新高考英語二輪復習課時練第2部分完形填空與語法填空專題4第1 有提示詞類動詞 (含解析)-試卷下載-教習網

語法填空可分為有提示詞類和無提示詞類兩種考查方式。一般情況下，七個小題為有提示詞類，?？疾閯釉~、名詞、代詞、形容詞和副詞；三個小題為無提示詞類，?？疾榻樵~、冠詞、連詞和代詞。所以在復習備考中，我們要準確掌握以上詞類的用法，才能巧解和破解語法填空題。
第1講有提示詞類——動詞
動詞一般考查謂語動詞、非謂語動詞和動詞的詞性轉換?？吹揭粋€句子后，首先要確定其是用謂語動詞還是用非謂語動詞，然后再根據句意和相應的技法確定謂語動詞或非謂語動詞的具體形式。如果判斷發(fā)現此空既不是謂語動詞也不是非謂語動詞，那就應該考慮動詞的詞性轉換了。
考點一謂語動詞的考查
技法一如何確定是否作謂語
技法二如何確定謂語動詞的時態(tài)
技法三如何確定謂語動詞的語態(tài)
注意不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構成
技法四如何確定謂語動詞的單復數形式(主謂一致)
注意 what引導的從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式，但如果表語是復數名詞，則謂語動詞用復數形式。What the schl needs are qualified teachers.
考點二非謂語動詞的考查
技法一如何確定是非謂語動詞
典例展示 (2022·新高考全國Ⅰ)
56． (cver) an area abut three times 57.the size f Yellwstne Natinal Park，the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.
分析句子結構可知，此句沒有并列連詞，知不是并列句，也沒有從屬連詞，知不是復合句，可以確定此句是簡單句；此句話已經有了謂語動詞will be，所以該空應填非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，該詞在句中作狀語，其邏輯主語是the GPNP，它們是主動關系，所以應用現在分詞形式；此空位于句首，首字母應大寫。故填Cvering。
技法二如何確定作主語和表語的非謂語動詞
注意 it充當形式主語，常見的動詞-ing形式/不定式作真正主語的句型：
(1)It is/was＋形容詞(fr/f sb.)＋t d sth.
(2)It is n use/gd ding sth.
(3)It takes sb.sme time t d sth.
(4)It’s wrthwhile t d/ding sth.
技法三如何確定作賓語的非謂語動詞
注意常見的帶介詞t的短語：be/get used t習慣于；stick t堅持；bject t/be ppsed t反對；lead t導致；devte t獻身于；be sentenced t被判處……(徒刑)；when it cmes t當提及；lk frward t盼望；add t加上；get dwn t著手做；be addicted t對……上癮；be/get accustmed t習慣于；adjust t/adapt neself t適應等。
技法四如何確定作賓語補足語的非謂語動詞
技法五如何確定作定語的非謂語動詞
技法六如何確定作狀語的非謂語動詞
考點三動詞的詞性轉換的考查
如果所給動詞既不作謂語，也不作非謂語，則一般應進行詞性轉換，通常加后綴變?yōu)槊~。常見的動詞變名詞的后綴有以下幾種。
1．(2021·全國乙)It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme educated abut the areas—bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics，and ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the develpment(develp) f the lcal areas.
2．(2022·全國甲)Ca and Wu als cllected garbage alng the rad，in rder t prmte envirnmental prtectin(prtect)．
3．Bing Dwen Dwen，a panda cub dressed in a full-bdy ice shell，has becme a majr attractin f the Winter Olympics，winning the hearts f athletes，pliticians，media and audiences ver the glbe with its chubby(圓胖的) appearance(appear)．
4．A pssible winner(win) fr “Best Pun” might shw Peter Rabbit，the character frm The Tale f Peter Rabbit，with a tail made f marshmallw fluff(棉花糖)．
5．Rainfrests have their wn perfect system fr ensuring their wn survival(survive)．
Grup 1 達標練
1．Evan is a wildlife phtgrapher.Once，tw tigers ran(run) past him，stpped a meter away frm his truck and began t fight.
2．The Big Tidy Up was started in 2008 and vlunteers in the UK have cllected(cllect) mre than 50,000 bags f litter in streets and parks up t nw.
3．Many schls rganise events in September t tidy(tidy) up their areas.
4．Parents these days seem t prtect their children mre than ever befre.And yet the truth is that children must be given(give) the pprtunity t take risks in rder t aid their develpment (develp)．
5．As much as artistic appreciatin，physical fitness and recreatin，calligraphy is becming (becme) a part f life amng many Chinese peple.Therefre，anther Glden Age f Chinese calligraphy is cming.
6．Yu might like hlding a dr pen fr peple r visiting(visit) lnely elderly peple in nursing hmes.
7．T find(find) ut if yu have what it takes t be a “cat whisperer”，take the fun cat faces quiz created(create) by the study’s researchers.
8．Besides，what distinguishes us frm animals is(be) that we knw we need t explre.
9．With mre rural residents spending(spend) time n leisure activities，the turism market and travel cmpanies will embrace(擁抱) new grwth in the future.
10．Befre it was brught t New Zealand abut a century ag and became wrld-renwned as kiwifruit，this humble fruit had been planted(plant) as “Chinese gseberry” fr almst 1,500 years.
