的活動，故選B.
【考點】考查議論文類閱讀
23.【2017·浙江卷】C
FLORENCE, Italy—Svetlana Cjchru feels hurt. The Mldvan has lived here seven years as a caregiver t Italian kids and the elderly, but in rder t stay she’s had t prve her language skills by taking a test which requires her t write a pstcard t an imaginary friend and answer a fictinal jb ad.
Italy is the latest Western Eurpean cuntry trying t cntrl a grwing immigrant(移民) ppulatin by demanding language skills in exchange fr wrk permits, r in sme cases, citizenship.
Sme immigrant advcates wrry that as hard financial times make it mre difficult fr natives t keep jbs, such measures will becme mre a vehicle fr intlerance than integratin(融合). Others say it’s nly natural that newcmers learn the language f their hst natin, seeing it as a cnditin t ensure they can cntribute t sciety.
Other Eurpean cuntries laid dwn a similar requirement fr immigrants, and sme terms are even tugher. The gvernments argue that this will help freigners better jin the sciety and prmte understanding acrss cultures.
Italy, which has a much weaker traditin f immigratin, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigratin in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered sme 1.14 millin ut f Italy’s then 56.7 millin peple, r abut 2 percent. At the start f this year, freigners living in Italy amunted t 4.56 millin f a ttal ppulatin f 60.6 millin, r 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accunting fr an even larger percentage f births in Italy.
Cjchru, the Mldvan caregiver, hped btaining permanent residence(居住權) wuld help her bring her tw children t Italy; they live with her sister in Mldva, where salaries are amng the lwest in Eurpe. She was skeptical that the language requirement wuld encurage integratin.
Italians always “see me as a freigner,” an utsider, even thugh she’s stayed in the cuntry fr years and can speak the lcal language fluently, she said.
28. Why des Cjchru have t take a language test?
A. T cntinue t stay in Italy. B. T teach her children Italian.
C. T find a better jb in Italy. D. T better mix with the Italians.
29. Sme peple wrry that the new language requirement may ________.
A. reduce Italy’s ppulatin quickly B. cause cnflicts amng peple
C. lead t financial difficulties D. put pressure n schls
30. What d we knw abut Cjchru?
A. She lives with her sister nw in Italy.
B. She enjys learning the Italian language.
C. She speaks Italian well enugh fr her jb.
D. She wishes t g back t her hme cuntry.
【解析】本文屬于議論文，首先向我們呈現出這樣一種現象：一位叫Svetlana Cjchru的摩爾多瓦人移民到意大利，但為了能夠繼續(xù)留在意大利，她必須進行語言測試；接著向我們闡述對外來民進行語言測試的原因以及對此的不同聲音，然后介紹了意大利的移民史，最后告訴我們Cjchru的居住現狀：工資水平很低，而且雖然在意大利生活多年，但意大利本地居民仍會把她當作外國人來看。
28.A細節(jié)理解題，根據第一段第二句“but in rder t stay she’s had t prve her language skills by taking a test…”可知，Cjchru為了能夠繼續(xù)留在意大利才要參加語言考試的，故選A.
29.B推理判斷題，根據第三段第一句“,such measures will becme mre a vehicle fr intlerance than integratin”,可知一些人擔心對語言水平的要求可能會造成人與人之間的不包容，即沖突，故選B.
30.C細節(jié)理解題，根據最后一段最后一句“,even thugh she ‘s stayed in the cuntry fr years and can speak the lcal language fluently”可知Cjchru的意大利語已經說的很流利了，足夠應付工作，故選C.
【考點】考查議論文類閱讀
24.【2017·江蘇卷】 B
Befre birth, babies can tell the difference between lud sunds and vices. They can even distinguish their mther’s vice frm that f a female stranger. But when it cmes t embrynic learning(胎教), birds culd rule the rst. As recently reprted in The Auk: Ornithlgical Adrances, sme mther birds may teach their yung t sing even befre they hatch(孵化). New-brn chicks can then imitate their mm’s call within a few days f entering the wrld.
