S cncerning is the ptential fr language lss that the Natinal Science Fundatin launched the Dcumenting Endangered Languages prgram t advance knwledge related t endangered human languages. The launch f the prgram is even mre urgent given the fact that abut half f all current languages being used in the wrld have been classified in varying degrees f endangerment.
At the University f Arizna, which is an imprtant site fr language preservatin, a number f researchers are invlved in activities meant t dcument endangered and lst languages. Others are wrking t help preserve languages classified as "mribund", meaning that n children are learning their native languages as their first languages in their wn hmes.
A number f UA prgrams—sme f them decades ld—are dedicated t language preservatin. Mst recently, Christian Ruvalcaba, a graduate student, launched "The Language Capital Prject" and created maps fr crrespnding website t help nn-natinal language speakers t find and cnnect with ne anther.
"Languages allw peple t create an identity fr themselves and as cmmunity members," said Elizabeth Kickham, a visiting prfessr in the UA Department f Linguistics. "Language is s clsely tied t culture: it nt nly reflects cultural practices, it is als influenced by them. Language and culture influence each ther, s it's difficult t separate them. Yu can, but yu will lse smething when yu d."
"One f the advantages f studying at the University f Arizna is the wealth f linguistic diversity t be fund amng the student ppulatin," said Kickham, wh invlved her students in language preservatin training this semester.
"Expsure t diverse ppulatins, including languages, enables a richer understanding f the human experience," Kickham said. "Languages are beautiful. When peple hear smene speaking a language they needn't feel that the persn desn't knw hw t speak English but rather that persn has a wealth f resurces."
1.Why did the Natinal Science Fundatin launch the prgram?
A.T bring back lst languages.
B.T develp endangered languages.
C.T increase understanding f endangered languages.
D.T investigate the number f endangered languages.
2.What d the maps created by Ruvalcaba infrm peple abut?
A.Where there is a website fr lst languages.
B.Where nn-natinal language speakers live.
C.Where they can learn the natinal language.
D.Where they can cmmunicate in their native language.
3.What did Kickham want t pint ut accrding t what she said?
A.The influence f cultural practices.B.The imprtance f diverse languages.
C.A need fr language preservatin training.D.A better understanding f different cultures.
4.What is the best title fr the text?
A.Language Lss Calls fr PreservatinB.Language Reflects Human Self-identity
C.Preserving Nn-natinal LanguageD.Identifying the Causes f Language Lss
2. A new study published in the jurnal Nature Cmmunicatins has cncluded that a 100 percent change t rganic(有機(jī)的) fd prductin in England and Wales wuld actually lead t a great increase in greenhuse gas emissins. In turn, this wuld cntribute t further climate change.
Althugh rganic farming directly purs ut fewer emissins than cnventinal farming—arund 20 percent lwer fr crps and 4 percent fr farm animals—it prduces ntably less fd. As t this study's findings, ttal rganic agriculture in England and Wales wuld prduce 40 percent less fd. With less fd in the market, the cuntries wuld need t increase fd imprts, which wuld prduce mre glbal greenhuse gas emissins.
Organic farming als increases the amunt f absrbing carbn, a prcess where carbn dixide (CO2) is "absrbed" ut f the atmsphere and captured by plants and stred in the sil. Hwever, even a ttal change t rganic farming wuld nly be equal t a tiny part f the higher emissins frm verseas land use.
"We predict a drp in ttal fd prductin f 40 percent under a fully rganic farming prcess, cmpared t cnventinal farming, if we keep t the same natinal diet," Dr. Adrian Williams, lead authr and reader in Agni-Envirnmental Systems at Cranfield University, said in a statement. "This results frm lwer crp quantity, because utput is limited by a lwer supply f nitrgen, which is mainly frm ther crps r slid waste frm cattle n the grassland."
Nevertheless, it is imprtant t nte that rganic farming still hlds sme useful benefits fr the envirnment, such as reducing expsure t chemicals and imprving the varieties f creatures. In cnclusin, the study suggests that rganic farming will cntinue t play a key rle in reslving the wrld's envirnmental prblems. Hwever, it's just ne part f a much wider slutin.
1.What will ttal rganic agriculture bring t England?
A.Mre main fd.B.Mre species crp.
C.Mre fd imprts.D.Mre fresh xygen.
2.Hw des rganic farming increase the amunt f absrbing carbn?
A.By taking in CO2.B.By changing CO2.
C.By giving ff CO2.D.By prducing CO2.
3.What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A.The ways t reduce rganic farming.B.The results caused by rganic farming.
C.The slutin t the envirnment prblems.D.The advantages f rganic farming.
4.Which f the fllwing is the best title f the text?
A.Organic Farming, Green FdB.Organic Farming, Our Hpe in Future
C.Organic Farming, a Mistake We MadeD.Organic Farming, a Duble-edged Swrd