Grup 2 真題練
1．“ can help t build a cmmunity with a shared(share) future fr mankind，” he said.(2022·全國乙)
2．The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that were(be) previusly unprtected，bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity t increase(increase) effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ)
3．But Cbb and thers are(be) nw questining that idea—pushing cnferences t prvide mre chances t participate remtely and changing (change) their persnal behavir t d their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.(2022·浙江1月)
4．He flew 4,700 kilmeters frm Xi’an t Kashgar n Sept.20，planning(plan) t hike back t Xi’an in five mnths.(2022·全國甲)
5．There has been(be) a dramatic rise in the number f extreme weather events ver the past 20 years，caused(cause) largely by rising glbal temperatures，accrding t a new reprt frm the United Natins.(2021·北京)
6．I was upset t learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage，thinking(think) it is fd.
(2021·新高考全國Ⅱ)
7．Yu can’t help wndering hw hard it was(be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place.(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ)
8．Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain，still it highlights the whle adventure and ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur aching(ache) legs.
(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ)
9．It is calculated by dividing a persn’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared，and a BMI f between 19 and 25 is cnsidered(cnsider) healthy.(2021·浙江1月)
10．In 1985，urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries studied(study) had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas.(2021·浙江1月)
A
(2022·福建龍巖一模)
Chinese taiknauts，Zhai Zhigang，Wang Yaping，and Ye Guangfu，cnducted the science lecture 400 kilmeters abve Earth.They interacted with students frm five classrms acrss China and shwed viewers 1. they live and wrk inside the space statin.
When 2. (reply) t a Hng Kng student’s questin abut water，Wang explained that the water they drink 3. (recycle)，nting that there is n difference in taste 4. regular water and recycled water and every drp f water is made full use f there.In an experiment，she created a water film using a metal ring and a bag 5. (fill) with water.Then she placed n the water film a paper flwer bud(花蕾) prepared by her daughter and her befre the jurney.The bud turned arund 6. (magical) n the film and “blssmed”．
Zhai 7. (intrduce) the “penguin jumpsuit” Ye was wearing during the class.The suit has multiple flexible bands inside t help the astrnauts maintain their muscle 8. (strng)．
Ye demnstrated experiments related t cell grwth in the 9. (weight) envirnment in space.They cmpared 10. grwth and shape f cells in artificial gravity and zer-gravity t study their changing rules and mechanisms.
1．答案 hw
解析考查名詞性從句。分析句子結構可知，從句中缺少方式狀語，表示“如何”，應用連接副詞hw來引導。故填hw。
2．答案 replying
解析考查非謂語動詞。該空動詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語Wang，與其是主謂關系，應用現在分詞作狀語。故填replying。
3．答案 is recycled
解析考查動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子可知，recycle與其邏輯主語the water之間是被動關系，描述客觀事實，應使用一般現在時態(tài)，又因主語the water是不可數名詞，所以謂語動詞應使用單數形式。故填is recycled。
4．答案 between
解析考查介詞。為固定搭配，意為“在……與……之間”。故填between。
5．答案 filled
解析考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知， (fill) with water作后置定語，修飾名詞bag，因此空處應用非謂語動詞，fill與其邏輯主語bag之間是被動關系，所以應用過去分詞形式。故填filled。
6．答案 magically
解析考查副詞。分析句子可知，提示詞修飾動詞短語turned arund，應填副詞形式magically，意為“神奇地”。
7．答案 intrduced
解析考查動詞時態(tài)。分析句子可知，intrduce是句中謂語動詞，與主語Zhai之間是主動關系，講述過去的事情，應使用一般過去時態(tài)。故填intrduced。
8．答案 strength
解析考查名詞。根據空格前形容詞性物主代詞their可知，應填入名詞strength構成名詞詞組muscle strength作賓語，意為“肌肉強度”。
9．答案 weightless
解析考查形容詞。根據句意可知，提示詞作定語修飾名詞envirnment，應用形容詞形式，結合常識，此處表示“失重的環(huán)境”。故填weightless。
10．答案 the
解析考查冠詞。句中指人工重力和零重力條件下細胞的“生長和形狀”，表特指，用定冠詞。故填the。
B
(2022·陜西西安模擬)
If yu 1. (see) a piece f CNY 20 befre，yu may have an impressin f the back picture f it.Reputed as the mst beautiful landscape in China，Guilin scenery is nt just wrth CNY 20 nly.
The crystal Li River turns arund in Xingping Ancient Twn.S the highlight is emerged here.Mst peple may think the sunny day is the best weather fr catching phts.But in Li River，it is nt！2. (bury) yurself in this picturesque scenery，yu shuld frget that yu have t wear a raincat.If yu are lucky enugh t have a bamb rafting frm Yangdi t Xingping n a fggy day，yu will catch the best mment f yur life.
The weather n the river is 3. (change)，ne minute is fine 4. the next minute will be rain.At this time，nly layut f the hills can 5. (spt)．The shape f hills is blur，and the river in my eyes is green.Even if yu are just a persn withut rich 6. (imagine)，yu can draw a picture in yur mind immediately.The landscape f Guilin is even better than 7. f a fairy tale.
