閱讀表達(dá)題要求學(xué)生閱讀一篇300詞左右的短文，并按照題目要求用英語組織語言回答問題要求考生能夠捕捉并理解文章中出現(xiàn)的具體信息，并結(jié)合文中的具體要求進(jìn)行回答。命題通常有細(xì)節(jié)表達(dá)題，詞義猜測(cè)題，推斷表達(dá)題，主旨表達(dá)題和開放題。
In 2016, Wanda Dench was trying t let her grandkids knw abut the family’s upcming plans fr the hliday and tried t send a text message t her grandsn. But Jamal Hintn, wh was a 17-year-ld high schl student and cmplete stranger t Dench at the time, received the text instead.
Once the tw Arizna natives realized the mistake, Hintn asked if he culd “still get a plate,” accrding t screenshts he psted n Twitter. Dench replied, “Of curse, yu can. That’s what grandmas everyne.”
Hintn shared the sweet cnversatin n scial media and the stry quickly went viral (瘋傳). They have celebrated Thanksgiving tgether every year since, always snapping phts and taking vides, much t the delight f many fllwing their stry.
This year, a very imprtant persn is missing frm the annual traditin — Dench’s husband, Lnnie. He died frm the crnavirus this spring. Wanda was able t be with him during his final mments.
Dench and Hintn thught abut the risks f hlding a Thanksgiving celebratin amid the pandemic (疫情期間), weighing if they culd figure ut a way t get tgether the day befre gathering with their wn individual families. But, they eventually cncluded the risk was t high.
In hnr f Lnnie, the friends instead held a small gathering n Friday. Dench, her actual grandsn, her daughter, Hintn and his girlfriend, Mikaela, gt tgether fr an early Thanksgiving meal. The event was a sharp cntrast frm the larger celebratins f years past.
“I didn’t want t miss Thanksgiving with Jamal,” Dench said. “This year is definitely different than all the years in the past.”
T hnr Lnnie, an empty seat and lit candle were placed at the head f the table. The belved husband wuld always say grace befre the hliday meal, s this year, Dench led the prayer.
“Thank yu fr all the blessings, and thank yu s much fr having Lnnie in my life,” Dench said as everyne sat arund the table. “I miss him, but I knw he’s in a gd place. S t everybdy here, I lve yu and have a wnderful Thanksgiving.”
1．What was the relatinship between Dench and Hintn at the beginning f the stry? (n mre than 3 wrds)
2．Hw d yu understand the underlined part in Paragraph 2? (n mre than 6 wrds)
3．Why was this year’s gathering a sharp cntrast frm the larger celebratins f years past? (n mre than 15 wrds)
4．Why did Dench lead the prayer this year? (n mre than 10 wrds)
5．What d yu think f Dench and Hintn's stry? And give yur reasns. (n mre than 20 wrds)
細(xì)節(jié)理解題：首先要仔細(xì)審題，然后根據(jù)題干中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞快速、準(zhǔn)確地在文章中定位相應(yīng)的語句，結(jié)合該語句（或其上下句）的內(nèi)容，用正確的格式進(jìn)行回答，答案內(nèi)容往往是固定的、唯一的。
主旨表達(dá)題：善于歸納文章、語段的主旨大意；善于查找文章中的主題段、主題句、關(guān)鍵詞和核心詞。解該類題時(shí)，注意一要緊扣能夠體現(xiàn)文章或段落主旨的關(guān)鍵詞，二要計(jì)言簡練。
推斷表達(dá)題：
①要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的線索。
②要對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行由表及里的挖掘加工，不能斷章取義，以偏概全。
③要忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，立足已知，推斷未知。
④不能主觀臆想，也不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。
⑤了解語篇結(jié)構(gòu)，重視文章的主旨，體會(huì)文章基調(diào)，所寫答案的內(nèi)容一定要立足于語篇內(nèi)容和主旨。
⑥把握句子間和段落間的邏輯關(guān)系，把握邏輯發(fā)展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音，揣摩出作者的態(tài)度。
