一、閱讀理解
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restre and prtect Marin's natural areas frm the Marin Headlands t Blinas Ridge. We'll explre beautiful park sites while cnducting invasive(侵入的) plant remval, winter planting, and seed cllectin. Habitat Restratin Team vlunteers play a vital rle in restring sensitive resurces and prtecting endangered species acrss the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
Grups f five r mre require special arrangements and must be cnfirmed in advance. Please review the List f Available Prjects and fill ut the Grup Prject Request Frm.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Vlunteers aged 10 and ver are welcme. Read ur Yuth Plicy Guidelines fr yuth under the age f 15.
Bring yur cmpleted Vlunteer Agreement Frm. Vlunteers under the age f 18 must have the parent/guardian apprval sectin signed.
We'll be wrking rain r shine. Wear clthes that can get dirty. Bring layers fr changing weather and a raincat if necessary.
Bring a persnal water bttle, sunscreen, and lunch.
N experience necessary. Training and tls will be prvided. Fulfills(滿足) cmmunity service requirements.
UPCOMING EVENTS
1．What is the aim f the Habitat Restratin Team?
A. T discver mineral resurces.B. T develp new wildlife parks.
C. T prtect the lcal ecsystem.D. T cnduct bilgical research.
2．What is the lwer age limit fr jining the Habitat Restratin Team?
A. 5.B. 10.C. 15.D. 18.
3．What are the vlunteers expected t d?
A. Bring their wn tls.B. Wrk even in bad weather.
C. Wear a team unifrm.D. D at least three prjects.
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the "wisdm f crwds" effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren't always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn't cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple's estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple's errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist(轉(zhuǎn)折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn't the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they "shared arguments and reasned tgether." Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr.
Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
4．What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The methds f estimatin.B. The underlying lgic f the effect.
C. The causes f peple's errrs.D. The design f Galtn's experiment.
5．Navajas' study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if ________.
A. the crwds were relatively smallB. there were ccasinal underestimates
C. individuals did nt cmmunicateD. estimates were nt fully independent
6．What did the fllw-up study fcus n?
A. The size f the grups.B. The dminant members.
C. The discussin prcess.D. The individual estimates.
7．What is the authr's attitude tward Navajas' studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted(分心) driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir," said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
8．Which f the fllwing best describes the ban n drivers' texting in the US?
A.Ineffective.B.Unnecessary.C.Incnsistent.D.Unfair.
9．What can the Textalyzer help a plice fficer find ut?
A.Where a driver came frm.B.Whether a driver used their phne.
C.Hw fast a driver was ging.D.When a driver arrived at the scene.
10．What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A.Advice.B.Data.C.Tests.D.Laws.
11．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A.T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B.Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C.New Yrk Banning Hand—Held Devices by Drivers
D.The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, "fd waste ges against the mral grain," as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth's cver stry. It's jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away—frm "ugly" (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte wits, "if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld."
If that's hard t understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time—but fr him, it's mre like 12 bxes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., Which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished(有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn't think. "Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn't eat." Curtin says.
12．What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
A. We pay little attentin t fd waste.
B. We waste fd unintentinally at times.
C. We waste mre vegetables than meat.
D. We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
13．What is a cnsequence f fd waste accrding t the text?
A. Mral decline. B. Envirnmental harm.
C. Energy shrtage. D. Wrldwide starvatin.
14．What des Curtin's cmpany d?
A. It prduces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rtten arugula int clean fuel.
C. It helps lcal farmers grw fruits. D. It makes meals ut f unwanted fd.
15．What des Curtin suggest peple d?
A. Buy nly what is needed. B. Reduce fd cnsumptin.
C. G shpping nce a week. D. Eat in restaurants less ften.
Is cmprehensin the same whether a persn reads a text nscreen r n paper? And are listening t and viewing cntent as effective as reading the written wrd when cvering the same material? The answers t bth questins are ften "n". The reasns relate t a variety f factrs, including reduced cncentratin, an entertainment mindset (心態(tài)) and a tendency t multitask while cnsuming digital cntent.
When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre, learning is generally mre successful when it's n paper than nscreen. A large amunt f research cnfirms this finding. The benefits f print reading particularly shine thrugh when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage-t nes that require mental abstractin—such as drawing inferences frm a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related t paper's physical prperties. With paper, there is a literal laying n f hands, alng with the visual gegraphy f distinct pages. Peple ften link their memry f what they've read t hw far int the bk it was r where it was n the page.
