?并列句和狀語從句考點(diǎn)運(yùn)用


一、明備考方向
語法填空?？键c(diǎn)
短文改錯(cuò)?？键c(diǎn)
寫作常用句式
1.when, while, as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的區(qū)別；
2.名詞詞組the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作連詞，引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句；
3.before和since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的用法以及常見的幾個(gè)句型；
4.till和until的用法；
5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的用法；
6.結(jié)果狀語從句中“so ...that”與“such ...that”的區(qū)別；
7.條件狀語從句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引導(dǎo)詞的用法；
8.“疑問詞＋-ever”和“no matter＋疑問詞”引導(dǎo)從句的用法；
9.where引導(dǎo)的狀語從句；
10.與祈使句、定語從句、名詞性從句、倒裝句以及與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的混合考查。
1.if與although/though的誤用；
2.unless與until的誤用；
3.when與until的誤用；
4.when與since的誤用；
5.although/though與because的誤用；
6.although/though與but的誤用；
7.after與while/when的誤用；
8.since與though/although的誤用；
9.after與since的誤用；
10.when與where的誤用。
1.表示“一……就……”的句式
(1)the moment/the minute/the instant ...，＋主句
(2)no sooner ... than .../hardly ...when ...
(3)as soon as ...＋主句
2.not ... until ...“直到……才……”
3.It will be/was＋一段時(shí)間＋before ...“過……(時(shí)間)才……”
4.It is/has been＋一段時(shí)間＋since從句“自從……以來多長時(shí)間了”
5.every time/each time ...“每次……”
6.so ...that .../such ...that ...
“如此……以至于……”

并 列 句
(一) 并列連詞
①They come from the same country，and they are good friends.
②I was glad to meet Jenny again, but I didn't want to spend all day with her.(2013·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)
③It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.
④Yesterday, I forgot to pick my daughter up, so she waited in the kindergarten for nearly two hours.
⑤Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?
規(guī)律總結(jié)：
1．表示并列、順承關(guān)系的并列連詞有and。
2. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系常用的并列連詞有but, yet(然而), whereas(然而，但是), while(然而)等。
3．表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有for, so等。
4．表示選擇關(guān)系常用的并列連詞有or, either ... or ..., not ... but, neither ... nor ...等。
(二) 祈使句＋and/or/otherwise句式
①Work hard and you will succeed.
＝If you work hard, you will succeed.
②Hurry up or we will be late.
＝If you don't hurry up, we will be late.
③A few more efforts and you will succeed.
＝If you make a few more efforts, you will succeed.
規(guī)律總結(jié)：
1．祈使句＋and＋陳述句＝If ...，＋主句。
2．祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陳述句＝If ... not ...，＋主句。
狀 語 從 句
英語中狀語從句總共有九類，分別用來表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等。狀語從句是較復(fù)雜的語法項(xiàng)目，但是理解起來并不難。從本質(zhì)上講，狀語從句就是利用不同的關(guān)聯(lián)詞語將幾個(gè)分句連接起來，以表達(dá)分句之間的特定邏輯關(guān)系。例如：
①I have brought an umbrella because it is raining.(原因)
②I have brought an umbrella in case it rains.(目的)
③I have brought an umbrellaso that I don’t get wet.(結(jié)果)
④I have brought an umbrella even though it’s not raining.(讓步)
⑤You don’t need bring an umbrellaunless it is raining.(條件)
因此，學(xué)習(xí)狀語從句的關(guān)鍵是掌握引導(dǎo)九類狀語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，只要能記住關(guān)聯(lián)詞，一般都能識別是哪種狀語從句，從而正確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并理解句子意思。
下面分別對九大類別的狀語從句進(jìn)行舉例說明：
（一）時(shí)間狀語從句
時(shí)間狀語從句表示時(shí)間。
引導(dǎo)時(shí)間的狀語從句的常用引導(dǎo)詞有：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until?等。
特殊引導(dǎo)詞有：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly … when, scarcely … when?等。
1.when/while/as/whenever
①When I went into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.
②While I was doing my homework, they came in.
③As time goes by, it's getting warmer and warmer.
④When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
⑤We shall go there whenever we are free.?
