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選修6
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[話題素材]
好詞
1．behaviour n. 行為
2．cross v. 穿過
3．insurance n. 保險
4．a(chǎn)dmire v. 欣賞
5．theme n. 主題
6．a(chǎn)mazed adj. 驚異的
7．realize v. 意識到
8．description n. 描述
9．fall in love with 愛上
10．make_it 成功做到
11．no wonder 難怪
12．with a long history of 有悠久歷史
13．a(chǎn)gainst the blue sky 以藍(lán)天為背景
14．fix one's attention on 注意力集中于……
15．dream of/about 夢想
佳句
1．He made it clear that students should keep the traffic rules.
他明確指出，學(xué)生應(yīng)遵守交通規(guī)則。
2．It's_well_known_that we are the master of the future.
眾所周知，我們是未來的主人。
3．On the contrary, the man who has mad up his mind to_win will never say “impossible”．
相反，凡是決心取得勝利的人是從來不說“不可能的”。
[精美語篇]
With my tenth birthday approaching， I couldn't help imagining what kind of present my parents would give me. To my surprise， they gave me a book， My Life Story， written by an American writer－Helen Keller. In the book， she wrote that she had not been able to see， hear or speak. Disabled as she was， with the help of Miss Sullivan， she learned how to write English words and published many famous words， including My life Story. It was Miss Sullivan's continuous encouragement and instruction that inspired her to live her life to the fullest.
I was impressed with the writer's determination and Miss Sullivan's kindness. Whenever I felt depressed because of learning difficulties， I would read the book once more.

高頻單詞
1．a(chǎn)bandon (vt.) 拋棄，遺棄→abandoned (adj.) 被拋棄的，被遺棄的
2．preserve (vt.) 保護，保存→preserver (n.) 保護者，維護者
3．witness (v.) 目擊→wit (n.) 機智，風(fēng)趣；能力，智力
4．occur (vi.) 發(fā)生→occurrence (n.) 發(fā)生
5．tremble (vi.) 顫抖，發(fā)抖
6．particularly (adv.) 特別地，特定地→particular (adj.) 特別的，特定的，特有的
7．characteristic (adj.) 典型的 (n.) 特點，特征→character (n.) 性格；人物
8．gather (vi. & vt.) 聚集
9．sympathy (n.) 同情→sympathize (v.) 同情→sympathetic (adj.) 有同情心的
10．burst (vi.) 爆炸；沖；闖
11．significance (n.) 重要性；意義→significant (adj.) 重大的，有意義的
12．a(chǎn)bnormal (adj.) 反常的，不正常的→normal (adj.) 正常的，通常的
13．origin (n.) 起源，開端；出身→original (adj.) 最初的，起源的
14．restriction (n.) 限制，約束→restrict (vt.) 限制，約束
15．unbearable (adj.) 不能忍受的→bearable (adj.) 可忍受的→bear(v.) 忍受
16．former (adj.) 以前的
17．precise (adj.) 準(zhǔn)確的，精確的
18．precious (adj.) 寶貴的，珍貴的
19．expand (v.) 擴大，擴充→expansion (n.) 擴張
20．complex (adj.) 復(fù)雜的
21．a(chǎn)pparent (adj.) 明顯的，顯而易見的→apparently (adv.) 看來，似乎
22．a(chǎn)pplaud (vi.) & (vt.) 鼓掌→applause (n.) 鼓掌，掌聲
重點短語
1．come into view 　　　　出現(xiàn)
2．knock sb. over 撞倒某人
3．once upon a time 從前
4．block out 堵住
5．in a way 從某種程度上說
6．on one's side 側(cè)身
7．split up (使)解散；決裂
8．on the way to 在去……的路上
9．name...after 以……的名字給某人/某物命名
10．come across 偶然遇見
11．hold up 支撐起
12．count on 依靠
13．figure out 理解
14．end up 以……結(jié)束，以……告終
15．put up with 容忍，忍受
16．in particular 特別，尤其
熱點句型
1．a(chǎn)s if 引導(dǎo)表語從句
Another man, lying on his side, looks_as_if he is trying to get up.(教材P6)
另一個側(cè)身躺著的人看上去好像在試圖站立起來。
2．now that “既然，由于”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句
Now_that Helen understood the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.(教材P11)
既然海倫理解了語言之謎，她非?？释麑W(xué)習(xí)更多的詞語并且盡可能多地使用它們。
3．unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句
Her words puzzled me very much because I didn't then understand anything unless I touched it. (教材P11)
她的話使我感到非常困惑，因為那時我若不用手觸摸，就什么也不理解。
4．think it＋adj.＋that...
I thought_it_strange that my teacher couldn't show me love.(教材P11)
我覺得很奇怪，我的老師不能對我說明愛。
教材復(fù)現(xiàn)
在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
1．This ________ (particular) sad event left a deep impression on Pliny who had lost an uncle in the eruption.
答案：particularly
2．Before the eruption occurred, it had been a booming Roman city ________ temples, markets, restaurants and theatres.
答案：with
3．________， much more than buildings and objects, it's the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster that have made the city a monument to human history.
答案：However
4．In this way, the city, ________ the world had once forgotten, lives on nearly 2,000 years after its loss.
答案：which
5．Anne Sullivan was ________ (bring) in to help Helen.
答案：brought
6．Helen would have to learn to understand words ________ (spell) on her hand.
答案：spelled/spelt
7．Then ________ (sudden), Helen had a burst of understanding; the movement of the fingers meant the cool water flowing over her hand.
答案：suddenly
8．Helen then felt the warmth of the sun ________ (shine) on them.
答案：shining
9．The word “think” was also a difficult one for Helen but she had a breakthrough while ________ (work) on a simple task.
答案：working
10．________ that vivid moments, Helen finally understood the beautiful truth of the word “l(fā)ove”．
答案：In