But equally imprtant is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have prpsed a thery called "shallwing hypthesis (假說)." Accrding t this thery, peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt s serius, and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.
Audi (音頻) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies -say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn. Hwever, psychlgists have demnstrated that when adults read news stries, they remember mre f the cntent than if they listen t r view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn't assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.
16．What des the underlined phrase "shine thrugh" in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Seem unlikely t last.B. Seem hard t explain.
C. Becme ready t use.D. Becme easy t ntice.
17．What des the shallwing hypthesis assume?
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B. Digital texts are simpler t understand.
C. Peple select digital texts randmly.
D. Digital texts are suitable fr scial media.
18．Why are audi and vide increasingly used by university teachers?
A. They can hld students' attentin.B. They are mre cnvenient t prepаre.
C. They help develp advanced skills.D. They are mre infrmative than text.
19．What des the authr imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students shuld apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers shuld prduce their wn teaching material.
C. Print texts cannt be entirely replaced in educatin.
D. Educatin utside the classrm cannt be ignred.
Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill’s students live in neighbrhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgram evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes. “We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
20．What d we knw abut Abby Jaramill?
A. She used t be a health wrker.B. She grew up in a lw-incme family.
C. She wns a fast fd restaurant.D. She is an initiatr f Urban Spruts.
21．What was a prblem facing Jaramill at the start f the prgram?
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her.B. Students had little time fr her classes.
C. Sme kids disliked garden wrk.D. There was n space fr schl gardens.
22．Which f the fllwing best describes the impact f the prgram?
A. Far-reaching.B. Predictable.C. Shrt-lived.D. Unidentifiable.
23．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Rescuing Schl GardensB. Experiencing Cuntry Life
C. Grwing Vegetable LversD. Changing Lcal Landscape
An Australian prfessr is develping a rbt t mnitr the health f grazing cattle, a develpment that culd bring big changes t a prfessin that's relied largely n a lw-tech apprach fr decades but is facing a labr shrtage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a prfessr at the University f Sydney, sees rbts as necessary given hw cattlemen are aging. He is building a fur-wheeled rbt that will run n slar and electric pwer. It will use cameras and sensrs t mnitr the animals. A cmputer system will analyze the vide t determine whether a cw is sick. Radi tags(標(biāo)簽) n the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality f grassland will be tracked by mnitring the shape, clr and texture(質(zhì)地) f grass. That way, cattlemen will knw whether they need t mve their cattle t anther field fr nutritin purpses.
Machines have largely taken ver planting, watering and harvesting crps such as cm and wheat, but the mnitring f cattle has gne thrugh fewer changes.
Fr Texas cattleman Pete Bnds, it's increasingly difficult t find wrkers interested in watching cattle. But Bnds desn't believe a rbt is right fr the jb. Years f experience in the industry and failed attempts t use technlgy have cnvinced him that the best way t check cattle is with a man n a hrse. Bnds, wh bught his first cattle almst 50 years ag, still has each f his cwbys inspect 300 r 400 cattle daily and lk fr signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see mre prmise in rbts. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president f the Oklahma Cattlemen's Assciatin, said a rbt culd be extremely useful given rising cncerns abut cattle theft. Cattle tend t be kept in remte places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
24．What is a prblem with the cattle-raising industry?
A.Sil pllutin.B.Lack f wrkers.C.Aging machines.D.Lw prfitability.
25．What will Sukkarieh's rbt be able t d?
A.Mnitr the quality f grass.B.Cure the diseased cattle.
C.Mve cattle t anther field.D.Predict weather changes.
26．Why des Pete Bnds still hire cwbys t watch cattle?
A.He wants t help them earn a living.
B.He thinks men can d the jb better.
C.He is inexperienced in using rbts.
D.He enjys the traditinal way f life.
27．Hw may rbts help with cattle watching accrding t Michael Kelsey?
A.Increase the value f cattle.B.Bring dwn the cst f labr.
C.Make the jb mre appealing.D.Keep cattle frm being stlen.
Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin(變革).
In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde(代碼) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades' prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
As we sn cme t learn frm AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will becme mre capable, mving frm the current generatin f "narrw-AI" t Artificial General Intelligence. Frm there, Campbell says, will cme Artificial Dminant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set ut t raise awareness f AI and its future nw—several decades befre these develpments are expected t take place. She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse.
