1. 掌握主旨大意兩大類題型特征2. 區(qū)分主旨大意題的正確選項(xiàng)和干擾項(xiàng)特征3. 掌握主旨大意題不同文體的解題技巧 4. 掌握主旨大意題不同題型的解題技巧
主旨大意題即考查細(xì)節(jié)理解能力, 又考查深層次的推理、概括能力,難度較大。不僅考查考生略讀文章、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意的能力，也對(duì)考生的歸納、概括能力提出了較高的要求。文章中沒有明顯的解題依據(jù)，需要考生從文章中提煉、抽取一些關(guān)鍵詞、主干句進(jìn)行加工概括，才能歸納出文章的主旨。
1.主題類：文章大意題和段落大意題(概括文章或段落的主旨大意)2.標(biāo)題類：標(biāo)題判斷題（選擇最佳標(biāo)題）。要做好主旨大意題，我們首先必須了解其正確選項(xiàng)和干擾選項(xiàng)的特征。
What is the text mainly abut?What is the best title fr the text?What can be a suitable title fr the text?What's the mainly abut?What's the main idea discussed in the first/secnd/.. paragraph?
1. 議論文或說明文：議論文或說明文的主題句一般在文首,但有的在文尾,也 有的首尾呼應(yīng)。2. 新聞報(bào)道： 新聞報(bào)道的主題句就是導(dǎo)語,即文章的首句或首段。正文采取倒金字塔形式--最重要事實(shí), 次要事實(shí),最次要事實(shí)
3. 科研報(bào)告或調(diào)查報(bào)告：反映科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)或調(diào)研結(jié)果的報(bào)道或科普類說明文，內(nèi)容主要包括“科研實(shí)驗(yàn) 結(jié)果或調(diào)查結(jié)果+實(shí)驗(yàn)研究過程或調(diào)查的具體情況”兩大部分,文章主旨就是科研或調(diào)查結(jié)果，因此主題句通常在首段,且常伴有 accrding t a study, a study shwed/prved, this is suggested by the results f new research n, scientists recently reprted, a study claimed 等詞。
4. 記敘文：純記敘文通常沒有主題句,需要讀者自己領(lǐng)悟,從中歸納提煉;但有的在文尾作者會(huì)發(fā)表感慨、感悟或就此發(fā)表議論,主旨也就在此;還有的先發(fā)表某種議論或感慨再講一個(gè)故事或經(jīng)歷,主旨就在文首。
1. 借助各段段落主題句歸納：段首；段中；段尾2. 借助文章主題段進(jìn)行歸納：首段（新聞報(bào)道、說明文、議論文）；尾段 （記敘文、議論文）3. 借助主題詞或關(guān)鍵句歸納：文中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行歸納，多為主 題詞
知識(shí)點(diǎn) 一 　文章大意題
根據(jù)位置確定主題句:1.主題句在文首文章開門見山，給出了主題句，隨之用細(xì)節(jié)對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋、支撐。作者在首段常常亮出觀點(diǎn)、表明立場(chǎng)。大多數(shù)文章的主題句就是文章的首句,所以要認(rèn)真閱讀文章首句。
2. 主題句在文末有的主題句放在文章的末尾,先擺出事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，最后總結(jié), 從而形成強(qiáng)有力的結(jié)論, 要求考生耐心地讀完全文。有時(shí)主題句首尾呼應(yīng)，開篇先提出主題，結(jié)尾再次升華主題。
3. 主題句在文中或隱含 主題句在段中間或隱含在文中, 讓讀者很難發(fā)現(xiàn), 這種情況難度較大,考生要通觀全文,分清主旨細(xì)節(jié),進(jìn)行歸納推理。最后概括出來的中心意思一定要涵蓋全文或整個(gè)段落,切忌以偏概全或離題太遠(yuǎn)、太籠統(tǒng)。 解答此類題時(shí)考生需要把握作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度、語氣等,分析文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu),抓住文章開頭的主題句或文章最后的結(jié)論,捕捉與題目有關(guān)的信息,從而找出能概括文章主旨的題目和中心思想。
【真題典例】 （2023年新高考II卷B篇） Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill’s students live in neighbrhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new. Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgram evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes. “We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says. She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?A. Rescuing Schl GardensB. Experiencing Cuntry LifeC. Grwing Vegetable LversD. Changing Lcal Landscape【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.以及下文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了Abby Jaramill等老師在低收入學(xué)校發(fā)起的培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科學(xué)能力，環(huán)保意識(shí)以及健康生活方式的Urban Spruts花園項(xiàng)目，讓學(xué)生體驗(yàn)鄉(xiāng)村生活，對(duì)學(xué)生影響深遠(yuǎn)。因此推斷B項(xiàng)“體驗(yàn)鄉(xiāng)村生活”符合文意，最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故選B。
通過結(jié)構(gòu)或暗示概括段落大意1.根據(jù)邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)概括段落大意：要準(zhǔn)確概括段落大意，務(wù)必知道該段落的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。如該段為總分順序組織，則主題句在段首；如該段為分總順序組織，則主題句在段尾；如該段為分總分順序組織，則主題句在段中；如該段對(duì)比各事物，則其異同點(diǎn)即為該段大意。一個(gè)主題句常常是一個(gè)段落的開頭,其后是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。在說明文、論述文或新聞報(bào)道中多采用這種形式
知識(shí)點(diǎn) 二 　段落大意題
通過結(jié)構(gòu)或暗示概括段落大意2. 通過暗示揣摩段落大意：2.有時(shí)，作者不直接寫出主題句，而是通過情感態(tài)度等方法暗示性地體現(xiàn)主題，此時(shí)要根據(jù)文中所敘述的事實(shí)和線索綜合判斷去揣摩并概括出段落大意。
【真題典例】(2020年全國(guó)卷ⅢB篇) The creative team behind “Apes” used mtin-capture (動(dòng)作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, spending tens f millins f dllars n technlgy that recrds an actr's perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image (圖像). In this case, ne f a realistic-lking ape.