⑦回答要緊扣題目，語言既要完整，又要簡潔，不要超過規(guī)定詞數(shù)。
猜測(cè)表達(dá)題：結(jié)合文章主旨大意、整合上下文語境信息進(jìn)行猜測(cè)，還要利用同義或者反義關(guān)系、構(gòu)詞法及語篇文脈關(guān)系等理解猜測(cè)其含義，有些題目需要對(duì)較大的上下文范圍進(jìn)行理解，甚至通過理解整個(gè)語篇進(jìn)行猜測(cè)判斷。
解題方法總結(jié)：
1、首尾段結(jié)合出主旨，然后主旨在心去做題。
2、在文章中找到能答題的句子，然后將句子改成符合答題要求的句、詞、或短語進(jìn)行做答，不要照抄文章原句。
3、注意合理合法的去答題，合理指的是依據(jù)文章，答即所問，合法指的是符合語法規(guī)范。
4、猜詞的題，盡量在文章中找有無近義詞替換詞，如果沒有再依據(jù)主旨和上下文語境自己找詞答，注意保持完全一致性。即詞性、形式、單復(fù)數(shù)等。
5、開放題，兩個(gè)問題用兩句答，依據(jù)主旨進(jìn)行做答，不要偏離主題。
Almst every cmmunity in the wrld has sme frm f rules and sme way f carrying them ut. A cmmunity is a grup f peple wh are united by a number f factrs, including gegraphy, language, and values. S why d we have rules, and what makes peple fllw them? Studies have suggested that the reasn we dn’t like cheating and rule-breaking is that fairness is prgrammed int ur brains. They have fund that the brain reacts in a particular way when we feel we are being treated unfairly. The findings cncluded that fairness is a basic human need alng with fd and scial cntact.
Our sense f fairness depends n the influences in ur culture, the immediate situatin we are in, and ur wn self-interest. Arriving at a feeling f fairness means cnsidering different, ften cnflicting, pints f view. Regardless f the disagreement, peple almst always need t cmprmise. But it can be difficult t arrive at a cmprmise (妥協(xié)) when there are cnflicting interests. This is why cmmunities have rules that everyne must fllw.
Scial cntrls are an imprtant factr in setting and fllwing rules. They influence the way we behave and can be internal r external. Internal cntrls cme frm within and are based n ur values and fears. Mst f us dn’t steal, fr example, because we believe that theft is unfair and wrng. In ther wrds, ur internal cntrls keep us frm behaving in ways that cause cnflict.
External cntrls include rewards and punishments. They d nt cme frm within but are implemented by an authrity — this culd be the gvernment, the plice, a teacher r parents, depending n the situatin. Rewards, such as jb prmtins, awards, and praise, are designed t encurage peple t behave and act in the interest f the whle cmmunity. Punishments, such as public embarrassment, fines, and even imprisnment can prevent peple frm acting against the cmmunity’s best interests.
Peple need their cmmunities t functin smthly. Because f this, humans mst ften behave in rderly, fair, and predictable ways. If there were n rules, the majrity f peple wuld prbably cntinue t interact psitively. Hwever, there wuld always be a minrity wh wuld nt, with serius cnsequences. This is why a sciety withut rules is unlikely t becme a reality any time sn — at least nt in the real wrld. (390 wrds)
1．Why d we have rules and fllw them?
2．Hw d scial cntrls influence ur behavir?
3．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then change it and explain why.
Our internal cntrl cmes frm rewards and punishments frm an authrity like ur schl.
4．If yu culd change a rule at yur schl/hme/cmmunity, which ne wuld yu like t change? Why? (In abut 40 wrds)
一、
（2023·天津河?xùn)|·統(tǒng)考一模）
When I was eight r nine years ld, I wrte my first pem. My mther read the little pem and began t cry. “Buddy, yu didn’t really write this beautiful, beautiful pem!”
