【期中知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納】（譯林版2020）2023-2024學(xué)年高一上冊(cè)英語(yǔ) 必修1 Unit 2 Let’s talk teens 知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納試卷.zip-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

?Unit 2 Let’s talk teens

Welcome Unit

話題
父母與子女的關(guān)系
詞匯
battle, teenager, tension, rate, shoot, target, adult, struggle, breakdown, calm, view, normal, editor, expert, unique, passive, press
短語(yǔ)
see eye to eye with sb. (on sth. )/ shoot up/calm down/from one’s point of view/think sth. Through/back down/cheer up/be on sb’s back about sth./ draw sth. out of sth./ depend upon
句型
1.“特殊疑問(wèn)詞/whether+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)
2.whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“無(wú)論什么”,相當(dāng)于no matter what
語(yǔ)法
簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句
寫(xiě)作
個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)介

1.anxious adj. 憂慮的,擔(dān)心的;令人焦慮的;渴望的
[教材原句]　You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind.(P16)
你可能會(huì)感到焦慮,因?yàn)槟惆l(fā)現(xiàn)自己發(fā)育的速度和朋友們不同:要么是個(gè)頭猛躥,要么是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落在其他人后面。
【基礎(chǔ)演練】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①He was anxious to leave and he could not hide his anxiety. (anxious)?
②I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and I’m anxious to get(get) help from you.?
完成句子
③I am so anxious about the coming exam that I can hardly fall asleep at night.?
我很擔(dān)心即將到來(lái)的考試,以至于晚上很難入睡。
【知識(shí)拓展】
(1)be anxious about 　　　　為……擔(dān)心/擔(dān)憂
be anxious for 渴望……
be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)anxiety n.擔(dān)心;焦慮;渴望
with anxiety 焦慮地
anxiously adv. 焦慮地
知識(shí)拓展名詞變形容詞的后綴-ous
curiosity—curious 好奇的
anxiety—anxious 憂慮的
【寫(xiě)作積累】
①I was really anxious about you. You shouldn’t have left home without a word.
我非常擔(dān)心你,你不應(yīng)該不打招呼就離開(kāi)家。
②We had an anxious week waiting for the test results.
我們焦急地等了一個(gè)星期考試結(jié)果。
2.desire n. & vt. 渴望,希望
[教材原句]　You have both a new desire for independence and a continued need for your parents’ love and support. (P17)你既對(duì)獨(dú)立有新的渴望,又對(duì)父母的愛(ài)與支持抱有不斷的需求。
【基礎(chǔ)演練】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)These days, safety regulations — not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat — tend to keep stadium capacities (容量) slightly lower.
②In most cases, if their date doesn’t measure up to what they desire, they ghost.?
完成句子
③He has a strong desire for success though he has failed many times. 盡管他失敗了多次,但是他仍然非常渴望成功。?
【知識(shí)拓展】
desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
desire that...(should) do sth. 渴望做某事
注意：desire 后的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should +動(dòng)詞原形,should 可以省略。
比較：desire/wish/ long/ hope
desire
語(yǔ)氣比較正式,著重渴望的力量與熱切,常含有強(qiáng)烈的意圖和目的
wish
語(yǔ)氣比較弱,多指難以實(shí)現(xiàn)或者不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望
long
語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng),指殷切地盼望著,這種盼望側(cè)重于很難或者不可能得到的東西,有時(shí)候也指一般的愿望,但含有一定的感情色彩
hope
指對(duì)愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)有一定的信心的希望
【寫(xiě)作積累】
It’s our desire that you should provide some money to fund our program, as well as offer us some practical suggestions.
我們渴望你能為我們的項(xiàng)目提供一些資金,還能提供我們一些實(shí)用的建議。
3.struggle vi. & n. 奮斗;斗爭(zhēng);搏斗
[教材原句]On the other hand, when you are struggling to control your feelings, you wish they could be more caring and patient—sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride. (P17)
另一方面,當(dāng)你努力控制自己的情感時(shí),你希望他們能更加體貼,更有耐心——有時(shí)候他們會(huì)忘記成長(zhǎng)是一個(gè)艱難的過(guò)程。
【基礎(chǔ)演練】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①We should help those who are still struggling for liberation.
②He struggled to overcome (overcome) his shortcomings.?
③The two boxers struggled with/against each other and the referee separated them.
完成句子
④He was badly injured in the accident, but struggled to his feet.?
他在事故中受傷嚴(yán)重,但還是掙扎著站了起來(lái)。
【知識(shí)拓展】
struggle for... 為……而奮斗
struggle with/against... 與……作斗爭(zhēng)
struggle to do sth. 掙扎著做某事;盡力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 掙扎著站起來(lái)
【寫(xiě)作積累】
①We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.
上某些課的時(shí)候,(班上的)同學(xué)也不一樣,所以對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)記住所有人的面孔和名字可是一件難事。
②From now on, you should prepare yourself for your future. Struggle for your dream and you will get the offer from Beijing Language and Culture University.