1　　

It looked abandoned.(P5)
它看起來像被遺棄了。

(1)abandon sb. (不顧責(zé)任、義務(wù)等)離棄/遺棄/拋棄某人
abandon (doing) sth. 放棄(做)某事
abandon oneself to... 沉湎于……，放縱(感情) (to為介詞)
abandon hope (of doing sth.) 放棄(做某事的)希望
(2)abandon n. 放任；放縱
with abandon 放縱地；縱情地
(3)abandoned adj. 被遺棄的；自暴自棄的；無恥的；墮落的
圖解助記　abandon


①[2014·陜西高考]I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less competitive event.
我希望運動會能夠被放棄或由一些更不具有競爭性的運動所取代。
②People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal.
人們?yōu)檫z棄動物找出各種借口。
③[朗文詞典]How could she abandon her own child?
她怎么能遺棄自己的孩子？
④[人教⑦－3]When you hit an iceberg, abandon the ship immediately.
當(dāng)你撞上冰山時，要立刻棄船而逃。
⑤[牛津詞典]He abandoned_himself_to despair.
他陷入絕望中。
⑥[朗文詞典]The UN seems to have abandoned_hope_of_finding a peaceful solution to the conflict.
聯(lián)合國似乎對和平解決此次沖突已不抱希望。
2　　

In a way, Pompeii is like a “time capsule” preserving a frozen moment in history.(P6)
從某種程度上說龐培古城如同一粒時間膠囊，保存了歷史上一段被封存了的瞬間。

(1)preserve sth. 保護/保存某物
preserve sb./sth. from...＝protect sb./sth. from... 保護某人/某物免于……
(2)preservation n. 保護，保存
in an excellent state of_preservation 保存完好
①[2013·江西高考]Increased understanding in planning world-wide tourism can preserve the market for these companies.
增加對世界各地的旅游規(guī)劃的理解能夠為這些公司保護好這一市場。
②[牛津詞典]The calm courage of the pilot preserved the lives of the passengers.
飛行員臨危不懼的勇氣保住了乘客們的生命。
③We should take measures to preserve the environment from pollution.
我們應(yīng)采取措施來保護環(huán)境免受污染。
④In wilderness is the preservation of the world.
世界蘊藏在野性中。
3　　

Pliny wrote about an extremely terrible volcanic eruption that he had witnessed as a young man.(P6)
Pliny描述了他青年時代親眼目睹的一場可怕的火山噴發(fā)的情景。

