初中英語2024屆中考名詞專項復習（考點清單+精題精練）-試卷下載-教習網(wǎng)

一、可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成方法
1.一般情況下,在名詞詞尾直接加-s。
2.以[s]、[z]、[5]、[?]、[tj]、[d?]等音素結(jié)尾
的名詞變復數(shù)時加-es;如果詞尾為e，則只加-s。
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞，大多數(shù)變y為i
再加-es;以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞直接加-s。
4.以f(e)結(jié)尾的名詞,大多數(shù)將f(e)改為v，再加-es。
5.以“輔音字母+”結(jié)尾的名詞,多數(shù)情況下
加-es，pht、pian除外;以“元音字母+0”結(jié)尾的名詞一般加-S。
6.改變內(nèi)部元音或詞尾構(gòu)成復數(shù)形式的名詞。
man 的復數(shù)為men，wman的復數(shù)為 wmen,ft的復數(shù)為feet，tth 的復數(shù)為 teeth，child的復數(shù)為children。
7.表示“某國人”的詞變復數(shù)時，Chinese、
Japanese等單復數(shù)形式相同;Englishman、 Frenchman是把字母a變成字母e; American、Australian Canadian、German等是在詞尾直接加-s。
8.合成名詞的復數(shù)形式。
中間沒有連字符或間隔的合成名詞,將最后一個詞變復數(shù),如 birthdays;中間有連字符或間隔的合成名詞,將主體詞變復數(shù),如daughters-in-law;“man/wman+名詞”式的合成名詞,兩個名詞須同時變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)形式，如wmen teachers。
“數(shù)詞+名詞(+形容詞)”構(gòu)成合成詞作定語,其中的名詞用單數(shù)形式時,詞與詞之間須有連字符連接;其中的名詞用復數(shù)形式時，詞與詞之間不用連字符,但名詞復數(shù)形式需變所有格。例如:a tw-week hliday或tw weeks hliday.
10.單復數(shù)形式相同的名詞。
sheep、deer等名詞的單復數(shù)形式相同。
11.集體名詞的單復數(shù)概念及變化形式。
peple意為“人們”時本身即為復數(shù)概念;意為“民族”時為單數(shù),其復數(shù)形式為 peples,family、team army等側(cè)重整體概念時常以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),若表示多個這樣的整體有復數(shù)形式，其變化規(guī)則與其他可數(shù)名詞變復數(shù)時的變化規(guī)則一樣;若側(cè)重成員則表示復數(shù)意義。
二、名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)
12.常見的不可數(shù)名詞。
物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般為不可數(shù)名詞，如bread mney、paper(表示“紙”之意)、 medicine、advice、music weather等;news雖以s結(jié)尾,但它是一個不可數(shù)名詞。這些詞常借助 piece、cup、pair等單位詞表示數(shù)量,若表示復數(shù)概念,需要把單位詞變成復數(shù)形式。
13.既可作可數(shù)名詞也可作不可數(shù)名詞的詞。
fish意為“魚”時是可數(shù)名詞,指種類時其復數(shù)為fishes,指條數(shù)時單復數(shù)同形;意為餐桌上的“魚肉”時為不可數(shù)名詞。glass意為“玻璃”時為不可數(shù)名詞;意為“玻璃杯”時為可數(shù)名詞,復數(shù)形式 glasses 還可意為“眼鏡”。range 意為“橙子”時為可數(shù)名詞;意為“橙色”時為不可數(shù)名詞。 rm 意為“房間”時為可數(shù)名詞;意為“地方,空間”時為不可數(shù)名詞。
14.可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語。
(a)few many several a number f a great/gd many a cuple f 和 many a等只能修飾可數(shù)名詞;(a)little、much、a gd/great deal f a bit f 和 a large amunt f 等只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞;sme、a lt f.lts f、plenty f all 等既能修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù),也能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
三、名詞所有格
15.-'s所有格的構(gòu)成和用法。
一般情況下,可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)的所有格是在名詞詞尾直接加-'s;以s或es結(jié)尾的可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)在其詞尾加-';不以s或es結(jié)尾的可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)在其詞尾加-'s。表示店鋪、醫(yī)院、學校、住宅及公共建筑時，'s所有格后常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞。表示兩人或多人共有時，只需將最后一個名詞變?yōu)?'s所有格;表示兩人或多人分別擁有時，各個名詞的詞尾都需加-’s表示時間、天氣、距離、價格、國家、城市或團體等的名詞也常用-'s所有格表示所有關(guān)系。
16.f 所有格。
表示無生命事物的名詞的所有關(guān)系，一般用f所有格。
17.雙重所有格。
“f+-’s所有格/名詞性物主代詞”構(gòu)成雙重所有格。雙重所有格表示部分概念，f前的名詞通常有限定詞,如a an、ne、 sme、many、any、n等;f后用-’s所有格的名詞必須是明確限定的、指人的。
四、名詞的詞義辨析 ……………
18.各地中考對名詞的考查側(cè)重于常見名詞的
詞義辨析?？忌谄綍r的學習過程中，應該掌握重點詞匯的含義,在語境中正確辨析詞義,這樣才能選擇出正確的名詞。
【精題精練】
I.單項選擇
(一)
1.-What d yu think f yur new huse built by the lcal gvernment?