從現(xiàn)在起,你應(yīng)該為你的未來(lái)做準(zhǔn)備。為你的夢(mèng)想而奮斗,你就會(huì)獲得北京語(yǔ)言大學(xué)的錄取通知書(shū)。
4.concern n. 擔(dān)心,憂慮;關(guān)心vt. 涉及;讓(某人)擔(dān)憂
[教材原句]After you have thought it through, explain your actions and feelings calmly, listen carefully, and address their concerns.(P17)
在你全面考慮之后,冷靜地解釋你的行為和感受,仔細(xì)地傾聽(tīng),并設(shè)法消除他們的顧慮。
【基礎(chǔ)演練】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Since there is always heavy fog, many people begin to concern themselves (them)about air pollution.
②Most parents are more concerned (concern) about/for school safety now than they were five years ago.
③I’ve had a letter from the tax authorities concerning (concern)my tax payments.?
完成句子
④The entire society should show concern for and give support to the development of educational undertakings.?
全社會(huì)應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)心和支持教育事業(yè)的發(fā)展。
【知識(shí)拓展】
(1)concern oneself about...　關(guān)心……
concern oneself in... 介入/卷入……
(2)have no concern with... 和……無(wú)關(guān)
show concern for... 對(duì)……表示關(guān)心
(3)concerned adj. 關(guān)切的;擔(dān)心的
be concerned about/for 關(guān)心……
as/so far as... be concerned 就……而言
【寫(xiě)作積累】
As far as I’m concerned, the more you practise paper-cutting, the better at it you will become.
就我個(gè)人而言,你剪紙練習(xí)得越多,你就會(huì)越擅長(zhǎng)它。
5.stress n. 精神壓力,緊張;強(qiáng)調(diào)vt. 強(qiáng)調(diào),著重
[教材原句]Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent-child tensions create, and that you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship. (P17)
只要記住,無(wú)法輕松應(yīng)對(duì)親子關(guān)系緊張帶來(lái)的壓力是完全正常的,并且你和父母可以共同努力,改善關(guān)系。
【基礎(chǔ)演練】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Janet’s been under a lot of stress since her mother’s illness.
②She lays great stress on punctuality, and regards it as very important.
③She’s been feeling very stressed (stress)since she started her new job.
完成句子
④One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.?
減少壓力最有效的方式之一就是與你信任的人聊聊感受。
【知識(shí)拓展】
(1)under stress 在壓力之下
put sb. under great stress 使某人感到沉重的壓力
lay/place/put stress on sth. 強(qiáng)調(diào)某事物
(2)stress the importance of 強(qiáng)調(diào)……的重要性
(3)stressful adj.有壓力的
【寫(xiě)作積累】
He stressed the importance of a good education.
他強(qiáng)調(diào)了良好教育的重要性。
6.design vt. 設(shè)計(jì),制訂n. 設(shè)計(jì);設(shè)計(jì)藝術(shù)
[教材原句]So, we have designed TeenHealthWeb to help you along the journey to adulthood.(P20) 所以,我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了青少年健康網(wǎng)在通往成年的旅途中幫助你。
【基礎(chǔ)演練】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2021· 新高考I 卷) The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed (design) by J.N. “Ding” Darling.
②(2021· 天津高考) Today I am living a creative life as the designer (design) of my own fashion brand.
完成句子
③The route was designed to relieve traffic congestion. ?
這條路是為緩解交通擁擠而開(kāi)辟的。
【知識(shí)拓展】
(1)design... for...　　　為……而設(shè)計(jì)……
be designed for.../to do... 專為……設(shè)計(jì)的;目的是……
be designed as 被設(shè)計(jì)為……
(2)by design/on purpose 有意地,故意地
(3)designer n. 設(shè)計(jì)者;設(shè)計(jì)師
注意：表示“故意與偶然”的詞語(yǔ)小結(jié):
故意地:by design; on purpose; deliberately
偶然地:by chance; by accident; accidentally
【寫(xiě)作積累】
①In my opinion, he didn’t hurt you by design.
依我看,他不是故意傷害你的。
②The programme is designed to help people who have been out of work for a long time.
這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的目的是幫助下崗很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的人。
7.account n. 賬戶;描述;解釋vt. 認(rèn)為是,視為
We should take his health into account and then make a decision.
我們應(yīng)該先考慮他的健康狀況,然后再做決定。
【基礎(chǔ)演練】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①He has to account to the chairman for all the money he spends.
②In English law a person is accounted (account) innocent until he is proved guilty.?
句型轉(zhuǎn)換
③Visitors are on no account allowed to feed animals in the wildlife park.
→On no account are visitors allowed to feed animals in the wildlife park.?
【知識(shí)拓展】
(1)account sb. (to be)...　　認(rèn)為某人(是)……
account to sb. for... 向某人說(shuō)明……
account for 解釋或說(shuō)明……的原因;總共有(占)
(2)on account of 由于;因?yàn)?br /> on no account 決不(放在句首時(shí)句子用部分倒裝)
take... into account 把……考慮或計(jì)算在內(nèi);考慮……
【寫(xiě)作積累】
The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd.