【真題典例】25．What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?A．The cst f making “Apes.”B．The creatin f digitalized apes.C．The publicity abut “Apes.”D．The perfrmance f real apes.
【答案】B　【解析】段落大意題。 根據(jù)本段第一句可知，“人猿”背后的創(chuàng)作團(tuán)隊(duì)利用動(dòng)作捕捉技術(shù)來創(chuàng)造數(shù)字化動(dòng)物，在記錄演員表演和后期加工處理上花費(fèi)了上千萬美元，最后創(chuàng)造出了猿的圖像。由此可知，本段主要是關(guān)于數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)造。故選B。
1.最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)具備以下三大特征：① 概括性--準(zhǔn)確而又簡(jiǎn)短;② 針對(duì)性--標(biāo)題外延正好與文章內(nèi)容相符;③ 醒目性--能引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望。
知識(shí)點(diǎn) 三 　標(biāo)題歸納題
三大方法：① 正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，揣摩哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)能準(zhǔn)確概括主旨；② 反面否定法：撇開原文，設(shè)想各選項(xiàng)寫出來應(yīng)是什么樣的文章，然后和原文比對(duì)，逐一排除不符項(xiàng)；③ 研讀備選項(xiàng)：認(rèn)真研讀備選項(xiàng)里的中心詞、結(jié)構(gòu)、概括性、修飾詞的變化，查看與中心思想是否相符。
【真題典例】(2021年全國(guó)乙卷C篇) Yu've heard that plastic is plluting the ceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse，” a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168，000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce (來源) f plastic pllutin, but they've recently cme under fire because mst peple dn't need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that's part f Vn Wng's artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate (說明) a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad's wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic，” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10，000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they'd been dumped (傾倒) frm a truck all at nce. Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?A．Artists' Opinins n Plastic SafetyB．Media Interest in Cntemprary ArtC．Respnsibility Demanded f Big CmpaniesD．Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures
【答案】D　【解析】標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知，作者講述了藝術(shù)家Benjamin Vn Wng(本杰明·馮·王)用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑以期望喚起人們對(duì)環(huán)保問題的關(guān)注的事跡，因此D項(xiàng)(海洋塑料變雕塑)適合作文章標(biāo)題。故選D。
1.（2023年湖北武漢?？茧A段練習(xí)） Blinkist, a website and an app, nw summarizes nnfictin titles in the frm f quick takes labeled “blinks”. The end result is mre than ne sentence, but nt by much. Sarah Bakewell’s “At the Existentialist Café” is brken int 11 screens f infrmatin; Michelle Obama’s “Becming” fills 13.What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?A．What Blinkist is.B．Why Blinkist is ppular.C．Hw t use Blinkist.D．Where yu can use Blinkist.
考向 1 文章大意和段落大意題
【答案】A 【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段(Blinkist，一個(gè)網(wǎng)站和一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序，現(xiàn)在號(hào)稱為“blinks”的快速形式總結(jié)非小說標(biāo)題。最終的結(jié)果是不止一句話，但不多。莎拉·貝克威爾的《在存在主義咖啡館》被分解成11個(gè)信息屏幕；米歇爾·奧巴馬的《成為》占了13個(gè)屏幕)”可知，第二段主要介紹了什么是Blinkist。故選A。
（2023年浙江紹興高三統(tǒng)考）Recycling is a great way f ding yur bit fr the envirnment and helping t prtect the earth’s precius resurces. Hwever, a new study has revealed that ur desire t be sustainable maybe ding mre harm than gd. Accrding t waste cmpany Biffa, this is because f “wish-cycling” — assuming that items such as dispsable cffee cup sand pizza bxes will be recycled if put in the recycling bin. In fact, pllutin frm thse items r ther nn-recyclables can result in recyclable items that have been put in the crrect bin ging t landfill. David Heatn, a business directr at Biffa, said: “Pllutin happens when items are dispsed f in the wrng bins r haven’t been cleaned befre being recycled.”
考向 2 標(biāo)題判斷題
