Ⅰ. Listening Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
1. A. She will run after the man. B. She can’t run faster.
C. She will beat the man in running. D. She desn’t like running.
2. A. She desn’t knw when the train leaves. B. It desn’t matter where the man ges fr hliday.
C. She wants the man t make up his mind himself. D. It’s nt necessary fr the man t wrry.
3. A. T visit sme lcal cmpanies. B. T help the cmpanies recruit students.
C. T knw mre abut the cmpanies. D. T apply fr a jb.
4. A. At the airprt. B. In a restaurant. C. In a bank. D. At the htel receptin.
5. A. Read sme instructin bks. B. Search fr prfessinal help.
C. Study a cmputer prgram. D. Set up a cmputer themselves.
6. A. She wants t get sme rest. B. She needs time t write a paper.
C. She has a literature class t attend. D. She has truble ging t sleep at night.
7. A. She will have chclate cake. B. She will try apple pie with ice cream.
C. She wn’t have any dessert. D. She wn’t suggest what t rder.
8. A. Her brther can help the man rent an apartment.
B. The man can stay in her brther’s apartment.
C. Her brther can find the man a cheaper htel.
D. The man can rent her brther’s apartment.
9. A. She desn’t knw whether Prf. Brwn will return.
B. The man shuldn’t be late fr his afternn class.
C. She can help the man get t Prf. Brwn later.
D. The man shuld g t Prf. Brwn’s classrm.
10. A. Alice didn’t seem t be nervus during her perfrmance.
B. The man didn’t enjy Alice’s perfrmance very much.
C. Alice needs mre training befre playing fr peple.
D. The man admired Alice fr her wnderful skills.
Sectin B
Directins: In Sectin B, yu will hear tw passages and ne lnger cnversatin. After each passage and cnversatin, yu will be asked several questins. The passages and the cnversatin will be read twice, but the questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 13 are based n the fllwing passage.
11. A. She didn’t prepare well fr it. B. She didn’t like the tpic f histry.
C. She thught she lked flish. D. She frgt t d it n that day.
12. A. She was nervus in frnt f peple. B. She felt the weather was t ht fr her.
C. She was in an vercrwded classrm. D. She wanted t answer questins in class.
13. A. Stp raising her hand in class. B. Frget abut the peple arund.
C. Avid staring at the windw r the exit sign. D. Make mre eye cntact with the prfessr.
14. A. He is very likely t shw up late fr his next class.
B. He has a prblem cntrlling his learned behavir.
C. He desn’t like his high schl life nr high schl friends.
D. He turns red whenever he talks t a girl.
Questins 15 thrugh 17 are based n the fllwing passage.
15. A. British sl stars. B. American pp singers.
C. Fur Liverpl bys. D. The yung f the 1960s.
16. A. Representing the yung. B. Audience participatin.
C. Praising lve and truth. D. Internatinal ppularity.
17. A. They were lked dwn upn by serius musicians.
B. They started frm selling wrds and music t stars.
C. They represented the painful struggle fr freedm.
D. The wrte abut a variety f things in their sngs.
Questins 18 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing passage.
18. A. Abut ne third. B. 40 percent.
C. Arund 130 billin tns. D. Nearly 15 percent.
19. A. Farms grw smaller prtins f fd prducts every year.
B. Grcery stres get rid f fd prducts that n ne buys.
C. Restaurants send buffet leftvers t hmeless peple arund.
D. Ordinary families thrw fd away because they are nt nutritius.
20. A. T feed 25 millin Americans a year.
B. T cut dwn fd wasted by 50 percent by 2030.
C. T make abundant fd supply a reality n Earth.
D. T prvide Americans with affrdable and nutritius fd.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vcabulary
Sectin A: Multiple Chices（請涂在答題卡相應(yīng)位置）
Directins: Beneath each f the fllwing sentences there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne answer that best cmpletes the sentence.
1. Learning that I culdn’t affrd the rent, my bss ______ me a mnth’s salary.
A. cmmittedB. chppedC. chargedD. advanced
【答案】D
【解析】
【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：老板得知我付不起房租后，預(yù)支了我一個月的工資。A. cmmitted承諾；B. chpped砍碎；C. charged收費；D. advanced預(yù)付，前進。根據(jù)上文“Learning that I culdn’t affrd the rent”可知此處指預(yù)付工資。故選D。
2. The curt decided t ______ the charge against the suspect as n slid evidence was fund against him.
A. fileB. answerC. drpD. assume
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：法院決定撤銷對嫌疑人的指控，因為沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)對他不利的確鑿證據(jù)。A. file把（文件等）歸檔；B. answer回答；C. drp放棄，終止；D. assume假定，認(rèn)為。根據(jù)n slid evidence was fund against him可知，沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)對嫌疑人不利的確鑿證據(jù)，所以撤銷指控，drp the charge意為“撤銷指控”。故選C。
3. Businesses are pushing the gvernment t pass new laws t ______ late payments f debts, a prblem that has been threatening their financial stability.
A. encunterB. cunterC. expseD. facilitate
【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：企業(yè)正在推動政府通過新的法律來對抗拖欠債務(wù)問題，這個問題一直威脅著他們的財務(wù)穩(wěn)定。A. encunter 遭遇； B. cunter 反擊，抵制；C. expse 揭露；D. facilitate 促進。根據(jù)句意可知，企業(yè)希望通過法律來對抗或抵制債務(wù)的遲延支付問題。故選B。
4. It was the lve and supprt f his family and friends that ______ him during his time in prisn.
A. sustainedB. bstedC. accmpaniedD. emerged
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：是朋友和家人的支持和愛讓她度過了人生中最艱難的時刻。A. sustained支撐；B. bsted推動；C. accmpanied陪伴；D. emerged出現(xiàn)。本句使用了It was… that…強調(diào)句型，被強調(diào)的部分是主語 the lve and supprt f his family and friends ，結(jié)合“during his time in prisn”可知，應(yīng)用sustain，表示這些支持和愛支撐她度過了人生中最艱難的時刻。故選A。
5. The wrld f advertising is bviusly less ______ by cnventin than the wrld f banking, allwing fr mre innvatin and experimentatin.
A. bundB. brderedC. bmedD. grasped
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：顯然，廣告界比銀行業(yè)受傳統(tǒng)的束縛更少，允許更多的創(chuàng)新和實驗。A. bund束縛，約束；B. brdered接壤；C. bmed繁榮；D. grasped抓住。根據(jù)后文“allwing fr mre innvatin and experimentatin”可知，與銀行業(yè)相比，廣告界受傳統(tǒng)的“束縛”更少，用動詞bind(約束)的過去分詞bund構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。故選A項。
6. Believe it r nt, newbrns are able t ______ between a man’s and a wman’s vice.
A. frecastB. discriminateC. integrateD. accmmdate
【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：信不信由你，新生兒能夠區(qū)分男人和女人的聲音。A. frecast預(yù)測；B. discriminate區(qū)分，辨別；C. integrate 融合；D. accmmdate容納。由句意和between a man’s and a wman’s vice可知，這里指新生兒能夠“區(qū)分”男人和女人的聲音。故選B項。
7. T this day, Michael Jrdan is regarded as ne f the best basketball players ever t have ______ the game, whse unmatched skill and exceptinal sprtsmanship inspire players and fans alike.
A. drawnB. gracedC. explredD. cmmanded
【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：至今，邁克爾·喬丹仍被視為有史以來最出色的籃球運動員之一，他無與倫比的技能和卓越的體育精神激勵著球員和球迷。A. drawn吸引；B. graced使生輝，為增色；C. explred探索；D. cmmanded命令。根據(jù)“whse unmatched skill and exceptinal sprtsmanship inspire players and fans alike”可知，這里指邁克爾·喬丹為籃球的發(fā)展增色不少。故選B項。
8. Accrding t the analyst, ______ pricing allws greater pricing flexibility by taking int accunt real-time changes in cnsumer demand.
A. dmesticB. dynamicC. initialD. earnest
【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：據(jù)分析師稱，通過考慮消費者需求的實時變化，動態(tài)定價允許更大的定價靈活性。A. dmestic國內(nèi)的；B. dynamic動態(tài)的；C. initial最初的；D. earnest熱切的，認(rèn)真的。根據(jù)后文“by taking int accunt real-time changes in cnsumer demand”可知，此處是指“動態(tài)定價”能考慮到消費者需求的實時變化，允許更大的定價靈活性，用形容詞dynamic作定語。故選B項。
9. The man arrived fr the ceremny with ld jackets and ______ jeans that the average persn wuld save fr mwing the lawn in his garden at the weekend.