我認(rèn)為天氣不好可能是來(lái)的人少的原因。
8.calm vt.使平靜,使鎮(zhèn)靜 adj.鎮(zhèn)靜的,沉著的
[教材原句] When you disagree with your parents, take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view. (P17)
當(dāng)你和父母意見(jiàn)有分歧時(shí),花點(diǎn)時(shí)間(讓自己)冷靜下來(lái),設(shè)法從他們的角度了解狀況。
【基礎(chǔ)演練】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①It was difficult to calm down the football fans.
②She was breathing quickly and tried to calm herself(her).
完成句子
③The police found that it was difficult to calm down the angry crowd.?
警方發(fā)現(xiàn)很難使憤怒的人群平靜下來(lái)。
【知識(shí)拓展】
(1)remain/keep/stay calm 保持鎮(zhèn)靜
(2)calm down 平靜下來(lái),鎮(zhèn)靜下來(lái)
(3)calm oneself 使自己鎮(zhèn)定下來(lái)
(4)calmly adv. 平靜地,冷靜地
比較：calm, quiet, silent, still
calm
平靜的;沉著的。指風(fēng)平浪靜或人的情緒平靜、鎮(zhèn)靜
quiet
寧?kù)o的;安靜的。指沒(méi)有聲音、不吵鬧或心里沒(méi)有煩惱
silent
寂靜的;沉默的。指不說(shuō)話或沒(méi)有聲音
still
靜止的;不動(dòng)的。指人或物體靜止不動(dòng)
【寫(xiě)作積累】
In the event of an emergency, please remain/keep/stay calm and walk to the nearest exit.
如果發(fā)生緊急事件,請(qǐng)保持鎮(zhèn)靜并走到最近的出口。
9.see eye to eye with sb.(on sth.)(在某事上)與某人看法一致
[教材原句]Do you feel that you just cannot see eye to eye with them on anything? (P16)
你是否覺(jué)得,你無(wú)法在任何事情上與他們達(dá)成一致?
【基礎(chǔ)演練】完成句子
①The boy has an eye for(對(duì)……有鑒賞力) pictures, which makes his parents very happy.?
②We’ve asked the neighbors to keep an eye on(照看……) the house for us while we are away.?
③Everyone fixed their eyes on(注視) the new student.?
【知識(shí)拓展】
(1)in sb.’s eyes/in the eyes of sb./to sb.’s eyes在某人看來(lái)
(2)turn a blind eye to... 對(duì)……視而不見(jiàn)
(3)shut/close one’s eyes to... 對(duì)……視而不見(jiàn)
(4)keep an eye on... 照看/留意……
(5)keep an eye open/out for...密切注意/提防……
(6)have an eye for... 對(duì)……有鑒賞力
(7)fix one’s eyes on 注視,凝視
(8)an eye for an eye 以眼還眼,以牙還牙
【寫(xiě)作積累】
But I don’t see eye to eye with them and I insist that the secrets behind the magic should not be disclosed.
但是我的看法和他們不一樣,我堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為魔術(shù)背后的秘密不該被揭露出來(lái)。
10.from one’s point of view 從某人的角度、觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)
[教材原句]When you disagree with your parents, take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view. (P17)
當(dāng)你和父母意見(jiàn)有分歧時(shí),花點(diǎn)時(shí)間(讓自己)冷靜下來(lái),設(shè)法從他們的角度了解狀況。
【基礎(chǔ)演練】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①In my view, there is no need to care too much about your clothes.
②When the car was first built, the design was viewed as highly original.
③She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town.
完成句子
④The plane soon flew out of view.?
那架飛機(jī)很快從視野中消失了。
【知識(shí)拓展】
(1)have/get a good view of... 飽覽……
(2)in one’s view/opinion 在某人看來(lái)
(3)in view of 鑒于;考慮到
(4)out of view 看不見(jiàn);在視野之外
(5)come into view 進(jìn)入視野;被看見(jiàn)
(6)view sb./sth.as... 把某人/某物視為……
【寫(xiě)作積累】
①You have a good view of the beautiful sunrise and sunset from the window.
從窗子這里你可以好好欣賞美麗的日出和日落。
②When we reached the top of the mountain, a wide plain below came into view.
我們登上山頂時(shí),下面遼闊的平原進(jìn)入了視野。
11.draw sth. out of sth.提取,支取
[教材原句]We all felt very good because we did not have to go downtown and draw money out of Mama’s Bank Account.(P26)
大家都很開(kāi)心,因?yàn)槲覀儾挥萌コ抢飶膵寢尩你y行賬戶里取錢(qián)了。
【基礎(chǔ)演練】用draw的短語(yǔ)填空
①The plan was drawn up(起草) under the chief engineer’s personal guidance.?
②It’s too late to draw back (撤回)from the plan.?
③I have to draw on(利用) my savings.?
【知識(shí)拓展】
(1)draw upon/on　　　利用,憑借,依賴
(2)draw near 走進(jìn);臨近
(3)draw in (日)漸短;(車、船等)到站
(4)draw back 向后移動(dòng),退縮;撤回
(5)draw out (日)漸長(zhǎng);使暢所欲言
(6)draw up 起草,制定;(車輛等)停下
(7)draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論
【寫(xiě)作積累】
Only by understanding the analysis of the data can we draw a conclusion.