3. Human scieties develped fd preferences based n what was available and what the grup decided it liked mst. Thse preferences were then passed alng as scially learned behavirs, values, knwledge and custms that make up culture. Besides humans, many ther scial animals are believed t exhibit frms f culture in varius ways, t.
In fact, accrding t a new study led by Harvard scientist Liran Samuni, bnbs(倭黑猩猩), ne f ur clsest living relatives, culd be the latest additin t the list.
The researchers studied the hunting and feeding habits f tw neighbring grups f bnbs in the Demcratic Republic f Cng. Analyzing the data, they saw many similarities in the lives f the tw bnb grups—the Ekalakala and the Kkalng. They als bth have the access and pprtunity t hunt the same kind f prey(獵物). This, hwever, is precisely where researchers nticed a striking difference.
The grups cnsistently preferred t hunt and feast n tw different types f prey. The Ekalakala grup went after an anmalure(鱗尾松鼠). The Kkalng grup n the ther hand, favred a duiker(小羚羊).
"It's basically like tw human cultures expliting a cmmn resurce in different ways," says Samuni. "Think abut tw cultures living clse t each ther but having different preferences: ne prefers chicken while the ther is mre f a beef-eating culture."
Using statistical mdeling, the researchers fund that the nly variable that culd reliably predict prey preference was whether the hunters were team Ekalakala r team Kkalng.
The researchers haven't yet investigated hw the bnb grups learned this hunting preference, but thrugh their analysis they were able t rule ut eclgical factrs r genetic differences. Basically, it means all evidence pints tward this being a learned scial behavir.
"If ur clsest living relatives have sme cultural traits(特征), then it's likely ur ancestrs already had sme capacity fr culture," Samuni says.
1.What d Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly talk abut?
A.The backgrund f the study.B.The prcess f the study.
C.The findings f the study.D.The challenges f ding the study.
2.Hw des Samuni like the tw bnb grups' different hunting preferences?
A.They are an unusual phenmenn.B.They are a learned scial behavir.
C.They cntradict human cultures.D.They shw bnbs' high intelligence.
3.Which f the fllwing culd influence the bnbs' prey preference?
A.The timing f hunting.B.Their hunting techniques.
C.The cmmunities they belng t.D.Their surrunding envirnment.
4.What might the findings f the bnbs' hunting preference indicate?
A.When human sciety was brn.B.Hw human sciety develped.
C.What helped human culture change.D.Hw human culture first appeared.
4. "We can't play tennis because yu dn't have the net." I was standing n a suburban street when Eric, the by next dr, said that t me. Tw rackets in hand, I felt my face burning and anger spread thrugh my 10-year-ld bdy.
"I dn't have the net? Yu dn't have the net. Yur father and mther dn't have the net," I yelled, firing at him with what I thught was a hurt. I just had t make him understand that I had plenty f net. Eric was speechless. He admitted that indeed, he and his family had neither a tennis curt nr the net, but he seemed unable t make sense f my reactin t this shrtcming.
As a new arrival t the United States, armed with limited English wrds, I had thught that "net" meant "manners". Eric didn't want t play with me because I lacked gd manners. It was nly after I strmed hme that my brther, wh had been in America fr a decade, explained where I had gne wrng.
Language barriers are the mst cmmn cmmunicatin barriers. Even when we speak the same language, understanding and being understd can be difficult, nt t mentin cmmunicating in a freign language. And cnfusin and amusement fllws—a phenmenn that is cmmn in sitcm. Fr example, in a 1970s British sitcm, a freign student says "squeeze me", instead f "excuse me", t his yung principal.
That's the thing with languages. Thugh the languages are technically the same, the meanings, implicatins and interpretatins f wrds are different. N tw peple really speak the same ne. But in rder t be understd, we shuld be willing t use mre wrds and expressins and have the patience t find ut mre abut what is happening t get a whle picture f the situatin.
1.Why was the authr angry?
A.Eric refused t lend him a bat.B.He thught Eric was rude t him.
C.Eric laughed at his limited English.D.He had t play tennis withut the net.
2.What made the authr fail t understand Eric prperly?
A.His bad manners.B.His pr backgrund.
C.His limited vcabulary.D.His vilent character.
3.Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd "strmed" in Paragraph 3?
A.Went angrily.B.Left hurriedly.
C.Attacked suddenly.D.Disappeared cmpletely.
4.What des the authr think f language barriers?
A.They are wrsened by sitcms.
B.They cntribute t cultural differences.
C.They can be vercme by sending and receiving ideas.
D.They exist even between speakers f the same language.
5. There is mre that cmes with lder age than graying hair and wrinkled skin. When humans reach their later years, they favr mre established friends and their scial circle is reduced.
Nw, fr what appears t be the first time, scientists have seen the same behavir in anther species. Twenty years f bservatins f chimpanzees reveal that lder males chse t hang ut with their lng-term friends at the expense f ther relatinships.