規(guī)律總結(jié)：
(1)when既可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)持續(xù)動(dòng)作，也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)短暫動(dòng)作，可用于主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作。
(2)從屬連詞while引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的，側(cè)重主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作相對比。
(3)從屬連詞as可表示從句和主句的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作交替進(jìn)行或同時(shí)完成，可譯為“一邊……(，一邊……)”或“隨著……”。
(4)如果主句表示的是短暫性動(dòng)作，而從句用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，此時(shí)when, while與as可互換使用。
(5)whenever是when的強(qiáng)勢語，它描述的不是一次性動(dòng)作，而是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，翻譯成“無論何時(shí)”。
2.when的特殊用法
①He was about to go to bed when the doorbell rang.?
②They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.?
③They had just arrived home when it began to rain.?
規(guī)律總結(jié)：
when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“正在這時(shí)”，表示某件事正要發(fā)生、正在發(fā)生或剛剛發(fā)生時(shí)，突然發(fā)生另一動(dòng)作。常見句型有：
①was/were about to do sth. when...
=was/were on the point of doing sth. when...
②was/were doing sth. when...
③had (just) done sth. when...
3．表示“剛……就……，一……就……”的常用表達(dá)
①The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming
②The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.
③He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
＝No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.
④I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
=Hardly had I got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
⑤Once you see him, you will never forget him.
規(guī)律總結(jié)：
(1)as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner ... than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ...和once這些從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句都表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作隨即就發(fā)生， 常譯為“一……就……”。
(2)no sooner ... than ...，hardly/scarcely ... when ...的時(shí)態(tài)搭配：no sooner與hardly/scarcely后的句子謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，而than與when引導(dǎo)的句子謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。此外，當(dāng)把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首時(shí)，應(yīng)用倒裝語序?！咀⒁狻俊耙弧汀边€可用on /upon doing 結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。
On arriving home he called up Lester.=As soon as he arrived home, he called up Lester.
4．before與since
①You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason before you reach any decision.(2013·湖南高考)
②It will be five years before we meet again.
③John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job.(陜西高考)
④It was several years before I realized that David had lied to me.
⑤It was not long before I realized I was wrong.
⑥As is reported, it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.(2011·四川高考)
規(guī)律總結(jié)：
(1)before表示“還未……就……；不到……就……；……才……；趁……；還沒來得及……就……，在……之前”。
(2)It will be＋時(shí)間段＋before +一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?！耙^多久才……”
(3)It won't be long before +一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?！安痪弥缶蜁?huì)…”。
(4)It was＋時(shí)間段＋before+一般過去時(shí)?！斑^了多久才……”。
(5)It wasn’t long before+一般過去時(shí)?！皼]過多久就……”
(6)It is＋一段時(shí)間＋since ...“自從……多久了”。
5．表示“每次；下一次……”的常用表達(dá)
①Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.
②Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.
③The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.
規(guī)律總結(jié)：
every time, each time, next time, the last time, any time等名詞短語用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“每當(dāng)……；每次……；下次……”等。
6．till, until和not ... until
①Have you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday?
②I won not tell the student the answer to the math problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour.
規(guī)律總結(jié)：
(1)until或till表示“某動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到某時(shí)間點(diǎn)才停止”，此時(shí)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主、從句都為肯定式。這兩個(gè)詞可以換用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。
(2)not ... until表示“某動(dòng)作直到某時(shí)間才開始”，主句謂語動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，從句為肯定式。
（二）地點(diǎn)狀語從句
? 地點(diǎn)狀語從句表示地點(diǎn)、 方位。
引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的常用的引導(dǎo)詞是where?；
特殊引導(dǎo)詞有：wherever。例如：
①M(fèi)ake a mark where you have a question.
②Where there is a will, there is a way.
③Where there is water there is life.
④Generally speaking, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.?
⑤You are free to go wherever you like.
⑥Wherever you go, you must obey the law.
⑦Wherever you go, you should work hard.?
⑧Sit wherever you like.
規(guī)律總結(jié)：
(1)地點(diǎn)狀語從句通常由連詞where和wherever引導(dǎo)，從句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。
(2)地點(diǎn)狀語從句在句首時(shí)常兼有抽象條件意味。
（三）原因狀語從句
原因狀語從句表示原因或理由。
引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的常用引導(dǎo)詞有：because, since, as , for,now (that)等。
特殊引導(dǎo)詞有：seeing(that), in (that), considering (that)等。例如：
①He is disappointed because he didn't get the position.
②As it is raining, I will not go out.
③As he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .
④Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.
⑤Now that you mention it, I do remember.
⑥Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.
⑦Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.
⑧Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite?good job.