只有通過(guò)理解數(shù)據(jù)的分析,我們才能得出結(jié)論。
12.Through this kind of healthy discussion, you will learn when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control.?通過(guò)這種良性討論,你會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)何時(shí)作出讓步,何時(shí)要求父母放松對(duì)你的掌控。
He hasn’t decided whether to go or stay.他還沒(méi)有決定去留。
【基礎(chǔ)演練】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①There are so many books here. What troubles them is which to choose.
②Before their flight, the astronauts had to learn how to live (live) in outer space.?
③We couldn’t agree on when to start and where to go for the coming holiday.
完成句子
④When to hold the meeting has not yet been told to us.?
什么時(shí)候開(kāi)會(huì)還沒(méi)有告訴我們。
【知識(shí)拓展】 “特殊疑問(wèn)詞/whether+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)
特殊疑問(wèn)詞包括疑問(wèn)代詞who, whom, what(無(wú)選擇范圍), which(有選擇范圍), whose和疑問(wèn)副詞when, where, how。該結(jié)構(gòu)的具體用法如下:
(1)在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等(注意:作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式)。
(2)通常用在tell,show,decide,explain,teach,learn,discuss等詞后作賓語(yǔ)。
(3)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的名詞性從句。
注意：特殊疑問(wèn)詞與構(gòu)成不定式的動(dòng)詞之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),不定式通常用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。
【寫(xiě)作積累】
How to make a cake(=How we make a cake) is what we’re going to learn today.
今天我們要學(xué)習(xí)的是如何做蛋糕。
13.Whatever happened, we always knew we still had the Bank to depend upon.無(wú)論發(fā)生什么事,我們總是知道,我們還有“銀行”可以依靠。
(2019·江蘇高考)Whatever your age or interests, Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly memorable.無(wú)論你的年齡或興趣,巴克斯頓總有一些值得看或做的東西,使你的游覽真正難忘。
【基礎(chǔ)演練】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2020· 天津高考)While libraries still loan out(出借)books, you’ll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you’re looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries.
②(2021·浙江高考)So, whoever you are, thank you for the random act of kindness that not only helped my mother out, but made her day too.
【知識(shí)拓展】 whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“無(wú)論什么”,相當(dāng)于no matter what。

【寫(xiě)作積累】
I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase.
無(wú)論我買什么,我都傾向于參考消費(fèi)排名。
【基礎(chǔ)演練】
I.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1.So, if you’re feeling extra anxious(anxiety) in the days leading up to a job interview, don’t be surprised if your subconscious revives that old math test nightmare.
2.(2021·新高考I卷)I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance (perform).?
3.(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)Take a view, the Landscape (風(fēng)景) Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today’s most respected landscape photographers.?
4.(2021·天津高考)After struggling (struggle)for quite a while, I made a difficult decision—leaving my job and studying my design course full time.
5.The course is designed (design) to develop students’ communication skills. Would you like to take it??
6.Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed(succeed).?
7.To our surprise,many people complain that their jobs are uninteresting and stressful(stress).
8.In the court the witnesses gave two completely contradictory accounts(account). That is to say, their statements contradicted each other.
9.We’ll live with the local people in their villages, and eat and drink whatever they do, including cow’s blood!?
II.選詞填空
shoot up,think through,back down,cheer up, draw sth. out of sth.,go through,turn out, depend on
1.I need to draw some money out of my account.?
2.The length of time spent exercising depends on the sport you are training for.?
3.Demand for water has shot up by 70% over the last 30 years.?
4.It turns out that we were more successful than we had anticipated.?
5.The policy has not been thought through properly.?
6.Local residents have forced the local council to back down from/on its plans to build a factory in their street.?
7.She was ill so I sent her some flowers to cheer her up.?
8.A council spokeswoman said that the proposals for the new shopping centre were unlikely to go through.?
III.仿寫(xiě)句子
1.You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind.
仿寫(xiě):孩子們跑出房間,愉快地說(shuō)著、笑著。
The children ran out of the room, talking and laughing merrily.?
2.Unfortunately, your parents do not always agree and that makes you feel unhappy.
仿寫(xiě):當(dāng)你幫助別人時(shí),這會(huì)使你自我感覺(jué)更好。
When you help others, it will make you feel better about yourself.?
3.On the other hand, when you are struggling to control your feelings, you wish they could be more caring and patient—sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride.
仿寫(xiě):上個(gè)周二我本希望參加我姐姐的婚禮的,但那時(shí)我在紐約出差。
I wish I had been at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.?
4.Through this kind of healthy discussion, you will learn when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control.
仿寫(xiě):什么時(shí)候外出野餐還沒(méi)有定下來(lái)。
When to go out for a picnic has not been decided.?
5.The good news is that this stormy period will not last.
仿寫(xiě):音樂(lè)會(huì)上讓我印象最深刻的是那樣小的一個(gè)男孩小提琴竟拉得這么好。
What impressed me most at the concert was that such a little boy could play the violin so well.?

一．語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)：簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句
思維導(dǎo)圖

一、簡(jiǎn)單句
1. 概述
只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(或并列謂語(yǔ))的句子稱為簡(jiǎn)單句。
I am a student. 我是一個(gè)學(xué)生。
He usually does morning exercises on the playground.