This educatinal methd was first bserved in 2012 by Snia Kieindrfer,a bilgist at Flinders University in Suth Australia, and her clleagues. Femake Australian superb fairy wrens were fund t repeat ne sund ver and ver again while hatching their errs, when the errs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp t their mthers—arund that served as their regular “feed me!” call.
T find ut if the special quality was mre widespread in birds, the researchers sught the red-backed fairy wren, anther species f Australian sngbird. First they cllected sund data frm 67 nests in fur sites in Queensland befre and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the rder and number f ntes. A cmputer analysis blindly cmpared calls prduced by mthers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.
It turns ut that baby red-backed fairy wrens als emerge chirping like their mms. And the mre frequently mthers had called t their errs, the mre similar were the babies’ begging calls. In additin, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that mst clsely imitated their mm’s vice were rewarded with the mst fd.
This bservatin hints that effective embrynic learning culd signal neurlgical(神經系統的) strengths f children t parents. An evlutinary inference can then be drawn.” As a parent, d yu invest in quality children, r d yu invest in children that are in need?” Kleindrfer asks.” Our results suggest that they might be ging fr quality.”
58.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“ ”.
A. be the wrst B. be the best C. be the as bad D. be just as gd
59.What are Kleindrfer’s findings based n?
A. Similarities between the calls mms and chicks.
B. The bservatin f fairy wrens acrss Australia.
C. The data cllected frm Queensland’s lcals.
D. Cntrlled experiments n wrens and ther birds.
60.Embrynic learning helps mther birds t identify the baby birds which .
A. can receive quality signals B. are in need f training
C. fit the envirnment better D. make the ludest call
【答案】58.B 59.A 60.C
【解析】本文是一篇科普說明文。文章介紹了科技新發(fā)現：鳥兒在孵化前母鳥便教它們識別聲音了，母親呼喚它們的鳥蛋越頻繁，則它們的孩子越會發(fā)出相似的聲音；鳥兒的聲音越像它們的母親，則他們獲得的食物獎勵就越多。
59. A細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“Femake Australian superb fairy wrens were fund t repeat ne sund ver and ver again while hatching their errs”可知，研究發(fā)現是對澳大利亞兩種會鳥鳴的鳥兒進行了記錄，根據第三段“the researchers sught the red-backed fairy wren, anther species f Australian sngbird.”可知，研究人員并未在全澳洲范圍展開調查；未對其它鳥類進行記錄研究，排除D項。根據倒數第三段“A cmputer analysis blindly cmpared calls prduced by mthers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.”可知，A項正確。
60. C細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段“the baby birds that mst clsely imitated their mm’s vice were rewarded with the mst fd”和最后一段“Our results suggest that they might be ging fr quality.”可知，模仿母鳥模仿得最好的雛鳥得到最多的食物，研究結果表明，母親會選擇質量好的雛鳥、孩子。
【考點】考查科普說明文閱讀
25.【2017·江蘇卷】C
A new cmmdity brings abut a highly prfitable, fast-grwing industry, urging antitrust(反壟斷)regulatrs t step in t check thse wh cntrl its flw. A century ag, the resurce in questin was il. Nw similar cncerns are being raised by the giants(巨頭) that deal in data, the il f the digital age. The mst valuable firms are Ggle, Amazn, Facebk and Micrsft. All lk unstppable.
Such situatins have led t calls fr the tech giants t be brken up. But size alne is nt a crime. The giants’ success has benefited cnsumers. Few want t live withut search engines r a quick delivery, Far frm charging cnsumers high prices, many f these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing ver yet mre data). And the appearance f new-brn giants suggests that newcmers can make waves, t.