Shyly, prud-bursting, I stammered that I had. She pured ut her praise. Why, this pem was nthing shrt f genius! I glwed.
I spent the best part f that afternn preparing fr the arrival f my father. But he did nt return until an hur late fr dinner. “Ben, a beautiful thing has happened,” my mther began. “Buddy has written his first pem! And it’s beautiful, abslutely amazing.”
“If yu dn’t mind, I’d like t decide that fr myself,” Father said.
That pem was nly ten lines. But it seemed t take hurs. I culd hear my father breathing. “I think it’s lusy,” my father said.
“Ben, these are the first lines f petry he’s ever written,” my mther was saying. “He needs encuragement.”
They quarreled ver it. I culdn’t stand it anther secnd. I ran frm the dinning rm bawling.
Up in my rm I threw myself n the bed and sbbed.
A few years later I tk a secnd lk at that first pem; it was a pretty lusy pem. But it wasn’t until years later that the true meaning f that painful “first pem” experience dawned n me. As I became a prfessinal writer, it became clearer and clearer t me hw frtunate I had been. I had a mther wh said, “Buddy, did yu really write this? I think it’s wnderful!” and a father wh shk his head n and drve me t tears with “I think it’s lusy.” A writer — in fact every ne f us in life — needs that lving-mther frce frm which all creatin flws; and yet alne it is incmplete, even misleading, finally destructive, withut the father frce t cautin, “Watch. Listen. Review. Imprve.”
1．Hw d yu understand the underlined part in Paragraph 2?(n mre than 8 wrds )
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2．Why did the writer’s parents quarrel at dinner?(n mre than 10 wrds )
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3．What did the writer think f his first pem when he grew lder?(n mre than 8 wrds )
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4．What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?(n mre than 15 wrds )
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5．What kind f parents d yu need in life?(n mre than 20 wrds )
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二、
（2023·天津和平·統(tǒng)考一模）
Learning utside f a classrm may still be a new thing fr many peple but nt fr Kamer ·Meli·Veseli, wh’s cmpleting his final year f high schl that way. His family mved frm Ksv t Switzerland, s he’s ding his cursewrk remtely and will take a big test with all f his teachers at the end f the year. It’s the ideal arrangement fr Meli since it allws him t manage his wn schedule and pursue ther interests in his free time. That’s where Spark and nline learning cme in.
Meli has always been a serius gamer, but he’s nt just lking t have fun. He likes examining the technlgy behind his favrite games and is curius t understand hw develpers create the graphics, textures, and special effects. He really wanted t make his wn games and actually did develp a cuple n Andrid but wasn’t satisfied with the results.
Searching fr nline curses that culd take his game t the next level, he fund Spark, and it was “ne f the happiest days f my life.”
But gaming isn’t the extent f Meli’s interests. He’s als a hpeful singer wh’d always lacked the cnfidence t sing in public. Then he tk curses n Spark and discvered exercises that culd help him lsen and relax his thrat and release his vice “10 times better in 10 minutes.” Nw he plans fr Switzerland’s versin f the TV shw “The Vice” in 2016! With Spark curses, Meli’s als brushing up n his drawing skills, which he picked up in his childhd. He finally created a perfect prtrait f his lder brther.
Wherever Meli’s dreams take him, he knws he’ll be able t find relevant curses n Spark: “The variety is unlimited — s many languages, all kinds f sftware, even things like meditatin and cultural lessns. Whatever yu want t learn, yu’ll find it n Spark.”