Experts at Biffa analyzed the amunts f nn-target and nn-recyclable materials that entered UK material recycling facilities between 2016 and 2020. It was fund that, in 2016, the average pllutin rate f recycling waste was 13.4 percent, rising ver fur years t 17 percent by the end f 2020. This shws that, even as peple are becming mre ec-cnscius, wish-cycling is increasing bth in husehlds and businesses.
The Biffa experts say that ne f the best ways t prevent pllutin f recycling is t clean recyclable waste befre putting it in the bin. They suggest cutting ff the tp f ld pizza bxes and nly recycling that part t avid pllutin frm the grease (油脂). Check the n-packaging recycling label t check it can actually be recycled When it cmes t plastics, Biffa recmmends checking the resin cde, the number in the plastic triangle, t knw whether it shuld g in the recycling bin. In general, resin cdes 1, 2, 4 and 5 are recyclable, while 3, 6 and 7 are nt. Larger items, like electrnics, furniture and batteries, can als be recycled but ften can nt g in husehld recycling bins as they need specialist separating. These will need t be taken t recycling centers r sustainable waste management cmpanies.
“It’s vital as a natin that we get better at effective ‘pre-cycling’— srting waste crrectly befre cllectin t reduce pllutin rates,” added Mr. Heatn.Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?A．Recycling: a Big PrjectB．Wish-cycling: a New TrendC．Wish-cycling: a Grwing CncernD．Pre-cycling: an Effective Methd【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“Hwever, a new study has revealed that ur desire t be sustainable maybe ding mre harm than gd. Accrding t waste result in recyclable items that have been put in the crrect bin ging t landfill. (然而，一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，我們對(duì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的渴望可能弊大于利。據(jù)廢品處理公司 Biffa 稱，這是因?yàn)椤跋Ｍh(huán)”——假設(shè)一次性咖啡杯和比薩餅盒等物品如果放入回收箱就會(huì)被回收利用。事實(shí)上，來自這些物品或其他不可回收物品的污染會(huì)導(dǎo)致已經(jīng)放入正確垃圾箱的可回收物品被送往垃圾填埋場(chǎng))”可知，文章主要講述了“希望回收”所帶來的問題，同時(shí)文章就如何正確回收提出建議，由此可推知，C項(xiàng)“希望循環(huán)：一個(gè)日益關(guān)注的問題”適合做文章標(biāo)題。故選C。
1.( 2023年新高考I卷D篇 ) This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
22. What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?A. The methds f estimatin.B. The underlying lgic f the effect.C. The causes f peple’s errrs.D. The design f Galtn’s experiment.【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段：這種效應(yīng)利用了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即當(dāng)人們犯錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，這些錯(cuò)誤并不總是相同的。有些人常常會(huì)高估，或者低估。當(dāng)這些誤差中有足夠多的誤差被平均在一起時(shí)，它們會(huì)相互抵消，從而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)。如果相似的人傾向于犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤，那么他們的錯(cuò)誤不會(huì)相互抵消。從更專業(yè)的角度來說，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計(jì)是獨(dú)立的。如果由于任何原因，人們的錯(cuò)誤變得相關(guān)或依賴，估計(jì)的準(zhǔn)確性就會(huì)下降。)”可知，本段闡述了人們所犯的錯(cuò)誤不總是相同的，各不相同的誤差平均在一起，相互抵消就會(huì)產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)，討論了獨(dú)立估計(jì)的平均如何由于誤差的消除而導(dǎo)致更準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測(cè)。因此本段主要解釋了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)這一現(xiàn)象的基本邏輯。故選B。
2. ( 2022年新高考I卷C篇 ) Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.34．What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?A．Supprting evidence fr the research results. B.Ptential applicatin f the research findings.C．A further explanatin f the research methds. D．A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
【答案】A??【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.(對(duì)語言數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的分析也證實(shí)，在新石器時(shí)代之后，世界語言的發(fā)音發(fā)生了全球性的變化，在過去幾千年里，“f”和“v”的使用顯著增加。這些聲音在今天許多狩獵采集者的語言中仍然沒有發(fā)現(xiàn))”可知，此段主要是通過介紹語言數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的分析結(jié)果來證實(shí)語音是發(fā)生了很大變化，有些以前使用的語音，現(xiàn)在不一定找得到，因此此處主要是通過相關(guān)證據(jù)進(jìn)一步證明研究結(jié)果。故選A項(xiàng)。

