?

[話題素材]
好詞
1．low-carbon adj. 低碳的
2．severely adv. 嚴(yán)重地
3．healthy adj. 健康的
4．balanced adj. 均衡的
5．keep away from 遠(yuǎn)離
6．take_it_easy 別著急；慢慢來(lái)；不要慌
7．a(chǎn) majority of 大多數(shù)
8．save energy 節(jié)約能源
9．a(chǎn)s_follows 如下
10．in no time 立刻
11．on condition that 條件是
12．protect...against 保護(hù)……免受……
13．run out 用完
佳句
1．Nothing is more precious than you keep fit.
再也沒(méi)有什么比你保持健康更珍貴了。
2．No_matter_how often they turn up, their welcome never wears out.
不管他們多久露面一次，都永遠(yuǎn)那么受歡迎。
3．According_to my personal experience, neither you nor I am unlikely to persuade him to deal with the matter immediately.
根據(jù)我的個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)，你和我都不可能說(shuō)服他馬上處理這件事。
[精美語(yǔ)篇]
It is said that sports is an important form of life. Sports can help everyone keep healthy, enrich our life and maintain our psychological health, and help us relax after a period of exhausting work. A person who often takes exercise is always full of energy. Sports can also make people look younger than they really are. What's more, it produces chances to train our intelligence. Because we think actively when we do exercise.
My participation in sports tells me that sports can make us healthy both physically and psychologically. It is also a good way for people to know each other and can promote friendship between people. So long as we are careful enough, sports can do us nothing but good.
Personally, I love sports. I enjoy participating in sports. I feel that I not only gain a well-balanced life through sports, but also get more chances to move closer to nature. Sports have really added happiness to my daily life.