Campbell's pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI—the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders—s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it. She explains we are at a "tipping pint" in histry and must act nw t prevent an extinctin-level event fr humanity. We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with AI t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall.
AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it.
28．What des the phrase "In the wrng hands" in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. If read by smene prly educated.
B. If reviewed by smene ill-intentined.
C. If written by smene less cmpetent.
D. If translated by smene unacademic.
29．What is a feature f AI by Design accrding t the text?
A. It is packed with cmplex cdes.
B. It adpts a dwn-t-earth writing style.
C. It prvides step-by-step instructins.
D. It is intended fr AI prfessinals.
30．What des Campbell urge peple t d regarding AI develpment?
A. Observe existing regulatins n it.
B. Recnsider expert pinins abut it.
C. Make jint effrts t keep it under cntrl.
D. Learn frm prir experience t slw it dwn.
31．What is the authr's purpse in writing the text?
A. T recmmend a bk n AI.B. T give a brief accunt f AI histry.
C. T clarify the definitin f AI.D. T hnr an utstanding AI expert.
參考答案
1．答案： C
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Help restre and prtect Marin's natural areas"和"Habitat Restratin Team vlunteers play a vital rle in restring sensitive resurces and prtecting endangered species"可知，棲息地恢復(fù)團(tuán)隊(duì)的目標(biāo)是保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C。
2．答案： B
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING中"Vlunteers aged 10 and ver are welcme."可知，加入棲息地恢復(fù)團(tuán)隊(duì)的最低年齡是10歲。故選B。
3．答案： B
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING中"We'll be wrking rain r shine. Wear clthes that can get dirty. Bring layers fr changing weather and a raincat if necessary."可知，志愿者甚至?xí)趷毫拥奶鞖鈼l件下工作。故選B。
4．答案： B
解析：主旨大意題。通讀第二段可知，本段解釋了"群體智慧"效應(yīng)的底層邏輯。故選B。
5．答案： D
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple's estimates be independent."和第三段"when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals"可知，Navajas的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使團(tuán)隊(duì)成員的估計(jì)不是完全獨(dú)立的，平均準(zhǔn)確率依舊會(huì)提升。故選D。
6．答案：C
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段"Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they 'shared arguments and reasned tgether.' Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr."可知，后續(xù)研究的重點(diǎn)是小組的討論過程。故選C。
7．答案： D
解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段"Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus."可知，作者對(duì)Navajas的研究持支持態(tài)度。故選D。
8．答案：A
解析：推斷。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知,在過去的七年里,大多數(shù)州都禁止司機(jī)發(fā)短信,公共服務(wù)活動(dòng)也嘗試了多種方法來說服人們?cè)陂_車時(shí)放下手機(jī)。再根據(jù)第二段第一句"Yet the be getting wrse"可知,雖然幾乎使用了各種各樣的方法,但是情況卻似乎越來越糟糕了。所以這些方法是無效的。故選A項(xiàng)。