（四）目的狀語從句
目的狀語從句用來說明主句中謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的目的。目的狀語從句的謂語常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞或詞組有：that,so that, in order that?
特殊引導(dǎo)詞有：lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that例如：
①Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.
②She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.
③They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .
④He left early in case he should miss the train.
⑤Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.
（五）結(jié)果狀語從句
結(jié)果狀語從句表示事態(tài)結(jié)果，通常主句是原因，從句是結(jié)果。
引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的常用引導(dǎo)詞有：so,that,so that,so … that, such … that。例如：
①She was ill, so that she didn’t attend the meeting.
②He was so excited that he could not say a word.
③She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.
④He gave such important reasons that he was excused.
⑤It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.
⑥It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.
【注意】so...that 如此……以致……。其引導(dǎo)的果狀語從句有如下四種結(jié)構(gòu)：
1．so + 形容詞副詞 + that從句
①The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.
②The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.
2．so + 形容詞 + a/ an + 單數(shù)名詞 + that從句
①It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.
②He made so inspiring a speech that everybody got excited.?
3．so + many/few +復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+ that從句
①I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.
②He has so few friend that he often feels lonely.
4．so + much/little +不可數(shù)名詞 + that從句
①I had so little money then that I couldn't even afford a used car.
②He drank so much wine last night that he felt terrible.
【注意】such...that 如此……以致……。其引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果語從句有如下四種結(jié)構(gòu)：
1．such + a/an + 形容詞 + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that從句
①Jenny is such a clever girl that all of us like her very much.
②We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.
2．such + 形容詞 +復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+ that從句
①He gave such important reasons that he was excused.
②They are such interesting novels that all of us want to read them.
3．such + 形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞 + that從句
①He made such rapid progress that the teacher praised him.
②He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.
提示：such+ a /an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以和so +形容詞+a an+單數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)互換。
?He told us such a funny story that we all laughed.
=He told us so funny a story that we all laughed.
=The story he told us was so funny that we all laughed.
【區(qū)別】such/ so……that……引導(dǎo)的狀語從句和such/ so……as……引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
①He is such a clever boy that we everyone likes him. (狀語從句)
②He is so clever a boy that we everyone likes him (狀語從句)
③She had such a fright that she fainted. (狀語從句)
④He is so clever a boy as everyone likes. ( 定語從句)
⑤He is such a clever boy as everyone likes. ( 定語從句)
⑥Luckily such earthquakes as can cause a lot of damage don’t happen very often.（定語從句）
（六）條件狀語從句
? 條件狀語從句分真實(shí)性（有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情）與非真實(shí)性（條件與事實(shí)相反或者在說話者看來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情）條件句。
引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的常用引導(dǎo)詞有：if, unless
特殊引導(dǎo)詞有：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose/supposing that, in case that, on condition that，so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。
注意：條件從句中的if 不能用whether替換。例如：
①If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.
②You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.
③So far as I know, he will be away for three months.
④You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you don’t go too far away from the river bank.
⑤If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.
A .if真實(shí)條件句
真實(shí)條件句表示的假設(shè)是可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞都要用陳述語氣。
①If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him.
②If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property.?
B．if非真實(shí)條件句
在含有非真實(shí)條件句的復(fù)合句中，假設(shè)的情況是不存在的或不大可能發(fā)生的，主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞都要用虛擬語氣。（本部分詳見語法專題九：虛擬語氣）
（七）讓步狀語從句
讓步狀語從句表示讓步關(guān)系。
引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句常用的引導(dǎo)詞有：though, although, even if, even though?
特殊引導(dǎo)詞有：as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，while (一般用在句首 )，in spite of the fact that, whether...or (not) , no matter+特殊疑問詞,whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever等.例如：
①Although he is a child, he knows a lot.
②Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.
③Although (Though) he was over sixty, he began to learn French.
④I’ll go to work even if (though) it rains tomorrow.
⑤Whether you believe it or not, it's true.
⑥Whatever you say, I’ll never change my mind.
⑦Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.
⑧No matter who helps me ,I shall be very grateful.
⑨No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.
（八）方式狀語從句
方式狀語從句表示動(dòng)作的方式。
引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有：as, as if (though)等。例如：
①You must do the exercise as I show you.
②Do as you are told.
③She looks as if she is ill.
④They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.
⑤He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.