他常常在操場(chǎng)上做早操。
Tom and Mike are American boys.
湯姆和邁克是美國(guó)男孩。
2. 簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型
(1)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)(S + V)
在此句式中, V是不及物動(dòng)詞(vi. )。
He runs quickly. 他跑得快。
They listened carefully. 他們認(rèn)真地聽(tīng)。
(2)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)(S + V + P )
在此句式中, V是系動(dòng)詞(link v. ), 常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有: look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, grow, get, fall, stand, become, turn等。
He seemed interested in this book.
他似乎對(duì)這本書(shū)感興趣。
The story sounds reasonable.
這個(gè)故事聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有道理。
The blackboard feels smooth.
黑板摸上去很光滑。
(3)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)(S + V + O )
在此句式中, V是及物動(dòng)詞(vt. ), 后接賓語(yǔ)。
(2021·浙江高考)We visit a local farm every October.
我們每年十月都去當(dāng)?shù)氐囊粋€(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。
They found a solution easily.
他們很快找到了解決方案。
(4)主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)(S + V + IO + DO)
在此句式中, V是帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive, ask, offer, send, pay, lend, show, tell, buy, get, rob, warn等。
①間接賓語(yǔ)可以緊接動(dòng)詞之后, 也可以用to后置。
He bought me a present/a present to me.
他給我買了一件禮物。
Have you shown your work to anyone?
你讓別人看過(guò)你的作品嗎?
②間接賓語(yǔ)可以緊接動(dòng)詞之后, 也可以用for后置。
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
媽媽給我買了一本書(shū)。
He got me a chair/a chair for me.
他給我弄了一把椅子。
He brought me a pen/a pen for me.
他帶給我一支鋼筆。
(5)主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)(S + V + O + C)
在此句式中, 常作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的詞有: 形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞。
They made the girl angry. 他們使這個(gè)女孩生氣了。
They found her happy that day.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那天她很高興。
I found him out. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了。
I saw him in. 我看見(jiàn)他在家。
二、并列句
1. 概述
由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句并列連接起來(lái)的句子稱為并列句(compound sentence)。并列句中的各個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句彼此獨(dú)立, 互不依從, 但它們表達(dá)的意思之間有一定的關(guān)系。
并列句中的各個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句通常用并列連詞連接起來(lái)。并列連詞之前可用逗號(hào), 也可不用逗號(hào)(但however、therefore、otherwise等并列連詞前后都常有逗號(hào))。常見(jiàn)的并列句結(jié)構(gòu)是: 簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句。
I help him and he helps me.
我?guī)椭? 他幫助我。
She likes bread and milk, but she doesn’t like eggs at all.
她喜歡面包和牛奶, 但她一點(diǎn)也不喜歡雞蛋。
This is our first lesson, so I don’t know all your names.
這是我們的第一堂課, 因此我不知道大家的名字。
Turn the heat down or it’ll burn.
把爐火開(kāi)小一些, 不然就燒焦了。
2. 并列連詞
并列連詞(或連接副詞)根據(jù)不同含義, 分為如下幾類:
(1)表示連接, 常用的有and、not only. . . but also、neither. . . nor等。
Her uncle gave her a new bike as her birthday present and she liked it very much.
她叔叔給了她一輛新自行車作為生日禮物, 她非常喜歡。
Not only is he our teacher, but also he is our friend.
他不僅是我們的老師, 而且是我們的朋友。
Neither did the naughty boy go home nor did his parents come to search for him.
這調(diào)皮的男孩既不回家, 他的父母也不尋找他。
(2)表示轉(zhuǎn)折, 常用的有but、yet、still、however、while等。
He is in poor health but he still keeps working.
他身體不好, 但仍繼續(xù)工作。
The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months, yet he couldn’t find any work. 這個(gè)工人在紐約找工作已有數(shù)月之久, 但是仍然沒(méi)有找到任何工作。
Certainly he apologized, however, I won’t forgive him.
他的確道歉了, 然而我不會(huì)原諒他。
(3)表示選擇, 常用的有or、or else、otherwise、either. . . or等。
They must be taken away from the heat of the fire, or they might get burnt.
必須把它們從爐火邊拿走, 不然就有可能烤糊。
Take this bus or else you won’t get there in time.
乘這輛公共汽車吧, 否則你將無(wú)法及時(shí)到達(dá)那里。
(4)表示原因, 常用for。
They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one, for being blind, how could they?
他們常常聽(tīng)說(shuō)大象, 但從來(lái)沒(méi)看到過(guò), 因?yàn)樗麄兪敲と? 怎么能看到呢?
(5)表示結(jié)果, 常用的有so、therefore。
The rain began to fall, so we went home.
天開(kāi)始下雨了, 所以我們就回家了。
He worked day and night, therefore, he was able to buy the sports car.
他夜以繼日地工作, 所以有能力買那輛跑車。
三、復(fù)合句
1. 概述
復(fù)合句(complex sentence)由一個(gè)主句(main clause)和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句(subordinate clause)構(gòu)成。主句是全句的主體, 通常可以獨(dú)立存在; 從句則只用作句子的一個(gè)成分, 不能獨(dú)立。
After the students were all in the chemistry lab, the teacher brought out three bottles.