9．答案：B
解析：理解具體信息。根據(jù)第五段最后一句"The technlgy driving laws"可知,這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可以確定司機(jī)是否發(fā)了短信、發(fā)了郵件,或者做了紐約免提駕駛法不允許的其他事情。由此可知, Textalyzer能夠幫警官確定司機(jī)是否使用了手機(jī)。故選B項(xiàng)。
10．答案：D
解析：理解詞匯。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句可知,如果Textalyzer法案成為法律,人們將更害怕從而不敢在開車時(shí)使用手機(jī),即人們將改變自己的行為。由此可推知, smething在此處指代的是法律。故選D項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)"建議"、B項(xiàng)"數(shù)據(jù)"、C項(xiàng)"考試"都與原文的邏輯違背。
11．答案：B
解析：理解文章主旨要義。綜觀全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講了為解決司機(jī)在開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)造成分心從而引發(fā)交通事故的問題,紐約的立法者提出使用Textalyzer這一設(shè)備來監(jiān)控司機(jī)在開車的時(shí)候是否使用了手機(jī)。故B項(xiàng)最適合作本文標(biāo)題。A項(xiàng)"開車還是不開?三思而行"和C項(xiàng)"紐約禁止司機(jī)使用手持設(shè)備"對(duì)關(guān)鍵信息Textalyzer未提及,D項(xiàng)"下一代手機(jī):Textalyzer"則完全誤解了Textalyzer的作用。
12．答案：B
解析：理解具體信息。題干問的是"作者想要通過講芝麻菜的故事表達(dá)什么?"。根據(jù)題干可將解題信息定位于文章的第一段。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句可知, 更糟糕的是, 作者不假思索地買了太多東西; 作者本可以用扔掉的東西做六份沙拉。由此可知, 我們有時(shí)會(huì)無意中浪費(fèi)食物。故選B項(xiàng)。
13．答案：B
解析：理解具體信息。題干問的是"根據(jù)文本內(nèi)容, 食物浪費(fèi)的一個(gè)后果是什么?"。根據(jù)題干可將解題信息定位于文章的第三段。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知, 生產(chǎn)沒人吃的食物會(huì)浪費(fèi)種植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他資源, 這使得食物浪費(fèi)成為一個(gè)環(huán)境問題。由此可知, 食物浪費(fèi)的一個(gè)后果是環(huán)境危害。故選B項(xiàng)。
14．答案：D
解析：推斷。題干問的是"Curtin的公司是做什么的?"。根據(jù)題干可將解題信息定位于文章的第四段。根據(jù)第四段中的"Curtin is in fields"可知, 該公司回收食物并將其轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻】凳称贰Ｋㄟ^接受捐贈(zèng)和收集有瑕疵的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品, 回收了超過807500磅的食物, 否則這些農(nóng)產(chǎn)品會(huì)在地里腐爛。由此可推知, Curtin的公司把一些人們不需要的東西變成可以吃的健康食物。故選D項(xiàng)。
15．答案：A
解析：推斷。題干問的是"Curtin建議人們做什么?"。根據(jù)題干可將解題信息定位于文章的最后一段。根據(jù)最后一段中Curtin說的話可推知, Curtin建議人們減少食物浪費(fèi)。故選A項(xiàng)。
16．答案：D
解析：理解詞匯。讀題:題干問"第二段中畫線短語(yǔ)shine thrugh是什么意思"。A項(xiàng)"似乎不太可能長(zhǎng)久";B項(xiàng)"似乎難以解釋";C項(xiàng)"準(zhǔn)備好使用";D項(xiàng)"變得容易被注意到"。解題:本段第一句談到當(dāng)閱讀幾百字或更多字的文本時(shí),有紙化學(xué)習(xí)通常比在屏幕上學(xué)習(xí)更成功,接著談到大量的研究證實(shí)了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)。故畫線短語(yǔ)所在部分應(yīng)該是指從提出簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)向需要抽象思維的任務(wù)時(shí),這種有紙化閱讀的好處尤其明顯,也就是說很容易被注意到,答案為D。
17．答案：A
解析：理解具休信息。讀題:題干問" '淺化假說'假定了什么"。A項(xiàng)"讀者輕率對(duì)待電子文本";B項(xiàng)"電子文本更容易理解";C項(xiàng)"人們隨機(jī)選擇電子文本";D項(xiàng)"電子文本適用于社交媒體"。解題:根據(jù)題干中的shallwing hypthesis可以將答案定位在第四段中。根據(jù)第四段中的"which are ften nt s serius"以及"devte less mental effrt"可知在對(duì)待電子文本的時(shí)候,讀者通常不是很嚴(yán)肅,同時(shí)比閱讀紙質(zhì)文本時(shí)投入的精力要少,即讀者對(duì)電子文本不是很重視,答案為A。
18．答案：A
解析：理解具體信息。讀題:題干問"為什么音頻和視頻越來越多地被大學(xué)教師使用"。A項(xiàng)"它們可以吸引學(xué)生的注意力";B項(xiàng)"它們準(zhǔn)備起來更方便";C項(xiàng)"它們幫助培養(yǎng)先進(jìn)技能";D項(xiàng)"它們比文本提供更多信息"。解題:根據(jù)題干可將解題信息定位在第五段。本段第一句談到音頻和視頻比文字更吸引人,所以大學(xué)教師越來越多地改用這些技術(shù),故選A。
19．答案：C