The representative f Li River scenery may 8. (prbable) be the “Nine Hrses Painted Hill”．T find ut the nine hrses in different pses n the wall is always the jy fr peple 9. hliday.It is said that if yu can cunt the hrses frm the first t the 10. (nine)，yu will be rich and intelligent in the future.
eq \x(語篇解讀這是一篇散文。文章主要描述了桂林的美麗風景。)
1．答案 have seen
解析考查動詞的時態(tài)。分析句子結構可知，此處動詞作謂語，根據時間狀語befre以及語境，此處表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現在造成的影響，應該用現在完成時，從句主語是yu。故填have seen。
2．答案 T bury
解析考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，此處應用非謂語動詞作狀語，表示目的，且動詞bury和其邏輯主語yu之間是主動關系，應該用t d形式。故填T bury。
3．答案 changeable
解析考查形容詞。分析句子結構可知，此處應用形容詞作be動詞的表語。故填changeable。
4．答案 while
解析考查連詞。根據句意可知，前一分鐘晴好，下一分鐘又下雨，此處表示對比，應用連詞while連接句子。故填while。
5．答案 be sptted
解析考查被動語態(tài)。分析句子結構可知，主語layut f the hills與動詞spt是被動關系，且設空處位于情態(tài)動詞can后面。故填be sptted。
6．答案 imaginatin
解析考查名詞。分析句子結構可知，rich是形容詞，修飾名詞，設空處應該填名詞形式作介詞withut的賓語，且名詞imaginatin“想象力”，是不可數名詞。故填imaginatin。
7．答案 that
解析考查指示代詞。此處指代前文提到的“The landscape”，應該用that。故填that。
8．答案 prbably
解析考查副詞。分析句子結構可知，此處應該用副詞形式修飾謂語。故填prbably。
9．答案 n
解析考查介詞。n hliday表示“在度假”，是固定搭配。故填n。
10．答案 ninth
解析考查序數詞。分析句子結構可知，此處和前文the first并列，應該用序數詞。故填ninth。
強化練(二十八) 語法填空(1)
A
(2022·安徽馬鞍山三模)
With five thusand years f creative effrts，the Chinese cuisine has becme increasingly ppular.Mdern China enjys a wrldwide reputatin as the “kingdm f cuisine”．
The endless variety f natural materials 1. methds f preparatin emplyed in Chinese cuisine stand ut unequaled in the wrld，which may accunt fr the 2. (universe) ppularity f Chinese restaurants and cking verseas.The three key elements，by 3. Chinese cking is judged，are knwn as “clr，arma and taste”．They are achieved by cmbining a series f delicate 4. (activity)．
Visitrs t China are ften surprised when a typical dinner fr a table f eight peple 5.______ (cnsist) f cld and ht dishes，with sup and steamed rice.Often beer and wine 6. (serve) as well.When tasting each ther，peple usually dry up their glasses 7. (cnvey) the message that they are sincere and jyful.8. ，it is quite acceptable fr a freign guest t take a little instead f emptying the glass.While the custm strikes a freign visitr as 9. (particular) strange，it shws ne key aspect that fine fd and gd drink,10. (take) in the cmpany f gd friends，make up ne f ur supreme pleasures in life.
1．答案 and
解析考查連詞。“The endless variety f natural materials”以及空后的“methds f preparatin emplyed in Chinese cuisine”共同擔當了本句的主語，為并列關系，所以用連詞and。故填and。
2．答案 universal
解析考查形容詞。修飾名詞ppularity，用形容詞形式。故填universal。
3．答案 which
解析考查定語從句。句中先行詞為“The three key elements”，在非限制性定語從句中擔當介詞by的賓語，只能用關系代詞which引導。故填which。
4．答案 activities
解析考查名詞復數。根據上文的a series f可知，其后名詞為可數名詞的復數形式。故填activities。
5．答案 cnsists
解析考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。根據上文的“are ften surprised”可知，本句時態(tài)為一般現在時；主語為a typical dinner，所以謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式；動詞短語cnsist f無被動語態(tài)。故填cnsists。
6．答案 are served
解析考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據ften可知，本句為一般現在時；主語為beer and wine，視作復數，且和動詞serve之間存在被動關系。所以空處為一般現在時的被動語態(tài)。故填are served。
7．答案 t cnvey
解析考查非謂語動詞。句中用不定式作目的狀語，表示“為了”。故填t cnvey。
8．答案 Hwever/Nevertheless
解析考查副詞。根據句意可知，上下文存在轉折關系，且出現在句首，首字母要大寫。故填Hwever/Nevertheless。
9．答案 particularly
解析考查副詞。修飾形容詞strange用副詞形式。故填particularly。
10．答案 taken
解析考查非謂語動詞。句中已有謂語動詞，所以用非謂語動詞形式。句中主語fine fd and gd drink與take之間存在被動關系，所以用過去分詞作后置定語。故填taken。
B
The impact f pandemic(流行病) n life expectancy(預期壽命)，ne f the mst widely used standards t assess ppulatin health，was assessed by a study 1. (publish) in the Infrmatinal Jurnal f Epidemilgy.The study 2. (cnduct) by the Oxfrd University’s Leverhulme Centre fr Demgraphic(人口的) Science.
The study revealed that wmen frm 15 cuntries and men frm 10 ended up 3. a lwer life expectancy at birth in 2020 cmpared t 2015.4. biggest drps in life expectancy，hwever，were witnessed in men instead f wmen in mst cuntries.American men were the wrst ff，with 2.2 years shaved ff their life expectancy at birth.Men in Lithuania faced the secnd 5. (large) impact n their life expectancy，with a cut f 1.7 years.
Reductins in life expectancy verall 6. (ccur) in 27 f the 29 cuntries analyzed by the study.Only men and wmen in Denmark and Nrway and wmen in Finland managed t 7. (successful) avid drps in life expectancy，the study said.Nn-pharmaceutical interventins and strng healthcare systems in these cuntries were cited as 8. (factr) that culd help explain this.