A. fadedB. humbleC. equivalentD. fine
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這個人來參加典禮時穿著舊夾克和褪色的牛仔褲，這種裝扮一般人只在周末修剪花園草坪時才會穿。A. faded褪色的；B. humble謙卑的；C. equivalent相等的；D. fine好的。根據(jù)“l(fā)d jackets”以及后文“that the average persn wuld save fr mwing the lawn in his garden at the weekend”可知，他穿著“褪色的”牛仔褲來參加典禮，這種裝扮很隨意，就像一般人只在周末修剪花園草坪時穿的那樣。故選A項。
10. There is n quicker way t ______ a wrd t a respectable principle, system and mvement than t stick t the end f it the suffix “-ism”.
A. cinB. exchangeC. elevateD. cnfuse
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：要將一個詞提升為一個受人尊敬的原則、體系和運動，沒有比在末尾加上后綴“-ism”更快的方法了。A. cin創(chuàng)造；B. exchange交換； C. elevate提升；D. cnfuse迷惑。由句意和t a respectable principle, system and mvement可知，這里指把一個詞“提升”到一個新的高度。故選C項。
Sectin B:（請寫在答題紙相應(yīng)位置）
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Try New Fruit. The Weirder, the Better.
As a kid, I ften had nsebleeds. My parents blamed all the fruits I ate that gave me “excessive heat” — especially the lychees, my favrite. It didn’t stp me frm wlfing them dwn ____11____ the dzen, hwever. After we settled in a suburb f Quebec City, lychees became harder t find, and thus an infrequent treat.
____12____ I’ve grwn lder, my bsessin with extic fruit has intensified — the weirder, the better. ____13____ natural r genetically mdified, beautiful r misshapen, every new fruit expands my understanding f the wrld and enriches my experience within it. Just when I think I have encuntered every natural smell, a fruit named lul appears at my favrite stre. Part pineapple juice and part rhubarb-flavred gummy, it’s a scent s rare that I’d rather believe it was picked frm a fd scientist’s imaginatin ____14____ accept that it just happens t grw in sme peple’s backyards.
There’s a line in a Jack Gilbert pem that has inhabited a crner in my brain since I was a teenager. “What lasted is what the sul ate; the way a child knws the wrld is by putting it part by part int his muth.” I think f the line ____15____ I prepare t eat a new fruit. Each tasting is a chance t be reunited with my inner child, t be left wide-eyed as I get t knw it, part by part. Fr me, the experience is n less expansive than seeing the cean fr the first time. Yu catch yurself ____16____(wnder) what else this wrld has been hiding and what beauty it’s capable f. ____17____ tasked with naming these fruits appear t be equally under a spell, prducing simple yet charming names like ice cream bean and dragn fruit.
Mst fruits I try nly a cuple f times, but there’s ne t ____18____ I keep returning: the sursp (刺果番荔枝). At ripeness, it tastes like a wnderful cmbinatin f banana, strawberry and papaya. ____19____(wait) just ne mre day, thugh, and it starts t brwn, emitting a smell that registers mre like feet than fruit.
This rapid decaying actually cmfrts me. An appraching expiratin date is nly encuragement ____20____(taste) these jys as they cme. We, t, will sn wake up and find ur bdies sftened and bruised. Will we have let ur sweetest days g t waste?
【答案】11. by 12. As
13. Whether
14. than 15. when
16. wndering
17. Thse 18. which
19. Wait 20. t taste
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了打小喜歡荔枝的作者在成年后對異國水果更加喜歡，這些水果使他拓展了對世界的了解，豐富了他的經(jīng)驗，甚至還讓他有了“趁著還沒老去，珍惜美好當(dāng)下”的人生感悟。
【11題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：然而，這并沒有阻止我把它們一打一打地吞下去。by the dzen“按打計算”，固定短語，故填by。
【12題詳解】
考查狀語從句。句意：隨著年齡的增長，我對異國水果的癡迷越來越強烈——越奇怪越好。結(jié)合句意可知，此處指“隨著年齡的增長”，使用as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，首字母應(yīng)大寫，故填A(yù)s。
【13題詳解】
考查固定短語。句意：無論是天然的還是轉(zhuǎn)基因的，美麗的還是畸形的，每一種新的水果都擴展了我對世界的理解，豐富了我對世界的體驗。結(jié)合句意及“r”可知，此處是固定短語whether…r…，表示“無論是……還是……”，首字母應(yīng)大寫，故填Whether。
【14題詳解】
考查固定短語。句意：一部分是菠蘿汁，一部分是大黃味的軟糖，這種氣味非常罕見，我寧愿相信它是從食品科學(xué)家的想象中挑選出來的，也不愿接受它碰巧生長在某些人的后院。wuld rather d than d“寧愿做……而不愿做……”，故填than。
【15題詳解】
考查狀語從句。句意：當(dāng)我準(zhǔn)備吃一個新水果時，我想到了這句話。結(jié)合句意可知，此處指“當(dāng)我準(zhǔn)備吃一個新水果時”，使用when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，故填when。
【16題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在想這個世界還隱藏了什么，它還能有什么美麗?？仗幨琴e補，wnder和賓語yurself之間是主謂關(guān)系，使用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，故填wndering。
【17題詳解】
考查代詞。句意：那些負(fù)責(zé)給這些水果命名的人似乎也同樣被施了魔法，想出了簡單而迷人的名字，比如冰淇淋豆和火龍果。空處作主語，結(jié)合句意可知，此處指“那些負(fù)責(zé)給這些水果命名的人”，使用代詞thse，首字母應(yīng)大寫，故填Thse。
【18題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：大多數(shù)水果我只嘗過幾次，但有一種水果我總是吃，那就是刺果番荔枝。此處是“介詞+關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞是ne，關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語，使用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)，故填which。
【19題詳解】
考查祈使句。句意：不過，再等一天，它就開始變成褐色，散發(fā)出一種更像腳的氣味，而不是水果的味道。此處是祈使句，以動詞原形開頭，首字母應(yīng)大寫，故填Wait。
【20題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：一個即將到來的截止日期只會鼓勵你在這些快樂到來時品嘗它們。encuragement后使用動詞不定式作后置定語，故填t taste。
Sectin C
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
A basic weakness in a cnservatin system based whlly n ecnmic mtives is that mst members f the land cmmunity have n ecnmic value. Yet, these creatures are members f the bitic(生物的) cmmunity and, if its stability depends n its integrity, they are ____21____ t existence.
When ne f these nnecnmic categries is in ____22____ danger and, if we happen t lve it, we invent excuses t give it ecnmic imprtance. During the early 1900s, sngbirds were suppsed t be disappearing. Scientists jumped t the rescue with ____23____ shaky evidence t the effect that insects wuld eat us up if birds failed t cntrl them. The evidence had t be ecnmic t be valid.
A ____24____ situatin exists in respect f predatry mammals. Time was when bilgists smewhat verwrked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health f ____25____ by killing the physically weak, r that they prey nly n “wrthless” species. It is nly in recent years that we hear the mre hnest argument that predatrs are members f the cmmunity, and that n special interest has the right t kill them fr the sake f a benefit, real r ____26____, t itself.
Sme species f trees have been “excluded frm the party” by ecnmics-minded fresters because they grw t slwly r have t lw a sale value t pay as ____27____ crps. In Eurpe, where frestry is eclgically mre advanced, the nncmmercial tree species are recgnized as members f native frest cmmunity, t be preserved as such, within reasn. Mrever, sme have been fund t have a valuable rle in building up sil fertility. The interdependence f the frest and its ____28____ species and grund plants and animals is taken fr granted.
T sum up a system f cnservatin based slely n ecnmic self-interest is hpelessly unjust. It tends t ignre, and thus ____29____ t eliminate, many elements in the land cmmunity that lack cmmercial value. It assumes, falsely, that the ecnmic parts f the bitic cmmunity will wrk withut the unecnmic parts, which are nevertheless essential t its healthy ______30______.