高頻單詞
1．tolerate (vt.) 容忍→tolerant (adj.) 容忍的；寬容的→tolerance (n.) 容忍；忍受
2．fundamental (adj.) 根本的，基礎(chǔ)的
3．seek (vt.) 尋找→seeker (n.) 尋找者；追求者
4．oppose (vt.) 反對(duì)→opposition (n.) 反方；對(duì)立面→opposite (adj.) 相反的；對(duì)面的→opposed (adj.) 反對(duì)的
5．violate (vt.) 違反；違背→violent (adj.) 猛烈的→violence (n.) 暴力
6．postpone (vt.) 推遲，延期
7．prohibit (vt.) 禁止→prohibition (n.) 禁止
8．faith (n.) 信心→faithful (adj.) 忠誠(chéng)的；忠實(shí)的→faithfully (adv.) 忠誠(chéng)地
9．rob (vt.) 使喪失；搶劫→robber (n.) 強(qiáng)盜→robbery (n.) 盜竊
10．decline (vi.) 下降 (n.)減少；下降；衰減
11．minimum (n.) 最低，最小→maximum (n.) 最高，最大
12．equip (vt.) 使有準(zhǔn)備→equipment (n.) 設(shè)備；裝備
13．fortune (n.) 大筆錢財(cái)，巨款；運(yùn)氣→fortunate (adj.) 幸運(yùn)的→fortunately (adv.) 幸運(yùn)地
14．enquiry (n.) 詢問(wèn)→enquire (vt.) 詢問(wèn)；調(diào)查
15．submit (vt.) 提交→submission (n.) 提交
16．extension (n.) 延期→extend (v.) 延長(zhǎng)
17．concern (n.) 擔(dān)心；擔(dān)憂→concerned (adj.) 關(guān)心的；擔(dān)憂的→concerning (prep.) 關(guān)于；有關(guān)
18．circumstance (n.) 情形；情況
重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
1．a(chǎn)t_all_costs　不管多大代價(jià)；無(wú)論如何
2．straight_away 立刻；馬上
3．in_vain 徒然；白費(fèi)力氣
4．a(chǎn)t_random 隨便地；隨意地
5．wipe_out 徹底消失
6．stop_sth._in_its_tracks 終止；消滅
7．a(chǎn)t_any_rate 無(wú)論如何；至少
8．bring up 教育；養(yǎng)育；嘔吐；引述
9．go through 經(jīng)歷；通過(guò)
10．put off 推遲
11．get down to 開(kāi)始做
12．get through 通過(guò)(考試等)；完成
13．focus on 聚集；集中；對(duì)準(zhǔn)
14．for good (and all) 長(zhǎng)期地；永遠(yuǎn)地
15．miss out 遺漏；遺忘；錯(cuò)過(guò)機(jī)會(huì)
熱點(diǎn)句型
1．if引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)
Many contemporary amateur athletes would_have_broken_world_
records_if_they_had_taken_part_in the first Olympic Games.(教材P34)
許多當(dāng)代的業(yè)余運(yùn)動(dòng)員如果參加了首屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)，他們會(huì)打破很多項(xiàng)世界紀(jì)錄的。
2．rather than是一個(gè)并列連詞，表示“而不是”
The Olympic spirit－the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather_than winning－h(huán)as been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.(教材P34)
人們不惜任何代價(jià)想獲勝的愿望違背了重在參與而不是獲勝的奧林匹克精神。
3．It is＋adj.＋to do sth. 句式
Unfortunately, it_is_not_easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs. (教材P34)
不幸的是，要檢查出運(yùn)動(dòng)員服用違禁藥物是不容易的。
4．have sth. done結(jié)構(gòu)
In the future, athletes who have_their_genes_changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.(教材P34)
將來(lái)，改變基因的運(yùn)動(dòng)員有可能創(chuàng)下8秒跑完100米的紀(jì)錄或不到兩小時(shí)跑完馬拉松的記錄。
5．sb. /sth. be believed to...為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“某人或某物被認(rèn)為是……”
Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the_Spanish_Flu_is _believed_to_have_been the most acute epidemic in history.(教材P38)
西班牙流感在18個(gè)月內(nèi)使多達(dá)5千萬(wàn)人喪命，并且發(fā)病的傾向?yàn)椋耗贻p力壯的而不是老年人容易發(fā)病，它被認(rèn)為是歷史上最嚴(yán)重的流行性傳染病。
教材復(fù)現(xiàn)
在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
1．________ (take) these drugs is known as “doping” and although they enhance performance, they also cause serious health problems in later life for those ________ abuse them.
答案：Taking; who
2．Ben Johnson ________ still be the 100 metres world record holder if he hadn't been caught ________ (take) drugs in the 1988 Olympics.
答案：would; taking
3．Doping is not only a problem in athletics, it is part of every sports where athletes seek ________ achieve beyond their ________ (nature) limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.
答案：to; natural
4．Unfortunately, it is not easy to catch athletes ________ (use) illegal drugs.
答案：using
5．The Olympic spirit－the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than ________ (win)－h(huán)as been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.
答案：winning
6．Since Bird Flu first appeared in 1997, it has ________ (take) more than a hundred lives.
答案：taken
7．________ is important to look at the spread of diseases throughout history to discover the causes and effects of epidemics.
答案：It
8．In urban areas all over Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East, up ________ one half of the population was lost to the Black Death.
答案：to
9．Her husband ________ (disagree) and said that Terri would not have wanted to live on in this state.
答案：disagreed
10．I agree with the decision of the courts and medical institutions in the United States, ________ in the case of long-term coma states，...
答案：that


1　　

They also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them. (P34)
對(duì)濫用興奮劑的人來(lái)說(shuō)，興奮劑也會(huì)給他們以后的生活帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的健康問(wèn)題。

(1)abuse sb. 辱罵某人，虐待某人
abuse drugs/alcohol 吸毒/酗酒
abuse one's position/power 濫用職權(quán)/權(quán)力
(2)drug abuse 濫用毒品
alcohol abuse 酗酒
abuse of power 濫用職權(quán)
①[2013·江西高考]It will hit back at you if you abuse it.
如果你虐待它，它將回?fù)裟恪?br /> ②[朗文詞典]He abused_his_position as mayor by giving jobs to his relatives.
他濫用市長(zhǎng)職權(quán)，任用親屬。
③[朗文詞典]She had been abusing_drugs since she was twelve.
她從十二歲起就吸毒。
④[朗文詞典]People were shouting abuse at the soldiers.
人們高聲辱罵那些士兵。
2　　

The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.(P34)
由于它是影響巨大的欺騙形式，所以體育界是不會(huì)容忍運(yùn)動(dòng)員服用興奮劑的。

