Section D　Writing——如何寫(xiě)說(shuō)明文Part Ⅰ　文體感知Ⅰ.框架建構(gòu)：整體理解1．Skim the passage and you will find this expository essay tells us something about the connections between ___________ and some famous ________ architectural marvels.2．The passage mainly tells us that the Lei family, pioneering ________， who for ____ generations were behind the marvels of imperial ________．the Lei FamilyQing-dynastyengineerssevenarchitectureⅡ.文本剖析：特色表達(dá)diligenceinnovationplangenerationambitiousassociatedtreasurebeyondⅢ.識(shí)記下列短語(yǔ)1．have...in common與……有共同之處2．vary from...to...在……之間變化3．in minute detail 詳盡無(wú)遺4．in light of 考慮到……，根據(jù)……5．a(chǎn)long with 與……一起6．be associated with 與……有聯(lián)系7．the spirit of craftsmanship 工匠精神8．show diligence and humility 展現(xiàn)勤奮和謙虛P(yáng)art Ⅱ　寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)技法指導(dǎo)1.文體介紹說(shuō)明文是指以說(shuō)明為主要表達(dá)方式，來(lái)說(shuō)明事物的情況、特征或道理的文體。其特點(diǎn)在于說(shuō)明性、 知識(shí)性和科學(xué)性。2．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)第一部分：提出要介紹的人物(可包括出生時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等基本信息)；第二部分：介紹人物的主要經(jīng)歷、事跡或成就、人物品質(zhì)、貢獻(xiàn)或地位等；第三部分：對(duì)人物進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)與總結(jié)。3．常用表達(dá)(1)XXX, a famous..., was born in..., on...XXX，一位著名的……，X年X月X日生于……(2)XXX, born in..., was a great scientist and inventor.XXX生于……，是一位偉大的科學(xué)家和發(fā)明家。(3)Born in..., XXX is recognised as one of China's greatest scientists, a pioneer of...XXX生于……，被公認(rèn)為中國(guó)最偉大的科學(xué)家之一，是……的先驅(qū)。(4)XXX, known as..., plays a crucial role in...XXX作為……，在……方面發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用。(5)XXX, without whom it would have been impossible for us to..., is one of the academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.XXX是中國(guó)工程院院士之一，沒(méi)有他/她我們就不可能……(6)XXX, the founding father of..., was the founder and promoter of...XXX是……的先驅(qū)，是……的奠基人和倡導(dǎo)者。(7)XXX was so diligent that he worked day and night.XXX是如此勤奮，日夜工作。(8)It was not until he died that his parents and many of his friends realised that he had produced such extraordinary achievements.直到他去世，他的父母和許多朋友才意識(shí)到他取得了如此非凡的成就。(9)Many good qualities are embodied in these heroes and they do deserve respect from all of us.這些英雄身上體現(xiàn)了許多優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)，值得我們所有人尊敬。(10)They are diligent and down to earth, which best demonstrates that the Chinese people are a hardworking people.他們勤奮踏實(shí)，這最能說(shuō)明中國(guó)人民是艱苦奮斗的民族。(11)Happiness of the people always tops the list in their dictionary, and the interests of our country outweigh their own personal ones.人民的幸福永遠(yuǎn)是他們的頭等大事，國(guó)家的利益高于他們個(gè)人的利益。精品展示假定你是李華，英語(yǔ)老師要求學(xué)生們了解“工匠精神”，根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)，用英文寫(xiě)一篇體現(xiàn)工匠精神的人物介紹。1．29歲的工匠王曦是天津楊柳青木版印刷最年輕的繼承人。2．從小喜歡木刻，自從2014年成為學(xué)徒，至今致力于木刻。3．雕刻木頭從來(lái)不是一件容易的工作，孩子們的胳膊和腿的線條以及臉上的細(xì)節(jié)，包括眼睛，都是最具挑戰(zhàn)性的部分。4．老師教導(dǎo)他保持一種平和的心態(tài)以及王曦對(duì)木刻的認(rèn)識(shí)。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________審題謀篇第一步：確定體裁、人稱和時(shí)態(tài)本文為人物介紹，以第三人稱為主，時(shí)態(tài)主要以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主，兼顧其他時(shí)態(tài)。第二步：確定段落第一段：人物介紹第二段：工作情況介紹第三段：對(duì)工作的認(rèn)識(shí)第三步：提煉要點(diǎn)1．________________ 木版印刷2．________________ 獻(xiàn)身于……3．