-Pretty g
D.I have a f happiness nw.
A.warning
B.traditin
C.feeling
D.questin
2.-I like best.
-S d I.I take singing classes every weeken
D.
A.music
B.physics
C.math
D.histry
3.Mr Huang is an excellent English teacher wh has ver 20 years teaching .
A.experience
B.infrmatin
C.knwledge
D.jurney
4.Wuld yu send me sme f yurs?I miss yu very much!
A.magazines
B.phts
C.mney
D.advice
5.Lily is a friend f .
A.Mary's mther's
B.Mary's mther
C.Mary mther's
D.Mary mther
6.Hw much_____d we need t make a banana milk shake?
A.bananas
B.apples
C.cffee
D.milk
7.Spending t much playing cmputer games is bad fr yur
A.time; eye
B.time; eyes
C.times; eyes
D.times;eye
8.-Miss Huang always advises us t practise speaking English after class.
-She is right.Speaking is an imprtant language
A.sign
B.skill
C.suggestin
D.wrk
9.I like this sng.It’s by ne f my favurite
A.singers
B.dancers
C.painters
D.writers
10.Fr his sn’s birthday,Steven is taking him t the new mvie as a
A.task
B.treat
C.chice
D.visit
11.Yu can see the n ur faces when we talk abut the great achievements in the past 70
years.
A.dubt
B.pride
C.regret
D.ability
12.After playing ftball fr mre than half an hur,the students tk rest.
A.a few minute's
B.a little minute's
C.a few minutes’
D.a little minutes
13.I'd like sme and
A.banana; tmat
B.bananas; tmat
C bananas; tmates
D.banana; tmates
14.In China, the clur red is the f gd luck.
A.dream
B.way
C.symbl
D.reasn
15.-It's useless t regret what has been dne.Dn’t make thse mistakes again.
-I wn't.That's a(n)
A.rder
B.decisin
C.prmise
D.agreement
(二)
1.In a restaurant, peple usually chse fds and drinks frm the
A.bk
B.menu
C.newspaper
D.magazine
2.We usually knw abut the histry f a city in the
A.museum
B.factry
C.bank
D.hspital
3.-In China, we use red paper t make hng ba because red means gd luck.
-That’s interesting! I want t knw all the Chinese .
A.traditins
B.sentences
C.ntices
D.prblems
4.His father was a great in Leishenshan Hspital in Wuhan.
A.actr
B.singer
C.vilinist
D.dctr
5.Nbdy thught it easy t finish s much wrk in .
A.tw days'time
B.tw-days time
C.tw day's time
D.tw days time
6.During the pandemic(流行病)many in ur city went t Hubei Prvince as vlunteers.
A.wman dctr
B.wman dctrs
C.wmen dctrs
D.wmen dctr
7.Mike desn’t have enugh mney, s he can nly affrd
A.a bread
B.t much bread
C.a piece f bread
D.many bread
8.-Here is my family .We tk it last year.
-What a happy family!
A.member
B.name
C.pht
D.huse
9.-The air is very fresh in ur city.There is less____than befre.-Yes.The gvernment has taken actin t prtect the envirnment.
A.wd
B.pllutin
C.nise
D.water
10.June 1st is___Day.My sister is happy n that day every year.
A.Wmen's
B.Father's
C.Teachers
D.Children's
11.-Can I help yu, Madam?
-Yes.,please. .
A.Tw pair f scks
B.Tw pairs f scks
C.Tw pairs f sck
D.Tw pair f sck
12.Jane is very thirsty, s she needs sme .
A.water
B.bread
C.cakes
D.rice
13.The prblems are difficult t slve.Please give me .
A.many advice
B.sme advice
C.an advice
D.sme advices
14.-I keep running every day.
-Ww! That's a gd .It can keep yu healthy.
A.task
B.exercise
C.habit
D.plan
15.The by has been missing fr five days and his parents are wrried abut his .
A.attentin
B.safety
C.actin
D.grwth
(三)
1.A factry will be built fr the f this type f new energy cars.