【答案】21. J 22. F
23. K 24. H
25. E 26. C
27. G 28. A
29. B 30. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，主要講述了完全基于經(jīng)濟動機的保護系統(tǒng)并不利于生態(tài)保護，無論物種是否能夠給人類帶來經(jīng)濟價值，它們都有生存權(quán)利。
【21題詳解】
考查動詞。句意：然而，這些生物是生物群落的成員，如果其穩(wěn)定性取決于其完整性，它們就有權(quán)生存。根據(jù)上文中的“mst members f the land cmmunity have n ecnmic value”和句中的“these creatures are members f the bitic(生物的) cmmunity and, if its stability depends n its integrity”可知，大部分生物是沒有經(jīng)濟價值的，但這些生物都是整個生物群落的一部分，如果這個群落的穩(wěn)定性是以其完整性為基礎(chǔ)的，那么所有生物都有權(quán)生存下去。entitle意為“使有權(quán)利，使有資格”，為及物動詞，空前有are，entitle和they之間是動賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。故選J。
【22題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：當(dāng)一個無經(jīng)濟價值的物種處于嚴(yán)重危險之中，如果我們碰巧喜歡它，我們就會編造借口賦予它經(jīng)濟重要性?？仗帒?yīng)用形容詞，修飾danger。in danger意為“處于危險之中”。根據(jù)下文中的“sngbirds were suppsed t be disappearing”可知，這里表示處于嚴(yán)重危險之中，grave意為“嚴(yán)重的”。故選F。
【23題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：科學(xué)家們急忙救助，針對影響提出明顯不可靠的證據(jù)，大意是如果鳥類不能控制昆蟲，昆蟲會吃掉我們。空處用副詞，修飾shaky。根據(jù)上文中的“if we happen t lve it, we invent excuses t give it ecnmic imprtance”和句中的“insects wuld eat us up if birds failed t cntrl them”可知，我們會編造借口去拯救那些沒有經(jīng)濟價值但受人類喜歡的物種，這里編造的關(guān)于鳥的理由明顯不可靠。distinctly意為“清楚地，明顯地”。故選K。
【24題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：捕食性哺乳動物也存在類似的情況?？仗帒?yīng)用形容詞，修飾situatin。上文講述了關(guān)于鳥的例子，這里講述了捕食性哺乳動物的類似情況。parallel意為“相似的”。故選H。
【25題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：過去，生物學(xué)家有點過度研究這些證據(jù)：這些生物通過殺死身體虛弱的動物來保護獵物健康，或者它們只捕食“無用”的物種?？仗幱妹~作介詞f的賓語。根據(jù)空前的“these creatures preserve the health f”和空后的“by killing the physically weak”可知，這些生物捕食體弱者，以便保護獵物種群的健康。game意為“獵物”。故選E。
【26題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：直到最近幾年，我們才聽到比較誠實的觀點，即捕食性動物是群落的成員，沒有任何特殊利益集團有權(quán)為了自己的利益而殺死它們，無論是真實的還是虛構(gòu)的。根據(jù)空前的“real r”可知，空處應(yīng)用形容詞fancied，意為“虛構(gòu)的”，表示無論是真實的還是虛構(gòu)的。故選C。
【27題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：一些樹種被有經(jīng)濟頭腦的林學(xué)家“排除在外”，因為它們生長太慢或銷售價值太低而無法作為有前景的作物創(chuàng)收?？仗帒?yīng)用形容詞，修飾crps。根據(jù)句中的“have t lw a sale value t pay”可知，這些樹種銷售價值低，不是有經(jīng)濟前景的作物。prmising意為“有希望的，有前途的”。故選G。
【28題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：森林及其組成物種和地面動植物的相互依存被認(rèn)為是理所當(dāng)然的。根據(jù)空前的“the frest”和空后的“species”可知，這里指組成森林的物種。cnstituent意為“組成的，構(gòu)成的”。故選A。
【29題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：它往往忽視并最終消除土地群落中缺乏商業(yè)價值的許多部分?？仗幱酶痹~，修飾“t eliminate”。根據(jù)空前的“ignre, and thus”和空后的“t eliminate”可知，這里表示忽視并最終消除，強調(diào)過程。ultimately意為“最終”。故選B。
【30題詳解】
考查動名詞。句意：它錯誤地認(rèn)為，生物群落的經(jīng)濟部分將在沒有無經(jīng)濟價值部分的情況下運轉(zhuǎn)，而無經(jīng)濟價值部分對其健康運作至關(guān)重要。根據(jù)“the ecnmic parts f the bitic cmmunity will wrk withut the unecnmic parts”可知，這里指無經(jīng)濟價值的物種對生物群落的健康運轉(zhuǎn)很重要。functining意為“運轉(zhuǎn)”，是動詞functin的動名詞形式。故選D。
Ⅲ. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passages there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
In praise f anxiety
Nbdy likes t feel anxius. An entire industry has sprung up t aid us in eliminating it, frm self-help bks t cgnitive behaviral therapy. Yet with rates f anxiety disrders rising sharply wrldwide, it seems that ur effrts t ____31____ anxiety aren’t wrking.
But feeling anxius isn’t the prblem. The prblem is that we dn’t understand hw t respnd ____32____ t anxiety. This “bad” feeling isn’t a failure f mental health. It’s a victry f human ____33____, a respnse emerging with ur ability t cpe with the uncertain future. It was Charles Darwin wh saw that ____34____ emtins like anxiety ffers a prfund evlutinary advantage. Fear, ____35____, signals that yu may be in danger — frm a predatr r a bully — and readies yur bdy and mind t fight r take flight.
Anxiety, by cntrast, has nthing t d with ____36____ threats. ____37____, it turns yu int a mental time traveler, drawing yur attentin t what lies ahead. Will yu succeed r fail in a big jb interview? Anxiety prmpts yur mind and bdy int ____38____. Yur wrries frce yu t prepare thrughly fr the interview, while yur heart races and pumps bld t yur brain s that yu stay sharp, prepared t pursue yur gals.
Over the years, research has als shwn higher levels f dpamine when we’re anxius. We have lng knwn dpamine increases when an experience is pleasurable and als in anticipatin f ____39____. The fact that anxiety als bsts dpamine levels pints t its rle in making psitive pssibilities int reality.
Sadly, many f us feel verwhelmed by lasting anxiety and dn’t see any _____40_____ frm it. We have cme t believe that the best way t cpe is t get rid f it. But treating anxiety as a disease prevents us frm telling rdinary anxiety frm anxiety disrders, and creates huge _____41_____ csts when it cmes t using anxiety t ur benefit.
Here’s the difference between anxiety and an anxiety disrder: a disrder is nly diagnsed when ur ways f cping with anxiety disturb ur ability t functin nrmally in life. These prblematic ways usually invlve _____42_____, like never leaving a huse because we fear a negative evaluatin, r taking drugs t dull ur emtinal pain. They als invlve the belief that we can’t cpe with anxiety. Cuntless research shws when we instead are curius abut ur negative emtins, and learn t name them and _____43_____ them, they becme mre manageable.
Therefre, we need t develp a new mindset abut this misunderstd emtin. Reframing anxiety as a(n)_____44_____ and a valued part f being human isn’t easy. It takes practice and it desn’t mean anxiety becmes enjyable. Anxiety can’t d its jb unless it makes us _____45_____, frcing us t sit up and pay attentin. We dn’t need t like anxiety — just t use it in the right way.
