人教版 (2019)必修 第一冊(cè)Unit 4 Natural disasters單元測(cè)試復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)題

這是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一冊(cè)Unit 4 Natural disasters單元測(cè)試復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)題，共8頁(yè)。試卷主要包含了閱讀理解，七選五，完形填空，語(yǔ)法填空，書面表達(dá)等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。

一、閱讀理解
The trnades that recently hit the U.S. are sme f the mst destructive and deadly in histry. The deaths in Kentucky, the hardest stricken state, reached 80 n Mnday, with dzens still nt included. The scale f destructin and timing f the trnades being s late in the year—mst trnades happen in the spring and summer—are leading t discussin abut hw climate change may have affected this deadly disaster.
"In my 40 years as a meterlgist(氣象學(xué)家), this is ne f the mst shcking weather events I've ever experienced," says Jeff Masters, at Yale Climate Cnnectins. "Watching these strms n Friday night, my thught was, 'Is n seasn safe?' Extreme trnades in December. That was mind blwing t me."
Unlike heat waves and flds, the cnnectin between a warming wrld and trnades is cmplex(復(fù)雜的) and uncertain. Scientists have several ideas abut hw trnad behavir may change. Trnades in December are pssible. But it remains t be seen whether climate change will strengthen r increase the frequency(頻率) f trnades.
Accrding t NOAA's data, there has been a recrded increase in the number f bserved trnades since 1950, which experts believe is largely because f better technlgy such as Dppler radar. There's been n bserved increase in the frequency f majr trnades ver time. Fr example, 59 f the mst serius F5 trnades in the U.S. have happened since 1950. But if the strm that destryed Kentucky turns ut t have been an F5, it will have been the first since 2013—bringing t an end the lngest recrded perid s far.
"Hwever, given the general influence f glbal warming n the atmsphere, it makes sense that it shuld be having an effect n trnades t," says Victr Gensini, an extreme weather expert at Nrthern Illinis University. "Rather than asking, 'Did climate change cause this trnad?', it's better t perate under the thught that climate change did play a rle," he says.
While the science n climate change and trnades isn't clear, meterlgists are predicting cnditins benefiting trnades will cntinue this mnth. "T be hnest, I'm wrried abut the rest f the year. I dn't think we're ut f the wds yet," Gensini says.
1、What is the difference between the recent trnades and the nes in the past?
A.The recent trnades caused n deaths.
B.The recent trnades happened in December.
C.The recent trnades hit nly Kentucky.
D.The recent trnades caught peple unprepared.
2、What can be knwn frm Paragraph 3?
A.Waves and flds ften fllw trnades.
B.There is agreement n hw trnades may change.
C.Climate change will make trnades the mst deadly disaster.
D.Scientists are unsure hw climate change influences trnades.
3、Which f the fllwing statements may Victr Gensini agree with?
A.The trnades have nthing t d with climate warming.
B.The science n climate change is advancing very quickly.
C.Climate change mst likely has an effect n trnades.
D.Climate change will make trnades much less frequent.
4、What des the underlined phrase "ut f the wds" mean in the last paragraph?
A.Out f date.B.Out f rder.
C.Out f danger.D.Out f cntrl.
二、七選五
5、Causes f sandstrms
In desert areas, sandstrms are mst cmmnly caused by either thunderstrm utflws (外流) r strng pressure gradients (氣壓梯度) which cause an increase in wind speed ver a wide area. In sme cases, dust and sand may set a limit t a shallw depth by a lw-lying temperature change. ①_________ Drught is anther cause f sandstrms. Pr farming practices make dust and sand free f prtectin frm the wind. ②_________ A sandstrm can transprt and carry large amunts f sand. Deserts are the key surce f sandstrms. Saharan sandstrms have increased abut 10 times during the half century since the 1950s, causing tpsil(表土層) lss in nearby cuntries. ③_________
Sandstrms have als been shwn t increase the spread f disease acrss the glbe. Viruses in the dust are blwn int the atmsphere by the strms. Sme diseases may nt be urgent at the very beginning, but they can develp int deadly nes if left untreated. ④_________
Sandstrms cause sil lss frm the dry land, ding harm t agriculture. Sandstrms als reduce visibility, affecting airplanes and rad transprtatin. ⑤_________
Dust can als have gd effects. Central and Suth American rainfrests get mst f their mineral nutrients frm the Sahara; irn-pr cean regins get irn.