All the cuntries 9. life expectancy drpped had taken an average f 5－6 years 10. (achieve)．Just a ne-year increase in life expectancy.The pandemic wiped ut f this prgress，the study said.
1．答案 published
解析考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，句中謂語是“was assessed”，空格處是非謂語動詞，study和publish是被動關系，因此空格處用過去分詞表被動，作后置定語。故填published。
2．答案 was cnducted
解析考查動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。由by可知，句子用被動語態(tài)，由上文可知，這個研究是過去進行的，因此空格處用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，主語“The study”是單數，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。故填was cnducted。
3．答案 with
解析考查介詞。end up with是固定短語，意為“以……結束/告終”。故填with。
4．答案 The
解析考查定冠詞。biggest是最高級，前面用定冠詞the，位于句首，首字母大寫，故填The。
5．答案 largest
解析考查形容詞最高級。the secnd后跟最高級，the secnd largest意為“第二大”，故填largest。
6．答案 ccurred
解析考查動詞時態(tài)。通篇時態(tài)是一般過去時，因此空格處用過去時。故填ccurred。
7．答案 successfully
解析考查副詞。空格處用副詞修飾動詞avid，故填successfully。
8．答案 factrs
解析考查名詞復數。“Nn-pharmaceutical interventins and strng healthcare systems”是復數，factr意為“因素”，為可數名詞。故填factrs。
9．答案 where
解析考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空格處引導定語從句，先行詞cuntries在從句中作地點狀語，因此空格處填關系副詞where。
10．答案 t achieve
解析考查非謂語動詞?！癷t takes/tk sb.sme time t d sth.”是固定句型，意為“某人花時間做某事”，其中it是形式主語，真正的主語是不定式?？崭裉幩诰渥邮谴斯潭ň湫偷淖冃?，因此空格處用不定式。故填t achieve。
C
(2022·江西贛州一模)
Happiness des nt appear t be assciated with age，gender，race，r gegraphical lcatin.Instead，it 1. (relate) t the feeling yu have when yu are self-satisfied.Researchers have fund that happy peple tend t be 2. (energy)，decisive，flexible，creative，and sciable and tend t lk at the brighter side f life，and are mre willing t help thse in need.Furthermre，happy peple have high self-esteem and a sense f persnal cntrl，are ptimistic，and enjy scial supprt—that is，they have a large circle f friends and ften engage in rewarding scial 3. (activity)．An imprtant factr 4. (affect) happiness is the tendency t cmpare ne’s situatin with 5. f ther peple.If yu feel that yu are struggling t make ends meet while everyne arund yu 6. (appear) t be living in cmfrt and 7. (secure)，yu will feel less jy and mre stress.Indeed，surveys have shwn that perceived wealth matters mre than abslute wealth.8. David G．Myers，a leader f the field f happiness research，pints ut，“Actual incme desn’t much influence happiness; hw satisfied we are 9. ur incme des.If we’re cntent with ur incme，regardless f hw much it is，we’re likely t say we’re happy.10. (put) it anther way，’Satisfactin isn’t s much getting what yu want as wanting what yu have’．”
eq \x(語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要解釋快樂與什么因素有關及原因。)
1．答案 is related
解析考查時態(tài)及固定搭配。此句描述的是一般事實，故用一般現在時。根據句意可知，此處考查短語be related t...，表示“與……有關”。主語it是單數，故填is related。
2．答案 energetic
解析考查形容詞。根據句意及句子結構可知，此處應填形容詞形式，作表語。故填energetic。
3．答案 activities
解析考查名詞復數。根據句意可知，此處泛指各種“社交活動”，activity意為“活動”，為可數名詞，故填activities。
4．答案 affecting
解析考查現在分詞。根據句意及句子結構可知，factr與affect是主謂關系，故用現在分詞，作后置定語，修飾An imprtant factr，故填affecting。
5．答案 that
解析考查代詞。根據句意可知，此句是將自己的情況與其他人的情況進行比較，此處指同類異物，特指，故用代詞that指代situatin，故填that。
6．答案 appears
解析考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子可知，提示詞是分句謂語動詞，本文的時態(tài)是一般現在時，主語everyne是單數，故謂語動詞也用第三人稱單數形式，故填appears。
7．答案 security
解析考查名詞。根據并列連詞and可知，并列成分的詞性需一致，故此處應填名詞作賓語。故填security。
8．答案 As
解析考查連詞。根據句意及句子結構可知，此處應填as，表示“正如”，引導非限制性定語從句。置于句首，首字母大寫，故填As。
9．答案 with
解析考查介詞。短語be satisfied with意為“對……滿意”，故填with。
10．答案 T put
解析考查不定式及固定搭配。t put it anther way是固定搭配，意為“換句話說”。置于句首，開頭首字母應大寫，故填T put。
D
(2022·陜西榆林三模)
Whever has ever been t a Chinese restaurant may have experienced 1. unique set f utensils(餐具)．Instead f a frk，yu may have been handed tw lng 2. (stick)．What are we talking abut? Chpsticks，f curse! Experts believe they riginated in China.Chpsticks 3.______________(be) arund fr ver 5,000 years.Fr example，a pair f brnze chpsticks frm 1200 BCE has been fund in China.Experts believe the earliest chpsticks were likely used t stir a fire r serve fd during 4. (ck)．
Chpsticks yu get in a Chinese restaurant are 5. (usual) made f wd.Hwever，they are als cmmnly made f bamb.Yu can als find chpsticks 6. (make) ut f metal and bne.In China，chpsticks are called kuaizi，7. is a wrd made up f characters meaning quick and “bamb”．The English wrd “chpsticks” may cme 8. a cmmn phrase that means “quickly chp”．
Chpsticks 9. (mean) t be useful but difficult t handle.They are held by the main hand and used t pick up fd.It takes a bit f practice 10. (feel) cmfrtable when yu use chpsticks t eat.With a little wrk，yu’ll be eating with chpsticks in n time.