A.psitin
B.ppulatin
C.prductin
D.prnunciatin
2.Many teenagers want t be like Zhng Nanshan when they grw up.
A.writers
B.engineers
C.dctrs
D.inventrs
3.Mr Liu is a wise man, and he ften gives us a few .
A.suggestins
B.advice
C.hbbies
D.knwledge
4.Culd yu please pass me a t write with?
A.ruler
B.tape
C.pen
D.knife
5.-Jim，I have in finishing s much wrk.
-Dn't wrry.I can help yu.
A.ability
B.success
C.experience
D.difficulty
6.As the saying ges, “Where there is a will, there is a .”
A.wish
B.rad
C.way
D.key
7.Sandy really likes eating meat,but she desn’t like eating_ .
A.breads
B.vegetables
C.chickens
D.ndle
8.-Oh,n!We have missed the last bus.What shall we d?
-I’m afraid that we have n but t take a taxi.
A.idea
B.decisin
C.reasn
D.chice
9.-Mre and mre freigners cme t visit the Great Wall.
-That's true.It is the f China.
A.praise
B.pride
C.effrt
D.curage
10.-It's tday, isn’t it?
-Yes, it is.Let’s enjy the mn while eating sme mn cakes tnight.
A.the Lantern Festival
B.the Mid-Autumn Day
C.the Dragn Bat Festival
D.the Spring Festival
11. rm lks very clean.
A.Bb and Dave's
B.Bb's and Dave's
C.Bb's and Dave
D.Bb and Dave
12.He had his hair cut at the___arund the crner.
A.barber
B.barbers
C.barber's
D.barbers
13.-Tmrrw is ur mther’s birthday.Let's buy sme flwers fr her.
-OK.I knw she likes best.
A.dresses
B.rings
C.handbags
D.rses
14.My mther has a pr f directin, s she is always afraid t g ut alne.
A.scene
B.silence
C.service
D.sense
15.Please read the befre yu take the medicine.
A.intrductins
B.explanatins
C.instructins
D.experiments
II.寫出下列名詞的復數(shù)形式
1.bk 2.huse 3.cuntry 4.life
5.pstman 6.her 7.range
8.Japanese 9.factry 10.child
11.tree 12.mnkey
Ⅲ根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子(每空一詞)
1.There is a fashin (演出) at the schl hall.
2.Smking is bad fr ur (健康),s we must give it up.
3.My new dress is made f (絲綢).
4.It is imprtant and gd fr us t brush ur (牙齒) after meals.
5.Ya Ming is ne f my favrite basketball (運動員)。
6.It is a gd idea t keep English (日記) every day.
7.My sister wants t be a (模特).
8.There are lts f (蔬菜) in the supermarket, such as ptates and cabbages.
9.Many (地區(qū)) f this cuntry have suffered severe drught this invited Lily t have dinner at a French (餐館).
IV.中所的適當形式填空
streetinstructenergetictmat man teacher
singer tth ruleAmerican cmmunicate
1.That yung man is ne f my favurite pp .
2.Small cars are useful in cities with narrw .
3.The Queqia satellite(衛(wèi)星) will frm a _bridge between cntrllers n the Earth and the far side f the Mn.
4.Lk, we have muttn, fish, eggs, and juice fr dinner.
5.Many like t have hamburgers fr lunch.
6.Cmputers cannt wrk withut frm human beings.
7.The child is s full f that he can’t keep quiet.
8.There are mre than ne hundred teachers in ur schl,and mst f them are .
9.We shuld brush ur at least twice a day.
10.Yu must fllw the traffic n the way.
V.用所給名詞的適當形式填空
1.Many peple g t the park and take (pht) n Sunday.
2.In the mall there are tw (she) shps.
3.“It depends n my (child) decisin,”the mther said and lked at her tw sns.
4.Hw time flies! It is tw (mnth) since we met last.
5.During the Spring Festival,peple in Nrth China usually eat (dumpling)as a traditinal Chinese f
D.
6.Kaili is ne f the mst beautiful (city) in Guizhu.
7.Did the pliceman give sme_(advice)n hw t prtect persnal infrmatin?
8.Many (vlunteer)are playing an active part in making Kunming a beautiful city.
9.Can yu give me sme bttles f (range), please?
10.Hw many (cw) are there n the hill?
VI.將下列漢語譯成英語
1.一張紙 2.兩瓶可樂
3.一場結(jié)婚典禮 4.吉姆的爺爺
5.北京的天氣 6.她的一個同學
7.四位男護士 8.六只鵝
9.我的鉛筆 10.個人發(fā)展

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