The researchers studied 78,000 hurs f bservatins made between 1996 and 2016 that fllwed the scial interactins f 21 male chimpanzees between the ages f 15 and 58 years ld. They classified the chimps' relatinships depending n the amunt f time they sat with thers and grmed them. They then rated the varius pairings as mutual friendships, where bth chimps seemed t enjy the relatinship; ne-sided friendships, where ne chimp was mre keen t be friends than the ther; and nn-friendships, where neither chimp shwed interest in the ther.
When the scientists lked at the patterns f friendships, they fund that the lder chimps had mre mutual friendships and fewer ne-sided friendships than yunger chimps. Anther feature seen in lder humans was als sptted in the chimps. As the males gt lder, their levels f aggressin tailed ff, meaning they started fewer fights and tended t intimidate thers in their grup less ften.
The bservatins have left the researchers puzzled. Accrding t an idea in psychlgy knwn as sci-emtinal selectivity thery, r SST, lder humans prefer mre psitive relatinships because they are aware that time is running ut. But many animal experts argue that chimpanzees lack the human sense f mrtality(生命的有限性), suggesting smething else is driving the behavir.
Rbin Dunbar, a prfessr f evlutinary psychlgy at the University f Oxfrd, said, "in humans, the decline in scial circles with age is due t declining scial mtivatin t get ut and meet peple cmbined by lack f pprtunity." "In chimpanzees, as lder males cmpete less fr mates, they may fcus n clse, reciprcal(互惠的) relatinships with trusted partners," anther prfessr said.
1.What d lder male chimpanzees favr?
A.Old friendships.B.New bnds.
C.Wrinkled skin.D.Graying hair.
2.Hw did the researchers draw their cnclusin abut chimpanzees?
A.By turning t ther scientists.B.By intrducing a new cncept.
C.By frming relatinships with them.D.By analyzing tw decades' bservatins.
3.What des the underlined wrd "intimidate" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Threaten.B.Mtivate.C.Defend.D.Accmpany.
4.Accrding t the last paragraph, what accunts fr declining scial circles in chimpanzees?
A.Awareness f time.B.Less cmpetitin fr mates.
C.Lw mtivatin fr scializatin.D.Lack f the human sense f mrtality.
6. Asthma(哮喘) attacks happen when peple are allergic t smething in the air. When attacks happen, the airways in their lungs tighten and make it hard t breathe. Mre trublesme, peple d nt knw when an attack will happen. But nw, smartphnes can help stp attacks.
Prpeller Health is a cmpany in Wiscnsin. It wants t help thse with breathing prblems by using technlgy alng with medicine. The cmpany fitted an inhaler(吸入器) with a Bluetth sensr, which cnnects t a smartphne app. The inhaler is full f medicine that stps an asthma attack when breathed in. When the patient uses the inhaler, the smartphne recrds when and where the persn has an attack. The app then stres the recrds fr dctrs. The app nt nly tells dctrs abut the attack but als helps them figure ut if there is smething happening arund the patient that makes the asthma wrse. Chris Hgg, a manager at Prpeller Health, says cllecting infrmatin frm the inhaler is imprtant. Technlgy like Bluetth sensrs is the future f health care. They will help dctrs t decide what t pay attentin t when treating patients.
Smart inhalers are part f a new directin in medical technlgy knwn as "cnnected health". Fewer than half f asthma patients take their medicine crrectly, said Line Neuhauser, a prfessr studying asthma treatments. She said the Prpeller Bluetth sensr tells peple if they have taken their medicine crrectly, which helps t prevent attacks and hspitalizatin.
Anther benefit f the sensr is that the cmpany can cllect infrmatin frm many peple. Then, they can see if certain areas set f mre asthma attacks than thers. "When we have a lt f users in the same regin, we can d a lt t help them," Hgg said.
One f Prpeller's biggest tests f their system was in Luisville, Kentuck. They gave 140 peple the Bluetth sensrs with inhalers. The study fund that being clse t railrads r factries was the main cause f asthma. They als fund that public areas, such as schls and churches, were als causing asthma attacks. After the test, Prpeller gave the infrmatin t the city, and the city is making rules t clean up the air.
1.What is the serius prblem facing peple with asthma?
A.They have t stay at hme.B.They may be attacked at any time.
C.They find it hard t breathe usually.D.They dn't knw what they are allergic t.
2.What d we knw abut the Bluetth sensr frm Paragraph 2?
A.It gives patients timely treatment.
B.It tells patients hw t keep away frm pr envirnments.
C.It helps patients call their dctrs when their asthma attacked.
D.It helps ffer useful infrmatin abut patients t dctrs.
3.Why is Prpeller's test mentined in the last paragraph?
A.T shw hw the Bluetth sensrs can help.
B.T shw the ppularity fr the Bluetth sensrs.
C.T advise cities t take actin t handle pllutin.
D.T advise peple with asthma t keep away frm public areas.
4.What's the best title fr the text?
A.Technlgy Helps Peple With AsthmaB.Hw t Use Bluetth Sensrs
C.Asthma Has Becme a Big DangerD.Hw t Deal With Asthma
7. Rbts are getting better at ding human jbs. That's prbably gd fr the ecnmy—but there are sme serius dwnsides, t.