________________ 提醒某人做某事4．_________________ 保持平和的心態(tài)5．________________ 凈化靈魂6．________________ 瞬息變化的世界woodblock printingdevote oneself toremind sb. to do sth.maintain a peaceful mindpurify one's soulfast-changing world第四步：句式升級(jí)1．雕刻木頭從來(lái)不是一件容易的工作，這可能需要一個(gè)月甚至兩個(gè)月的時(shí)間才能完成。(一般表達(dá))Engraving wood is never an easy job, and it may take one or even two months for him to complete.(高級(jí)表達(dá))____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Engraving wood is never an easy job, which may take one or even two months for him to complete.2．孩子們的胳膊和腿的線條以及臉上的細(xì)節(jié)，包括眼睛，都是最具挑戰(zhàn)性的部分，因?yàn)檫@些細(xì)細(xì)的線條應(yīng)該光滑優(yōu)美，足以展現(xiàn)人物生動(dòng)藝術(shù)的表情。(一般表達(dá))The lines of children's arms and legs and the details on their faces, including eyes, are the most challenging parts to carve. These thin lines should be smooth and graceful enough to show the figures' vivid and artistic expressions.(高級(jí)表達(dá))_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ The lines of children's arms and legs and the details on their faces, including eyes, are the most challenging parts to carve, as these thin lines should be smooth and graceful enough to show the figures' vivid and artistic expressions.3．我的老師經(jīng)常提醒我要保持平和的心態(tài)，沒(méi)有這種心態(tài)，手藝就不會(huì)穩(wěn)定和準(zhǔn)確。(without which定語(yǔ)從句)(一般表達(dá))My teacher often reminds me to maintain a peaceful mind. Without the mind, there will be no steadiness or accuracy in craftsmanship.(高級(jí)表達(dá))________________________________________________________________________________________________________ My teacher often reminds me to maintain a peaceful mind, without which there will be no steadiness or accuracy in craftsmanship.連句成篇_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Wang Xi, a 29-year-old craftsman is the youngest inheritor of Yangliuqing woodblock printing in Tianjin. A fan of this art form since his childhood, he has devoted himself to engraving wood since he became an apprentice of woodblock printing in 2014. Engraving wood is never an easy job, which may take one or even two months for him to complete. The lines of children's arms and legs and the details on their faces, including eyes, are the most challenging parts to carve, as these thin lines should be smooth and graceful enough to show the figures' vivid and artistic expressions. “My teacher often reminds me to maintain a peaceful mind, without which there will be no steadiness or accuracy in craftsmanship，” Wang says. “Maybe this job seems boring to others. For me, it seems that I am carving the woodblock, but in fact, I am carving out my life and purifying my soul in this fast-changing world.”單元復(fù)習(xí)　核心考點(diǎn)梳理一、重點(diǎn)單詞1．pose v．(使)擺好姿勢(shì)　n．姿勢(shì)，姿態(tài)pose for 為……擺好姿勢(shì)2．devotion n．深愛(ài)，摯愛(ài)；奉獻(xiàn)，忠心devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于……，致力于……devote one's life/time/energy/attention to 把某人的生命/時(shí)間/精力/注意力奉獻(xiàn)于……be devoted to (doing) sth.致力于(做)某事3．a(chǎn)pproach n．方法，方式；接近，靠近；通路，路徑　v．接近，靠近an approach to (doing) sth.做某事的方法adopt/take an approach 采用一種方法the approach of ……的來(lái)臨4．trial n．試驗(yàn)；試用；審判，審理by trial and error 反復(fù)試驗(yàn)(以得出最佳結(jié)果)on trial 在試用；在受審5．polish v．擦亮，擦光；修改，潤(rùn)色polish up 擦亮，擦光；提高(技能)；改善(外表等)6．