6．Accrding t the first paragraph, hw des Spark influence Meli’s life? (n mre than 10 wrds)
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7．When did Meli find Spark? (n mre than 15 wrds)
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8．What des the underlined phrase mean in paragraph 3?(n mre than 1 wrd)
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9．What des the furth paragraph mainly talk abut? (n mre than 15 wrds)
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10．What d yu think f nline learning? Give yur reasn. (n mre than 20 wrds)
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三、
（2022·天津南開·統(tǒng)考一模）
Why wuld human beings waste a third f their lives sleeping when they culd be ding mre imprtant things like lking after their families r wrking? Sme scientists believe sleeping helps recharge the bdy. while thers think it is imprtant fr strengthening newly frmed memries. Nw, there is new evidence which suggests that the purpse f sleep may be t frget sme f the millins f new things we learn each day.
The neurns in the human brain cnsist f fibers called dendrites (樹突). These grw as we learn new things and cnnect the brain’s cells t each ther at cntact pints called synapses (突觸). The larger the dendrites becme and the mre cells they cnnect, the mre infrmatin we stre.
In 2018. Giuli Tnni and Chiara Cirelli, bth bilgists at the University f Wiscnsin Madisn, suggested a new idea: The things ur brains learn each day result in s many synapses that things start t get a little messy. Sleeping allws us t srt thrugh (整理) the “nise” and dispense all the unnecessary infrmatin. leaving behind nly the mst imprtant memries.
Recently, the university’s research has prvided direct evidence t supprt the thery. The experiment invlved analyzing 6. 920 synapses in the brain shavings frm tw grups f mice ver a fur-year perid: ne grup had been allwed t sleep, while the ther had been kept awake and entertained with tys. The researchers discvered that the brain shavings f the sleeping mice had nearly 20 percent fewer synapses than thse that had been kept awake and entertained.
It was als evident during the study that the brain des nt shave every synapse. 20% f neurns remained unchanged: these were mst likely well established memries. Therefre. althugh we may be sleeping t frget sme f what we’ve learned, the brain “frgets” in a smart way.
Mst researchers believe clearing ur brains is nt the nly purpse f sleep.
Resting ur minds and bdies has als been fund t help with ther bilgical functins like strengthening ur immunity. Thugh scientists may never agree n a single reasn. they are all sure f ne thing — a gd night’s rest is essential fr ur health. S try and spend at least a third f yur day sleeping!
11．What’s the purpse f sleeping accrding t the new discvery?(n mre than 15 wrds)
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12．What’s the main idea f Paragraph 2?(n mre than 10 wrds)
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13．What des the underlined wrd “dispense” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?(n mre than 5 wrds)
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14．What agreement d all the scientists prbably reach abut sleeping accrding t the text?(n mre than 10 wrds)
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15．D yu think a gd night’s sleep will benefit yur next-day study? Please explain in yur wn wrds. (n mre than 20 wrds)
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四、
（2023·北京·一模）
One f the basic expectatins the public have f dctrs is hnesty. But what wuld yu think if I tld yu that research has shwn that 70 percent f dctrs admitted t lying t their patients? It is inexcusable, surely? Extremely unprfessinal and uncaring; a clear break f the dctr-patient relatinship. Sme f the lies tld included reassuring patients that their wives r husbands were still alive, when in fact they were dead. This seems unimaginable but, if I am hnest, I have tld exactly the same lie t several patients whse spuses had died. Mrs. Waltn was in her eighties and desperate t see her husband. She’d been in hspital after a fall and was in pain. She called ut fr him frequently and culdn’t understand why he wasn’t there t cmfrt her. She was becming mre and mre distressed and wuld try t get up t find him, despite being at risk f falling again.
“He’s n his way, dn’t wrry,” the nurses wuld say and this wuld calm her dwn. I cnfess I said the same thing t her. She’d smile and rll her eyes and say hw he was always late fr things and tell the same stry abut him being late fr their wedding nearly 60 years ag. But he wasn’t n his way. It was a lie. He’d died tw years ag. The truth, if I can use that wrd, is that it is a kindness t lie smetimes.