在學(xué)生全都進(jìn)入化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室后, 老師拿出三個(gè)瓶子來(lái)。
Corn is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways. 玉米是一種非常有用的作物, 可用許多不同的方法制作成食物。
We also believe that many more people will prefer to travel by air.
我們還認(rèn)為會(huì)有更多的人更喜歡乘飛機(jī)旅行。
What he said is true. 他說(shuō)的是真的。
2. 從句的基本概念及其結(jié)構(gòu)
從句不能獨(dú)立成為一個(gè)句子, 雖然它也有主語(yǔ)部分和謂語(yǔ)部分。從句通常由關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo), 并由關(guān)聯(lián)詞將從句和主句聯(lián)系在一起。從句的結(jié)構(gòu)通常是: 關(guān)聯(lián)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。
When I came home, my wife was cooking dinner.
當(dāng)我回家時(shí), 妻子在做晚飯。
Did you see the letter that I sent him?
你看到我寄給他的信了嗎?
Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather. 足球比賽是否舉行視天氣而定。
3. 連詞
(1)從屬連詞: that(無(wú)詞義), before(在……之前), whether(是否), after(在……之后), if(假如、是否), since(既然、自從), because(因?yàn)?, as/so long as(只要), when(當(dāng)……時(shí)候), so that(以便)
(2)連接代詞: who, which, whom, what, whose等。
(3)連接副詞: when, why, where, how
(4)關(guān)系代詞: who, which, whom, that, whose
(5)關(guān)系副詞: when, why, where
4. 從句的功用和種類
從句在復(fù)合句中, 可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等, 因此, 可分為六類: 即主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。
The dam, which is the biggest in the world, is 3, 830 metres long.
這座水壩是世界上最大的一座, 長(zhǎng)3 830米。(含有which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句)
Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor.
當(dāng)11層樓起火的時(shí)候, 大樓內(nèi)有500多人在工作。(含有when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)
The chief editor decides which will be the most important story on the front page.
由主編決定哪篇報(bào)導(dǎo)最重要, 應(yīng)安排在頭版。(含有which引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句)
Whether she will come or not is still a question.
她是否會(huì)來(lái)仍是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。(含有whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句)
That is where he was born.
那就是他出生的地方。(含有where引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句)
We heard the news that our team had won.
我們聽(tīng)到了我們球隊(duì)已經(jīng)獲勝的消息。(含有that 引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句)
【基礎(chǔ)演練】
Ⅰ. 寫(xiě)出下列句子的句型
1. Most of the students like English. (S+V+O)
2. The door is wide open. (S+V+P)
3. The little boy can speak now. (S+V)
4. They decided to offer Jo the job. (S+V+IO+DO)
5. I found English very easy to learn. (S+V+O+C)
6. Have you ever heard about this story? (S+V+O)
Ⅱ. 寫(xiě)出下列句子的類型
1. It is said that our school team has won the game. (含有主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句)
2. There are three books I reread annually. (含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句)
3. While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts. (含有狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句)
4. Growing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. (并列句)
5. We all want it to accept and love ourselves, but at times it seems too difficult. (并列句)
6. Hurry up or else you’ll be late. (并列句)
7. The good news that our class won the basketball competition has lifted everyone’s spirits. (含有同位語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句)
8. This is where swans and geese settle down. (含有表語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句)
Ⅲ. 選詞填空
but, so, and, because, if, unless, why, how
1. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there’s something for everyone!
2. He walked along the street for some time and then turned left.
3. He phoned home, but there was no reply.
4. I started to cry because I cut my finger.
5. Training is worthless unless there is proof that it works.
6. Can you tell me why you replied to our advertisement?
7. What worries me is how I am going to get another job.
8. I could do it now, if you like.
IV.根據(jù)所學(xué)的三種句型, 結(jié)合中文提示補(bǔ)全短文。
Dear Li Hua,
　　How is everything going? I hope you are very well(你很好). I’m fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I’m helping my dad on the farm(我正在農(nóng)場(chǎng)幫助我父親). It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark( 所以我每天從黎明工作到天黑). Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat(在比較冷的北方, 他們種小麥). Although the farm is large(盡管農(nóng)場(chǎng)很大), my dad has only two men working for him. ?
　　Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy(使我們非常高興). Some of my friends drink beer. I don’t, because I have to drive home after the party(因?yàn)榫蹠?huì)后我得開(kāi)車回家). Hope you can join us when you pay a visit to our country. ?
　　Give my best regards to your parents.
Yours,
Tom
二．寫(xiě)作基礎(chǔ)：建議信
黃金寫(xiě)作模板

1. 話題特點(diǎn)
建議信是寫(xiě)信人對(duì)某事提出自己的建議和忠告, 可能是寫(xiě)給個(gè)人, 就其遇到的某個(gè)問(wèn)題提出自己的看法和觀點(diǎn); 也可能是寫(xiě)給某個(gè)組織或機(jī)構(gòu), 就改進(jìn)服務(wù)提出建議或忠告。
2. 話題詞匯
(1)give you some advice on. . . 給你一些關(guān)于……的建議
(2)spare no effort to do sth. 不遺余力去做某事
(3)as we all know 眾所周知
(4)as far as I am concerned 據(jù)我所知
(5)be of great importance to 對(duì)……極其重要
(6)communicate with sb. 與某人交流
(7)had better do 最好做……
(8)take/follow my advice 采納我的建議
(9)get along with 相處, 進(jìn)展
(10)feel stressed 感到有壓力的
3. 話題句式
(1) 建議信開(kāi)頭常用句式
①I am sorry to know that you are worried about the coming exam.