(1)witness sth. 目擊/親眼看到/見證某事
(2)witness to sth./doing sth. 在法庭上為……作證
witness for/against 作有利于……/不利于……的證明
(3)be (a)_witness to sth. 是……的目擊者；是……的證據(jù)
bear/give witness to 為……作證
圖解助記

①[2013·陜西高考]The witnesses questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
剛才被警察詢問的目擊者對于此次打架事件有不同的描述。
②[牛津詞典]His ragged clothes were_(a)_witness_to his poverty.
他的破爛衣服可以證明他很貧窮。
③[人教⑦－3]I thought, at that time, that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.
當(dāng)時，我以為那只不過是個傳說而已，但是后來我親眼目睹了許多次。
④[朗文詞典]The year 1849 witnessed a great war in that country.
1849年那個國家發(fā)生了一場大戰(zhàn)。
－特別提示－
witness作動詞時，常用擬人化的方式陳述事實，即用事物名稱直接作主語，表述既簡潔又形象。
4　　

The eruption had occurred on August 24th, 79 AD.(P6)
火山噴發(fā)發(fā)生在公元79年8月24日。

(1)sth. occurs 某事發(fā)生/出現(xiàn)
sth. occurs to sb. 某事被某人想起
It occurs/occurred to sb. that... 某人想起……
It occurs/occurred to sb. to_do sth. 某人想起做某事
(2)occurrence n. 事情；事件(＝event); (事情的)出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生
①[2013·廣東高考]Were there no cleaners, a certain decline would occur.
如果沒有清潔工，不可避免的環(huán)境惡化就會發(fā)生。
②[牛津詞典]An idea has occurred_to me.
我有主意了。
③It suddenly occurred_to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.
他突然想到第二天早上要出席一個重要會議。
④[朗文詞典]It never occurred_to me to_ask.
我從沒想到要去問一問。
易混辨析
occur
表示“發(fā)生”時，為正式用語，常指偶然的、未曾預(yù)見的具體事情的發(fā)生，可以和happen互換。但happen后接不定式表示“碰巧”之意時，不可換用
happen
普通用詞，使用最廣，指事情“偶然發(fā)生”或與不定式連用，表示“碰巧發(fā)生”。sth. happens to sb.意為“某事發(fā)生在某人身上”
續(xù)表
take place
多指事情的發(fā)生不是偶然地，而是有計劃有安排地發(fā)生。可引申為“進行，舉行”的意思
break out
多指戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)、疾病等不愉快的事情“突然發(fā)生、爆發(fā)”

－特別提示－
occur當(dāng)“發(fā)生”講時，和happen一樣，不可用于被動語態(tài)。其過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都要雙寫r，分別為occurred, occurred, occurring。
⑤用occur/take place/happen/break out的適當(dāng)形式填空
a．[朗文詞典]A funny thing ________ on my way to work.
b．[朗文詞典]The next meeting will ________ on Thursday.
c．[朗文詞典]The accident ________ around nine p．m..
d．[牛津詞典]She ________ to be out when he called.
e．I was still sleeping when the fire ________， and then it spread quickly.
答案：a.happened B．take placeC．occurred D．happened　e．broke out
5　　

The building exploded because a gas pipe had burst.(P7)
因為天然氣管道的破裂，這幢樓爆炸了。

(1)burst out 突然喊叫
突然……起來
burst out crying/laughing
burst into tears/laughter
突然大哭/突然大笑起來
(2)burst in/into 闖進；破門而入
burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/悲痛欲絕/樂不可支
burst open 猛然打開
(3)a burst of 突然一陣……
圖解助記　burst多層含義

①[人教①－4]In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.
在市內(nèi)有些樓里的水管爆裂開來。
②[2013·江西高考]The other two boys jumped up with fright, staring at Tom. Suddenly they burst_out laughing.
另外兩個男孩子害怕地跳起來，盯著湯姆。突然他們大笑出聲。
③[朗文詞典]The car hit a tree and burst_into flames.
那輛車撞到了樹上，著起火來。
④[牛津詞典]The police burst_in/into the house and arrested the gang.
警察突然闖進房子，逮捕了那幫人。
6　　