Part f the natural histry f many f the dementias, in particular Alzheimer’s disease which is what Mrs. Waltn had, is that the sufferer lses their shrt-term memry and the memry f recent events, but retains memries frm the distant past. Sufferers are trapped frever in a bewildering past that many realise bares little cnnectin t the present, but are at a lss t explain. It is very distressing and trmenting and many f the behaviural difficulties that I have encuntered in thse with dementia relate t them feeling upset, scared and cnfused that they are in a strange place, surrunded by strange peple, even when they are in their wn hmes surrunded by their family, because they have returned back t decades ag.
They lk at their adult children cnfused and wnder wh they culd be because they think their children are still tddlers. Hw des ne deal with this? I have had cuntless families break dwn in tears in utpatient clinics r n wards, nt knwing what t say r hw t react as their lved ne mves further and further away frm them back int their distant past and they are left behind in the present. And hw, as the dctr r nurse caring fr these patients, des ne manage the anger and utbursts f distress that cmes with having n knwledge f yur life fr the past 10 r 20 years? The lies that dctrs, nurses, carers and families tell these patients are nt big, elabrate lies — they are brief reassurances intended t calm and allw the subject t be swiftly changed.
Clluding (串通) with them abut this false reality they find themselves flung int is nt heartless r unprfessinal — it is, when dne in the right way, kind and tender-hearted. That’s nt t say that lying t patients with dementia unnecessarily is right r defensible r that there are nt times when f curse they have the right t knw the truth. But what cmpassinate persn wuld put anther human being thrugh the unimaginable pain f learning, fr the first time again and again, repeatedly thrughut the day, that their belved ne has died. It wuld be an unthinkable cruelness.
Smetimes, surely, hnesty is simply nt the best plicy.
16．Write a title fr this article.
17．Why d peple with dementia feel upset, scared, and cnfused even when they are in their wn hmes surrunded by their family?
18．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
The public expect dctrs t be hnest with their patients and the authr als believes that it is heartless and unprfessinal t lie t patients.
19．The authr says smetimes, surely, hnesty is simply nt the best plicy. D yu agree r disagree? Why? (In abut 40 wrds)
五、
（2022·北京房山·統(tǒng)考二模）
Is it pssible t imprve yur brain functin? The answer is “yes”.
Infrmatin in yur brain is cllected, stred and recalled by neural pathways. These pathways are respnsible fr yur abilities t slve prblems, remember familiar faces and tasks, withut paying a tn f effrts. Millins f these neural pathways begin develping frm the time when yu are grwing int a baby. T keep ur memry healthy, we need t create new pathways cntinually.
As we age, ur lifestyles ften change, stpping thse pathways frm being develped. Tw frequent changes are a decrease in exercise and less attentin t ur diet, which have a negative effect n ur brain and memry. Our brain requires cnsistent stimulatin, regardless f ur age, and lking fr ways t excite the prductin f new pathways is critical. Just like yur physical muscles need t be used in different ways t make them strnger, ur brain needs change t help challenge its abilities.
One simple way t stimulate the prductin f new pathways is trying smething new.
Challenge yur brain with puzzles, a new language r learning hw t play an instrument. Anything different and new can stimulate yur brain and memry. The best activities are the nes utside f yur cmfrt zne. They push yu as yu develp new neural pathways. The effrt invlved in learning and cmmitting t memry a new skill, with new terms and language, is a great way t exercise yur brain.
Anther way t stimulate the prductin f new pathways is ding exercise. When yu exercise yur bdy, yu are als wrking ut yur mind, because regular activity helps t imprve the chemicals in yur brain and t prtect brain cells.
20．Accrding t the passage, what can negatively affect ur brain and memry?
21．Why are the best activities the nes utside f yur cmfrt zne?
22．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
The tw ways mentined in the passage t help create new pathways are trying smething new and exercising yur brain by challenging yur brain with different tasks.