規(guī)律總結(jié)：
as if或as though引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛擬語氣，但如果從句中所陳述的情況很可能實(shí)現(xiàn)，用陳述語氣。
（九）比較狀語從句
比較狀語從句表示比較關(guān)系。
引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有：than, so (as) … as, the more … the more等。例如：
①I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.
②She has made greater progress this year than she did last year.
③He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.
④Mary is as old as my sister.
⑤The more you read, the better you understand.
= If you read more, you will understand better.
⑥The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.
⑦The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
⑧The sooner, the better.
⑨The busier he is, the happier he feels.?
⑩The more difficult the questions are, the less likely I am to be able to answer them.?
（十）使用狀語從句時(shí)要注意的幾個(gè)問題
1、在時(shí)間和條件（有時(shí)在方式、讓步等）從句中，主句是一般將來時(shí)，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。例如：?
①We’ll go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
②I’ll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.
2、有些時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步從句，如果從句的主語與主句主語一致（或雖不一致，是it），從句的謂語又包含動(dòng)詞be ，就可省略從句中的“主語 + be”部分。例如：
① When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.
②If (you are) asked you may come in.
③If (it is) necessary I’ll explain to you again.
④Don’t speak until (you are)spoken to.
⑤Pressure can be increased when (it is)needed.
⑥Unless (it is) repaired, the washing machine is no use.
⑦Look out while (you are) crossing the street.
3、注意區(qū)分不同從句：引導(dǎo)的是什么從句，不僅要根據(jù)連詞，還要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意來判別。以where為例，能引導(dǎo)多種從句。例如：?
①You are to find it where you left it.（狀語從句）
②Tell me the address where he lives.（定語從句）
③I don’t know where he came from.（賓語從句）
④Where he has gone is not known yet.（主語從句）
⑤This place is where they once hid.（表語從句）
隨堂練習(xí)
1. the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.
2.When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator ________you don’t cook it immediately.
3.My grandfather still plays tennis now and then，________he’s in his nineties.
4.I really enjoy listening to music ________it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
5.________ you do, don’t be a bystander.
6.________the little panda cried, the mother rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.
7.________some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.
8.________online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
9.It is so cold that you can't go outside ________ fully covered in thick clothes.
10.________ the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it.
11.You won't find paper cutting difficult ________ long as you keep practicing it.
12.________ the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
13.Just ________ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
14.If you miss this chance, it may be years ________ you get another one.
15.We need to get to the root of the problem________ we can solve it.
16.________scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know.
17.________ the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp.
18.The meaning of the word“nice”changed a few times ________ it finally came to include the sense“pleasant”．
19.It was the middle of the night ______ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.
20.The young couple，who returned my lost wallet，left ________ I could ask for their names.
21.Half an hour later，Lucy still couldn't get a taxi ______ the bus had dropped her.
22.Even ________ the forest park is far away，a lot of tourists visit it every year.
23.Lessons can be learned to face the future，________ history cannot be changed.
24.I don't really like the author，________ I have to admit his books are very exciting.
25．You will never gain success ________ you are fully devoted to your work.
26．________ you start eating in a healthier way，weight control will become much easier.


攻重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)
(一)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞及重點(diǎn)句式
1．引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞有：when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as, no sooner ...than, hardly/scarcely ...when, immediately, instantly, the moment, every/each time等。
2．在掌握時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，要注意以下幾個(gè)重點(diǎn)句式：
(1)not ...until ...“直到……才……”
(2)It＋will be/was＋一段時(shí)間＋before ... “過……(時(shí)間)才……”
(3)It＋is/has been＋一段時(shí)間＋since ... “自從……以來多長時(shí)間了”
(4)It＋was＋not long before ...“不久……就……”
(5)No sooner＋had＋主語＋過去分詞 ...than ...(正常語序：主語＋had no sooner＋過去分詞＋than ...) “一……就……”
(6)Hardly/Scarcely＋had＋主語＋過去分詞 ...when ... (正常語序：主語＋had hardly/scarcely＋過去分詞＋when ...)“一……就……”
When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.
我住在那里時(shí)，星期天常到海濱去。
Please don't talk so loud while others are working.
在別人工作的時(shí)候，請別這么大聲音說話。
It was some time before I realized the truth.
過了很長一段時(shí)間我才悟出真相。
He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
＝No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.
他剛完成演講學(xué)生們就開始?xì)g呼起來。
(二)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞的用法
引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有：if, unless(除非), as long as/so long as(只要), in case(以防，萬一), only if(要是……就好了), on condition that, providing/provided (that), suppose/supposing (that)等。
1．if和unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。if表示正面的條件，意為“如果”；unless(＝if ...not)表示反面的條件，意為“除非，如果不”。
If we go on polluting the environment, the earth won't be fit for us to live in.