Machines are expected t displace abut 20 millin manufacturing jbs acrss the wrld ver the next decade, accrding t a reprt released by Oxfrd Ecnmics, a glbal frecasting and quantitative analysis firm.
That means abut 8.5% f the glbal manufacturing wrkfrce culd be displaced by rbts. The reprt als ntes that the mve t rbts tends t create new jbs as fast as it autmates them; hwever, it culd cntribute t incme inequality. The use f rbts is n the rise: at this pint, every new rbt that is installed displaces 1.6 manufacturing wrkers n average, accrding t the Oxfrd Ecnmics mdel.
Rbts are becming cheaper than many human wrkers, in part because f the falling csts f machines. And they are increasingly capable f functining in mre cmplex prcesses and varied cntexts. On tp f that, the demand fr manufactured gds is rising.
One ptential dwnsize t the rbt revlutin: autmatin culd increase incme inequality. "This great displacement will nt be evenly distributed arund the wrld, r within cuntries," accrding t the reprt. "Our research shws that the negative effects f rbtizatin are disprprtinately felt in the lwer-incme regins cmpared with higher-incme regins f the same cuntry."
The wrkers wh drive knwledge and innvatin within the manufacturing industry tend t be cncentrated in larger cities, and thse skills are harder t autmate. That's why urban areas will deal better with the increased autmatin, accrding t the reprt.
On the whle, the increased use f autmatin will likely create new jbs at a pace cmparable t the jbs that will be lst, which cancels ut fears abut permanent jb destructin, accrding t the Oxfrd study. That said, the prer regins that are expected t lse the mst jbs will prbably nt benefit equally frm this new jb creatin due t a gap in skills. That will lead t increased incme inequality between cities and rural areas, as well as between regins.
1.What "dwnside" des the authr mainly discuss?
A.Peple will nt be able t find jbs in the future.
B.Rbts will finally take the place f peple.
C.Displacement by rbts will increase incme inequality.
D.Rbts are becming cheaper than many human wrkers.
2.What d the wrkers need t d t cmpete with rbts in the future?
A.T make rbts help them with the harder wrk.
B.T imprve their innvative ability and knwledge.
C.T mve t larger cities r mre develped cuntries.
D.T make their skills faster and easier t be autmated.
3.What is the main idea f the last paragraph?
A.The increased use f autmatin will create mre jbs.
B.Peple needn't wrry abut permanent jb destructin.
C.The prer cuntries will nt benefit frm autmatin.
D.The incme gap between cities and rural regins will widen.
4.What can we cnclude frm the passage?
A.Rbts shuld be banned in the future because f the disadvantages.
B.Rbts can d mre and better than humans in cmplicated prcesses.
C.The increasing need fr manufactured gds partly cntributes t rbtizatin.
D.The negative effects f rbtizatin will be evenly distributed arund the wrld.
8. Balancing preservatin f the land with ur desire t travel is a challenge fr us travelers. When seeing cities face cnstant resurce and waste prblems, I culdn't help but think abut hw much travel can affect the envirnment.
Back in my yuth, I was an envirnmental activist. But ver the years, I leave the lights n. I fly a lt. I drink ut f plastic bttles. I eat a lt f meat. And I lve fish, especially tuna. Hwever, recently, I've begun thinking harder abut hw travel affects the envirnment and hw I affect the envirnment. In ding s, I've tried t be a lt mre aware f my actins.
I dn't knw if there is an easy slutin t this prblem. The mst envirnmentally friendly activity is nt t travel at all, but that's unrealistic and t extreme. There's s much mney in travel that I dn't think the gvernment and regulatin can d much. Only when their prfits are hurt will htels, peratrs, and the industry as a whle begin t listen. Instead, it's all abut the cnsumers. The nly gd way is t get peple t be mre envirnmentally cnscius and make better decisins.
Cnsumers have a lt f pwer. Why did market start selling nly sustainable fish and whle milk? Cnsumers wanted it. I think if we as travelers begin t demand mre envirnmentally friendly practices and avid cmpanies with pr envirnmental recrds, we can change things.
Nw, I recycle mre. I use fewer plastic bttles and I shut ff the lights. Mst imprtantly, I use peratrs and stay at places that are reducing their envirnmental impact.
Travel can destry the envirnment but it desn't have t. We have the pwer t make things better. We can d small things and demand mre f the places we stay and visit. We can and shuld demand mre f places, and f urselves.
1.Why des the writer list his actins ver the years?
A.T explain his hbby.
B.T shw he is wealthy.
C.T tell he is fnd f traveling.
D.T indicate he has becme less envirnmentally cnscius.
2.What's the realistic way t slve the prblem accrding t Paragraph 3?
A.Peple d nt travel at all.
B.The gvernment takes effective measures.
C.Turism industry fllws envirnmental rules.
D.Cnsumers becme mre envirnmentally cnscius.
3.What can be learned frm the last paragraph?
A.Travel will surely destry the envirnment.
B.We can get a lt frm the places we travel.
C.Few things travelers can d t prtect the envirnment.
D.What travelers d can make a difference t the envirnment.