eq \x(語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國的傳統餐具“筷子”。)
1．答案 a
解析考查冠詞。a set f為固定搭配，意為“一套……”，unique是以輔音音素開頭的單詞。故填a。
2．答案 sticks
解析考查名詞復數。名詞stick(棍子)是可數名詞，前邊有tw修飾，所以要用復數形式。故填sticks。
3．答案 have been
解析考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。時間狀語fr ver 5,000 years 用于現在完成時態(tài)；主語是復數名詞Chpsticks，故填have been。
4．答案 cking
解析考查名詞。介詞during后要接名詞作賓語，cking“烹飪”，不可數名詞，故填cking。
5．答案 usually
解析考查副詞。此處用副詞usually作狀語，修飾謂語動詞are made f。故填usually。
6．答案 made
解析考查過去分詞。此處用過去分詞made作賓語補足語，與賓語chpsticks在邏輯上是被動關系。故填made。
7．答案 which
解析考查定語從句。本句用關系代詞which引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞是kuaizi，關系代詞在從句中作主語。故填which。
8．答案 frm
解析考查介詞。固定短語cme frm...意為“來自……”，故填frm。
9．答案 are meant
解析考查動詞時態(tài)、主謂一致和固定搭配。固定短語be meant t 意思是“公認，應該”，在本句中作謂語，說的是一般狀況，所以要用一般現在時態(tài)；而主語是復數名詞Chpsticks，故填are meant。
10．答案 t feel
解析考查不定式。句中it是形式主語，不定式短語t feel cmfrtable是真正的主語。故填t feel。年份
卷別
體裁
話題
短文詞數
有提示詞
無提示詞
謂語動詞
非謂語動詞
詞性轉換
名詞
代詞
比較等級
冠詞
介詞
連詞
代詞
副詞
限定詞
2022
全國
乙卷
說明文
第一個國際
茶日
230
1
3
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
全國
甲卷
記敘文
徒步
旅行
230
1
3
2
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
新高考
全國
Ⅰ卷
說明文
GPNP計劃
225
2
2
1
1
0
0
1
1
2
0
0
0
2021
全國
乙卷
說明文
生態(tài)
旅游
198
0
2
3
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
全國
甲卷
記敘文
游覽
西安
古城墻
176
2
2
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
新高考
全國
Ⅰ卷
記敘文
游覽
黃山
201
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
0
2
0
0
0
2020
全國
Ⅰ卷
說明文
中國無人探測器登月成功
210
3
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
全國
Ⅱ卷
說明文
新年
裝飾物
的美好
寓意
205
1
3
3
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
全國
Ⅲ卷
記敘文
自然
母親
229
2
2
2
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
0
0
新高考
全國
Ⅰ卷
說明文
博物館相關
知識
204
3
1
2
0
1
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
技法指導：句子結構分析法
典例展示
1.分析句子結構知此句為簡單句，在主語后面要填動詞，而且只有這一個動詞，則該空格應填謂語動詞。
2.分析句子結構知此句為并列句，可知并列詞前后兩個句子都要有自己的謂語動詞。
3.分析句子結構知此句為復合句，可知主句和從句都要有自己的謂語動詞。
注意
1.根據語境、并列謂語、時間標志詞等確定用哪種時態(tài)；
2.根據主語與謂語之間是主動關系還是被動關系以確定語態(tài)；
3.根據主語確定謂語動詞的數，做到主謂一致。
(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ)The GPNP 60. (design) t reflect the guiding principle f “prtecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) f natural ecsystems，preserving bilgical diversity，prtecting eclgical buffer znes,61.and leaving behind precius natural assets(資產) fr future generatins”．
分析句子結構可知，此句雖長，卻是一個簡單句。設空處在句中作謂語，和句子的主語The GPNP之間為被動關系；敘述客觀事實，應用一般現在時。故設空處應為一般現在時的被動語態(tài)；主語是單數，謂語應用單數形式。故填is designed。
解題思路
技法點撥
針對訓練
1.慧眼識別標志詞
認清?？紩r態(tài)的標志性時間狀語
(1)看到ften，usually，always，every time，smetimes等時間狀語，要想到用一般現在時。
(2)看到yesterday，last year，in 2022，the ther day，tw days ag，一段時間＋later等時間狀語，要想到用一般過去時。
(3)看到tmrrw，next year，in a week，in the future，sn等時間狀語，要想到用一般將來時。
(4)看到at this mment，at present，nw等時間狀語，要想到用現在進行時。
(5)看到since，recently，lately，already，in the last/past few years，s far/up t nw，fr＋時間段，ever since...等時間狀語，要想到用現在完成時。
(6)看到by then，by the end f...等時間狀語，要想到用過去完成時。
1.Every time I g hme t see my father，he ften fishes(fish) in the river near ur village.
2.Qizai was fund(find) as a weak baby panda in 2009 in Qinling Muntains.
3.The exam results will be put(put) up tmrrw afternn.Please wait patiently.
4.The twins are helping(help) their mther d the husewrk at this mment.