如果我們繼續(xù)污染環(huán)境，地球?qū)⒉辉龠m合我們居住。
You'll fail the exam unless you study hard(＝if you don't study hard)．
除非你努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則你考試會(huì)不及格。
2．in case, on condition that, providing (that), provided (that), supposing (that), suppose (that)等詞匯意思相近，意為“萬一，假使，假如，在……條件下”。
In case there is a fire, what will we do first?
萬一發(fā)生火災(zāi)，我們首先要做什么？
Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?
假如他們拒絕了我們，我們還能求助于誰？
They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.
他們同意把車借給我們，條件是我們在周末前歸還。
3．a(chǎn)s long as(＝so long as)引導(dǎo)語氣強(qiáng)烈的條件狀語從句，意為“只要”。
As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed.
只要你不灰心，就會(huì)成功。
(三)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞的用法
引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有：because, as, since(既然，因?yàn)?，now (that)(既然), seeing (that), in that等。
1．because語氣最強(qiáng)，表示必然的因果關(guān)系，用來回答why的提問；
2．since語氣稍弱，表示對方已知的原因或事實(shí)，意為“既然；因?yàn)?；由于”，相?dāng)于now (that)；
3．a(chǎn)s語氣最弱，往往不是明顯的原因，只是對結(jié)果的附帶說明。
I was absent from the meeting because I was ill.
因?yàn)槲也×?，所以我缺席了這次會(huì)議。
As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.
由于在下雨，我們不去公園了。
Now (that)/Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting.既然大家都在這里，我們開始開會(huì)吧。
(四)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞的用法
引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞有：although, though, as, even if/though(盡管，即使), while(然而), whether ... or (not), however, whatever, whoever, no matter how/what/who等。
1．a(chǎn)lthough/though(盡管，雖然), even if/though(即使)引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
although與though兩者意思相同，一般可互換，都可以與yet, still或nevertheless連用，但不能和but連用。even if與even though表示“盡管，即使”時(shí)，有退一步設(shè)想的意味。二者引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，可用陳述語氣，也可以用虛擬語氣。
Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.
雖然正下著大雨，但他們還是繼續(xù)踢足球。
Even if/though it is raining, we'll go there.(陳述語氣)
即使下雨，我們也要去那里。
Even if/though I were busy, I would go.(虛擬語氣)
即使忙，我也要去。
2．a(chǎn)s或though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)倒裝的情況
as或though引導(dǎo)的從句放在主句之前時(shí)，常用倒裝語序。從句中的表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形置于句首。若表語是單數(shù)名詞，前置時(shí)要省略冠詞。
Child as/though he is, he can tell the names of all the cars.盡管他是個(gè)孩子，但他能說出所有車的名字。
Much as/though I like it, I won't buy it, for it's too expensive.雖然我很喜歡它，但不會(huì)買，因?yàn)樗F了。
3．whether ...or .../whether ...or not(不管……還是……)；疑問詞＋-ever與no matter＋疑問詞(不管……；無論……)。
I have decided to take the job offer, whether it is good or bad.不管好壞，我已經(jīng)決定接受這份工作邀請。
Whatever (＝No matter what) you say, he won't believe you.(讓步狀語從句)
無論你說什么，他都不會(huì)相信你。
點(diǎn)津：whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever既可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。但“no matter＋疑問詞”不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。
You can take whatever you like.(賓語從句)
你喜歡什么就可以拿什么。
4．while也可作從屬連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于although。
While it has been more than a year since you taught us English, I've missed you a lot.(2017·天津高考書面表達(dá))
盡管你教我們英語才一年多，我真得很想念您。
(五)引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句及其他狀語從句的從屬連詞的用法
引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞有：where, wherever等；引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有：so that, in case/for fear (that), in order that等；引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：so ... that，such ... that, so that等；引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的連詞有： as, as if, as though等；引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的連詞有：as ... as, the same as, more than ..., no more than, such ... as ...等。
We should go where the country needs us most.
我們應(yīng)到國家最需要我們的地方去。
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天氣如此晴朗，以至于我們都想去公園。
He acted as if nothing had happened.他表現(xiàn)得好像什么也沒發(fā)生。
練高頻題點(diǎn)
Ⅰ.語法填空題點(diǎn)全練
1．Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend that they get sweet enough to be eaten.