Now that Helen understood the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.(P11)
既然海倫理解了語言之謎，她非?？释麑W(xué)習(xí)更多的詞語并且盡可能多地使用它們。

(1)be eager for 渴望某事物
be eager to_do 渴望做……
be eager that... (should)_do 渴望……(從句用虛擬語氣)
(2)(only) too eager to do... 過于迫切地想做……
(3)表示渴望得到某物的其他表達(dá)還有：be anxious for, be desperate for, long for, be hungry for, be thirsty for, be dying for
(4)表示急切做……；渴望做……
be anxious to do＝be dying to do＝long to do
①[牛津詞典]His classes were crowded with eager students.
他的課上擠滿了求知若渴的學(xué)生。
②The teacher is glad that everyone in her class is_eager_to_learn.
老師很高興她班上的學(xué)生全部渴望學(xué)習(xí)。
③[朗文詞典]The young woman is_eager_for success.
這位年輕的婦女渴望成功。
易混辨析
eager
指積極的渴望、殷切的盼望
anxious
更多強調(diào)“焦急”“憂慮”，意為“擔(dān)心”某事發(fā)生。be anxious for/about... “為……擔(dān)憂”
[一言辨異]
She is eager to go to college, but anxious about the College Entrance Examination.
他渴望上大學(xué)，但又很擔(dān)心高考。
④用eager/anxious的適當(dāng)形式填空
a．Children are ________ for the arrival of Children's Day.
b．June's ________ about the results of her blood test.
c．He was ________ to get to know the result of the exam.
d．They crowded round the spokesperson, ________ to know any news.
答案：a.eager B．a(chǎn)nxiousC．a(chǎn)nxious D．eager
7 expand　vt.&vi.(使)擴大，(使)擴充，增加；細(xì)談；詳述；膨脹

As Helen's knowledge and vocabulary expanded, she asked more and more questions.(P11)
隨著海倫知識和詞匯量的增加，她問的問題越來越多。


①[2013·江西高考]Dennis was so eager to expand his farm that he did not notice the river flowing slowly towards his door.
丹尼如此渴望擴大他的土地，以致于他沒有注意到河水在慢慢向他的門邊流去。
②[外研①－5]When you heat a metal, it expands.
金屬遇熱膨脹。
③[牛津詞典]His modest business eventually expanded_into a supermarket empire.
他原先不大的生意后來擴展成了超級市場集團企業(yè)。
④[牛津詞典]His face expanded_in a smile of welcome.
他喜笑顏開的表示歡迎。
⑤[朗文詞典]Could you expand_on your last comment, please?
你能詳細(xì)說明一下你的最后一句評論嗎？
易混辨析
expand
既指尺寸的增加，又指活動范圍和體積的增大
extend
延伸，延長(建筑或道路、時間等)，擴大(控制、影響力等)，伸展(手臂、腿等)
spread
把(物)鋪開、張開，(疾病、感情、問題或火等)蔓延，(消息、思想等)流傳，傳播，擴展(使能覆蓋大的面積)，張開(手臂、雙腿等)
stretch
伸展，拉長，一般指由曲變直、由短變長的伸展，不是加長
圖解助記

⑥用expand/extend/spread/stretch的適當(dāng)形式填空
a．[牛津詞典]A tire ________ when you pump air into it.
b．[牛津詞典]He woke up, yawned and ________.
c．[朗文詞典]Tracy had a map ________ out over the floor.
d．[牛津詞典]Can you ________ your visit a few days longer.
答案：a.expands B．stretchedC．spread D．extend
過關(guān)演練
在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1．[朗文詞典]The policy had to be ________ (abandon)．
答案：abandoned　主語policy與abandon之間為被動關(guān)系。
2．These eighteenth-century oil paintings are ________ (preserve) so well that the visitors are greatly amazed.
答案：preserved　主語與動詞preserve之間為被動關(guān)系。
3．[2014·湖南高考改編]As an expert ________ (witness), he used environmental protection laws to explain restrictions on development in wetlands.
答案：witness　根據(jù)前面的an可知，此處需用名詞形式。
4．[2013·湖南高考]Not once did it occur ________ he could one day become a top student in his class.
答案：that　句中it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)主語從句。
5．The bank was reported to have been burst ________ last night.
答案：into　burst into “闖入；破門而入”。
6．He is eager ________ stay away from the busy city life for a while.
答案：to　be eager to do “渴望做……”。
7．The population of Texas ________ (expand) rapidly in the 1960s.
答案：expanded　根據(jù)句中時間狀語in the 1960s可知，此句應(yīng)用過去時。