A. This is ne f the effects f sandstrms.
B. Bad results are caused by sandstrms.
C. Dry land farming is ne f the mst serius practices.
D. Peple knw little abut the effects abut sandstrms.
E. In ther cases, dust may be blwn as high as 6,100 meters high.
F. Fr example, a breathing prblem can lead t lung cancer, while dry eyes lead t blindness.
G. In additin, sandstrms als discurage visitrs frm visiting these places, striking turism.
三、完形填空（20空）
6、 Earthquakes are 1 ; thusands f them happen each day. But mst are t weak t feel. During a 2 earthquake, there is ften a great nise first. Then the earth 3 terribly; many huses 4 dwn. Railway tracks break and trains g 5 lines; a great many factries are 6 ; thusands f deaths are caused, and many mre lse hmes. 7 the great damage and deaths caused by the earthquake 8 , ther disasters such as fires ften 9 . Mre buildings are destryed and mre 10 are caused.
It is well knwn f the 11 f a pssible earthquake, and fr centuries man has been making researches n earthquakes. Mre than 2, 000 years ag, 12 , a Chinese scientist named Zhang Heng 13 a machine which culd find ut frm which 14 the seismic (地震的) waves had cme, and this machine is still 15 by scientists tday. Nw we knw much mre abut earthquakes and 16 they happen, but we still cannt 17 exactly when and where an earthquake will happen, and cannt 18 it frm happening. S earthquakes are amng the 19 disasters in the wrld.?
N ne can stp natural earthquakes. 20 , scientists can help stp earthquakes frm destrying whle cities and causing t many deaths.
1. A. cmmnB. unusualC. strangeD. familiar
2. A. realB. weakC. bigD. small
3. A. mvesB. shakesC. jumps D. breaks
4. A. getB. putC. setD. fall
5. A. ffB. nC. intD. behind
6. A. burstB. hurtC. destryedD. buried
7. A. Except B. Besides C. Instead f D. Because f
8. A. lnelyB. later C. themselves D. itself
9. A. fllwB. cpy C. cme D. enter
10. A. quakesB. deathsC. difficultiesD. results
11. A. infrmatin B. questins C. dangersD. shck
12. A. as a resultB. in fact C. fr exampleD. as well
13. A. inventedB. discvered C. fund D. perated
14. A. cuntryB. directin C. wayD. city
15. A. imprved B. repaired C. prtectedD. used
16. A. whereB. when C. whatD. why
17. A. speakB. tell C. talkD. pint
18. A. makeB. prepare C. stpD. let
19. A. wrstB. best C. mstD. fast
20. A. Hwever B. But C. AndD. S
四、語(yǔ)法填空
7、He made ________ a rule t get up befre seven in the mrning.
8、As lng as we make every effrt _____(slve) the prblems, we will surely achieve ur gal.
9、Never befre has ur cuntry been s _____(pwer) as it is tday.
10、Our team f experts will be _____ hand t ffer help between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. daily.
11、Sme nline cheaters trap middle schl students _____ telling their ID numbers.
12、Many animals are brn with the ability t shelter _____ danger.
13、Tday the number f peple learning first aid _____(increase) rapidly.