31. A. cntainB. understandC. expressD. appreciate
32. A. rapidlyB. naturallyC. cnstructivelyD. cautiusly
33. A. behavirB. experienceC. intelligenceD. evlutin
34. A. intenseB. unpleasantC. cnflictingD. real
35. A. in generalB. n the ther handC. fr exampleD. in ther wrds
36. A. immediateB. cnstantC. ptentialD. deadly
37. A. CnsequentlyB. HweverC. MreverD. Rather
38. A. realityB. decisinC. wnderD. actin
39. A. requirementsB. changesC. rewardsD. threats
40. A. slutinB. benefitC. differenceD. lessn
41. A. pprtunityB. labrC. unexpectedD. extra
42. A. panicB. avidanceC. addictinD. absence
43. A. make sense fB. d away withC. take refuge inD. make up fr
44. A. cureB. praiseC. edgeD. emtin
45. A. fascinatedB. patientC. calmD. uncmfrtable
【答案】31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. C 36. A 37. D 38. D 39. C 40. B 41. A 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了沒有人喜歡焦慮，但感覺焦慮并不是一個問題，問題是我們對待焦慮的方式。
【31題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，隨著全球焦慮癥發(fā)病率的急劇上升，我們抑制焦慮的努力似乎沒有奏效。A. cntain包含，克制，抑制；B. understand理解；C. express表達；D. appreciate欣賞。根據(jù)上文中的“An entire industry has sprung up t aid us in eliminating it, frm self-help bks t cgnitive behaviral therapy. (從自助書籍到認(rèn)知行為療法，整個行業(yè)突然出現(xiàn)幫助我們消除它。)”可知，這里指抑制焦慮情緒的努力。故選A。
【32題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：問題是我們不知道如何積極地應(yīng)對焦慮。A. rapidly迅速地；B. naturally自然地；C. cnstructively建設(shè)性地，積極地；D. cautiusly謹(jǐn)慎地。根據(jù)下文中的“Cuntless research shws when we instead are curius abut ur negative emtins, and learn t name them and ____13____them, they becme mre manageable.”和“We dn’t need t like anxiety — just t use it in the right way.”可知，這里指積極地應(yīng)對焦慮。故選C。
【33題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是人類進化的勝利，是一種我們應(yīng)對不確定未來能力時產(chǎn)生的回應(yīng)。A. behavir行為；B. experience經(jīng)驗；C. intelligence智力；D. evlutin進化。根據(jù)下文中的“It was Charles Darwin wh saw that ____4____emtins like anxiety ffers a prfund evlutinary advantage.”可知，達爾文認(rèn)為焦慮情緒是一種進化優(yōu)勢，所以這里指焦慮是人類進化的勝利。故選D。
【34題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：查爾斯·達爾文發(fā)現(xiàn)，焦慮等不愉快的情緒具有深遠(yuǎn)的進化優(yōu)勢。A. intense強烈的；B. unpleasant令人不快的；C. cnflicting相互矛盾的；D. real真的。根據(jù)空后的“emtins like anxiety”和上文中的“Nbdy likes t feel anxius.”可知，焦慮等情緒是令人不愉快的情緒。故選B。
【35題詳解】
考查介詞短語辨析。句意：例如，恐懼表明你可能處于危險之中——來自捕食者或欺負(fù)者——并使你的身心做好戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑的準(zhǔn)備。A. in general總的來說；B. n the ther hand另一方面；C. fr example例如；D. in ther wrds換句話說。這里列舉了恐懼的例子，用來證明前面達爾文的觀點。故選C。
【36題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：相比之下，焦慮與當(dāng)前的威脅無關(guān)。A. immediate立即的，當(dāng)前的；B. cnstant不斷的；C. ptential潛在的；D. deadly致命的。根據(jù)下文中的“drawing yur attentin t what lies ahead”可知，焦慮是因為擔(dān)心未來的事情，所以和當(dāng)前的威脅無關(guān)。故選A。
【37題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，它會把你變成一個精神上的時間旅行者，把你的注意力引向前方。A. Cnsequently結(jié)果；B. Hwever然而；C. Mrever此外；D. Rather相反，而是。前面“Anxiety, by cntrast, has nthing t d with ____6____threats.”說焦慮與當(dāng)前威脅無關(guān)，這里說焦慮與擔(dān)心未來有關(guān)，所以是相反的兩種情況。故選D。
【38題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：焦慮會促使你的身心采取行動。A. reality現(xiàn)實；B. decisin決定；C. wnder驚嘆；D. actin行動。根據(jù)下文中的“Yur wrries frce yu t prepare thrughly fr the interview, while yur heart races and pumps bld t yur brain s that yu stay sharp, prepared t pursue yur gals.”可知，焦慮會使你的身心都采取行動。故選D。
【39題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們早就知道，當(dāng)一種體驗令人愉悅時，多巴胺會增加，預(yù)料有獎勵也會增加多巴胺。A. requirements要求；B. changes改變；C. rewards獎勵；D. threats威脅。根據(jù)空前的“when an experience is pleasurable and als in anticipatin f”可知，當(dāng)感受愉快或者受到獎勵時，會增加多巴胺。故選C。
【40題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：可悲的是，我們中的許多人都被持久的焦慮所淹沒，沒有看到任何好處。A. slutin解決方法；B. benefit好處，益處；C. difference區(qū)別，不同；D. lessn課。根據(jù)句中的“Sadly”和上文講述的焦慮帶來的好處可知，許多人因為沉浸在焦慮中，而忽略了焦慮的好處。故選B。
【41題詳解】
考查名詞和形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，將焦慮視為一種疾病會阻止我們區(qū)分普通焦慮和焦慮癥，并在提到利用焦慮為我們帶來利益時產(chǎn)生巨大的機會成本。A. pprtunity機會；B. labr勞動；C. unexpected出乎意料的；D. extra額外的。根據(jù)“treating anxiety as a disease”和“when it cmes t using anxiety t ur benefit”可知，選擇將焦慮當(dāng)作疾病去對待，救無法利用焦慮帶來好處，這會產(chǎn)生機會成本。pprtunity csts意為“機會成本”。機會成本是指選擇某種行為或決策時，放棄了其他可行選擇所產(chǎn)生的成本。故選A。
【42題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些有問題的方式通常涉及回避，比如因為害怕負(fù)面評價而從不出門，或者服用藥物來緩解我們的情緒痛苦。A. panic恐慌；B. avidance避免，回避；C. addictin癮，入迷；D. absence缺席，不在。根據(jù)空后的“l(fā)ike never leaving a huse because we fear a negative evaluatin, r taking drugs t dull ur emtinal pain”可知，因害怕負(fù)面評價而從不出門和服用藥物來緩解情緒痛苦，這些都是回避的表現(xiàn)。故選B。
【43題詳解】
考查動詞短語辨析。句意：相反，無數(shù)的研究表明，當(dāng)我們對自己的負(fù)面情緒懷有好奇，并學(xué)會命名和理解它們時，它們會變得更容易管理。A. make sense f理解，弄懂；B. d away with消除；C. take refuge in在……避難；D. make up fr彌補。根據(jù)空前的“are curius abut ur negative emtins, and learn t name them”可知，我們對負(fù)面情緒保持好奇心，給它們命名，并理解它們。故選A。
【44題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：將焦慮重新定義為優(yōu)勢和人類有價值的一部分并不容易。A. cure療法；B. praise贊揚，表揚；C. edge邊緣，優(yōu)勢；D. emtin情緒。根據(jù)空后的“and a valued part f being human”以及上文講述的關(guān)于焦慮給人類帶來的各種好處可知，這里是把焦慮當(dāng)作一種積極的事物，將其定義為一種優(yōu)勢和人類有價值的一部分。故選C。
【45題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：焦慮無法發(fā)揮作用，除非它讓我們感到不舒服，迫使我們坐起來集中注意力。A. fascinated入迷的；B. patient耐心的；C. calm冷靜的；D. uncmfrtable不舒服的。根據(jù)上文中的“it desn’t mean anxiety becmes enjyable”和空后的“frcing us t sit up and pay attentin”可知，焦慮讓人不舒服。故選D。
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
（A）
Nt lng ag I jined in a frum n the rle f the American press. The purpse f the frum, as I understd it, was t examine the respnsibilities f the media and t suggest the best ways t meet thse respnsibilities.
During the pen-discussin perid, a gentleman addressed a questin t a distinguished anchrman. Why, he asked, are the newspapers and televisin news prgrams s disaster-prne? The anchrman reacted as if he had been blamed fr the existence f bad news. Newsmen, he said, are nly respnsible fr reprting the news, nt fr creating r mdifying it.
It didn’t seem t me that he had answered the questin. The gentleman was just wndering why distrtins are mst reprted. The news media seem t perate n the philsphy that all news is bad news. Why? Culd it be that the emphasis n dwnside news is largely the result f traditin — the way newsmen and newswmen are accustmed t respnding t daily events?
Perhaps it wuld be useful here t examine the way we define the wrd news fr this is where the prblem begins. News is suppsed t deal with happenings f the past 12 hurs — 24 hurs at mst. Anything that happens s suddenly, hwever, is likely t be eruptive: a sniper kills a presidential candidate; a plane crashed int a muntain…
Fcusing nly n these details, hwever, prduces a misshapen picture. Civilizatin is a lt mre than the sum ttal f its disasters. The mst imprtant ingredient in any civilizatin is prgress. But prgress is nt eruptive. Generally, it cmes in bits and pieces, very little f it clearly visible at any given mment, but all f it invlved in the making f histrical change fr the better.
It is this aspect f living histry that mst news reprting reflects inadequately. The result is that we are under-infrmed abut psitive develpments and ver-infrmed abut disasters. This, in turn, leads t a public md f defeatism, which in themselves tend t prevent prgress. A persistent diet f eruptive news drains the essential human energies a free sciety needs.
I am nt suggesting “psitive” news be designed as a cuntermeasure t the disasters n page ne. What I am trying t get acrss is the ntin that the respnsibility f the news media is t search ut and reprt n imprtant events whether r nt they cme under the heading f cnflicts r disasters. The wrld is a splendid cmbinatin f heaven and hell, and bth call fr attentin and examinatin.