5.(2022·全國甲)In the last five years，Ca has walked(walk) thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents，and in 2016，he reached the tp f Kilimanjar，Africa’s highest muntain.
6.By abut 6000 BC，peple had discvered(discver) the best crps t grw and animals t raise.
2.瞻前顧后找并列
(1)可根據并列連詞and，but，r，rather than，，nt als...等前后的謂語動詞形式確定所填謂語動詞的時態(tài)。
(2)同一個主語的兩個或兩個以上的并列謂語，謂語動詞時態(tài)要一致。
7.There，he nt nly did well as a student but als became(becme) an accmplished public speaker.
8.The elephants invaded farms，visited(visit) a car dealership and even shwed up at a retirement hme.
3.通過“常用句式”法
掌握常用句式也是解決時態(tài)問題快速且行之有效的方式，因此平時要積累并熟記一些常用句式。如：
(1)was/were ding sth.when
(2)had (just) dne sth.when＋一般過去時
(3)This/It/That is the that sb.have/has dne...
(4)This/It/That was the that sb.had dne...
(5)祈使句＋and/r＋陳述句，陳述句用一般將來時
(6)It’s (high) time d sth.
9.I was driving(drive) dwn t Lndn when I suddenly fund that I was n the wrng rad.
10.This marks the first time that categrical rhythm has been fund(find) in a nnhuman mammal.
11.I say t him with a cheerful smile，“G t exercise and yu will feel(feel) better.”
12.Therefre，it is high time that we tk/shuld take(take) effective measures t imprve the current situatin.
4.通過“語境暗示”法
分析句子結構，發(fā)現提示詞作謂語，而沒有標志性的時間狀語，且其他參照物都不明顯的情況下，通過正確理解語境即通過題干中的語境暗示解題，也是解決時態(tài)問題的一種行之有效的方法。
13.The wrd “thermplium” literally meant “a place where smething ht is sld(sell)” at that time.
解題思路
技法點撥
針對訓練
1.依據邏輯關系，辨析主動或被動
(1)分析句子結構，發(fā)現提示詞作謂語，若與主語之間是主動關系，應考慮用主動語態(tài)；若是被動關系則考慮用被動語態(tài)。
(2)被動語態(tài)的基本形式為：be＋過去分詞，不同形式的被動語態(tài)的結構見下面的【注意】。
(3)運用上面的技法來判斷是什么時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，再根據主謂一致判斷be動詞的形式。
1.On the last day f ur week-lng stay，we were invited (invite) t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre.
2.(2020·全國Ⅰ)Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brwn University，says，“because it means we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn is cnstructed(cnstruct)．”
3.(2022·河南許平汝聯盟三模)Rather，it is seen(see) as a typical reactin t the grwing awareness f the prblems that can result frm climate change and ther glbal threats.
2.牢記主動表被動含義的句式結構
(1)當feel，lk，smell，taste，sund等后面接形容詞時；
(2)當cut，read，sell，wear，write，wash等作不及物動詞表示主語內在“品質”或“性能”時；
(3)當break ut，take place，shut ff，turn ff，wrk ut等動詞短語表示“發(fā)生，關閉，制定”等意思時。
4.There are many flwers in the garden，which smell (smell) s sweet that they attract many butterflies.
5.The cat yu bught fr me is made f a kind f clth washing(wash) easily.
6.Great changes have taken(take) place in my hmetwn in the past ten years.
現在
過去
將來
過去將來
一般
am/is/are dne
was/were dne
shall/will be dne
shuld/wuld be dne
進行
am/is/are being dne
was/were being dne
—
—
完成
have/has been dne
had been dne
shall/will have been dne
shuld/wuld have been dne
含有情態(tài)動詞
情態(tài)動詞＋be＋dne
解題原則
技法點撥
針對訓練
1.語法一致原則
(1)動名詞、動詞不定式、從句、不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數。
(2)主語后接介詞短語或其他插入語，如with，tgether with，as well as，like，but，except，alng with，rather than，including，in additin t等，謂語動詞的數要與前面的主語保持一致。
(3)and，連接兩個不同的主語時，謂語動詞用復數形式；但是如果由and連接的兩個名詞表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現時，謂語動詞用單數形式。
(4)定語從句中關系代詞作主語時，從句中的謂語動詞的數要與先行詞保持一致。
(5)“many a/mre than ne＋單數名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。each，every，n所修飾的名詞作主語時，即使有and連接，謂語動詞仍用單數。
1.(2022·浙江1月)Travelling t cnferences，lectures，wrkshps，and the like—frequently by plane—is viewed/has been viewed(view) as imprtant fr scientists t get tgether and exchange infrmatin.
2.(2019·天津改編)Amy，as well as her brthers，was given(give) a warm welcme when returning t the village last week.
3.The pet and writer has(have) prduced many wrks，sme f which have been translated int freign languages.
4.My friend shwed me arund the twn，which was(be) very attractive.
5.Many a parent has(have) had t g thrugh this same painful prcess.
2.就近一致原則
(1)由r，，，nt (als)．..，等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞的數通常與最近的主語保持一致。
(2)由there，here引起的句子中主語不止一個時，謂語動詞的數通常和最近的主語保持一致。
6.Nt nly the students but als their teacher was(be) mved deeply by the mving stry.
7.(2022·陜西咸陽模擬)Even thugh there are(be) mre pprtunities t g ut and d fun things in the city，it may take fcus away frm yur studies.