1　　

I came across an interesting name story when I visited my cousin in Henan Province.(P8)
我在河南省看望我表哥時無意聽到了一個有趣的有關(guān)名字的故事。


①[2013·湖北高考]During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came_across.
在旅行途中，我正忙著記錄我碰到的每個事件、名稱和地點。
②[譯林⑤－3]When reading articles related to science, we often come_across difficult or unfamiliar words.
讀與科學(xué)相關(guān)的文章時，我們常常碰到難詞或生詞。
③[牛津詞典]He spoke for a long time but his meaning didn't really come_across.
他講了很長時間，但他的意思沒有人真正理解。
④His first novel has received good reviews since it came_out last month.
他的第一部小說自從上月出版以來已受到好評。
⑤[牛津詞典]Please tell me how the accident came_about.
請告訴我事故是怎么發(fā)生的。
⑥[2013·課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ]Would you like to come_along with us to the film tonight?
今晚你想和我們一起去看電影嗎？
⑦Danny, I heard your birthday is coming_up.
丹妮，我聽說你的生日快到了。
⑧Although against my opinion, the old professor didn't come_up_with his own.
盡管老教授不同意我的意見，但他也沒有提出他自己的。
2　　

She became quite famous when she invented a new way of holding up suspension bridges during the building process.(P8)
她因在建設(shè)過程中發(fā)明了一種新的支撐吊橋的方法而聞名。


①[2013·天津高考]Some study rooms are for 2—3 people and others can hold_up to 6—8 people.
一些學(xué)習(xí)室僅有2～3人，而另一些可容納6～8人。
②[牛津詞典]My application was held_up by the postal strike.
我的申請書由于郵政部門罷工而延誤了。
③[朗文詞典]Posts hold_up the tin roof.
幾根柱子支撐著鐵皮屋頂。
④[外研⑧－4]The bus got held_up in traffic.
公共汽車被堵在了路上。
⑤[朗文詞典]Hold_on a minute, let me put this in the car.
稍等片刻，讓我把這個放到車?yán)锶ァ?br /> ⑥[朗文詞典]People are holding_on_to their cars for longer.
人們對車的保有時間更長了。
⑦[牛津詞典]I think he is holding something back;_he knows more than he admits.
我認(rèn)為他有所隱瞞，他知道的比他承認(rèn)的要多。
3　　

So they figured out a way to change it.(P8)
因此他們想出了一個辦法改變它。

(1)figure on 計劃，打算，預(yù)料到；指望
figure in 把……計算在內(nèi)/考慮在內(nèi)；是……的(重要)部分
figure up 計算；把……加起來
it/that figures 有道理，合乎情理
(2)figure n．?dāng)?shù)字，形象，人物
①[2013·四川高考]“Everything went quiet in my head，” Tim recalls (回憶). “I was trying to figure_out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.”
“一切都在我的大腦里平靜地進行，”蒂姆回憶道。“我正在盡力地想如何成直線地游到孩子們身邊?！?br /> ②Ben figured_out how to guess the right answers, so he got good grades.
本弄清楚了如何猜對答案，所以他得了高分。
③[牛津詞典]Have you figured_out how much the holiday will cost?
你算出假期得花多少錢了嗎？
④[牛津詞典]Have you figured_in the cost of food for our holiday?
你把咱們度假的食物費用計算進去了嗎？
⑤[牛津詞典]I figure_on being in New York in January.
我計劃一月份在紐約。
4　　