The anchrman was right in saying newsmen were nt respnsible fr shaping the wrld, but they are respnsible fr affecting ur attitude. News peple prvide us with the nly picture f urselves and the wrld. It had better be a true prtrait-and nt a caricature (漫畫)— fr it’s this picture n which we will base ur decisins and arund which we will plan ur future.
46. The authr learned frm the frum that ______.
A. the public tended t blame newsmen fr reprting nly bad news
B. there were cncerns abut the media’s t much fcus n bad news
C. the American press failed t deliver n its prmise t refrm the media
D. the public expected factual and unmdified news reprts frm newsmen
47. What des the authr suggest is the primary reasn fr the dminance f negative news cverage?
A. The news media wrks n the principle that all news is bad news.
B. News reprters are prfessinally trained t reprt daily disasters.
C. News traditinally refers t events that ccur suddenly within a day.
D. Reprting nly tragic events may blind the public t scial prgress.
48. Which f the fllwing statements might the authr agree with?
A. News reprters shuld give their attentin t a wider range f imprtant issues.
B. The cnflicts and disasters cause public despair and rb sciety f human energy.
C. Newsmen are duty-bund t create mre psitive news t fight against disasters.
D. Newsmen can strive t find a balanced prtrayal f events t shape the wrld.
49. Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
A. Why is all news bad news?B. Where is the news leading us?
C. Why is it time t create mre psitive news?D. Hw can the news media thrive against all dds?
【答案】46. B 47. C 48. A 49. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。這篇文章主要討論了美國新聞媒體的報道傾向，特別是其對負(fù)面新聞的過度關(guān)注及其對公眾態(tài)度和社會氛圍的影響。
【46題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Why, he asked, are the newspapers and televisin news prgrams s disaster-prne? The anchrman reacted as if he had been blamed fr the existence f bad news. Newsmen, he said, are nly respnsible fr reprting the news, nt fr creating r mdifying it.(他問道，為什么報紙和電視新聞節(jié)目如此容易報道災(zāi)難？主持人的反應(yīng)就好像他因為壞消息的存在而受到責(zé)備。他說，新聞記者只負(fù)責(zé)報道新聞，而不負(fù)責(zé)創(chuàng)造或修改新聞)”可知，有人擔(dān)心媒體過分關(guān)注壞消息。故選B。
【47題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Perhaps it wuld be useful here t examine the way we define the wrd news fr this is where the prblem begins. News is suppsed t deal with happenings f the past 12 hurs — 24 hurs at mst. Anything that happens s suddenly, hwever, is likely t be eruptive: a sniper kills a presidential candidate; a plane crashed int a muntain…(也許在這里檢查一下我們定義“新聞”這個詞的方式會很有用，因為這就是問題的開始。新聞應(yīng)該處理過去12小時——最多24小時內(nèi)發(fā)生的事情。然而，任何突然發(fā)生的事情都可能引發(fā)爆發(fā)：一名狙擊手殺死了一名總統(tǒng)候選人；一架飛機墜毀在山上。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為負(fù)面新聞報道占主導(dǎo)地位的主要原因是傳統(tǒng)上，新聞指的是一天內(nèi)突然發(fā)生的事件。故選C。
【48題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“What I am trying t get acrss is the ntin that the respnsibility f the news media is t search ut and reprt n imprtant events whether r nt they cme under the heading f cnflicts r disasters. The wrld is a splendid cmbinatin f heaven and hell, and bth call fr attentin and examinatin.(我想要表達的是這樣一種觀念，即新聞媒體的責(zé)任是找出并報道重要事件，無論這些事件是否屬于沖突或災(zāi)難的范疇。這個世界是天堂和地獄的完美結(jié)合，兩者都需要關(guān)注和審視)”可知，作者認(rèn)為新聞記者應(yīng)該把注意力放在更廣泛的重要問題上。故選A。
【49題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Nt lng ag I jined in a frum n the rle f the American press. The purpse f the frum, as I understd it, was t examine the respnsibilities f the media and t suggest the best ways t meet thse respnsibilities.(不久前，我參加了一個關(guān)于美國媒體角色的論壇。據(jù)我所知，論壇的目的是審查傳播媒介的責(zé)任，并提出履行這些責(zé)任的最佳方法)”以及這篇文章主要討論了美國新聞媒體的報道傾向，特別是其對負(fù)面新聞的過度關(guān)注及其對公眾態(tài)度和社會氛圍的影響。故B選項“這條新聞把我們引向何方？”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。
（B）
Belw are three sprts dcumentaries that make perfect viewing fr fans f sprting drama
N 1. Frmula 1: Drive t survive
The wrld’s httest sprt was barely n the radar f mst Americans — and then Drive t Survive arrived. Since its first release, the series has been credited fr the surprising rise in ppularity f the Eurpean racing assciatin, Frmula 1.
Over six seasns, it has taken fans inside every team and shwn the lives and preparatin f the wners, managers, and drivers, including superstars Lewis Hamiltn, whse headline-making race fr the 2021 title was at the center f Seasn 4. The series’ success has als inspired similar shws fr ther sprts lking t grab a bigger share f the glbal market.
N 2. Race t the Summit
This climbing dcumentary recrds the race between tw great climbers t secure the fastest time t cnquer the Alps’ great nrth faces. As with all climbing dcumentaries, nn-climbers will struggle t understand what drives a persn t risk his life like this, but the film’s stunning scenery and the athletes’ dedicatin t their sprt needs n explanatin. Viewers with fears f heights may want t steer clear, hwever: these shts are guaranteed t raise yur heart rate and take yur breath away.
N 3. Slaying The Badger
The 1986 Tur de France had a battle at its heart, ne between the tw fastest riders in the game. As defending champin, Bernard ‘The Badger’ was the hme her, a serius Frenchman wh was n stranger t challenges. The cmpetitr was his ppsite in persnality: the sunny American rider LeMnd, whse penness culdn’t cnceal a strng determinatin t becme the first nn-Eurpean t win the race. The nly truble was that the pair were members f the same team. This dcumentary is a fascinating study f the tw impulses f prfessinal rad cycling — individual glry versus team duty. And LeMnd, wh had played the rle f dutiful assistant the previus year, believed it was his turn t try the winner’s yellw jersey fr size.
50. What can we learn abut the dcumentary Frmula 1: Drive t survive?
A. It imprves Frmula 1’s glbal viewership particularly in Eurpe.
B. It ffers fans chances t g behind the scenes f Frmula 1 racing.
C. It leads t the rise f Lewis Hamiltn as a wrld-famus sprts star.
D. It helps ther similar sprts enjy a larger slice f the glbal market.
51. Which f the fllwing infrmatin abut Race t the Summit might be CORRECT?
A. The film is intended fr nn-climbers wh want t learn abut climbing.
B. The race between the climbers vershadws the scenic beauty f the Alps.
C. The film features splendid muntain views and thrilling scenes f climbing.
D. The film details the reasns behind climbers’ pursuit f extreme climbing.
52. What majr theme des Slaying The Badger explre?
A. The success stry f a yung cyclist defeating the defending champin.
B. The dminance f Eurpeans in rad cycling and the challenges they face.
C. The challenge f balancing persnal attainments with cllective respnsibilities.
D. The fierce battle between tp riders f different persnalities frm different teams.
【答案】50. B 51. C 52. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了三部體育紀(jì)錄片，分別是關(guān)于一級方程式賽車、攀登阿爾卑斯山北壁和1986年環(huán)法自行車賽的紀(jì)錄片。每部影片展示了體育領(lǐng)域內(nèi)不同的競爭與挑戰(zhàn)，適合體育愛好者觀看。
【50題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)N 1. Frmula 1: Drive t survive標(biāo)題下第二段“Over six seasns, it has taken fans inside every team and shwn the lives and preparatin f the wners, managers, and drivers, including superstars Lewis Hamiltn, whse headline-making race fr the 2021 title was at the center f Seasn 4.(在六個賽季中，它帶領(lǐng)粉絲深入每個車隊，展示了車隊老板、經(jīng)理和車手的生活和準(zhǔn)備工作，其中包括超級明星劉易斯·漢密爾頓，他在2021年爭奪冠軍的比賽是第四季的核心)”可知，這部紀(jì)錄片讓粉絲了解了Frmula 1賽車的幕后情況。故選B。
【51題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)N 2. Race t the Summit標(biāo)題下“but the film’s stunning scenery and the athletes’ dedicatin t their sprt needs n explanatin.(但影片中驚人的風(fēng)景和運動員對運動的投入無需解釋)”可知，這部影片展示了壯麗的山景和激動人心的攀登場景。故選C。
【52題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)N 3. Slaying The Badger標(biāo)題下“This dcumentary is a fascinating study f the tw impulses f prfessinal rad cycling — individual glry versus team duty.(該紀(jì)錄片深入研究了職業(yè)公路自行車賽中的兩大動力——個人榮耀與團隊責(zé)任)”可知，這部紀(jì)錄片探討了個人成就與團隊責(zé)任的平衡。故選C。
（C）
The recent trust crisis has led many scientists t take up arms t defend their enterprise, but in their attempt t fight back against varius frms f science denial, sme scientists say things that just aren’t true - and yu can’t build trust if the things yu are saying are nt trustwrthy.