(1)tolerate (sb.) doing sth. 容忍/容許做某事
(2)tolerant adj. 容忍的；寬容的
be tolerant of/towards 對(duì)……容忍；寬容
(3)tolerable adj. 可容忍的；可忍受的
(4)tolerance n. 容忍
have (no) tolerance of/for... 對(duì)……(毫不容忍)
一言串記
We are in favor of tolerance,_but it is very difficult to tolerate the intolerant and impossible to tolerate the intolerable things.
我們贊成容忍，但是很難容忍不容異己的人，也不可能容忍無(wú)法容忍的事情。
①[2014·廣東高考]I can't tolerate any more excuse.
我不能再忍受任何借口了。
②[牛津詞典]I won't tolerate_your_behaving in this way.
我不能容忍你這樣做。
③[牛津詞典]The heat was tolerable at night but suffocating during the day.
這種炎熱的天氣在夜間尚能忍受，但白天就令人感到呼吸困難。
④[牛津詞典]Her own mistakes made her very tolerate_of/towards (the faults of) others.
她因自己有錯(cuò)誤，對(duì)別人(的錯(cuò)誤)就根本不計(jì)較了。
⑤[朗文詞典]He had little tolerance_for/of mistakes.
他幾乎不能容忍錯(cuò)誤。
3　　 seek (sought， sought)　vt.尋找；尋求；謀求；征求(意見(jiàn)，建議)；請(qǐng)求(幫助，援助)　vi. 試圖；企業(yè)；尋找

Doping is not only a problem in athletics, it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.(P34)
服用興奮劑不僅僅是田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)存在的問(wèn)題，每個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目都存在這個(gè)問(wèn)題，運(yùn)動(dòng)員為尋求取得超常體育成績(jī)而準(zhǔn)備這樣欺騙。


①[2014·天津高考]The book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
這本書(shū)使那些想尋求自己的答案的學(xué)生產(chǎn)生自信心。
②[牛津詞典]We sought her out to tell her of her success.
我們找到她，告訴她她成功了。
③Scientists have been seeking_to_understand the mystery of the “sixth sense” of direction.
科學(xué)家一直在試圖解開(kāi)方向的第六感官之謎。
④They sought_for a place to shelter from the rain, but in vain.
他們尋找避雨的地方，但沒(méi)能找到。
4　　

Gene-therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.(P34)
基因治療是很有爭(zhēng)議的，許多人反對(duì)進(jìn)一步研究。

(1)oppose (sb.) doing sth. 反對(duì)(某人)做某事
oppose sth. to/against sth.
使某事物與另一事物對(duì)照或?qū)?br /> (2)opposed adj. 相反的；對(duì)立的
be opposed to＝oppose oneself to＝object to＝be against 反對(duì)；與……對(duì)立
as opposed to 與……對(duì)照；與……對(duì)比；而非
(3)opposite adj. 相對(duì)的；對(duì)面的　n. 對(duì)立的人(物)；對(duì)立面　adv. 對(duì)面
①[牛津詞典]He opposed the proposal to build a new hall.
他反對(duì)修建新禮堂的建議。
②[2014·四川高考]This is_opposed_to the “early bird” schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight.
這是一種與“早起鳥(niǎo)”型相反的類型的人，是一種生活失序經(jīng)常熬夜到午夜的人。
③[朗文詞典]The teaching is geared to practical problems, as_opposed_to theory.
該教學(xué)旨在解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題，而不是教授理論。
④[牛津詞典]Do not oppose your will against mine.
不要用你的意愿和我的抗衡。
5　　

I decided not to postpone studying and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away.(P37)
我決定不推遲學(xué)習(xí)，并每天早上早起直接準(zhǔn)備去工作。

postpone doing sth.＝delay doing sth.＝put off doing sth. 延緩做某事，推遲做某事
postpone sth. until/till/to 把某事推遲到……
①[2013·廣東高考]It has been decided the meeting should be postponed until next Saturday.
已經(jīng)決定，會(huì)議延期到下星期六舉行。
②[牛津詞典]Let's postpone_making a decision until we have more information.
咱們?cè)讷@取更多情報(bào)之后再做決定不遲。
③[牛津詞典]The match was postponed_to the following Saturday because of bad weather.
比賽因天氣不好而延期到下周六進(jìn)行。
6　　

Since the SARS epidemic ended, scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.(P38)
自從SARS流行病結(jié)束以來(lái)，科學(xué)家們一直在對(duì)治療進(jìn)行反復(fù)試驗(yàn)以阻止任何未來(lái)疫情的突然爆發(fā)。