五、書面表達(dá)
14、 假如你是來自地震災(zāi)區(qū)的李明，你的美國(guó)朋友Tm寫信詢問你的安全、你家鄉(xiāng)的災(zāi)后重建情況，以及你的學(xué)習(xí)、生活情況。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)從以下幾個(gè)方面寫一封回信，內(nèi)容包括：
1.很多人在地震中失去了家人。幸運(yùn)的是，在政府和全社會(huì)的幫助下，我們已經(jīng)從廢墟中站了起來；
2.現(xiàn)在我們正在新建的教室里上課。經(jīng)過這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難，我們變得更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)；
3.現(xiàn)在仍然有很多來自全國(guó)各地的好心人看望我們，他們給我們帶來了愛和信心；
4.我們已決心重建家園，爭(zhēng)取使其變得更美好。
注意：
1.詞數(shù)80左右；
2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；
3.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
Dear Tm,
I'm s glad t hear frm yu. Nw I want t tell yu abut my hmetwn.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Ming
參考答案
1、答案：B
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段最后一句中談到大多數(shù)龍卷風(fēng)在春季和夏季發(fā)生。第二段中的“Extreme trnades in December.”說明最近的龍卷風(fēng)發(fā)生在12月。故選B。
2、答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“但氣候變化是否會(huì)加強(qiáng)龍卷風(fēng)或增加龍卷風(fēng)的頻率還有待觀察?！笨芍?科學(xué)家不確定氣候變化如何影響龍卷風(fēng)。故選D。
3、答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的Victr Gensini可定位到第五段Victr Gensini說的話“然而,考慮到全球變暖對(duì)大氣的普遍影響,全球變暖也應(yīng)該對(duì)龍卷風(fēng)產(chǎn)生影響是有道理的;最好是認(rèn)為氣候變化確實(shí)起到了推動(dòng)作用,而不是問‘是氣候變化造成了這次龍卷風(fēng)嗎?’”由此可推知,Victr Gensini認(rèn)為氣候變化很可能對(duì)龍卷風(fēng)有影響。故選C。
4、答案：C
解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段畫線部分前面的“cnditins benefiting trnades will cntinue this mnth”可知本月可能還會(huì)發(fā)生龍卷風(fēng)。再根據(jù)最后一段中Gensini說的話“老實(shí)說,我擔(dān)心今年剩下的時(shí)間。我認(rèn)為我們還沒ut f the wds?！笨芍狦ensini很擔(dān)心,覺得人們還未擺脫龍卷風(fēng)的危險(xiǎn),ut f the wds 在此處意為“ut f danger(脫離危險(xiǎn))”。故選C。A.過時(shí)的,過期的;B.出故障,不整潔;D.失去控制。
5、答案：ECAFG
解析：①由上文In sme cases, dust...可知E項(xiàng)In ther cases, dust may be blwn as high as 6,100 meters high.(在其他情況下,灰塵可能會(huì)被吹到高達(dá)6,100米高。)承接上文,故選E。
②上文提示“糟糕的耕作方式使灰塵和沙子無法防風(fēng)?！?由此可知,C項(xiàng)Dry land farming is ne f the mst serius practices.(旱地農(nóng)業(yè)是最嚴(yán)重的做法之一。)承接上文,故選C。
③上文提示“沙漠是沙塵暴的主要來源。自20世紀(jì)50年代以來的半個(gè)世紀(jì),撒哈拉沙漠的沙塵暴增加了10 倍,導(dǎo)致附近國(guó)家的土壤流失?！?。A項(xiàng)This is ne f the effects f sandstrms.(這是沙塵暴的影響之一。)切題。故選A。
④上文提示“有些疾病在最開始的時(shí)候可能并不緊急,但如果不及時(shí)治療,它們可能會(huì)發(fā)展成致命的疾病。”,F項(xiàng)Fr example, a breathing prblem can lead t lung cancer, while dry eyes lead t blindness.(例如,呼吸問題可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致肺癌,而干眼癥可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致失明。)承接上文,故選F。
⑤上文提示“沙塵暴也降低了能見度,影響了飛機(jī)和公路運(yùn)輸?！?G項(xiàng)In additin, sandstrms als discurage visitrs frm visiting these places, striking turism.(此外,沙塵暴還阻礙游客參觀這些地方,沖擊旅游業(yè)。)承接上文,故選G。該項(xiàng)中的In additin使上下文緊密相連。
6、答案：ACBDA CBDAB BCCAB DBCAA
解析：1.A 根據(jù)后面的 thusands f them happen each day可知答案。
2.C 根據(jù)后面的描述可知, 應(yīng)該是一次大地震。
3.B 根據(jù)常識(shí)首先排除C。shake指"震動(dòng), 晃動(dòng), 搖動(dòng)"; mve指"移動(dòng)"; break指"破碎"。故選B。
4.D fall dwn在此指"房屋倒塌"。
5.A 鐵路軌道破裂, 所以火車偏離鐵軌。ff指"離開, 不相連", 其他三個(gè)詞均不符合語(yǔ)境。
