高考英語二輪復習語法填空專項講練 第二講     有提示詞填空---提示詞為動詞 ◎提示詞為動詞解題方法---“一定三思”法◎提示詞動詞作謂語動詞解題方法1.分析句子結構，找出句中是否缺少謂語動詞，如果缺少謂語，則應填謂語動詞（注意高考常在從句中考察謂語動詞）；2.根據(jù)時間標志詞、并列謂語、上下文語境或固定句式確定用哪種時態(tài)；3.根據(jù)主語和謂語之間的主被動關系確定是否用被動語態(tài)；4.根據(jù)主語確定謂語動詞的數(shù)，即要符合主謂一致原則。例 1：(2021年全國新高考1卷·61) You can’t help wondering how hard it __________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 例 2：(2021年全國甲卷·61) The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It__________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修復). 例 3：(2021年浙江卷) It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois,  ___________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.  微技能1：確定謂語動詞時態(tài)的四種方法方法 1：慧眼識別時間標志詞1. (2020年全國Ⅰ卷·61)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探測器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess— ________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.2. (2019年全國Ⅰ卷·65) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut _________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.3. (2019年全國Ⅱ卷·66) Irene said,  “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___________(make) over the years.4. (2020年 浙江高考)By about 6000 BC, people ___________(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise．Later, they learned to work with the seasons... 鏈接：重要時間標志詞速記1.一般現(xiàn)在時( do/does; am/is/are):every day、always、often、seldom、sometimes、usually等。2.一般過去時(did; was/were):yesterday、last night、a few days ago、the other day (前幾天)、one rainy day、in 2021、once (曾經(jīng))等。3.現(xiàn)在完成時(have/has done; have/has been): already、lately、recently, for+一段時間、since+過去的時間點、so far/up to now/till now(到目前為止), ever since、in/over/during the last/past/recent+一段時間等。4.一般將來時(will; will be):tomorrow、next year、in a week一周后、in the future、soon等。5.現(xiàn)在進行時(am/is/are doing): at present、now、at this moment等。6.過去完成時(had done; had been):two days before, by/by the end of+過去時間點。 方法 2：瞻前顧后找并列1. (2020年全國Ⅲ卷·66) When  he  asked the villagers  on the banks of the river where  he could find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled and _________ (point) down the river. 2. (2019年全國Ⅰ卷·70) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _____ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.3. (2020年江蘇卷改變) There, he not only did well as a student but also _________ (become) an accomplished public speaker.小結：常用并列連詞速記：and,but,or, neither...nor...,not only...but aslo...等，同一個主語的兩個或兩個以上的謂語動詞時態(tài)一般要保持一致。 方法 3：常用句式記心間1. (2021·沈陽監(jiān)測）This was the first time I _________ (experience) sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one again.2.(天津卷）I _________ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.3. (2021·梧州一模）I say to him with a cheerful smile,“Go to exercise and you_________ (feel) better.”4. (2021·濟寧?？迹?/span>Therefore, it is high time that we_________(take) effective measures to improve th ecurrent situation. 鏈接：常用句式速記：1. sb was/were doing sth when sb did. . . 某人正在做某事這時突然...2. It is/has been +一段時間 since sb did... 自從某人做某事已經(jīng)...長時間3. This/It/That is/was the first/second. . .time that sb have/had done. . . 某人第...次做某事4.祈使句＋and/or+陳述句，陳述句用一般將來時5. It’s (high) time that...did/should do sth 是某人應做某事的時候了 方法 4：認真體會辯語境1. (2020·浙江高考）This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with 64　   　rise of science, changes began. New methods________ (mean) that fewer people worked in farming．2. (2021 江西重點高中聯(lián)考) As a result, as the number of qubis (量子位) ________(increase), the computing ability of quantum computers rises too.小結：如果分析句子結構，發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有時間標志詞和其它提示詞，應根據(jù)上下文語境判斷謂語動詞的時態(tài)。通常和上下文保持時態(tài)一致性。 微技能2：確定謂語動詞的語態(tài)1. (2020年全國Ⅲ卷·63)The artist was sure he would _____________ (choose), but when he presented  his  masterpiece to  the  emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed. 2. (2019年全國Ⅲ卷·69) When they were free from work, they invited us… They also shared with us… On the last day of our week-long stay,  we _____________ (invite) to  attend  a private concert on a beautiful farm…3. (自編題) The book which is based on a true story _________(sell)  so well that it_____________(sell) out since two days ago. 小結：1. 主語和謂語動詞是主動關系，用主動語態(tài)；若是被動關系則用被動語態(tài)。2. 