(1)prohibit doing sth. 禁止/阻止做某事
prohibit sb. from doing sth.＝prohibit one's doing sth.＝prevent/stop/keep sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
(2)prohibition n．禁止；禁令
①[2014·課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ]In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons.
在1897年，美國(guó)密歇根州通過(guò)一項(xiàng)法律，禁止獵殺旅鴿。
②Smoking is prohibited.
禁止吸煙。
③[牛津詞典]The law prohibits tobacconists from_selling cigarettes to children.
法律禁止煙販向兒童出售香煙。
④[朗文詞典]Stores are prohibited_from_selling alcohol to people under 21.
禁止商店向21歲以下人群售酒。
7　　

Terri had fallen into a coma in 1990 when a heart attack robbed her brain of oxygen causing permanent harm.(P40)
1990年，特里心臟病發(fā)作，由于大腦缺氧造成了永久性傷害，陷入昏迷狀態(tài)。

(1)rob sb. of sth.搶劫或剝奪某人某物；使某人喪失某物
(2)robbery n. 盜竊，搶劫
robber n. 強(qiáng)盜，搶劫犯
(3)steal sth. from sb./sp. 從某人/某地竊取某物
①[2015·重慶高考]I just heard the bank where Dora works was_robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.
我剛剛聽(tīng)說(shuō)一個(gè)戴面具的持槍歹徒搶劫了多拉工作的那家銀行。
②[朗文詞典]A hamstring injury robbed him of his speed.
腿筋受傷使得他發(fā)揮不出以前的速度了。
③[牛津詞典]I was robbed_of my cash and cheque-book.
我的現(xiàn)金和支票薄被搶了。
④[2014·湖北高考]The police will reward whoever provides useful information to catch the robber.
任何人提供有用信息幫助抓住劫匪，警方將予以獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。
⑤[朗文詞典]Most home robberies are drug-related.
多數(shù)的入室搶劫案都與吸毒有關(guān)。
易混辨析
rob
用來(lái)談?wù)摫粨尳俚娜嘶虻胤?，尤其是銀行“rob＋被搶的人/地”，短語(yǔ)為rob sb. of... 譯作：“搶劫某人/某地的事物”
steal
用來(lái)談?wù)摫煌当I的物品，短語(yǔ)為steal sth. from/sb./sp.
[一言辨異]
A thief stole my money from the desk drawer; and what's worse, I was robbed of the money on the way back home from the bank.
小偷從我的桌子抽屜里偷走了我的錢，更糟糕的是，我在從銀行回家的路上被搶劫了。
圖解助記

⑥用steal/rob的適當(dāng)形式填空
a．[朗文詞典]Two local men were arrested for ________ a car.
b．The old lady came to the police station and claimed to be ________ of her purse when she was shopping.
c．The passing years ________ from us one thing after another.
d．They knocked him down and ________ him of his briefcase.
答案：a.stealing B．robbed
C．steal D．robbed
8　　 decline　vt.拒絕；謝絕　vi.下降；變少；衰減，拒絕　n.減少；下降；衰減

...it is generally agreed that a patient's chances of recovery decline...(P40)
……通常認(rèn)為病人康復(fù)的可能性下降了……

(1)decline to_do sth. 婉拒做某事
(2)a decline in/of sth. 在某方面減少/下降
in decline/on the decline 在消減；在衰退
fall/go_into (a) decline 失去力量、影響等
①[2014·山東高考]She declined and instead went to work for Sedgewick.
她拒絕了，相反她去為Sedgewick工作了。
②[2014·山東高考]A company whose profits from home markets are_declining may seek opportunities abroad.
在國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)利潤(rùn)下降的公司可能會(huì)尋求到國(guó)外發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)。
③In spite of many invitations, he would always decline_to visit Oxford.
盡管多次受到邀請(qǐng)，他還是拒絕去牛津。
④[朗文詞典]During the last ten years, the construction industry has been in_decline.
過(guò)去十年里，建筑業(yè)一直在走下坡路。
9　　

There's no doubt that this will equip us to cure all sorts of illnesses, from heart disease to cancer.(P41)
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)它將裝備我們以治愈從心臟病到癌癥的各種疾病。

(1)equip sb. /sth. with sth. 用某物裝備某人/某物
be equipped_with sth. 裝備有某物
equip sb. /sth. for (doing) sth. 為(做)某事而準(zhǔn)備
(2)equipment n. 設(shè)備，設(shè)施
①[朗文詞典]The new school will be_equipped_with the latest computers.
新學(xué)校將裝備最新的計(jì)算機(jī)。
②[牛津詞典]Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.
請(qǐng)準(zhǔn)備一支尖的鉛筆和一塊橡皮參加考試。
③[牛津詞典]They equipped themselves for the expedition.
他們?yōu)檫h(yuǎn)征治裝。
④[2014·廣東高考]Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment.
大部分人進(jìn)行研究是通過(guò)衛(wèi)星和其它高科技設(shè)備。
10　　