One ppular mve is t insist that science is right - full stp - and that nce we discver the truth abut the wrld, we are dne. Anyne wh denies such truths is ignrant. Or, as Nbel Prize-winning physicist Steven Weinberg said, “Even thugh a scientific thery is in a sense a scial cnsensus (共識), it is unlike any ther srt f cnsensus in that it is culture-free and permanent.” Well, n. Science is a prcess f learning and discvery, and smetimes we learn that what we thught was right is wrng. Even a mdest familiarity with the histry f science ffers many examples f matters that scientists thught they had reslved, nly t discver that they needed t be recnsidered.
Anther ppular mve is t say scientific findings are true because scientists use “the scientific methd”. But we can never actually agree n what that methd is. Sme will say it is empiricism: bservatin and descriptin f the wrld. Others will say it is the experimental methd: the use f experiment t test hyptheses (假設(shè)). Recently sme prminent scientists claimed the scientific methd was t avid fling neself int thinking smething is true that is nt, and vice versa.
Each f these cmmnly-held views has its merits, but if the claim is that any ne f these is the scientific methd, then they all fail. Histry and philsphy have shwn that the idea f a singular scientific methd is, well, unscientific. In fact, the methds f science have varied between disciplines and acrss time. Many scientific practices, particularly statistical tests f significance, have been develped with the idea f aviding wishful thinking and self-deceptin, but that hardly cnstitutes “the scientific methd”. Scientists have bitterly argued abut which methds are the best, and, as we all knw, bitter arguments rarely get reslved.
In my view, the biggest mistake scientists make is t claim that this is all smehw simple and therefre t imply that anyne wh desn’t get it is dumb. Science is nt simple, and neither is the natural wrld; therein lies the challenge f science cmmunicatin. What we d is bth hard and, ften, hard t explain. Our effrts t understand and prtray the natural wrld are just that: effrts. Because we’re human, we ften fall flat. The gd news is that when that happens, we pick urselves up, brush urselves ff, and get back t wrk. Understanding the beautiful, cmplex wrld we live in, and using that knwledge t d useful things, is bth its wn reward and why taxpayers shuld be happy t fund research.
Scientific theries are nt perfect cpies f reality, but we have gd reasn t believe that they capture significant elements f it. And experience reminds us that when we ignre reality, it sner r later cmes back t bite us.
53. The qute frm Steven Weinberg is intended t ______.
A. illustrate that scientific theries are free frm cultural influences
B. stress what was believed t be true may turn ut t be false theries
C. shw even great scientists may be unfamiliar with the histry f science
D. serve as an example f the belief that science prduces permanent truths
54. What can be learned frm all the ppular pinins n “the scientific methd” mentined in the passage?
A. One way t make scientific discvery is ding experiments t bserve and describe the wrld.
B. Sme hld the scientific methd fcuses n prving hyptheses crrect thrugh experiments.
C. Sme suggest emplying the scientific methd t avid self-deceptin in scientific inquiry.
D. The scientific methd has evlved ver time and varied acrss scientific disciplines.
55. The underlined phrase “fall flat” in Paragraph 5 is clsest in meaning t ______.
A. fail t achieve a galB. lie n ne’s back
C. fall behind the timesD. rise t challenges
56. Which f the fllwing statements des the authr prbably agree with?
A. It’s pintless t agree n a single scientific methd as science is right in itself.
B. Science can’t supply abslute truths abut the real wrld, but it brings us clser.
C. Reflectin n the histry f science may help scientists restre public trust in science.
D. Making scientific theries easily understandable is the biggest challenge fr scientists.
【答案】53. D 54. C 55. A 56. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了在信任危機下科學(xué)家捍衛(wèi)科學(xué)事業(yè)時存在的問題，包括忽視科學(xué)是一個不斷學(xué)習(xí)與發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程，認(rèn)為某種單一的科學(xué)方法更好，以及將科學(xué)簡單化，同時指出科學(xué)不能提供關(guān)于現(xiàn)實世界的絕對真理，但它使我們更接近真理。
【53題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“One ppular mve is t insist that science is right - full stp - and that nce we discver the truth abut the wrld, we are dne. Anyne wh denies such truths is ignrant. Or, as Nbel Prize-winning physicist Steven Weinberg said, “Even thugh a scientific thery is in a sense a scial cnsensus (共識), it is unlike any ther srt f cnsensus in that it is culture-free and permanent.” (一種流行的做法是堅稱科學(xué)是正確的——到此為止——一旦我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了世界的真相，我們就完成了任務(wù)。任何否認(rèn)這些真理的人都是無知的?；蛘撸缰Z貝爾獎得主物理學(xué)家Steven Weinberg所說，“盡管科學(xué)理論在某種意義上是一種社會共識，但它不同于任何其他類型的共識，因為它不受文化的影響，而且是永恒的?！?”可知，Steven Weinberg認(rèn)為科學(xué)理論與文化無關(guān)，是永恒的，這支撐了前面提到的科學(xué)產(chǎn)生永恒真理的觀點，是對其例證。故選D項。
【54題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Recently sme prminent scientists claimed the scientific methd was t avid fling neself int thinking smething is true that is nt, and vice versa. (最近，一些著名的科學(xué)家聲稱，科學(xué)的方法是避免欺騙自己，使自己誤以為某事是真的，反之亦然。)”可知，一些人建議采用科學(xué)的方法來避免在科學(xué)研究中自我欺騙。A項“進行科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種方法是通過實驗來觀察和描述世界”與第三段中“Sme will say it is empiricism: bservatin and descriptin f the wrld. (有人會說這是經(jīng)驗主義：對世界的觀察和描述。)”不符，觀察和描述世界是經(jīng)驗主義的方法；B項“一些人認(rèn)為科學(xué)方法的重點是通過實驗證明假設(shè)是正確的”與第三段中“Others will say it is the experimental methd: the use f experiment t test hyptheses (假設(shè)). (其他人會說這是實驗方法：用實驗來檢驗假設(shè)。)”不符，實驗是用來檢驗假設(shè)的，假設(shè)有可能被證偽；D項“科學(xué)方法隨著時間的推移而發(fā)展，在不同的科學(xué)學(xué)科中也有所不同”與第四段中“In fact, the methds f science have varied between disciplines and acrss time. (事實上，不同學(xué)科和不同時代的科學(xué)方法是不同的。)”不符，科學(xué)方法在不同時代不同不意味著它隨著時間的推移而發(fā)展。故選C項。
【55題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線部分的上文“Science is nt simple, and neither is the natural wrld; therein lies the challenge f science cmmunicatin. What we d is bth hard and, ften, hard t explain. Our effrts t understand and prtray the natural wrld are just that: effrts. Because we’re human (科學(xué)并不簡單，自然界也不簡單；這就是科學(xué)傳播的挑戰(zhàn)所在。我們所做的事情既困難又難以解釋。我們理解和描繪自然界的努力僅僅是努力。因為我們是人類)”可知，科學(xué)和自然界都不簡單，人類在理解和描繪自然界上面臨挑戰(zhàn)，存在局限性。由此可知，我們經(jīng)常會失敗，畫線部分意思應(yīng)該與fail t achieve a gal“目標(biāo)達成失敗”意思相近。故選A項。
【56題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Science is a prcess f learning and discvery, and smetimes we learn that what we thught was right is wrng. (科學(xué)是一個學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程，有時我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)我們認(rèn)為正確的是錯誤的。)”、倒數(shù)第二段中“Science is nt simple, and neither is the natural wrld; therein lies the challenge f science cmmunicatin. What we d is bth hard and, ften, hard t explain. Our effrts t understand and prtray the natural wrld are just that: effrts. (科學(xué)并不簡單，自然界也不簡單；這就是科學(xué)傳播的挑戰(zhàn)所在。我們所做的事情既困難又難以解釋。我們理解和描繪自然世界的努力僅僅是努力。)”和最后一段中“Scientific theries are nt perfect cpies f reality, but we have gd reasn t believe that they capture significant elements f it. (科學(xué)理論并不是對現(xiàn)實的完美復(fù)制，但我們有充分的理由相信，它們捕捉到了現(xiàn)實的重要元素。)”可知，作者指出，人類在理解和描繪自然界上存在局限性，而且科學(xué)本身是學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程，其中也會發(fā)生錯誤，但科學(xué)理論的確可以揭示現(xiàn)實的某些重要方面。由此可知，作者的觀點可能是“科學(xué)不能提供關(guān)于現(xiàn)實世界的絕對真理，但它使我們更接近真理”。故選B項。
Sectin C
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the sentences given belw. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
What happened t the nble art f the manly cry?