4.Which f the fllwing might be the best title fr the text?
A.My Experiences f Prtecting the Envirnment
B.Can We Balance Travel and the Envirnment?
C.Is There an Easy Way t Slve Envirnmental Prblems?
D.Hw Can We Travel in an Envirnmentally Friendly Way?
9. The average bear, it seems, is getting ever smarter. First, it turned ut that at least ne can use a cmb. Nw it appears that sme can cunt, t.
Jennifer Vnk, frm Oakland University, in Michigan, and Michael Beran, frm Gergia State University, set three American black bears the task f distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller grups f dts(點(diǎn)) n a cmputer screen. In return fr a fd reward ne bear, Brutus, wuld tuch the mre heavily dtted pattern with his nse. The thers, Bella and Dusty, wuld tuch the screen with their claws.
As the researchers reprt in Animal Behavir, the bears did best with patterns where the clred dts did nt mve and where mre f them als tk up a larger clred area. This culd be explained by the bears' distinguishing the different areas f clr rather than truly cunting the dts. Hwever, the three bears managed t pick ut the bigger number f dts even in pairs f patterns where fewer dts tk up a larger area.
Mving patterns, where each dt fllwed its wn path arund the screen, were mre f a challenge. But Brutus, at least, was nt defeated. He seemed t be cunting mbile dts even when the scientists tried t mislead him by mving the ttal clred area f the dts at the same time.
It is nt entirely surprising that bears shuld have a high degree f intelligence. They face a lt f challenges when trying t get fd. They are, hwever, always alne, and s d nt have the cmplex scial systems that cntribute t animal smarts. Perhaps, then, their maths skill develped because they cannt cunt n their friends fr help.
1.What task did the scientists set fr the three bears?
A.Distinguishing different dt patterns.
B.Figuring ut different clrs f dts.
C.Putting the dts int differently clred grups.
D.Picking ut the grup with a larger number f dts.
2.Fr the bears,the task was easier when _____.
A.the clred dts were mving slwlyB.the dt patterns were regular in shape
C.the dts fllwed a path n the screenD.mre dts cvered a larger clred area
3.What may explain the bears' high degree f intelligence?
A.They learn skills frm ther animals.B.They face life challenges n their wn.
C.They feed n a diverse range f fd.D.They have cmplex scial netwrks.
4.What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A.Bears Taught t Distinguish ClrsB.New Evidence f Bear Intelligence Fund
C.Three Bears Learned Hw t CuntD.The Smartest American Black Bear Brutus
10. During thse barren winter mnths, with windws verlking lng-dead gardens, leafless trees, and lawns that seem t have an ashy lk abut them, nthing calms the uneasy nerves mre than the vibrant green f plants surrunding the living spaces f ne's hme. Peple brwse thrugh garden stres just t get a smell f chlrphyll(葉綠素) and t chse a plant r tw t bring spring back int their winter-gray lives.
Nw there is even mre f a need fr "the green", in light f recent articles warning us f the dangers f chemicals that we, urselves, intrduce int ur hmes. Each time we bring clthes hme frm the cleaners, we release thse chemicals int the clsed-in air f ur hmes. Every cleanser releases its wn kind f fumes.
Sme f the chemicals are frmaldehyde(甲醛), chlrine, benzene, styrene, etc. Read the labels n many hme prducts, where the ingredients aren't even listed! During the winter, when thse same windws are shut tight, we breathe in these chemicals—causing symptms much like allergies. In fact, mst peple prbably dismiss the effects f these chemicals simply as sme allergy r ther. The truth is that we are experiencing a syndrme that is called Multiple Chemical Sensitivity. Nw, what has this gt t d with green plants? Everything healthy! Research has been cnducted with tw types f plants that have actually remved much f these harmful chemicals frm the air.
The tw plants that seem t be the best bet fr ridding ne's hme f such chemicals are ferns(蕨類植物) and palms. These plants release misture as part f phtsynthesis and, as they d, pull chemicals frm the air int their leaves. Even NASA has cnducted sme greenhuse experiments fr lng-term space explratin. Within hurs, their plants (palms) had remved almst all traces f frmaldehyde in the rm. Bth species f plants are ancient, dating back mre than a hundred millin years. Anther trait they share is that they bth live lng lives, 100 years r mre. This we expect frm trees, but ferns and palms are plants, which can grw t 65 feet in the prper setting! Even their individual leaves live fr ne t tw years (ferns) and ne t nine years (palms). Perhaps it is their primary qualities that have cntributed t their ability t purify their envirnment.
1.Why des the authr think we are in greater need f "the green" in ur hmes?
A.T bring ur lng-dead gardens back t life.B.T get rid f harmful chemicals trapped there.
C.T make us feel calmer and less wrried.D.T serve as decratins as well as refresh us.
2.What can we knw frm the passage?
A.The surce f these chemicals released in ur hmes hasn't been identified.
B.The chemicals can be remved immediately the tw plants are put int use.
C.Peple tend t underestimate the effects f the chemical in the clsed-in places.