You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June.(P41)
你本應(yīng)該在6月14日提交它(文章)。

(1)submit sth. to 把……提交給……，向……提出……
submit sb./oneself to 使某人/自己甘受/服從
submit to 服從于，屈從于
(2)submission n. 服從；順從；提交
一言串記
He submitted to the headmaster's order finally that all teachers should submit that report to the headmaster.
他最終服從了校長(zhǎng)的命令——所有的老師都應(yīng)將那份報(bào)告呈交給校長(zhǎng)。
－特別提示－
在submit sth. to短語(yǔ)中，submit是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“呈交”；而在submit to短語(yǔ)中，submit是不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“服從”。
①[牛津詞典]I refuse to submit.
我絕不屈服。
②[2013·北京高考]You are free to submit the article.
你可以自由地提交文章。
③[朗文詞典]I submitted the plan to the committee yesterday.
昨天我把計(jì)劃書(shū)提交給委員會(huì)了。
④[朗文詞典]They refused to submit_to the kidnapper's demands.
他們拒絕服從綁匪的要求。
過(guò)關(guān)演練
在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1．[2015·江蘇高考]It sometimes requires the reader ________ (tolerate) unpleasantness or annoyance.
答案：to tolerate　require sb. to do “要求某人做……”。
2．[2013·福建高考]The event was held for young people from around the world, ________ (seek) their views on how the future of youth and education should look.
答案：to seek　不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。
3．All the members present ________ (oppose) the plan bitterly.
答案：opposed　此句謂語(yǔ)為過(guò)去時(shí)。
4．It was an unpopular decision to postpone ________ (build) the new school.
答案：building　postpone doing sth. “推遲做某事”。
5．[2015·天津高考]Please note that any ________ (prohibit) items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.
答案：prohibited　過(guò)去分詞作items的定語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)。
6．The young man robbed her ________ her bag.
答案：of　rob sb. of sth.“搶劫某人某物”。
7．[2015·天津高考]Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was beyond our range, so we ________ (decline)．
答案：declined　由前句中sounded及was可知此句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
8．[朗文詞典]The program equips youngsters ________ technical skills.
答案：with　equip sb. with sth. “用某物裝備某人”。
9．He submitted himself ________ a search by the guards.
答案：to　submit sb. to... “使……甘受/服從……”。

1　　

Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all in vain. (P34)
弗洛伊德·蘭蒂斯做了幾次站不住腳的辯解，責(zé)怪他因傷服用的藥物，但是這些都是徒勞的。


①I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but in_vain.
我曾苦苦的探求解決問(wèn)題的辦法，但都是徒勞。
②[朗文詞典]All our work was in_vain.
我們的工作全白干了。
③The police tried in_vain to break up the protest crowds.
警察企圖驅(qū)散抗議的人群，但是沒(méi)有成功。
2　　

The Olympic spirit has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.(P34)
奧運(yùn)精神已經(jīng)被不惜一切代價(jià)獲得成功的欲望所玷污了。

(1)at the cost of 犧牲；以……為代價(jià)/犧牲
at a cost of 以……的價(jià)格
at any cost＝at all costs 以任何代價(jià)
at cost 按成本價(jià)
(2)to one's cost 付了代價(jià)；吃了苦頭
(3)cost sb. sth. 花費(fèi)某人……；使某人付出/喪失……
①The bridge must be repaired within three days at_all_costs.
要不惜一切代價(jià)在3天內(nèi)把橋修好。
②[牛津詞典]We must at_all_costs prevent them from finding out about the plan.
我們無(wú)論如何不能讓他們探知這個(gè)計(jì)劃。
③[朗文詞典]We need to get that contract, at_any_cost/at_all_costs.
我們必須得到那份合同，不惜任何代價(jià)。
④[朗文詞典]The software is available at_a_cost_of $30.
這個(gè)軟件可以花30美元買到。
⑤[牛津詞典]She saved him from drowning but only at_the_cost_of her own life.
他遇溺時(shí)她把他救了，但卻犧牲了她自己的生命。
3　　 wipe out 徹底毀滅；全部摧毀；除去或取消某事物；擦試(盆、碗等的內(nèi)部

Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas.(P38)
流行病可以消滅居住在城市的多達(dá)一半的人口。


①[2013·江西高考]We are always ready to wipe_out any enemy who dares to attack.
我們時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備消滅一切膽敢來(lái)犯之?dāng)场?br /> ②[北師大⑧－22]A volcanic eruption nearly wiped_out the small island of Montserrat in 1997.
1997年的一次火山噴發(fā)差點(diǎn)把蒙塞拉特這一小島給毀滅了。
③Don't wipe the scales off the fish.
不要把魚(yú)鱗剔除。
4　　

If trends continue the way they're going, then in my opinion, yes－in developed countries at any rate.(P41)
如果這種趨勢(shì)繼續(xù)以它們現(xiàn)在的方式發(fā)展下去的話，我認(rèn)為至少在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家是那樣的。


①[牛津詞典]That's one part of the job done at any rate.
不管怎么說(shuō)，這工作已經(jīng)做了一部分了。
②[朗文詞典]He is what, 17? At_any_rate,_he is old enough to go on his own.
他多大了，17？不管怎么說(shuō)，他都該自立了。
③[朗文詞典]At_this_rate,_we'll never afford a vacation.
照這種情形看，我們永遠(yuǎn)也度不起假。
過(guò)關(guān)演練
選詞填空
at the cost of； wipe out； at all costs； in vain； at a rate of； at any rate
1．We should promote the project ________.
答案：at all costs
2．He succeeded ________ his health.
答案：at the cost of
3．His efforts to raise money for his program were ________ because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.
答案：in vain
4．[朗文詞典]Fires ________ half of the city.
答案：wiped out
5．The car is running ________ eighty kilometers an hour.
答案：at a rate of
6．He doesn't understand me, or ________ not fully.
答案：at any rate

1 The Olympic spirit－the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning－h(huán)as been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.(P34)
人們不惜任何代價(jià)想獲勝的愿望違背了重在參與而不是獲勝的奧林匹克精神。
－特別提示－
(1)rather than為并列連詞，意為“而不是；與其……不如……”，這一表達(dá)方式通常用在平行結(jié)構(gòu)中，連接相同的句子成分，即rather than前后兩部分在成分和形式上應(yīng)當(dāng)一致。
(2)rather than連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與rather than前面的詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。

(1)prefer to do sth. rather_than do sth.
寧愿做……而不做……
(2)would do sth. rather than do sth.
would rather do sth. than do sth.
寧愿做……而不做……
①[朗文詞典]We usually travel by train rather than by plane.
我們通常坐火車而不是乘飛機(jī)出行。
②[牛津詞典]She'd rather die than lose the children.
她寧可死也不愿失去孩子們。
③She preferred to stay at home rather_than go shopping with him.
她寧愿待在家里，而不愿與他去購(gòu)物。
④Mary, rather_than you, is to blame for not finishing the work on time.
是瑪麗而不是你因?yàn)闆](méi)有按時(shí)完成工作而受責(zé)備。
2　　 It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.(P34)
獲勝者要強(qiáng)制性地進(jìn)行檢查，而其他參與者只是隨意地檢查。
本句為“It is＋adj.＋(for sb.) to do sth.”句式，it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是不定式短語(yǔ)to do sth.。

(1)在“It is＋adj.＋for sb. to_do sth.”句式中，作表語(yǔ)的形容詞說(shuō)明不定式行為的性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)，常見(jiàn)的有：easy, difficult, important, necessary, vital, possible等。
(2)在“It is＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.”句式中，作表語(yǔ)的形容詞說(shuō)明不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)的品行、性格或性質(zhì)，常見(jiàn)的有：kind, nice, good, clever, wise, careful, stupid, foolish, rude等。
①How silly it_was_of_you to give up such a good chance!
放棄這么好的一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，你真是太傻了！
②It_is bad manners for_the_young_to take up the seats for the old.
年輕人占據(jù)老年人的座位是不禮貌的。
3　　 In the future， athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours. (P34)
將來(lái)，基因發(fā)生改變的運(yùn)動(dòng)員可能能在僅僅8秒內(nèi)跑完100米，或在不到兩個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間里跑完馬拉松。