One f ur mst firmly established ideas f masculinity (男子漢氣概) is that men dn’t cry. Althugh he might shed bitter tears at a funeral, a real man is expected t quickly regain cntrl. Crying penly is fr girls.
____57____ One study fund wman reprt crying five times mre ften than men d. S it’s perhaps surprising t learn that the gender gap in crying seems t be a recent develpment. Histrically, men rutinely wept. In dcuments f the Middle Ages, we find ambassadrs bursting int tears when addressing the king; in medieval rmances, knights cried because they missed their girlfriends. There’s n mentin f men trying t hld back their tears.
S where did all the male tears g? There was n anti-crying mvement. N leaders f church r state intrduced measures t discurage them. ____58____ Frm there, it was a shrt leap t the pker-faced heres f Ernest Hemingway, wh culdn’t express their grief by any means but drinking and shting buffal.
The mst bvius pssibility is that this shift is the result f changes that tk place as we mved frm an agricultural sciety t ne that was urban and industrial. In the Middle Ages, a typical village had nly a small number f inhabitants related by bld r marriage. ____59____ But frm the 18th century, the ppulatin became increasingly urbanized, and peple were living amid thusands f strangers. Furthermre, changes in the ecnmy required men t wrk tgether in factries and ffices where emtinal expressin was discuraged as time-wasting.
____60____ There’s reasn t believe that hlding back tears can be harmful t yur well-being. Research has suggested a link between stress-related illness and inadequate crying. S it might be better t return t the free-flwing tears f the past. When misfrtune strikes, feel free t cry until ur sleeves are saked. As the Old Testament has it: “They that sw in tears shall reap in jy.”
A. Nevertheless, by the Rmantic perid, masculine tears were reserved fr pets.
B. S it’s time fr men t give up being stne-faced and pen the fldgates.
C. If men cried, they did s with peple wh wuld empathize.
D. Nr did their cmpanins make fun f this public crying.
E. Yet human beings weren’t designed t swallw their emtins.
F. This isn’t just a scial expectatin; it’s a scientific fact.
【答案】57. F 58. A 59. C 60. E
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章分析了男人不哭泣的原因。
【57題詳解】
文章第一段講到男性很少哭泣。根據(jù)空格后的句子“One study fund wman reprt crying five times mre ften than men d.(一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，女性哭泣的頻率是男性的五倍)”可知，F(xiàn)項“This isn’t just a scial expectatin; it’s a scientific fact.(這不僅僅是一種社會期望；這是一個科學(xué)事實)”填入空格處和下文是順接關(guān)系，F(xiàn)項中的scientific fact和下文的ne study fund是對應(yīng)的。故選F項。
【58題詳解】
根據(jù)空格后的句子“Frm there, it was a shrt leap t the pker-faced heres f Ernest Hemingway, wh culdn’t express their grief by any means but drinking and shting buffal.(從那時起，就有了歐內(nèi)斯特·海明威筆下那些面無表情的英雄，他們除了喝酒和射殺水牛之外，無法用任何方式表達自己的悲傷)”可知，空格處的句子應(yīng)該提到某一時期或地點，從那里開始發(fā)生了變化。所以，A項“Nevertheless, by the Rmantic perid, masculine tears were reserved fr pets.(然而，到了浪漫主義時期，男性的眼淚是留給詩人的)”填入空格處，符合語境，下文的frm there指的是A項中的the Rmantic perid。故選A項。
【59題詳解】
根據(jù)空格前的句子“In the Middle Ages, a typical village had nly a small number f inhabitants related by bld r marriage.(在中世紀(jì)，一個典型的村莊只有少數(shù)有血緣或婚姻關(guān)系的居民)”可知，空格處的句子應(yīng)該提到在中世紀(jì)環(huán)境下，男人表達情感是什么情況，且與下文的變化“Furthermre, changes in the ecnmy required men t wrk tgether in factries and ffices where emtinal expressin was discuraged as time-wasting.(此外，經(jīng)濟的變化要求男人在工廠和辦公室里一起工作，在那里不鼓勵表達感情，認(rèn)為這是浪費時間)”形成對比，所以，C項“If men cried, they did s with peple wh wuld empathize.(如果男人哭，他們對感同身受的人這樣做)”填入空格處，符合語境。故選C項。
【60題詳解】
空格處是該段的主題句。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容“There’s reasn t believe that hlding back tears can be harmful t yur well-being. Research has suggested a link between stress-related illness and inadequate crying. S it might be better t return t the free-flwing tears f the past. When misfrtune strikes, feel free t cry until ur sleeves are saked. As the Old Testament has it: “They that sw in tears shall reap in jy.”(有理由相信忍住眼淚會對你的健康有害。研究表明，與壓力有關(guān)的疾病和哭泣不足之間存在聯(lián)系。因此，回到過去自由流動的淚水中可能會更好。當(dāng)不幸降臨的時候，盡情地哭，直到我們的袖子濕透。正如《舊約》所言：“含淚播種的，必歡喜收割?！?”可知，人們在該哭泣的時候，就應(yīng)該哭泣，哭泣是人類天生的。所以，E項“Yet human beings weren’t designed t swallw their emtins.(然而，人類并不是生來就能咽下自己的情緒的)”填入空格處，符合語境。故選E項。
Ⅳ. Summary
61. Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint（s）f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
The lng and winding career
Acrss the develped wrld, the wrkfrce nw cmes in varius shades f grey. Since2008, the average labr-frce participatin rate f 55-t 64-year-lds in develped cuntries has risen by eight percentage pints.
Many peple will be mre than happy t wrk lnger. A recent survey f 1, 000 British retired peple fund that a quarter thught they had stpped t early. It desn’t mean retirement lses its appeal. Retirement gives yu the chance t sleep late and avid the mrning cmmute. On a ht summer’s day, yu can enjy the sunshine; n a winter’s day, yu can avid the cld and rain. N lnger d yu have t sit thrugh endless meetings r check email bsessively.
But wrk has many benefits. As the survey reveals, it gives peple a purpse in life. The first mnth f retirement may seem pleasant, but bredm is bund t fllw. Grand plans t learn languages and travel the wrld can quickly fall thrugh. Furthermre, the friendship f clleagues prvides a scial netwrk; spending all week at hme can lead t lneliness.
Of curse, many peple are wrking lnger nt because they enjy what they d, but because they cannt affrd t quit. Cmpanies have been phasing ut pensins linked t final salaries and wrkers end up with a pt f savings at retirement that needs t be reinvested. The incme frm such pts has been reduced by very lw interest rates. Therefre, they need t keep wrking.
Hwever, emplyers may be held back. One in three 55-t 65-year-lds in develped cuntries either lacks cmputer experience r cannt pass technlgy tests. Such deficits can be tackled with prper training, rganized by the gvernment r by cmpanies themselves s that the ver-55s can becme silver surfers as their livelihd may depend n that.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The wrkfrce in develped cuntries is aging, with mre 55-64-year-lds jining. Many enjy wrking lnger despite retirement’s appeal. Wrk prvides a purpse and scial netwrk, while financial needs als drive this trend. Hwever, lack f cmputer skills may hinder lder wrkers, requiring prper training.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在許多發(fā)達國家，勞動力人口正在老齡化，更多的55至64歲的人加入了勞動力大軍。盡管退休很有吸引力，但許多人仍然喜歡繼續(xù)工作更長的時間。工作可以給他們生活的目標(biāo)和社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)，同時經(jīng)濟需求也是這一趨勢的驅(qū)動力。然而，缺乏計算機技能可能會阻礙老年工人的發(fā)展，因此需要適當(dāng)?shù)呐嘤?xùn)。
【詳解】1.要點摘錄
①Acrss the develped wrld, the wrkfrce nw cmes in varius shades f grey. Since2008, the average labr-frce participatin rate f 55-t 64-year-lds in develped cuntries has risen by eight percentage pints.