23．What else can yu d t imprve yur brain functin? (In abut 40 wrds)
一、
（2022·天津·高考真題）
It was a dark and strmy night. The fercius wind shk the windws wildly, as thugh smene utside were beating n the glass. It was als New Year’s Eve. We were having ur annual party and had a huse full f peple just starting t celebrate.
Suddenly, we heard lud explsins. Lking utside and up int the hills, we saw sparks(火花) flying frm electrical transfrmers(變壓器). One area after anther went dark up in thse hills. Then there was the ludest explsin f them all and ur huse went dark t. I tried t find every candle we had and lit them. The candles made everything lk lvely. But we had prblems. We had fifteen peple standing arund and we still had t ck dinner. Hw wuld we d that withut electricity?
The barbecue! Why nt ck n the barbecue? We men went utside, sme hlding flashlights and thers cking. We did a wnderful jb. The wmen stayed inside and gt the salads ready. Everything was delicius. There were still a few hurs t g befre the beginning f the new year, s we all sat arund the dining rm table and sang up until a few minutes befre midnight. We culdn’t watch the ball drp in Times Square n televisin but that wuldn’t stp us frm celebrating. I std n a chair and, with the help f smene’s watch t tell us the time, we all cunted dwn and I drpped a tennis ball! We all screamed Happy New Year. We didn’t need electricity fr that!
Nwadays, we still get tgether with the same grup t celebrate the New Year and we still talk abut that special night. I dn’t think we have ever laughed s much as we did n that New Year’s Eve.
1．What des the underlined wrd mean in Paragraph 1? (1 wrd)
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2．What made dinner preparatin difficult accrding t Paragraph 2? (n mre than 6 wrds)
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3．Hw did the peple celebrate n New Year’s Eve accrding t the passage? (n mre than 10 wrds)
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4．Hw des the authr feel abut that particular New Year’s Eve? (n mre than 8 wrds)
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5．What d yu think is the mst necessary quality when dealing with an unexpected difficult situatin? Please explain why. (n mre than 25wrds)
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二、
（2022·北京·高考真題）
Tm, a 15-year-ld inventr and entrepreneur (創(chuàng)業(yè)者), witnessed at his wn schl the widespread cnsumptin f sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had t be a better prtable drink slutin and decided t innvate frm smething he saw in his wn hme: fruit infused (浸泡) water.
Tm watched his mum make healthy fruit infusins but then struggle fr a take-alng ptin. Frm bserving his mum and frm his desire t give kids better drink ptins, he came up with his riginal mdel fr the Fun Bttle. “I wanted t cme up with a healthy, natural way fr peple t drink when n the g. A big part f my missin is t get peple f all ages ff sugary drinks,” Tm explains.
The bttle is made with a strainer (濾網(wǎng)) that allws the great tastes and natural sugars f the varius fruits and vegetables yu chse t cme thrugh the water, withut any f the seeds r skins flwing thrugh.
Tm is prud f his design and excited t be selling the Fun Bttle n his website and in stres, but this 15-year-ld is mst prud f the pprtunities that Fun Bttle presents t thers. It helps t prvide healthy alternatives t sugary drinks; and als Tm dnates part f the prfits t the Organisatin fr a Healthier Generatin (OHG).
Tm has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innvatr remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give ther entrepreneurial yuth, he says, “Prepare and have yur family’s supprt. It is imprtant t knw frm the beginning that there are a lt f highs and lws, and there is n such thing as vernight success.”
6．What did Tm witness at his wn schl?
7．Where did Tm get the idea fr the riginal mdel fr the Fun Bttle?
8．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Tm is mst prud f the pprtunities that Fun Bttle presents t thers because he nt nly prvides healthy alternatives t sugary drinks but als dnates all the prfits t the OHG.