解析：推斷。最后一段首先談到電子文本、音頻和視頻都具有教育作用,特別是在提供紙質(zhì)文本無法提供的資源時(shí)。"Hwever"后提到為了最大限度地進(jìn)行需要集中注意力和反思的學(xué)習(xí),教育者不應(yīng)該假設(shè)所有媒體都是一樣的,即使它們包含相同的詞匯。這與倒數(shù)第二段最后一句中的信息意思一致:當(dāng)成年人閱讀新聞故事時(shí),他們比聽或看相同的片段能記住更多內(nèi)容,也就是說有紙化學(xué)習(xí)在教育中是不能完全被取代的,答案為C。A項(xiàng)"學(xué)生們應(yīng)該應(yīng)用多種學(xué)習(xí)技巧";B項(xiàng)"教師應(yīng)制作自己的教材";C項(xiàng)"紙質(zhì)文本在教育中是不能完全被取代的";D項(xiàng)"課堂外的教育不容忽視"。
20．答案：D
解析：理解具體信息。根據(jù)第一段中的"says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts"可知,Abby Jaramill是Urban Spruts項(xiàng)目的創(chuàng)始人之一。故D項(xiàng)正確。
21．答案：C
解析：理解具體信息。本題問的是在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目初創(chuàng)時(shí)Jaramill面臨的一個(gè)問題是什么。根據(jù)第二段中的"The t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful" "sme are ff by the dirt"可知,這個(gè)項(xiàng)目剛開始時(shí)面臨的一個(gè)問題就是她的一些學(xué)生不喜歡干菜園的活兒。故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)(學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)不信任她)、B項(xiàng)(學(xué)生們沒時(shí)間上她的課)和D項(xiàng)(沒有空間給學(xué)校開辟菜園)在原文中都沒有提及。
22．答案：A
解析：推斷。根據(jù)最后一段可知,這個(gè)學(xué)校菜園項(xiàng)目不僅能讓學(xué)生吃得更有營(yíng)養(yǎng),而且還讓那些有情緒控制問題的學(xué)生感到成功。由此可推知,該項(xiàng)目的影響是深遠(yuǎn)的。故A項(xiàng)正確。
23．答案：C
解析：理解文章主旨要義。通讀全文可知,本文主要講述了AbbyJaramill發(fā)起Urban Spruts 項(xiàng)目,帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生種植蔬菜,學(xué)生們開始對(duì)園藝感興趣的故事。因此C項(xiàng)"蔬菜種植愛好者"適合作為本文標(biāo)題。
24．答案：B
解析：理解具體信息。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知,養(yǎng)牛業(yè)數(shù)十年來依靠低端科技,但是現(xiàn)在卻面臨勞動(dòng)力短缺的問題。故B項(xiàng)正確。
25．答案：A
解析：理解具體信息。根據(jù)第二段中的"The quality f grassland will be tracked by mnitring the shape, clr and texture(質(zhì)地) f grass"可知,通過監(jiān)測(cè)草的形狀、顏色和質(zhì)地可以跟蹤草場(chǎng)質(zhì)量。故機(jī)器人能夠監(jiān)測(cè)草的質(zhì)量。故A項(xiàng)正確。
26．答案：B
解析：理解具體信息。根據(jù)第四段中的"But Bnds desn't believe a rbt is right fr the that the best way t check cattle is with a man n a hrse"可知,他認(rèn)為機(jī)器人不適合做這份工作,最好的方法仍然是通過人力來完成。故B項(xiàng)正確。
27．答案：D
解析：理解具體信息。根據(jù)第五段中的"a rbt culd be extremely useful given rising cncerns abut cattle theft"可知,機(jī)器人在防止牛被盜方面非常有用。故D項(xiàng)正確。
28．答案： C
解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段"In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde(代碼) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades' prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable."可知，如果寫書的人不像Campbell那樣專業(yè)，這本書可能會(huì)像人工智能的計(jì)算機(jī)代碼一樣復(fù)雜。If written by smene less cmpetent(如果寫書的人能力不足)與劃線短語(yǔ)含義相近。故選C。
29．答案： B
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative"可知，這本書采用了一種接地氣的寫作風(fēng)格。故選B。
30．答案：C
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。?根據(jù)第三段"She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence"和第四段"Campbell's pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI—the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders—s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it."可知，Campbell建議人工智能的負(fù)責(zé)人和專家聯(lián)合起來，控制人工智能的發(fā)展。故選C。
31．答案： A
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it."可知，本文主要推薦了一本關(guān)于人工智能的書。故選A。
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