D.Peple usually buy husehld prducts withut referring t the labels f ingredients.
3.As fr the tw plants, their primary qualities friendly t indr envirnment include _____.
A.the ability t absrb chemicals and live lng
B.their adaptability t indr envirnment
C.the fast grwth and attractiveness f their leaves
D.the release f their misture and fumes
4.Which f the fllwing may be the best title fr the passage?
A.Research in the New MillenniumB.Cmmn Huseplants May Purify Yur Hme
C.Hidden Dangers in Yur HmeD.NASA Experiment Finds the Cure
答案解析
1.答案：1-4 CDBA
解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Natinal Science Fundatin launched…related t endangered human languages.可知, 美國國家科學(xué)基金會啟動(dòng)了"記錄瀕危語言"項(xiàng)目, 以豐富與人類瀕危語言相關(guān)的知識, 增加對瀕危語言的理解, 故選C項(xiàng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Mst recently, Christian maps fr crrespnding website t help nn-natinal language speakers t find and cnnect with ne anther.可知, 克里斯蒂娜創(chuàng)建地圖是為了幫助非母語使用者找到彼此并相互聯(lián)系, 也就是說, 讓人們了解他們可以在哪里用自己的母語交流, 故選D項(xiàng)。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Expsure t diverse ppulatins, including languages, enables a richer understanding f the human experience可推知, 語言多樣化有助于加深對人類經(jīng)驗(yàn)的理解, 說明了語言多樣性的重要性, 故選B項(xiàng)。
4.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知, 本文在第一段提出某些語言在短時(shí)間內(nèi)迅速消亡的現(xiàn)象, 下文主要介紹了為保護(hù)語言各個(gè)組織和個(gè)人所作出的努力, 強(qiáng)調(diào)了保持語言多樣性的重要性, 由此可推知, A項(xiàng)"語言的消亡需要保護(hù)"為最佳標(biāo)題, 故選A項(xiàng)。
2.答案：1-4 CADD
解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的 rganic agriculture in England and Wales wuld prduce 40 percent less fd. With less fd in the market, the cuntries wuld need t increase fd imprts...可知, 有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)自身產(chǎn)量不足, 市場上的糧食減少, 因此英國需要增加食品進(jìn)口量, 故選C項(xiàng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Organic farming als increases the amunt f absrbing in the sil.可知, 二氧化碳從大氣中被"吸收", 被植物捕獲并保存在土壤中, 從而有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)通過吸收二氧化碳, 促進(jìn)碳吸收, 故選A項(xiàng)。
3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段關(guān)鍵表述useful benefits fr the envirnment和rganic farming will cntinue t play a key rle in reslving the wrld's envirnmental prblems可知, 該段主要講了有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)對環(huán)境的好處, 故選D項(xiàng)。
4.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知, 本文說明有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)有弊端, 比如提高溫室氣體排放量、引起氣候變化; 結(jié)合最后一段in cnclusin后總結(jié)的內(nèi)容可知, 目前有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)也有好處, 比如減少接觸化學(xué)品和改善生物的種類。由此可推知, D項(xiàng)"有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)是一把雙刃劍"為最佳標(biāo)題, 故選D項(xiàng)。
3.答案：1-4 CBCD
解析：1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的Analyzing the data, they saw many similarities和This, hwever, is precisely where researchers nticed a striking difference.可知, 研究人員研究兩組倭黑猩猩的獵食習(xí)慣和狩獵偏好, 認(rèn)為兩組既存在相同之處, 也存在顯著的不同, 由此可推知, 第三、四段展示了研究發(fā)現(xiàn), 故選C項(xiàng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段薩穆尼對研究結(jié)論的解釋It's basically like tw human cultures expliting a cmmn resurce in different ways可知, 這兩組動(dòng)物狩獵偏好不同, 類似于以不同方式探索同一資源的兩種人類文化, 再結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段中的Basically, it means all evidence pints tward this being a learned scial behavir.可知, 研究人員認(rèn)為這是一種習(xí)得性社會行為, 故選B項(xiàng)。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的the researchers fund Kkalng可知, 研究人員預(yù)測, 影響倭黑猩猩狩獵行為的唯一變量在于狩獵者所屬的小組, 故選C項(xiàng)。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的If ur clsest living relatives have sme cultural traits, then it's likely ur ancestrs already had sme capacity fr culture可知, 研究者通過研究倭黑猩猩的狩獵喜好, 認(rèn)為其與基因無關(guān), 是一種習(xí)得性社會行為, 倭黑猩猩作為"我們"的近親都展現(xiàn)出這種文化特征, 那么人類祖先也可能已經(jīng)具有社會文化能力, 由此可推知, 這有利于研究人類文化是如何出現(xiàn)的, 故選D項(xiàng)。
4.答案：1-4 BCAD
解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的I had thught that "net" meant "manners". Eric didn't want t play with me because I lacked gd manners.可知, 作者很生埃里克的氣, 是因?yàn)閚et在作者的認(rèn)知中等同于"禮貌", 他以為埃里克嫌棄自己沒有禮貌, 故選B項(xiàng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的As a new arrival t the United States, armed with limited English wrds, lacked gd manners.可知, 作者不理解埃里克, 是因?yàn)樽髡叱鮼碚У皆~匯有限, 導(dǎo)致對詞匯的理解出現(xiàn)偏差, 而誤會埃里克, 故選C項(xiàng)。
3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知, 作者很生氣, 結(jié)合畫線詞所在句可推知, 作者怒氣沖沖地回家了, strm在此處意為"氣沖沖地疾走", 故選A項(xiàng)。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Even when we speak the same language, freign language.可知, 作者認(rèn)為, 即使說同一種語言, 交流時(shí)也會出現(xiàn)語言障礙, 導(dǎo)致雙方理解出現(xiàn)偏差, 故選D項(xiàng)。
5.答案：1-4 ADAB
解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句When humans reach their later years, they favr mre established friends and their scial circle is reduced.可知, 人類隨著年齡增長, 社交圈會縮小, 更在意身邊牢固的朋友關(guān)系; 結(jié)合第二段中的關(guān)鍵表述scientists have seen the same behavir in anther species可知, 猩猩在這點(diǎn)上和人類一樣, 故選A項(xiàng)。
2.推理判斷題。第三段中的The researchers studied 78,000 f 15 and 58 years ld.介紹了科學(xué)家的研究方法和對象, 結(jié)合下文對這個(gè)研究的內(nèi)容的介紹、將大猩猩的友誼進(jìn)行分類等, 可推知科學(xué)家們通過研究二十年以來的觀測結(jié)果來得出結(jié)論, draw ne's cnclusin意為"得出結(jié)論", 故選D項(xiàng)。
3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句可知, 隨著年齡增長, 猩猩的攻擊性水平下降, 會發(fā)動(dòng)更少的打斗, 由此可推知, 猩猩會更少做具有攻擊性的事情, 如威脅。畫線詞intimidate意為"恐嚇; 威脅", 故選A項(xiàng)。