①[牛津詞典]They are going to have their house painted.
他們準(zhǔn)備把房子粉刷一下。
②[牛津詞典]We're having our car repaired.
我們的車正在修理。
③[牛津詞典]They have had their request refused.
他們的請(qǐng)求遭到拒絕。
④[牛津詞典]Charles Ⅰ had his head cut_off.
查理一世遭斬首。
過(guò)關(guān)演練
完成句子
1．(1)It is vital ________ have a grateful heart and show our thanks to anything good and any person that is nice.
對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，擁有一顆感恩的心，并對(duì)任何好人好事表示感謝是至關(guān)重要的。
(2)________ walk such a long way in the snow.
在雪中走那么遠(yuǎn)的路不容易。
(3)It's nice ________ finish eating everything on your plate.
你吃完你盤子里的所有東西，真是太好了。
答案：(1)for us to　(2)It is not easy to　(3)of you to
2．(1)[2014·安徽高考]What we expect from you is working hard ________ hardly working.
我們對(duì)你的期望是努力工作而不是幾乎不工作。
(2)To enjoy the scenery, Bob would spend long time on the train rather than ________ by air.
為了欣賞風(fēng)景，鮑勃寧愿花長(zhǎng)時(shí)間坐火車而不愿坐飛機(jī)旅行。
(3)I ________ than cheat in the examination.
我寧愿考試失敗也不愿作弊。
答案：(1)rather than　(2)travel　(3)would rather fail
3．(1)Claire had her luggage ________ an hour before her plane left.
在飛機(jī)起飛前一個(gè)小時(shí)，克萊爾進(jìn)行了安檢。
(2)[牛津詞典]She's had her wallet ________.
她的錢包被人拿走了。
答案：(1)checked　(2)taken

條件句和混合條件句&情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
條件句和混合條件句
1．一般條件句由if, unless, as long as等引導(dǎo)，遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則。
①[2014·大綱全國(guó)卷]Unless some extra money ________(find), the theatre will close.
答案：is found　句意：除非找到一些額外資金，否則這家劇院就得關(guān)門。由主句中的will可知unless引導(dǎo)的從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表將來(lái)，且money和find之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
②[2014·課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅱ]If you ________ something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 202－902－1195.
如果你在公共汽車上、火車上、或是車站丟失了什么東西，請(qǐng)撥打失物招領(lǐng)處電話202－902－1195。
答案：lose
2．虛擬語(yǔ)氣中條件句將遵循以下原則：
意義
條件從句
主句
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
過(guò)去式(系動(dòng)詞be一律用were)
should/would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形
與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反
had＋過(guò)去分詞
would/should/could/might＋have done
與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反

should/would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形
引導(dǎo)條件句的引導(dǎo)詞有if, otherwise, but for, on condition that等等
注意：有時(shí)if引導(dǎo)的條件從句可以省略if，而把從句中的動(dòng)詞were, had或should移到主語(yǔ)前面。
③[2013·重慶高考改編]We ________wet all over if we hadn't taken the umbrella.
如果那時(shí)沒(méi)帶傘，我們?nèi)砭蜁?huì)濕透了。
答案：would have got
④[2014·天津高考]________ he caught the morning train, he wouldn't have been late for the meeting.
如果趕上早晨那列車，他就不會(huì)開(kāi)會(huì)遲到了。
答案：Had
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
1．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋動(dòng)詞原形：表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)。
⑤[2015·重慶高考]You ________ be Carol. You haven't changed a bit after all these years.
你一定是卡羅爾，這些年你一點(diǎn)兒沒(méi)變。
答案：must
2．should表示說(shuō)話人驚訝的語(yǔ)氣，意為“竟然”。
⑥[2014·江蘇高考改編]It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food.
我很難過(guò)，他們那么窮，竟然給我吃的。
答案：should
過(guò)關(guān)演練
在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1．If we don't act now to protect the environment, we ________ (live) to regret it.
答案：will live　此句為if引導(dǎo)的一般條件句，遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則，故此處應(yīng)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)。
2．If he had not hurt his leg, John ________ (win) the race.
答案：would have won　與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加have done。
3．[2015·陜西高考]You ________ feel all the training a waste of time, but I am a hundred percent sure later you will be grateful you did it.
答案：may　表示推測(cè)，“可能”，下文有“I am a hundred percent sure”暗示。
4．I found it astonishing that he ________ be so rude to you.
答案：should　“竟然”表示出乎意料。
5．________ I in your position, I would go.
答案：Were　If虛擬條件句中有were, should或had時(shí)，可省略if，用部分倒裝，即把were/should或had提前。



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