6.C 此處指"工廠被毀"。burst 指"爆炸; 脹破"; hurt指"傷害, 使受傷"; bury指"埋葬", 這三個(gè)詞均不符合語(yǔ)境。
7.B 句意：除了地震本身所造成的巨大破壞和死亡以外, 其他的災(zāi)害也隨之而來, 例如火災(zāi)。besides既包括地震本身所造成的破壞和死亡, 也包括其他的災(zāi)害。如果用except, 則不包括地震本身所造成的破壞和死亡, 所以不符合語(yǔ)境。
8.D 這里指地震本身所造成的破壞與死亡, 故選D。
9.A B、D兩項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境, 先排除; fllw有"隨之而來"之意, 而cme只表"來到"。
10.B 大火造成的兩大結(jié)果：房屋被毀, 人員死亡。
11.C 根據(jù)上下文可知, 地震的危險(xiǎn)性是眾所周知的, 所以人們一直在做有關(guān)地震的研究。
12.C 此處舉例說明人們?cè)谶@方面的研究。
13.A invent發(fā)明; discver 發(fā)現(xiàn); find找到; perate操作, 運(yùn)行。根據(jù)句意可知A正確。
14.B A、D兩項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境, 先排除; directin表"方位, 方向", 而way則指"路, 道或路線", way也可以指"方向", 但一般用在this, that, which等之后構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)。
15.D 科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在仍在使用這種機(jī)器。
16.D C項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)法, 先排除; when和where在下句中出現(xiàn)。
17.B 但是我們?nèi)匀徊恢赖降资裁磿r(shí)候、在哪兒會(huì)發(fā)生地震。tell有"說出, 知道, 斷定"之意。
18.C 首先, 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境應(yīng)選擇表示"終止, 停止"的詞; 其次, 根據(jù)固定搭配stp sb./sth. (frm) ding…可知C項(xiàng)正確。
19.A 根據(jù)上下文可知, 地震是最嚴(yán)重的災(zāi)害之一。
20.A 此處用逗號(hào)隔開, 所以選副詞hwever; but為連詞, 不能用逗號(hào)隔開。
7、答案：it
解析：考查it的用法。當(dāng)make的賓語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，通常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)代替真正的賓語(yǔ)，并把動(dòng)詞不定式放在后面，構(gòu)成"make + it +adj./n.+ t d sth."結(jié)構(gòu)。
8、答案：t slve
解析：考查不定式。make every effrt t d sth.意為“盡一切努力做某事”,故填t slve。句意:只要我們盡一切努力解決問題,我們就一定會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的目標(biāo)。
9、答案：pwerful
解析：考查形容詞。設(shè)空處前面有been和表示程度的副詞s,故此處需用形容詞作表語(yǔ),故填pwerful,表示“我們的國(guó)家以前從來沒有像現(xiàn)在這樣強(qiáng)大過”。
10、答案：n
解析：考查介詞。句意:每天上午8點(diǎn)到下午5點(diǎn),我們的專家小組將隨時(shí)提供幫助。n hand 現(xiàn)有(尤指幫助)。
11、答案：int
解析：考查介詞。trap sb. int ding sth.誘騙某人做某事。故填int。句意:一些網(wǎng)絡(luò)騙子誘騙中學(xué)生說出他們的身份證號(hào)。
12、答案：frm
解析：考查介詞。句意:很多動(dòng)物天生就有躲避危險(xiǎn)的能力。shelter frm...意為“躲避……”。
13、答案：is increasing
解析：考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。句意:現(xiàn)在,學(xué)習(xí)急救的人的數(shù)量在快速增加。分析可知,主語(yǔ)為"the number f+名詞", 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)形式,結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知是表示現(xiàn)在這個(gè)人數(shù)正在快速增加,需用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一種進(jìn)行的趨勢(shì),故填is increasing。
14、答案：
Dear Tm,
I'm s glad t hear frm yu. Nw I want t tell yu abut my hmetwn. Many peple lst their families in the earthquake. Luckily, with the help f the gvernment and the whle sciety, we have gradually recvered frm the earthquake.
Nw we are studying in ur newly-built classrms. Thrugh the disaster, we have becme much strnger. There are still many warm-hearted peple frm all ver the cuntry cming t see us. They bring us lve and cnfidence. Nw we are determined t rebuild ur hmetwn and try t make it a better place.
Yurs,
Li Ming
解析：