3.意義一致原則
(1)集體名詞作主語時，若被看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數形式；若被看作是構成集體的一個個成員，謂語動詞用復數形式。常見的集體名詞有：family，class，team，grup等。
(2)“the＋形容詞”表示一類人在句中作主語時，謂語動詞用復數形式。
(3)由分數、百分數或者sme，a part f等修飾時，要根據所修飾的名詞確定謂語動詞的單復數。
8.The class were(be) ding experiment when the teacher came in.
9.The sick have been cured and the lst have been fund.(have)
10.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)Often，nly a small part f a museum’s cllectin is(be) n display.Mst f it is stred away r used fr research.
考查方向
解題思路
針對訓練
非謂語動詞作主語
1.分析句子結構，找到句子的謂語部分，其前設空可能是缺少主語。如果是不具體的抽象的動作一般用-ing形式作主語；如果是具體的動作一般用不定式作主語。
2.掌握一些it充當形式主語，動詞-ing形式/不定式作真正主語的句型，常見句型見下面的【注意】。
1.Carrying(carry) a large quantity f cash culd put the wner in danger as rbberies quite ften happened alng the way.
2.(2019·全國Ⅲ)On ur way t the huse，it was raining s hard that we culdn’t help wndering hw lng it wuld take t get(get) there.
3.(2021·全國甲)It is pssible t walk(walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
非謂語動詞作表語
1.現在分詞作表語，意為“令人感到……的”。
2.動名詞作表語，表示對主語內容的進一步說明和解釋。
3.過去分詞作表語，意為“本身感到……的”。
4.不定式作表語，表將來或目的。
4.The day is t celebrate (celebrate) the imprtance and rle f philsphy in ur lives.
5.(2018·全國Ⅲ)I quickly lwer myself，ducking my head t avid lking directly int his eyes s he desn’t feel challenged(challenge).
6.Biprinting may be a relatively new field but the results s far are encuraging(encurage).
考查方向
解題思路
針對訓練
作介詞的賓語
1.介詞和帶介詞的固定搭配后一定跟動名詞作賓語。
2.帶介詞t的短語后也跟動名詞作賓語。常見的帶介詞t的短語見下面的【注意】。
3.介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語，且前面有實義動詞d時，不定式要省略t。
1.Sme say it is necessary fr graduates t spend mney in prducing (prduce) embellished resumes and buying suitable clthes.
2.I wn’t call myself the mst accmplished persn when it cmes t hlding (hld) chpsticks.
3.The windws were never pened except t air(air) the rm fr a few minutes.
只能跟動名詞作賓語的動詞和短語
avid，advise，appreciate，allw，admit，cnsider(考慮)，deny，delay，enjy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，mind，miss，permit，practice，quit，risk，suggest，give up，be wrth，put ff，insist n，keep n，succeed in等。
4.Practicestaying(stay) highly aware f yur breath，yur presence，and yur thughts，and yu will be cmpletely yurself.
5.Yu may enjy using it t d research fr a schl prject，dwnlading(dwnlad) yur favrite sngs r cmmunicating with friends and family.
只能跟不定式作賓語的動詞
agree，arrange，aim，affrd，chse，demand，decide，determine，desire，expect，fail，hpe，lng(渴望)，learn，manage，ffer，pretend，plan，prmise，prepare，refuse，want，wish等。
6.(2022·浙江1月)That apprach brught Cbb’s air travel last year dwn by 75%，and she plans t cntinue(cntinue) the practice.
既可跟動名詞作賓語，又可跟不定式作賓語但表達含義不同的動詞短語
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(mean t d sth.打算做某事,mean ding sth.意味著做某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(frget t d sth.忘記去做某事,frget ding sth.忘記做過某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(remember t d sth.記得去做某事,remember ding sth.記得做過某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(regret t d sth.遺憾要做某事,regret ding sth.后悔做過某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(can't help ding sth.忍不住做某事,can't help t d sth.不能幫忙做某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(stp t d sth.停下來去做某事,stp ding sth.停止做某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(try t d sth.盡力去做某事,try ding sth.試著做某事))
7.(2018·天津)I didn’t mean t eat(eat) anything but the ice cream lked s gd that I culdn’t help trying(try) it.
8.(2018·浙江)I still remember visiting(visit) a friend wh’d lived here fr five years and I was shcked when I learnt she hadn’t cked nce in all that time.
考查方向
解題思路
針對訓練
現在分詞作賓補
表示主動和正在進行用ding。常跟ding作賓補的動詞有感官動詞feel，hear，listen t，see，lk at，watch，ntice，bserve；使役動詞get，have；其他動詞catch，find，keep，leave等。
1.(2020·全國Ⅲ)And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds surrunding(surrund) the muntain tps，he was reduced t tears.
過去分詞作賓補
表示被動和完成用dne。常跟dne作賓補的動詞有感官動詞feel，hear，listen t，see，lk at，watch，ntice，bserve；使役動詞get，have，make；其他動詞find，keep，leave等。
2.(2022·四川綿陽診斷)Mst f these individuals are senir citizens in search f new friends and activities t keep themselves ccupied(ccupy).
不定式作賓補
1.常跟不定式作賓補的動詞有：advise，allw，appint，cause，challenge，rder，cmmand，permit，encurage，expect，drive，enable，frbid，frce，inspire，instruct，invite，persuade，warn等。
2.常跟不帶t的不定式作賓補的動詞或短語有感官動詞feel，hear，listen t，see，lk at，watch，ntice，bserve；使役動詞let，have，make等。但在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時需要加上t。
3.(2020·浙江1月)Smething significant is happening t the wrld ppulatin—it is aging.The median(中間的) age f an American in 1950 was 30—tday it is 41 and is expected t increase(increase) t 42 by 2050.