②Many peple will be mre than happy t wrk lnger A recent that a quarter thught they had stpped t early.
③But wrk has many benefits. As the survey reveals, it gives peple a purpse in , the friendship f clleagues prvides a scial netwrk.
④Of curse, many peple are wrking lnger nt because they enjy what they d, but because they cannt affrd t quit.
⑤One in three 55-t 65-year-lds in develped cuntries either lacks cmputer experience r cannt pass technlgy tests. Such deficits can be tackled with prper training.
2.縝密構(gòu)思
文章第一段講述勞動力老齡化的現(xiàn)狀；第二段講述許多人喜歡繼續(xù)工作更長的時間；第三段講述工作帶來的好處；第四段講述人們不得不繼續(xù)工作的經(jīng)濟原因；第五段講述老年工人缺乏計算機技能的問題及解決辦法。將第二段和第三段整合為一點，即許多人喜歡繼續(xù)工作，因為工作帶來好處；將第四段和第五段整合為一點，即許多人不得不繼續(xù)工作，因為他們負(fù)擔(dān)不起退休的費用，而且老年工人缺乏計算機技能，需要適當(dāng)?shù)呐嘤?xùn)。
3.遣詞造句
The wrkfrce in develped cuntries is aging. Many enjy wrking lnger despite retirement's appeal because wrk prvides benefits. Financial needs als drive this trend as many cannt affrd t quit, and lack f cmputer skills may hinder lder wrkers, requiring prper training.
【點睛】[高分句型1] The wrkfrce in develped cuntries is aging, with mre 55-64-year-lds jining. 這句話使用了with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，作為伴隨狀語，表達非常高級。
[高分句型2] Many enjy wrking lnger despite retirement’s appeal because wrk prvides benefits. 這句話使用了despite表示轉(zhuǎn)折，同時，because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句也清晰地解釋了人們喜歡繼續(xù)工作的原因。表達非常高級。
Ⅴ. Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
62. 我剛剛沖出教室，這時腳下一滑，重重地摔了一跤。（hardly）(漢譯英)
_________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Hardly had I rushed ut f the classrm when I slipped and fell heavily.
【解析】
【詳解】考查倒裝句和固定句型。根據(jù)句中的“剛剛……這時……”可知，這里用句型，主句一般用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時，hardly位于句首時，主句使用部分倒裝，將助動詞had提到主語之前；“沖出”可表示為rush ut f；“教室”可表示為classrm；“腳下一滑”可表示為slip，為不及物動詞；“重重地摔了一跤”可表示為fall heavily。故本句可翻譯為：Hardly had I rushed ut f the classrm when I slipped and fell heavily.
63. 在陽光明媚的午后，沒有什么比呆在寢室里打個盹更愜意的事情了。（than）(漢譯英)
_________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】There’s nthing better than taking a nap in yur drm n a sunny afternn.
【解析】
【詳解】考查比較級，固定句型，時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句意可知，句子描述客觀事實，時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，“沒有什么”用there be句型，翻譯為There’s nthing，“比……更愜意”是better than，“打個盹”是take a nap，用動名詞taking作賓語，“呆在寢室里”是in yur drm，“在陽光明媚的午后”是n a sunny afternn，因此整句話翻譯為There’s nthing better than taking a nap in yur drm n a sunny afternn.
64. 盡管本季度金價一路飆升，但絲毫沒有打消消費者對黃金飾品的購買熱情。（discurage）(漢譯英)
_________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Despite the fact that the price f gld has sared this quarter, it has nt discuraged cnsumers’ enthusiasm fr purchasing gld jewelry.
【解析】
【詳解】考查短語、時態(tài)和同位語從句。陳述過去事情對現(xiàn)在影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時?！按蛳呈隆庇枚陶Zdiscurage sth.；“盡管本季度金價一路飆升”翻譯為despite the fact that the price f gld has sared this quarter，名詞fact后接that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句對其進行解釋說明；“消費者的熱情”用cnsumers’ enthusiasm，“對黃金飾品的購買”用介詞+動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，表示為fr purchasing gld jewelry。結(jié)合其他漢語提示，故翻譯為Despite the fact that the price f gld has sared this quarter, it has nt discuraged cnsumers’ enthusiasm fr purchasing gld jewelry.
65. 這款角色扮演類游戲視覺效果逼真，互動體驗絕佳，自發(fā)布以來便贏得了業(yè)內(nèi)人士和玩家們的高度贊揚。（characterize）(漢譯英)
_________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】This rle-playing game characterizes realistic visual effects and excellent interactive experience, and has wn high praise frm industry insiders and players since its release.
【解析】
【詳解】考查動詞、名詞和形容詞。根據(jù)中文提示可知，表示“這款角色扮演類游戲視覺效果逼真，互動體驗絕佳”應(yīng)用句子This rle-playing game characterizes realistic visual effects and excellent interactive experience，其中This rle-playing game (這款角色扮演類游戲)，為主語；characterizes(使……具有特點)，為謂語，時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時表客觀情況； realistic visual effects and excellent interactive experience(視覺效果逼真，互動體驗絕佳)，為名詞短語作賓語；表示“自發(fā)布以來便贏得了業(yè)內(nèi)人士和玩家們的高度贊揚”應(yīng)用句子and has wn high praise frm industry insiders and players since its release，其中has wn(贏得了)，為謂語動詞，時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響；high praise (高度贊揚)，為賓語；frm industry insiders and players(業(yè)內(nèi)人士和玩家們的)，為介詞短語作定語；since its release(自發(fā)布以來)，為介詞短語作狀語。故翻譯為This rle-playing game characterizes realistic visual effects and excellent interactive experience, and has wn high praise frm industry insiders and players since its release.
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
66. Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in n less than 150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假設(shè)你是志越中學(xué)的學(xué)生胡一靜，你校正在考慮推出數(shù)字化校園應(yīng)用方案以提升學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)和生活體驗?，F(xiàn)有三個方案可供選擇，分別是“電子圖書館”、“虛擬實驗室探索”和“智能校園管理系統(tǒng)”。請你根據(jù)自己的興趣和理念選擇其中一個方案，并寫一封建議信給馮校長，說明你的選擇和理由。信件內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括以下方面：
1. 你選擇的方案以及該方案的主要功能和特點；
2. 你選擇該方案的具體理由。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One pssible versin:
Dear Headmaster Feng,
I am Hu Yijing, a student frm Zhiyue Middle Schl. I am writing t recmmend the “Virtual Lab Explratin” amng the three prpsed digital campus applicatins.
The Virtual Lab Explratin ffers interactive simulatins, creating realistic lab envirnments. It is highly accessible, allwing students t perfrm experiments anytime and anywhere. It als ensures safety by eliminating risks assciated with dangerus chemicals and equipment, and it is cst-effective.
I chse this applicatin because it enhances the learning experience by enabling cmplex experiments, deepening understanding f scientific principles. The interactive nature increases student engagement and mtivatin, making learning mre enjyable. Additinally, it prepares students fr future academic and prfessinal challenges by familiarizing them with mdern technlgy.
Thank yu fr cnsidering my prpsal. I lk frward t seeing the psitive changes it will bring t ur schl.
Sincerely,
Hu Yijing
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本篇書面表達屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考生根據(jù)自己的興趣和理念從學(xué)校正在考慮推出數(shù)字化校園應(yīng)用方案以提升學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)和生活體驗的三個方案——“電子圖書館”、“虛擬實驗室探索”和“智能校園管理系統(tǒng)”中選擇一個方案給馮校長寫一封建議信，說明自己的選擇理由。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
允許：allw → permit
與……相關(guān)：assciated with → cnnected with
此外：additinally → besides
建議：prpsal → suggestin
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復(fù)合句
原句：The interactive nature increases student engagement and mtivatin, making learning mre enjyable.
拓展句：The interactive nature increases student engagement and mtivatin, which will make learning mre enjyable.
【點睛】【高分句型1】The Virtual Lab Explratin ffers interactive simulatins, creating realistic lab envirnments.（運用了現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語）
【高分句型2】It als ensures safety by eliminating risks assciated with dangerus chemicals and equipment, and it is cst-effective.（運用了過去分詞短語作后置定語）
A. cnstituent B. ultimately C. fancied D. functining E. game F. grave
G. prmising H. parallel I. cash J. entitled K. distinctly

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