2．If we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
3．If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people you figure it out.
4．I really enjoy listening to music it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
5． the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.
6． online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
7．You won't find paper cutting difficult as as you keep practicing it.
8．Just a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
9． he once felt like giving up，he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.
10．It is so cold that you can't go outside fully covered in thick clothes.
Ⅰ.完成句子并改寫
1．無論你是誰，都要遵守規(guī)則。
,you must obey the rules. (whoever)
→ ,you must obey the rules. (用no matter＋疑問詞改寫)
2．邁克是一個(gè)誠實(shí)的工人，我們都信任他。
Mike is ,and we all believe in him.
→Mike is we all believe in him.(用such ...that改寫)
→Mike is we all believe in him.(用so ...that改寫)
3．為了能看到日出，我們很早就出發(fā)去了山頂。
,we started for the peak early.
→ ,we started for the peak early.(改寫成目的狀語從句)
4．直到你告訴我，我才知道這件事。
It I had any idea of it.
→ any idea of it.(改為倒裝句)
5．我們一到車站，火車就離開了。
We than the train left.
→ than the train left. (改為倒裝句)

隨堂練習(xí)
一
Xiamen, 　1　(lie) in Fujian Province, is a famous coastal city. As far as I'm concerned, Xiamen is very clean and pretty. In that city, we can enjoy the clear sky, the beautiful sea, 　2　 green tropical plants. 　3　Xiamen is in the southeast of China and close to the sea, it's neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. The best seasons to go to Xiamen are both spring and summer. Besides, 　4　are some famous tourist sites in Xiamen. And the most beautiful scenic spot is Gulangyu Island. We can visit foreign buildings, nice gardens, beautiful parks, and traditional museums there. 　5　we are in Xiamen, 　6　we can't miss is to go to Gulangyu Island, 　7　we won't have a good time.?
However, in recent years, Xiamen has become a lot more modern　8　it used to be. Nowadays, more and more skyscrapers and shopping malls have been built, 　9　makes Xiamen a wonderful city for sightseeing and shopping. So I 　10　 (eager) wish to spend my summer holiday there next time.?
Next year if I have enough time and money, I plan to have a nice sightseeing tour in Xiamen with my close friends. I hope we can spend the happiest time together there.
二
Why does autumn have two names? According to Merriam-Webster, “autumn”appeared first in English in the 1300s, coming from the Latin word “autumnus”. Autumn caught on quickly, likely 　1　 it replaced the original name—“harvest”. 　2　 you might imagine, 　3　 crops were collected from the fields, calling the season“harvest”might make people confused because “harvest”is also the name for the act itself.?
So “autumn”appeared instead of “harvest”. Then the term, “autumn”, 　4　 referred to the season between summer and winter, lasted for a couple of 　5　 (century).“Fall”as a name for the season came about sometime in the 1500s, a shortened version of the very poetic phrase “the fall of leaves”. The English phrase had the true meaning of the season without leading 　6　 any confusion. Not even a century later, the phrase became a simple word: fall.?
Around this same time, the English language was traveling across the globe 　7　 Britain expanded, 　8　 it was going through some changes, as many languages did. This was particularly true in the American colonies (殖民地). Some English words changed in the US, whether in terms of spelling 　9　 in terms of general usage. In the mid-1800s, British and American English speakers further developed in different ways. “Fall”was the common word for “autumn”in the US, 　10　 autumn was regarded as the word for fall in England.?

三
I had hardly sat down on the train and opened a bar of chocolate __1__ a really old man with huge bags sat down across from me.I said hello __2__ him, smiling sweetly and then I suddenly thought, “Why not offer him a piece of chocolate？” So I did.He was quite __3__ (surprise), but accepted and thanked me.He said that people didn't usually do things like this for __4__ (strange) — at least that was what I understood, because he was speaking a really __5__ (usual) dialect, and the train was loud.
Then he opened one of his bags and gave me __6__ handful of freshly picked cherries, __7__ (explain) that he had just taken them from his orchard.The cherries were really lovely, better than those in the shops, and I enjoyed them very much.It had been just an impulse (沖動(dòng)) to offer him a piece of chocolate, but if I __8__ (do) so, I would never have tasted those lovely cherries, __9__ I didn't even know he had at the time.Life is about giving and taking, and it's __10__ (general) true that if you give, you will receive.

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