4.My wallet was seen t drp(drp) by a girl when she passed by.
with復合結構中的賓語補足語
在with復合結構中也可以用非謂語動詞作賓語補足語，常見的結構如下：
with＋賓語＋eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(ding(表示主動、進行),dne(表示被動、完成),t d(表示未做)))
5.(2022·福建泉州質檢)With the new snw seasn beginning(begin) in China，enthusiastic skiers and snwbarders have been eager t get back n the slpes.
6.He sat in my rm fr a few minutes with his eyes fixed(fix) n the pster n the wall.
7.With s many peple t help(help) us，we are cnfident that we can finish the task n time.
考查方向
解題思路
針對訓練
動詞-ing形式作定語
1.動詞-ing形式作定語表示主動、正在進行。
2.若表示被動且正在發(fā)生的動作用being dne 結構。
3.表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞-ing形式的形容詞，意為“令人……的”。
1.(2022·河南洛陽期末)On the flight heading(head) hme，Meng expressed her thanks t the cuntry.
2.The tall building being built(build) nw is ur new schl.
動詞-ed形式作定語
1.動詞-ed形式作定語表示被動、完成。
2.動詞-ed形式的形容詞，意為“(人)感到……的”，也可修飾體現內心感受的名詞，如：lk，expressin，face，vice等。
3.(2022·全國甲)Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin held(hld) in Beijing，Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute(致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad.
不定式
作定語
1.由序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞(代詞)后常用不定式作定語。
2.由the nly，the just，the next等修飾的名詞(代詞)后常用不定式作定語。
3.以下名詞ability，attempt，chance，desire，eagerness，ptential，way，right，time，wish，decisin等和代詞smething，anything，nthing等后常用不定式作定語。
4.若表示被動且將要發(fā)生的動作用t be dne 結構。
4.(2022·全國甲)A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days t Xi’an，as a first step t jurney(jurney) the Belt and Rad rute(路線) by ft.
5.Nbdy expected a shrtage f stuffed pandas when China wn the rights t hst(hst) the 2022 Winter Olympics.
6.We are having a meeting in half an hur.The decisin t be made(make) at the meeting will influence the future f ur cmpany.
考查方向
解題思路
針對訓練
動詞-ing形式作狀語
1.句子的主語是分詞動作的邏輯主語，而且與該動詞為主動關系。
2.表示自然而然的意料之中的結果用-ing形式作狀語。
3.如果分詞的動作早于謂語動詞發(fā)生，則該分詞要用having dne形式。
1.(2022·全國乙)T strengthen the cnnectin with yung peple，the event included a number f public prmtinal activities n scial media，inviting(invite) twenty-nine tea prfessinals frm arund the wrld t have thirty-six hurs f uninterrupted live bradcasts.
2.Having lst(lse) all my ld friends，I felt lnely and shy at my new schl.
動詞-ed形式作狀語
句子的主語是分詞動作的邏輯主語，而且與該動詞為被動關系。
3.Attracted(attract) by the beauty f nature，he decided t spend anther tw days in the village.
不定式作狀語
1.不定式可以用作目的狀語。
2.nly t d sth.為不定式作結果狀語，表示出乎意料的結果。
3.形容詞作表語時，后接不定式作狀語表原因。
4.“主語＋系動詞＋表語(形容詞)＋t d”句式中，不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。
4.He gt up early and hurried t the bus statin，nly t find(find) the early train had gne.
5.(2019·全國Ⅰ)Mdern methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s，and are expensive t perfrm (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
獨立主格作狀語
若句子的主語不是非謂語動詞的邏輯主語，且在該詞前有自己的主語，就構成了獨立主格結構，常見的形式有：n./prn.＋eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(ding(表示主動、進行),dne(表示被動、完成),t d(表示未做)))
6.Weather permitting(permit)，we are ging t have a picnic.
7.The president sht(sht) t death，the whle cuntry was in deep srrw.
獨立成分作狀語
有的非謂語動詞作狀語不需要判斷與邏輯主語的關系，為獨立成分作狀語，常見的形式有：generally speaking一般來說
judging by/frm...根據……來判斷
cnsidering...考慮到……
t tell yu the truth說實話
given...考慮到……
cmpared with/t與……相比較
8.Judging(judge) frm what he said，he was nt satisfied with the result.
9.Given(give) yur health，yu’d better resign frm the cmpany and g t the seaside t relax yurself.
常見后綴
例詞
-ment
develpment，achievement，argument，mvement，amazement 等
-in/-atin
relatin，addictin，intentin，determinatin，transprtatin，cmmunicatin等
-ing
meeting，greeting，drawing，painting，parking，writing 等
-er/-r/-ar
waiter，travel(l)er，farmer，wrker，teacher，reprter，sailr，survivr，liar，beggar等
-ance/-ence
assistance，imprtance，perfrmance，existence，acceptance等
-al
survival，arrival，apprval，refusal，prpsal 等
語篇解讀本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了中國宇航員翟志剛、王亞平和葉光富在距地球400千米的太空進行的科學講座。
語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國菜的歷史、評價標準以及富有中國特色的飲食文化。
語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是一項研究發(fā)現——大流行病使人的預期壽命下降。

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