She was worried that her daughter would have to put up with too much teasing with a man's name.(P8)
她擔(dān)心女兒會因男人的名字不得不忍受太多的嘲笑。

come up with 提出，想出
keep up with 與……同步，跟上(強調(diào)狀態(tài))
catch up with 跟上(強調(diào)動作)
end up with 以……結(jié)束
①I can put_up_with the house being untidy, but I hate it if it is not clean.
我能容忍房子不整潔，但很厭惡它不干凈。
②[牛津詞典]I don't know how she puts up with him/his cruelty to her.
我不明白她怎么能容忍他/他的虐待。
③[朗文詞典]I'm not going to put up with being treated like that.
我不會忍受人們那樣對待我。
④[朗文詞典]They still haven't come up with a name for the baby.
他們還沒有給寶寶想出一個名字。
⑤[牛津詞典]When eating a meal, Americans begin with the soup, and end_up_with fruits.
美國人用餐時先喝湯，最后吃水果。
5　　

Complete the exercise without referring to a dictionary.(P8)
請在不查閱詞典的情況下完成練習(xí)。

(1)refer...to... 把……提交給……；讓……參考……
refer to...as 把……稱為
(2)reference n. 提及；參考；查閱
with/in reference to 關(guān)于……(正式用語，用于公函/信函)；就……而論
①[2014·湖北高考]What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer_to?
在第一段中，劃線部分this代表什么？
②While giving the English speech, one is not allowed to refer_to the notes.
做英語演講時，參賽選手不得看演講稿。
③[北師大⑧－22]The scientist referred_to global warming at least three times in his speech.
那位科學(xué)家在演講中至少三次提到全球氣候變暖。
④[朗文詞典]The blue line on the graph refers_to sales.
圖表上的藍(lán)色線表示銷售情況。
易混辨析
refer to
意思比較廣泛，當(dāng)“查找”講時，其賓語多為book, dictionary等，相當(dāng)于consult
look up
賓語多為word, information等，不可以是book, dictionary, sb.等。常與in連用
[一言辨異]
If you don't understand some new words in it, you can refer_to your dictionary, or look_them_up in your dictionary.
如果在里面有你不理解的新詞，你可以查你的字典。
⑤填詞(每空一詞)
a．If you don't know the word, ________ it ________.
b．If you can't understand the text, please ________ to the book.
c．I referred ________ my watch for the exact time.
答案：a.look; up B．referC．to
6　　

This student is named after a purple flower.(P8)
這名學(xué)生是以一個紫色的花來命名的。


①Jack studied in a village school, which is_named_after his grandfather.
杰克在一所鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校讀書，該校是以他爺爺?shù)拿置摹?br /> ②[牛津詞典]Tasmania was_named_after its discoverer, A·J·Tasmania.
塔斯曼尼亞島是以其發(fā)現(xiàn)者塔斯曼的名字命名的。
③[牛津詞典]Ms X has_been_named_as the new director.
某女士已被任命為新董事。
④She is a British athlete by_the_name_of Tanni Grey Thompson.
她是一名英國運動員，名叫坦妮·格雷·湯普森。
過關(guān)演練
Ⅰ.選詞填空

1．[2014·湖北高考改編]Is this your necklace, Mary? I ________ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.
答案：came across
2．Road-works on the motorway are ________ traffic.
答案：holding up
3．The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to ________ its reality.
答案：figure out
4．I can ________ many things, but not with people who steal.
答案：put up with
5．Being a huge basketball fan, he wanted to ________ his son ________ Jordan.
答案：name; after
Ⅱ.寫出下列句中refer to的含義
6．You may refer to your notes if you want. ________
答案：查閱
7．She asked her mother never to refer to him again. ________
答案：提到，說起
8．These notes refer to the case of a teenage murderer. ________
答案：有關(guān)，涉及
9．Her case was referred to the Court of Appeal last week. ________
答案：提交

1　　(Now that Helen understood the key to language， she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could. (P11)
既然海倫理解了語言之謎，她非?？释麑W(xué)習(xí)更多的詞語并且盡可能多地使用它們。