But there is cause fr cncern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far mre valuable, changing the nature f data and cmpetitin. Ggle initially used the data cllected frm users t target advertising better. But recently it has discvered that data can be turned int new services: translatin and visual recgnitin, t be sld t ther cmpanies. Internet cmpanies’ cntrl f data gives them enrmus pwer. S they have a “Gd’s eye view” f activities in their wn markets and beynd.
This nature f data makes the antitrust measures f the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Ggle int five small nes wuld nt stp remaking themselves: in time, ne f them wuld becme great again. A rethink is required—and as a new apprach starts t becme apparent, tw ideas stand ut.
The first is that antitrust authrities need t mve frm the industrial age int the 21st century. When cnsidering a merger(兼并), fr example, they have traditinally used size t determine when t step in. They nw need t take int accunt the extent f firms’ data assets(資產) when assessing the impact f deals. The purchase price culd als be a signal that an established cmpany is buying a new-brn threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-brn cmpany has n revenue t speak f, the regulatrs shuld raise red flags.
The secnd principle is t lsen the cntrl that prviders f n-line services have ver data and give mre t thse wh supply them.Cmpanies culd be frced t cnsumers what infrmatin they hld and hw much mney they make frm it. Gvernments culd rder the sharing f certain kinds f data, with users’ cnsent.
Restarting antitrust fr the infrmatin age will nt be easy But if gvernments dn’t wants a data ecnmy by a few giants, they must act sn.
61.Why is there a call t break up giants?
A. They have cntrlled the data market.B. They cllect enrmus private data.
C. They n lnger prvide free services.D. They dismissed sme new-brn giants.
62.What des the technlgical innvatin in Paragraph 3 indicate?
A. Data giants’ technlgy is very expensive.B. Ggle’s idea is ppular amng data firms
C. Data can strengthen giants’ cntrlling psitin.D. Data can be turned int new services r prducts
63.By paying attentin t firms’ data assets, antitrust regulatrs culd .
A. kill a new threatB. avid the size trap
C. favur bigger firmsD. charge higher prices
64.What is the purpse f lsening the giants’ cntrl f data?
A. Big cmpanies culd relieve data security pressure.
B. Gvernments culd relieve their financial pressure.
C. Cnsumers culd better prtect their privacy.
D. Small cmpanies culd get mre pprtunities.
【答案】61.A 62. C 63.B 64.D
【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了數據信息壟斷企業(yè)的發(fā)展導致的后果以及反壟斷的措施、對反對數據壟斷的未來展望。
61．A細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段第三句Nw similar cncerns ares being raised by the giants（巨頭）that deal in data, the il f the digital age.和第二段第一句Such situatins have led t calls fr the tech giants t be brken up.可知，人們呼吁打破壟斷的原因是因為數據信息壟斷機構控制了數據市場，故選A項。注意B項中private data，文中并沒有提到私人數據，是易錯項。
62.C 推理判斷題。根據第三段“Internet cmpanies’ cntrl f data gives them enrmus pwer. S they have a “Gd’s eye view” f activities in their wn markets and beynd.”可知，互聯網公司對數據的掌控使得它們擁有了很大的權力，說明數據會加強大公司的統治地位。
63.B 推理判斷題。根據倒數第三段“The first is that antitrust authrities need t mve frm the industrial age int the 21st century. When cnsidering a merger(兼并), fr example, they have traditinally used size t determine when t step in. They nw need t take int accunt the extent f firms’ data assets(資產) when assessing the impact f deals.”可知，以前介入的標準是看公司的規(guī)模，而現在是把數據庫的范圍考慮在內。
64.D推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段“Cmpanies culd be frced t cnsumers what infrmatin they hld
and hw many mney they make frm it. Gvernments with users’ cnsent.”可知，由于大公司壟斷數據信息，不利于小公司更好地服務消費者，也不利于政府開展工作。弱化這種壟斷將會給小公司帶去更多的發(fā)展機會。
【考點】考查科普說明文閱讀
26.【2017·江蘇卷】D
Old Prblem, New Appraches
While clean energy is increasingly used in ur daily life, glbal warning will cntinue fr sme decades after CO2 emissins(排放) peak. S even if emissin were t begin decrease tday, we wuld still face the challenge f adapting t climate. Here I will stress sme smarter and mre creative examples f climate adaptatin.