9．Amng Tm’s qualities, which ne(s) d yu think will be imprtant fr us? Why?(In abut 40 wrds)
三、
（2021·天津·高考真題）
Mst f us assciate learning with yunger peple—kids in schl and cllege r recent graduates early in their careers. But at Udemy, an pen university ffering nline curses, Artist Anneke Camstra is engaged in the pursuit f lifelng learning and displays her ptential fr teaching. She lves the experience f gaining new knwledge and als lves sharing it with thers. “I’m retired, but an artist never retires,” Anneke said. “The last few years n the internet have been a great jy fr me. I’ve taken s many Udemy curses, and ifs such a great feeling t get my brain wrking again. I find just as much satisfactin in teaching animatin(動(dòng)畫制作)t.”
She reaches cuntless peple with her nline curses and expses them t what they can accmplish n their wn using animatin sftware, such as GAnimate and PwTn. Her mtivatin fr teaching n Udemy is “t get the tls t the peple.”“Yu can g such a lng way t make things that lk prfessinal but still have yur wn vice,” she explained.
Mst f Anneke’s students start ut thinking they’re nt creative and can’t draw. Anneke understands hw fear can get in the way f s many things peple dream f ding. With her five-day challenge curses, she helps them get ver the fear. Anneke lves the impact she has n her students. What makes her mre prud f them is that they have gne frm their first animatin t creating their wn wrks.
She encurages peple f all ages, especially lder peple, tcultivatetheir curisity fr life. Grandparents, fr example, can learn t use GAnimate and make animatins tgether with their grandkids.
“Tm an lder wman, teaching and having fun learning again,” Anneke said, and she wants thers later in their lives t catch up with her n this jurney.
10．What des Anneke enjy ding after her retirement? (n mre than 10 wrds)
11．Accrding t Para. 2, what des Anneke expect her students t d with animatin sftware? (n mre than 10 wrds)
12．What is the main idea f Para. 3? (n mre than 15 wrds)
13．Please explain the meaning f the underlined wrd in Para. 4(1 wrd)
14．What d yu suggest ld peple learn t d? Please give yur reasn(s). (n mre than 20 wrds)
四、
（2021·北京·高考真題）
Recent research suggests that if an argument gets reslved，the emtinal respnse tied t it is significantly reduced r almst cmpletely erased．Thus，it may be wrth bringing up issues with yur friends， family members，r classmates rather than hlding them back．
There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that yu and yur ppnent present yur cncerns and discuss the feelings and issues related t thse cncerns．Yu can engage in an argument respectfully withut stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，hwever，usually invlves persnal attacks，raising f vices， and strming ut．Discussing yur issues and reslving them instead f stuffing them dwn can imprve yur emtinal health．In a study，2.000 peple were asked t recrd their feelings and experiences fr eight days in a rw．When peple had an argument that they cnsidered reslved， they had half the reactivity （情緒反應(yīng)） f thse wh avided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emtins r a decrease in psitive emtins．In ther wrds，reslving an argument cuts yur negative feelings by half．One day later， peple wh had a reslved argument reprted n increase f negative emtins cmpared with thse wh avided an argument． This means that reslving an argument can feel like yu have reached a state f reslutin——and yu are less likely t be annyed．
Mrever，the lder yu are，the mre likely yu will cme t a reslutin after an argument．This may be because mre life experience usually leads t mre defined pririties．Yu are mre likely t distinguish between what matters and what des nt．
It is easier t avid a discussin，but risking talking abut it may eventually lead t a better utcme．
15．Accrding t this passage，what is arguing？
16．Why is it that“the lder yu are， the mre likely yu will cme t a reslutin after an argument”？
17．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement，then underline it and explain why．
Reslving arguments can imprve yur emtinal health，because it increases yur reactivity and reduces the chance f yu getting angry．
18．In additin t imprving emtinal health，what d yu think are sme ther benefits f reslving an argument？ （In abut 40 wrds）
五、
（2021·天津·高考真題）
I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhd was filled with arts, crafts (手工) and music, and every day was an exciting adventure f creatin.