(1)now_that“既然，由于”，是連詞詞組，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，表示明顯的原因或既成的事實?？谡Z中that?？墒÷浴?br /> (2)其他表原因的連詞：
because 因為(語氣較重，常用于回答why提出的問題)
since 因為，既然，由于(可與now that互換)；自從
as 因為，由于(語氣較弱)
for 因為(并列連詞)
(3)表示原因的其他短語：
due to 由于，因為
because of 因為
on account of 由于，因為
owing to 由于，因為
thanks to 由于，多虧
①[外研②－5]Now_that I have made this first visit, I hope I can come many more times.
既然有了第一次造訪，我希望以后能常來。
②[牛津詞典]Now_(that) you mention it I do remember the incident.
經(jīng)你一提，我想起那件事了。
③[朗文詞典]You'll have to get up early, since the bus leaves at 7 a．m.
你得早點起床，因為大巴7點鐘出發(fā)。
④He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.
他發(fā)現(xiàn)讀書越來越難了，因為他的視力開始下降。
⑤As he wasn't ready in time, we went without him.
他未及時做好準(zhǔn)備，所以我們沒有等他就走了。
2　　

(1)unless“除非；如果不”，引導(dǎo)一個肯定的條件狀語從句，從句有時可與if... not引導(dǎo)的否定狀語從句互換。
(2)unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義，主句多用一般將來時。
(3)在unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，主語和部分謂語有時可以省略。
①[2014·湖南高考]You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work.
你決不會獲得成功，除非你全身心投入工作。
②He told me that I'd probably have a heart attack unless I started eating less.
他告訴我，如果我再不減少食量，就有可能患上心臟病。
③[朗文詞典]We will go in my car unless you want to walk.
我們將坐我的車走，除非你要走路。
④[外研④－3]Unless the weather gets better, I'll stay at home.
如果天氣沒有好轉(zhuǎn)，我就呆在家里。
⑤All the photographs in this book, unless_stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.
書中所有的照片，除非另外說明，否則都是二十世紀(jì)五十年代的。
過關(guān)演練
Ⅰ.選詞填空(now that/since/because/as/for)
1．________ you've passed your test, you can drive on your own.
答案：Now that/Since
2．[牛津詞典]We listened eagerly, ________ he brought news of our families.
答案：for
3．We couldn't go out ________ it was too cold.
答案：because
4．________ it was late, we came back soon.
答案：As
5．The book has been translated into thirty languages ________ it came on the market in 1973.
答案：since
Ⅱ.完成句子
6．[2013·重慶高考]________________ we have enough evidence, we can't win the case.
除非我們有足夠的證據(jù)，否則我們贏不了這場官司。
答案：Unless
7．[2013·江西高考]She says that she'll have to close the shop ____________.
她說她會關(guān)掉店鋪，除非生意有起色。
答案：unless business improves
8．The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ________________ by an adult.
學(xué)校規(guī)章規(guī)定，除非有成人陪同，否則孩子們在校期間不能出學(xué)校。
答案：unless accompanied

過去完成時& get/have sth. done
過去完成時表示在過去某一時刻以前已經(jīng)開始并一直延續(xù)到這一時刻，或在這一時刻前已經(jīng)完成的動作，即“過去的過去”。
①[2014·北京高考]I found the lecture hard to follow because it ________ (start) when I arrived.
答案：had started　句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難理解演講，因為我到的時候已經(jīng)開始了。
get/have sth. done 表示“使某事被做”，其中過去分詞作賓語補足語。譯作“讓別人做……”。
②Your mobile phone doesn't work, and you'd better get it ________ (repair)．
答案：repaired　have/get sth. done “使某事被做”。句意：你的手機壞了，你最好找人修一下。
過關(guān)演練
用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空
1．By the time Jack returned home from England, his son ________ (graduate) from college.
答案：had graduated　根據(jù)句中by the time Jack returned...可知，主句應(yīng)用過去完成時。
2．Experiments of this kind ________ (conduct) in both the US and Europe well before the Second World War.
答案：had been conducted　conduct這一動作發(fā)生在the Second World War之前，即“過去的過去”，用過去完成時，另外主語與動詞之間為被動關(guān)系，故用had been done結(jié)構(gòu)。
3．[人教⑤－1]When he borrowed it last time, he broke it and you had to pay to get it ________ (repair)．
答案：repaired　get sth. done“讓別人做/讓某事被做”，過去分詞作賓補，與賓語sth.之間為被動關(guān)系。
4．Mary can have her body ________ (check) in this hospital.
答案：checked　have sth. done “讓別人做/讓某事被做”，過去分詞作賓補，與賓語sth.之間為被動關(guān)系。



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