相關(guān)課件

專題4. 閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題（講義）（原卷版+解析版+課件）：

這是一份專題4. 閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題（講義）（原卷版+解析版+課件），文件包含4閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題課件pptx、4閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題講義原卷版docx、4閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題講義解析版docx等3份課件配套教學(xué)資源，其中PPT共48頁， 歡迎下載使用。

專題2. 閱讀理解推理判斷題 （講義）（原卷版+解析版+課件）：

這是一份專題2. 閱讀理解推理判斷題 （講義）（原卷版+解析版+課件），文件包含2閱讀理解推理判斷題課件pptx、2閱讀理解推理判斷題講義原卷版docx、2閱讀理解推理判斷題講義解析版docx等3份課件配套教學(xué)資源，其中PPT共55頁， 歡迎下載使用。

閱讀理解主旨大意題解題思路與技巧淺析 課件 2024屆高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)：

這是一份閱讀理解主旨大意題解題思路與技巧淺析 課件 2024屆高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)，共23頁。PPT課件主要包含了a passage，導(dǎo)語提攜全文，主題句首-中-尾，記敘文六要素等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。

英語朗讀寶

相關(guān)課件 更多

專題一 訓(xùn)練8 主旨大意題課件PPT

專題一 訓(xùn)練8 主旨大意題課件PPT
2023屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解主旨大意題課件

2023屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解主旨大意題課件
高考英語閱讀理解之主旨大意課件

高考英語閱讀理解之主旨大意課件
高考英語閱讀理解主旨大意課件

高考英語閱讀理解主旨大意課件
資料下載及使用幫助
版權(quán)申訴
版權(quán)申訴
若您為此資料的原創(chuàng)作者，認(rèn)為該資料內(nèi)容侵犯了您的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，請(qǐng)掃碼添加我們的相關(guān)工作人員，我們盡可能的保護(hù)您的合法權(quán)益。
入駐教習(xí)網(wǎng)，可獲得資源免費(fèi)推廣曝光，還可獲得多重現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，申請(qǐng) 精品資源制作， 工作室入駐。
版權(quán)申訴二維碼
高考專區(qū)
歡迎來到教習(xí)網(wǎng)
  • 900萬優(yōu)選資源，讓備課更輕松
  • 600萬優(yōu)選試題，支持自由組卷
  • 高質(zhì)量可編輯，日均更新2000+
  • 百萬教師選擇，專業(yè)更值得信賴
微信掃碼注冊(cè)
qrcode
二維碼已過期
刷新

微信掃碼，快速注冊(cè)

手機(jī)號(hào)注冊(cè)
手機(jī)號(hào)碼

手機(jī)號(hào)格式錯(cuò)誤

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼 獲取驗(yàn)證碼

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼已經(jīng)成功發(fā)送，5分鐘內(nèi)有效

設(shè)置密碼

6-20個(gè)字符，數(shù)字、字母或符號(hào)

注冊(cè)即視為同意教習(xí)網(wǎng)「注冊(cè)協(xié)議」及「隱私條款」
QQ注冊(cè)
手機(jī)號(hào)注冊(cè)
微信注冊(cè)

注冊(cè)成功

返回
頂部