When it cmes t adaptatin, it is imprtant t understand that climate change is a prcess. We are therefre nt talking abut adapting t a new standard, but t a cnstantly shifting set f cnditins. This is why in part at least, the US Natinal Climate Assessment says that: “there is n ‘ne-size fit all’ adaptatin.” Nevertheless, there are sme actins that ffer much and carry little risk r cst.
Arund the wrld peple are adapting in surprising ways, especially in sme pr cuntries, Flds have sme mre damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mhammed Rezwan saw pprtunity where thers saw nly disaster. His nt-fr-prfit rganizatin runs 100 river bats that server as flating libraries, schls, and health clinics, and are equipment with slar panels and ther cmmunicatin facilities. Rezwan is creating flating cnnectivity (連體) t replace flded rads and highways. But he is als wrking at a far mre fundamental level: his staff peple hw t make flating gardens fish pnds prevent starvatin during the wet seasn.
Arund the wrld, peple are adapting in surprising ways, especially in sme pr cuntries, Fllds have becme mre damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mbammed Rezwan saw pprtunity where thers saw nly disaster. His nt-fr-prfit rganizatin runs 100 river bats that serve as flating libraries, schds, and health clinics, and are equipped with slar panels and ther cmmunicating facilities. Rezwan is creating flating cnmetivity(連接) t replace flded rads and highways. But he is als wrking at a far mre fundamental level: his staff shw peple hw t make flating gardens and fish pnds t prevent starvatin during the wet seasn.
Elsewhere in Asia even mre astnishing actins are being taken. Chewang. Nphel lives in a muntainus regin in India, where he is knwn as the Ice Man. The lss f glaciers(冰川)there due t glbal warming represents an enrmus threat t agriculture. Withut the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crps. Nrphel’s inspiratin cme frm seeing the waste f water ver winter, when it was nt needed. He directed the wasted water int shallw basins where it frze, and was stred until the spring. His fields f ice supply perfectly timed irrigatin(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves. Nphel calculates that he has stred abut 200, 000m3 f water. Climate change is a cntinuing prcess, s Nrhel’s ice reserves will nt last frever. Warming will vertake them. But he is prviding a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able t find ther means f adapting.
Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cl the planet. In suthern Spain the sudden increase f greenhuses (which reflect light back t space) has changed the warming trend lcally, and actually cled the regin. While Spain as a whle is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhuses have decreased. This example shuld act as an inspiratin fr all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slw dwn the warming prcess.
In Peni, lcal farmers arund a muntain with a glacier that has already fallen victim t climate change have begun painting the entire muntain peak white in the hpe that the added reflectiveness will restre the life-giving ice. The utcme is still far frm clear, But the Wrld Bank has included the prject n its f ‘100 ideas t save the planet”.
Mre rdinary frms f adaptatin are happening everywhere. A friend f mine wns an area f land in western Victria. Over five generatins the land has been t wet fr crpping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allws him t plant highly prfitable crps. Farmers in many cuntries are als adapting like this—either by grwing new prduce, r by grwing the same things differently. This is cmmn sense, But sme suggestins fr adapting are nt. When the plluting industries argue that we’ve lst the battle t cntrl carbn pllutin and have n chice but t adapt, it’s a nnsense designed t make the case fr business as usual.
Human beings will cntinue t adapt t the changing climate in bth rdinary and astnishing ways. But the mst sensible frm f adaptatin is surely t adapt ur energy systems t emit less carbn pllutin. After all, if we adapt in the way, we may avid the need t change in s many thers.
65.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies .
A. adaptatin is an ever-changing prcessB. the cst f adaptatin varies with time
C. glbal warming affects adaptatin frmsD. adaptatin t climate change is challenging
66.What is special with regard t Rezwan’s prject?