4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的In chimpanzees, as lder males cmpete less fr mates, they may fcus n clse, reciprcal relatinships with trusted partners...可知, 年長的雄性更專注于親密互惠的關(guān)系, 很少為配偶而競爭, 所以它們的社交圈縮小, 故選B項(xiàng)。
6.答案：1-4 BDCA
解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Mre trublesme, peple d nt knw when an attack will happen.可知, 哮喘隨時(shí)都可能發(fā)作是哮喘患者面臨的嚴(yán)重問題, 故選B項(xiàng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的The app nt nly tells dctrs abut the wrse.以及 infrmatin frm the inhaler is imprtant.可知, 這款帶有吸入器的藍(lán)牙傳感器有助于向醫(yī)生提供關(guān)于病人的有用信息, 故選D項(xiàng)。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的The study fund that being clse rules t clean up the air.可知, Prpeller Health公司將測試結(jié)論告知了該市, 該市正在制定清潔空氣的規(guī)定, 由此可推知, 測試目的在于建議政府采取措施治理空氣污染, 故選C項(xiàng)。
4.主旨大意題。通讀全文, 根據(jù)第一段最后一句But nw, smartphnes can help stp attacks.和第二段中的It wants t help thse with breathing prblems by using technlgy alng with medicine.可知, 本文主要介紹的是一款帶有吸入器的藍(lán)牙耳機(jī), 這種耳機(jī)有利于哮喘患者, 即科技幫助哮喘患者, 由此可推知, A項(xiàng)"科技幫助哮喘患者"為最佳標(biāo)題, 故選A項(xiàng)。
7.答案：1-4 CBDC
解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的One ptential dwnsize t the rbt revlutin: autmatin culd increase incme inequality.可知, 機(jī)器人有一個(gè)潛在缺點(diǎn), 就是會加劇收入不平等, 題干中的dwnside意為"缺點(diǎn)", 故選C項(xiàng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中的The wrkers wh drive knwledge and innvatin within the manufacturing t the reprt.可知, 制造業(yè)中的創(chuàng)新能力和知識技能更難實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化, 因此工人需要提高他們的創(chuàng)新能力和知識, 以在未來與機(jī)器人競爭。故選B項(xiàng)。
3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中的That will lead t increased incme inequality between cities and rural areas, as well as between regins.可知, 這將加劇城鄉(xiāng)以及地區(qū)之間的收入不平等, 且that指代本段上文內(nèi)容, 由此可推知, 最后一段具體說明城鄉(xiāng)收入差距將進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大, 故選D項(xiàng)。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的On tp f that, the demand fr manufactured gds is rising.可推知, 對制成品日益增長的需求在一定程度上推動(dòng)了機(jī)器人化, 故選C項(xiàng)。
8.答案：1-4 DDDB
解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Back in my yuth, I was an envirnmental activist.可知, 過去"我"是一個(gè)環(huán)保主義者, 下文中的But說明前后語義相反, 也就是說, 在最近幾年里, "我"已經(jīng)變得不那么有環(huán)保意識了。由此可推知, 提到這幾年作者的行為, 是表明作者環(huán)保意識減弱, 故選D項(xiàng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的The nly gd way is t get peple t be mre envirnmentally cnscius and make better decisins.可知, 解決環(huán)保問題的實(shí)際方法是讓消費(fèi)者更具環(huán)保意識, 從而作出更好的決定, 故選D項(xiàng)。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段前兩句Travel can destry the envirnment but it desn't have t. We have the pwer t make things better.可知, 我們有能力讓事情變得更好, 也就是說, 游客做的事對環(huán)境有很大影響。D項(xiàng)中固定搭配make a difference意為"有作用; 有影響", 故選D項(xiàng)。
4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Balancing preservatin f the land with ur desire t travel is a challenge fr us travelers.可知, 作者提出了疑問: 能否將保護(hù)環(huán)境和旅游平衡好? 作者還以自己的親身經(jīng)歷舉例說明人們能在日常生活中為實(shí)現(xiàn)上述平衡而做的事, 由此可推知, B項(xiàng)"我們能平衡旅行和環(huán)境保護(hù)嗎?"為最佳標(biāo)題, 故選B項(xiàng)。
9.答案：1-4 ADBB
解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的 three American black bears the task f distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller grups f dts n a cmputer screen.可知, 三只美國黑熊要在電腦屏幕上區(qū)分?jǐn)?shù)字上較大和較小的點(diǎn)組, 由此可知, 科學(xué)家們給這三只熊安排的任務(wù)是區(qū)分不同的點(diǎn)的模式, 故選A項(xiàng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的As the researchers reprt in Animal Behavir, the bears did best with up a larger clred area.可知, 熊最擅長的圖案是那些不動(dòng)的彩色的點(diǎn), 而且更多的點(diǎn)占據(jù)了更大的彩色區(qū)域, take up意為"占據(jù)(時(shí)間、空間)", 故選D項(xiàng)。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的It is nt entirely surprising that bears shuld have a high degree f intelligence. They face a lt f challenges when trying t get fd.可知, 熊的高智商表現(xiàn)在它們獨(dú)自面對生活的挑戰(zhàn), 故選B項(xiàng)。
4.主旨大意題。本文第一段說明熊變得更聰明了, 并介紹了一些新的發(fā)現(xiàn), 為證明熊是一種高智商動(dòng)物提供了證據(jù), 由此可推知, B項(xiàng)"發(fā)現(xiàn)了證明熊的智力的新證據(jù)"為最佳標(biāo)題, 故選B項(xiàng)。
10.答案：1-4 BCAB
解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Nw there is even mre f a need fr "the green", in light f recent articles warning us f the 可知, 作者認(rèn)為家里更需要"綠色"來清除空氣中的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì), 故選B項(xiàng)。
2. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的During the winter, Sensitivity.可知, 在室內(nèi)吸入甲醛等化學(xué)物質(zhì)引起的癥狀被人們當(dāng)成了過敏, 實(shí)際上人們得了多重化學(xué)物質(zhì)過敏癥, 根據(jù)其中的mst peple prbably dismiss the effects f these chemicals simply as sme allergy r ther可知, 人們往往低估化學(xué)物質(zhì)在封閉場所的影響, 故選C項(xiàng)。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的These plants release leaves.可知, 這些植物可以吸收空氣中的化學(xué)物質(zhì), 結(jié)合下文中Anther trait they share is that they bth live lng lives, 100 years r mre.可知, 植物的壽命很長, 這是這兩種植物對室內(nèi)環(huán)境友好的主要特征, 故選A項(xiàng)。
4.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知, 第一段介紹人們喜歡種植有活力的綠色植物來清除家里空氣中的化學(xué)物質(zhì), 根據(jù)文章最后一段中的Perhaps it is their primary qualities that have cntributed t their ability t purify their envirnment.可知, 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)常見的綠色室內(nèi)植物可以凈化家里空氣, 由此可推知, B項(xiàng)"常見的室內(nèi)植物可以凈化你的家"為最佳標(biāo)題, 故選B項(xiàng)。