了解到你對(duì)即將到來(lái)的考試很擔(dān)心我很難過(guò)。
②I’m glad that you are getting along well with your study.
我很高興你的學(xué)業(yè)進(jìn)展順利。
③You asked me in your letter how to get on with your deskmate.
你在信中問(wèn)及如何與你的同桌相處。
(2)表達(dá)建議常用句式
①You don’t have to worry about it.
你不必為此事?lián)摹?br /> ②First of all, try to invite some of your good friends to take part in after-class activities.
首先, 盡量邀請(qǐng)你的一些好朋友參加課外活動(dòng)。
③What’s more, help others when they’re in trouble.
更重要的是, 當(dāng)別人有困難時(shí)幫助他們。
④In my opinion, you should find a chance to talk with her.
依我看來(lái), 你應(yīng)該找機(jī)會(huì)與她談?wù)劇?br /> (3)建議信結(jié)尾常用句式
①I hope these suggestions will help you.
我希望這些建議對(duì)你有所幫助。
②I’m sure you’ll make it. 我確信你能行。
③I hope everything goes well with you. 我希望你萬(wàn)事如意。
【實(shí)踐應(yīng)用】
[試題呈現(xiàn)]
高一新生或多或少都會(huì)經(jīng)歷一些煩心事。如高中學(xué)習(xí)難度的增加使得學(xué)生的壓力增大; 新同學(xué)之間的不了解導(dǎo)致小誤會(huì)時(shí)而發(fā)生; 部分同學(xué)由于肥胖而感到自卑; 不少同學(xué)因?yàn)楝嵤屡c父母發(fā)生沖突, 這些都讓青少年對(duì)于高中生活感到沮喪和困惑。
　　針對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象, 請(qǐng)你(Tom)給高一的同學(xué)寫(xiě)一封信, 就某一兩個(gè)你感受最深的方面談?wù)勀愕目捶? 同時(shí)提出適當(dāng)?shù)慕ㄗh來(lái)幫助高一的學(xué)生樹(shù)立正確的態(tài)度。
注意: 詞數(shù)80個(gè)左右。
[寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)]
I.謀篇布局

II.遣詞造句：完成句子
1. 在成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程中, 我們經(jīng)歷一些身體的變化是正常的。
During the process of growing up, it is normal that we experience some body changes. ?
2. 真正重要的是, 我們應(yīng)該保持均衡的飲食。
It really matters that we should keep a balanced diet. ?
3. 除此之外, 我們經(jīng)常與我們的父母或朋友發(fā)生爭(zhēng)論。其原因是我們?cè)絹?lái)越成熟, 逐漸傾向于相信自己。
Besides, we often have arguments with our parents or friends. Because we are becoming more and more mature and gradually tend to believe in ourselves. ?
4. 為了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題, 我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該更多地和家人、朋友及老師交流。
To solve this problem, I think we should talk to our family, friends and teachers more. ?
5. 溝通是一個(gè)你向別人表達(dá)感情的重要方式, 然后他們能更好地理解你并幫助你。
Communication is an important way to express your feelings to others, and then they can understand you better and help you. ?
6. 用it is+adj. +for sb. to do. . . 升級(jí)句1
During the process of growing up, it is normal for us to experience some body changes. ?
7. 用what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)升級(jí)句2
What really matters is that we should keep a balanced diet. ?
8. 用the reason why. . . is that. . . 升級(jí)句3
Besides, the reason why we often have arguments with our parents or friends is that we are becoming more and more mature and gradually tend to believe in ourselves. ?
III.連句成篇
Dear Freshmen,
　　As a freshman, we are going through a difficult period at this time, which made us confused and frustrated about our high school life. I understand your feelings. Try these pieces of advice and see if they help.
　　Firstly, we should not be ashamed of our figure. During the process of growing up, it is normal for us to experience some body changes. What really matters is that we should keep a balanced diet. Besides, the reason why we often have arguments with our parents or friends is that we are becoming more and more mature and gradually tend to believe in ourselves. To solve this problem, I think we should talk to family, friends and teachers more. Communication is an important way to express your feelings to others, and then they can understand you better and help you.
　　All in all, I believe you will have a bright future.
　　Best wishes.