Smewhere alng the way, hwever, I lst tuch with my creative self. At 21, I landed a jb at a big insurance cmpany ut f my business degree. I wuld g t the ffice, sit at my desk and repeat the same wrk five days a week 9 t 5. The days were lng and tedius. Wrking this way fr ne year was painful enugh, let alne a lifetime. Befre lng I decided t make a change.
One thing I had develped an interest in was sewing, s I tk a sewing curse at a cmmunity cllege. It was nly a five-week curse but it awakened my interest and gt my cnfidence up.
As I dreamt bigger, I began lking int cllege curses fr Fashin Design and three mnths later I signed up fr a part-time design curse. I attended classes tw nights a week. Althugh exhausting, it gave me energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
As it became clearer that fashin was what I wanted t d full time, the reality f my day-t-day wrk at the insurance cmpany became harder. I felt bred. N energy, n mtivatin and zer fulfilment (滿足感).
I knew I needed t make a bigger change. After struggling fr quite a while, I made a difficult decisin—leaving my jb and studying my design curse full time. Tw years later I gt my diplma.
The last few years have been exciting because I’ve been fllwing my heart t d what I lve. Tday I am living a creative life as the designer f my wn fashin brand.
Smetimes it’s hard t make a change, but I’m s glad I set the wheels f change in mtin with that very small first step because it has led me t where I am tday.
19．What was the authr interested in when she was a little girl? (n mre than 10 wrds)
20．What des the underlined wrd in Paragraph 2 mean? (1 wrd)
21．Hw did the authr feel when she was taking the part-time design curse? (n mre than 10 wrds)
22．What did the authr d t get back t her creative life? Give tw f the facts. (n mre than 15 wrds)
23．D yu cnsider the authr as yur rle mdel? Please explain. (n mre than 20 wrds)
六、
（2020·天津·高考真題）
I remember the day shyness tk ver my life. I was 14 and having a French lessn The teacher tld us t recrd urselves speaking abut a hliday. Perfect！ I recrded myself with cnfidence. Then, I pressed "play" t listen back. All I heard was a little kid talking. My immediate reactin was t assume I was listening t smene else's recrding. But that was my vice. I realised there was smething strange abut me.
My little vice has made me feel really shy. And my shyness has caused me t avid attending events, nt make imprtant cnnectins, and keep my ideas t myself. As a shy persn, wrking frm hme, hiding behind my cmputer was brilliant. But the mre time I spent hidden away, the mre my cmfrt zne shrank（縮小）. Everyday interactins, like rdering a cffee, became increasingly awkward and uncmfrtable.
And then, ne day I was at a big cnference and it suddenly hit me like lightning. All speakers were cnfident, cmfrtable with being seen. There were n quieter vices. But the truble is, if the lud vices are the nly nes yu hear, we quiet peple feel even mre alienated（疏遠(yuǎn)的）。 The wrld needs a mixture f persnalities. Success is nt just abut wh can shut the ludest. The wrld needs quieter peple, t. That day I chse t stp hiding and embrace my shyness. N mre feeling like I needed t change wh I am in rder t succeed. N mre living a small life.
Then I created the Shy and Mighty Sciety, a space fr shy peple like me t shine, and in the prcess f helping thers, I culd als push myself frward, bit by bit. Nw, I'm happy t tell peple I feel shy. I'm nt ashamed any mre. And I knw that I’m nt alne.
24．Why did the authr feel strange abut herself after listening t the recrding? （n mre than 10 wrds）
25．What is the main idea f Para.2? （n mre than 10 wrds
26．What des the underlined wrd in Para.3 mean? （1 wrd）
27．Why did the authr create the Shy and Mighty Sciety? （n mre than 10 wrds）
28．Suppse yu are in charge f the Shy and Mighty Sciety, what will yu d t help ther shy peple? And why? （n mre than 20 wrds）

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