preserve v．維護(hù)，保護(hù)；保存，保養(yǎng)；貯存，保鮮 n．保護(hù)區(qū)preserve...from (doing)...保護(hù)……免受……preserve the peace 維護(hù)和平preserve the forest 保護(hù)森林7．dominate v．支配，控制，主宰→domination n．支配，控制，主宰8．a(chǎn)ssociate v．與……有關(guān)；聯(lián)系associate...with...把……與……聯(lián)系起來(lái)be associated with 與……有聯(lián)系in association with 與……有關(guān)聯(lián)；與……聯(lián)合9．comprise v．包括，由……構(gòu)成be comprised of 由……構(gòu)成二、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1．nothing more than 僅僅，不過(guò)是nothing less than 不亞于，完全not...anything more than 不過(guò)，僅僅2．a(chǎn)s much as 和……一樣多；多達(dá)……as much as you can 最大程度地as soon as you can 盡可能快地(時(shí)間)as fast/quick as you can 盡可能快地3．belong to 屬于(某人)；是(俱樂(lè)部、組織等)的成員a sense of belonging 歸屬感personal belongings 個(gè)人財(cái)物，私人用品4．put...into...將……投入……；用……表達(dá)；將……譯成……put...into practice 把……付諸實(shí)施put...into use 將……投入使用put...into (the) action 實(shí)行，實(shí)施5．not once 從未，從來(lái)沒(méi)有(位于句首時(shí)用部分倒裝)at once 立刻，馬上once in a while 偶爾，間或once again＝once more 再一次，又一次all at once 突然6．a(chǎn) passion for sth.對(duì)……的熱愛(ài)，對(duì)……的強(qiáng)烈愛(ài)好with great passion 充滿激情7．die out 滅絕；消失die away (聲音、風(fēng)或光)逐漸消失，逐漸減弱die down 逐漸變?nèi)酰恢饾u平息die off 相繼死去，先后死去(直至死光)8．back down 退讓；認(rèn)輸；承認(rèn)(錯(cuò)誤)back off 后退；放棄back up 堵塞；支持；倒退9．break new ground 開(kāi)辟新的領(lǐng)域；有新發(fā)現(xiàn)hold/stand one's ground 堅(jiān)守陣地，不退縮；堅(jiān)持自己的立場(chǎng)get off the ground 開(kāi)始獲得成功，取得進(jìn)展gain ground 取得優(yōu)勢(shì)，變得更成功lose ground 失去優(yōu)勢(shì)，失利have/keep both feet on the ground 實(shí)事求是，腳踏實(shí)地10．a(chǎn)t one's own pace 按自己的節(jié)奏at a．..pace 以……速度keep pace with 與……并駕齊驅(qū)，與……步調(diào)一致set the pace 確定速度；領(lǐng)跑pace up and down 踱來(lái)踱去11．day in day out 日復(fù)一日地(＝day after day)week in week out＝week after week 連續(xù)幾個(gè)星期，一周又一周month after month 一月又一月，月復(fù)一月year after year 年年，年復(fù)一年12．range from...to...在……到……之間變化；包括從……到……之間的各種事物range between...and...在……到……之間變化a (wide) range of 一系列的；各種各樣的13．bring...back to life 使……復(fù)活；使……恢復(fù)生機(jī)come to life 復(fù)活bring...to a conclusion 使……結(jié)束come to a conclusion 得出結(jié)論bring...to an end 使……結(jié)束come to an end 結(jié)束14．pass on...to...將……傳授/傳遞給……pass by 路過(guò)，經(jīng)過(guò)pass down 把(知識(shí)或技能)往下傳pass through 通過(guò)，經(jīng)歷三、重要句式1．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型： It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that＋其他部分These things were real, and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.這些東西是真實(shí)的，在這種真實(shí)中，坎寧安看到了美好和潛力。2．“no matter＋疑問(wèn)詞”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone, no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered.他珍視自己的正直，不為任何人所動(dòng)搖，無(wú)論提供給他多少免費(fèi)衣物或遠(yuǎn)程航班。3．If it hadn't been for...要不是……If it hadn't been for a three-episode documentary, outsiders would never have known that...要不是那三集紀(jì)錄片，外面的人永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)知道……4．so...that...中so...位于句首引起倒裝So incredible was their skill that many of their buildings survived earthquakes and remained standing over hundreds of years.他們的技術(shù)是如此的不可思議，以至于他們的許多建筑在地震中幸存下來(lái)，并屹立了數(shù)百年。

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高中英語(yǔ)外研版 (2019)選擇性必修 第三冊(cè)電子課本

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