Yours sincerely,
Tom

單
詞
1. battle 　　　n. &vt. &vi. 爭(zhēng)論; 戰(zhàn)斗; 搏斗; 斗爭(zhēng)
2. teenager n. 青少年
3. tension n. 張力, 拉力; 緊張關(guān)系
4. rate n. 比率, 率; 速度
vi. &vt. 認(rèn)為; 評(píng)價(jià); 評(píng)估
5. shoot vi. & vt. 射擊, 射中; 攝影; (朝某方向)沖, 奔
6. target n. 指標(biāo); (攻擊的)目標(biāo), 對(duì)象; 靶子
vt. 把……作為攻擊目標(biāo); 面向
7. adult n. 成年人
8. struggle vi. &n. 奮斗; 斗爭(zhēng); 搏斗
9. breakdown n. 故障; 崩潰; (關(guān)系)破裂
10. calm vt. 使平靜; 使鎮(zhèn)定
adj. 鎮(zhèn)靜的, 平靜的; 沉著的
11. view n. 觀察; 視野; 意見(jiàn) vt. 把……看作
12. normal adj. 正常的; 一般的
n. 正常; 標(biāo)準(zhǔn); 常態(tài)
13. editor n. 編者, 編輯; 剪輯師
14. expert n. 專家; 行家
adj. 熟練的; 內(nèi)行的; 老練的
15. unique adj. 獨(dú)特的, 稀罕的; 獨(dú)一無(wú)二的
16. passive adj. 被動(dòng)的, 消極的
17. press vt. &vi. 催促, 逼迫, 按, 壓, 擠, 推
n. 報(bào)刊; 雜志
18. adventure n. 冒險(xiǎn); 冒險(xiǎn)精神; 奇遇, 經(jīng)歷
19. flexible adj. 靈活的; 柔韌的; 易彎曲的
20. gather vi. 聚集; 集合　vt. 收集; 聚集
21. volunteer vi. & vt. 自愿; 義務(wù)做; 主動(dòng)建議或告訴
22. figure 　　　n. 數(shù)字; 人物; 身材; 體形
23. response n. 響應(yīng); 反應(yīng); 回復(fù)
24. argue vi. 爭(zhēng)論, 辯論vt. 辯論, 爭(zhēng)論, 論證; 說(shuō)理
→argument n. 論證; 論據(jù); 爭(zhēng)吵
25. anxious adj. 焦慮的; 擔(dān)憂的; 渴望的; 急切的
→anxiety n. 焦慮; 渴望
26. anger n. 怒火, 憤怒
→angry adj. 生氣的; 憤怒的
27. mental adj. 精神的; 腦力的; 思想的
→mentality n. 心態(tài); 智力; 精神力
→mentally adv. 精神上, 智力上; 心理上
28. desire n. & vt. 欲望; 要求; 渴望
→desirable adj. 值得擁有的, 令人向往的
29. regular adj. 頻繁的; 有規(guī)律的
→regularly adv. 頻繁地; 有規(guī)律地
30. concern n. 擔(dān)心, 憂慮; 關(guān)愛(ài) vt. 影響, 牽扯; 涉及; 使擔(dān)心
→concerned adj. 有關(guān)的; 關(guān)心的
31. design n. 設(shè)計(jì); 構(gòu)思; 設(shè)計(jì)圖樣 vt. 設(shè)計(jì), 構(gòu)思; 計(jì)劃
→designer n. 設(shè)計(jì)師; 謀劃者
32. performance n. 表演; 執(zhí)行; 表現(xiàn)
→perform vt. 執(zhí)行; 完成; 演奏
33. secure adj. 安全的; 無(wú)慮的; 穩(wěn)當(dāng)?shù)? 可靠的
→security n. 安全, 安全性; 保證
34. graduate vi. & vt. 畢業(yè) n. 畢業(yè)生
→graduation n. 畢業(yè); 畢業(yè)典禮
35. operation n. 操作; 經(jīng)營(yíng); 手術(shù)
→operate vi. & vt. 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn); 操作; 動(dòng)手術(shù)
短
語(yǔ)
1. see eye to eye with sb. (on sth. )
　(在某事上)與某人看法一致
2. shoot up 快速長(zhǎng)高; 躥個(gè)兒
3. calm down 平靜下來(lái); 鎮(zhèn)定下來(lái)
4. from one’s point of view 從某人的角度、觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看
5. think sth. through 充分考慮, 全盤(pán)考慮
6. back down 　　　承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤; 認(rèn)輸
7. cheer up 使變得高興; 振奮起來(lái)
8. be on sb’s back about sth. 纏磨; 煩擾
9. draw sth. out of sth. 提取; 支取
10. depend upon 取決于; 依賴; 依靠
句
式
結(jié)
構(gòu)
1. It 作形式主語(yǔ), 不定式作真正的主語(yǔ)
It can be a big headache to balance your developing mental needs too.
平衡你不斷發(fā)展的精神需求也是一件讓人頭疼的事。
2. both. . . and. . . 引導(dǎo)并列結(jié)構(gòu)
You have both a new desire for independence and a continued need for your parents’ love and support.
你既對(duì)獨(dú)立有新的渴望, 又一直需要父母的愛(ài)和支持。
3. that 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句
The good news is that this stormy period will not last.
好消息是, 這一風(fēng)暴期不會(huì)持續(xù)太久。
4. It is likely that. . . 句式
It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.
這件事可能已經(jīng)在我們的論壇上討論過(guò)了。
5. There’s no point in doing sth. 句式
There’s no point in comparing you with others all the time.
總和別人比較是沒(méi)有意義的。

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