A. The prject receives gvernment supprt.B. Different rganizatins wrk with each ther.
C. His rganizatin makes the best f a bad situatin.D. The prject cnnects flded rads and highways.
67.What did the Ice Man d t reduce the effect f glbal warming?
A. String ice fr future use.B. Prtecting the glaciers frm melting.
C. Changing the irrigatin time.D. Pstpning the melting f the glaciers.
68.What d we learn frm the Peru example?
A. White paint is usually safe fr buildings.B. The glbal warming tread cannt be stpped.
C. This cuntry is heating up t quickly.D. Sunlight reflectin may relieve glbal warming.
69.Accrding t the authr, plluting industries shuld .
A. adapt t carbn pllutinB. plant highly prfitable crps
C. leave carbn emissin alneD. fight against carbn pllutin
70.What’s the authr’s preferred slutin t glbal warming?
A. setting up a new standard.B. Reducing carbn emissin.
C. Adapting t climate change.D. Mnitring plluting industries.
【答案】65. A 66. C 67. A 68.D 69.D 70. B
【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了世界各地應對全球變暖的方法。
66. C 細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段“Mhammed Rezwan saw pprtunity where thers saw nly disaster.”可知，Rezwan會從危機中看到機遇，會充分利用現有條件。
67. A 細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段“Nrphel’s inspiratin cme frm seeing the waste f water ver winter, when it was nt needed. He directed the wasted water int shallw basins where it frze, and was stred until the spring. ”可知，把冰川融化后的水儲存起來以備不時之需，是減少氣候變暖危害的方法之一。
68. D 推理判斷題。根據倒數第四段“By painting buildings white, cities may slw dwn the warming prcess.”和倒數第三段“painting the entire muntain peak white in the hpe that the added reflectiveness will restre the life-giving ice”可知，將墻壁涂成白色是利用了光的反射原理，這樣可以緩解氣候變暖。
69. D 推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段“When the plluting industries argue that we’ve lst the battle t cntrl carbn pllutin and have n chice but t adapt, it’s a nnsense”可知，作者不贊成“我們已經在與碳污染的斗爭中失敗了”這樣的說法，說明作者建議污染企業(yè)行動起來。
70. B推理判斷題。根據最后一段“But the mst sensible frm f adaptatin is surely t adapt ur energy systems t emit less carbn pllutin.”可知，作者認為，最合理的方法仍然是減少二氧化碳的排放。
【考點】環(huán)保類短文閱讀
Activity
Descriptin
Member f staff
Cst
Outdr Adventure (OUT)
Take yurself ut f yur cmfrt zne fr a week, discver new persnal qualities, and learn new skills. Yu will be able t take part in a number f activities frm caneing t wild camping n Dartmr. Learn rck climbing and wrk as a team, and enjy the great utdr envirnment.
Mr. Clemens
￡140
WWI Battlefields
and Paris
(WBP)
On Mnday we travel t Lndn. After staying vernight in Lndn, we travel n Day 2 t nrthern France t visit the Wrld War I battlefields. On Day 3 we crss int Belgium. Thursday sees us make the shrt jurney t Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late t see the parade and the firewrks. Our final day, Friday, sees us visit central Paris and tur the main sights.
Mrs. Milsn
￡425
Crafty
Fxes
(CRF)
Fur days f prduct design centred arund textiles. Making lvely bjects using recycled and made materials. Bags, cushins and decratinsLearn skills and leave with mdern and unusual textiles.
Mrs. Gde
￡30
Ptty abut Ptter
(POT)
Visit Warner Brs Studi, shp stp t buy picnic, stay vernight in an apprved Yuth Hstel in Streatley-n -Thames, guided tur f Oxfrd t see the film lcatins, picnic lunch utside Oxfrd’s Christchurch, bating n the River Cherwell thrugh the University Parks, befre heading back t Exeter.
Miss Drake
￡150

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