相關(guān)試卷

新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化100題（10）（含解析）：

這是一份新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化100題（10）（含解析），共16頁。

新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化100題（8）（含解析）：

這是一份新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化100題（8）（含解析），共15頁。

新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化100題（7）（含解析）：

這是一份新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化100題（7）（含解析），共15頁。

英語朗讀寶

相關(guān)試卷 更多

2025屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化100題（9）（含解析）

2025屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化100題（9）（含解析）
2025屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化100題（5）（含解析）

2025屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化100題（5）（含解析）
2025屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化100題（4）（含解析）

2025屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化100題（4）（含解析）
2025屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化100題（1）（含解析）

2025屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化100題（1）（含解析）
資料下載及使用幫助
版權(quán)申訴
版權(quán)申訴
若您為此資料的原創(chuàng)作者，認(rèn)為該資料內(nèi)容侵犯了您的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，請掃碼添加我們的相關(guān)工作人員，我們盡可能的保護(hù)您的合法權(quán)益。
入駐教習(xí)網(wǎng)，可獲得資源免費(fèi)推廣曝光，還可獲得多重現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，申請 精品資源制作， 工作室入駐。
版權(quán)申訴二維碼
高考專區(qū)
歡迎來到教習(xí)網(wǎng)
  • 900萬優(yōu)選資源，讓備課更輕松
  • 600萬優(yōu)選試題，支持自由組卷
  • 高質(zhì)量可編輯，日均更新2000+
  • 百萬教師選擇，專業(yè)更值得信賴
微信掃碼注冊
qrcode
二維碼已過期
刷新

微信掃碼，快速注冊

手機(jī)號注冊
手機(jī)號碼

手機(jī)號格式錯(cuò)誤

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼 獲取驗(yàn)證碼

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼已經(jīng)成功發(fā)送，5分鐘內(nèi)有效

設(shè)置密碼

6-20個(gè)字符，數(shù)字、字母或符號

注冊即視為同意教習(xí)網(wǎng)「注冊協(xié)議」及「隱私條款」
QQ注冊
手機(jī)號注冊
微信注冊

注冊成功

返回
頂部