被動語態(tài)基本形式：一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are done；一般過去式: was/were done現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has been done 含有情態(tài)動詞+be done主動表被動形式也要注意：The book sells well and is worth reading. The plants need/want/require watering(=to be watered). 微技能3：主謂一致三原則1. (2019·天津卷)Amy, as well as her brothers , ______(give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 2. (2021 湖南名校聯(lián)盟高三聯(lián)考) Chinese American shef, Ken Hom, who______(work) on British TV for over 30 years, says: “Chinese food in the 1980 in the UK was mainly sweet.”3. (自編題)Not only the children but also their father______(move) deeply by the moving story at that time.鏈接：主謂一致三原則：語法一致原則：主語后跟有with、together with、as well as、like、but、except、along with、rather than、including、in addition to 等時, 謂語動詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致即就遠原則。就近一致原則：由or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...等連接的并列主語, 謂語動詞的數(shù)常與最近的主語保持一致。意義一致原則：單數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞/to do 不定式/動名詞doing/不定代詞/主語從句作主語一般表單數(shù)概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；定語從句從句謂語動詞要和先行詞保持一致◎提示詞動詞作非謂語動詞解題方法若所給提示詞為動詞，分析句子結構，若句中已有謂語動詞，又不是作并列謂語動詞，考慮填非謂語動詞。例 1：(2021年全國新高考1卷·60) Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is always leaving us________(astonish).例 2： (2021年全國甲卷·63) It is possible _________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 微技能 1 巧解非謂語動詞作主語1. (2021 江西省第二次聯(lián)考)__________ (track) down more than 1 billion Chinese citizens is by no means easy.2.  (2019·全國卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ________ (get) there.小結：1. 句子缺少主語，找到句子的謂語動詞，確定用動名詞 doing 作主語還是不定式 to do 作主語。2. 牢記it為形式主語，動名詞doing 和 不定式 to do 作真正主語的句型：It’s+adj. for sb+to do sth. :It is beneficial for us to walk on a regular basis.It’s+adj.(表品質性格) of sb+to do sth. : It is generous of you to help the people in need.It is no use/good doing sth. :It is no use crying over the split milk. 覆水難收。It takes sb some time to do sth. :It took us almost an hour to get there.It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth. ：It is worthwhile spending/to spend time studying English. 微技能 2 巧解非謂語動詞作賓語1. (2021年全國甲卷·64)After ________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!2. (2021年全國乙卷·70)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (遠足) and accommodations aim ________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.3.(2018年全國Ⅲ卷·64) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.小結：1. 介詞后常跟doing 作賓與，構成介賓結構 。2. 牢記只跟doing作賓語的動詞和短語：喜歡考慮不避免(enjoy、consider、escape、avoid)；不禁放棄大冒險(cannot help、give up、risk)；感激承認很值得(appreciate、admit、be worth)；介意想象莫推延(mind、imagine、delay、put off)；允許完成是期望(allow、permit、finish、look forward to)；建議繼續(xù)勤操練(suggest、keep on、practise)；致力原諒要堅持(be devoted to、excuse、insist on)；注意成功不錯過(pay attention to、succeed in、miss)3. 牢記只跟to do作賓語的動詞：三個希望兩答應(hope、wish、expect、agree、promise)；兩個要求莫拒絕(demand、ask、refuse)；設法學會做決定(manage、learn、decide、determine)；不要假裝在選擇(pretend、choose、select)；打算提出一計劃(intend、offer、plan)；申請失敗負擔起(apply、fail、afford)；準備愿望又碰巧(prepare、desire、happen)跟doing和to do 作賓語意義不同：mean to do sth  打算作某事/mean doing sth意味著做某事; remember to do sth 記得要去做/remember doing sth 記得做過；try to do sth 盡力做某事/try doing sth嘗試做某事  微技能 3 巧解非謂語動詞作定語1. (2020年全國Ⅱ卷·63)They represent the earth __________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 2. (2019年全國Ⅱ卷·65) Picking  up  her “Lifetime  Achievement” award,  proud Irene declared she had no plans ______ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.3. (2019年全國Ⅱ卷·68) When we got a call _______ (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.4. (2015卷I·68) Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelers ___________ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 1. 現(xiàn)在分詞 doing 作后置定語修飾名詞表主動關系或正在進行；表心理狀態(tài)的現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞，意為令人...的；過去分詞 done 表被動關系或完成；表心理狀態(tài)的過去分詞形容詞，意為感到...的。2. 由 first、second、last等序數(shù)詞以及形容詞最高級修飾的名詞時常用不定式作定語；抽象名詞ability、chance、opportunity、plan、promise、attempt、desire等后常用不定式作后置定語。 微技能 4 巧解非謂語動詞作狀語1. (2020年全國Ⅰ卷·66) Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4  ________(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. 2.(2019年全國Ⅲ卷·70) On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm, _________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.4. (2018年全國Ⅱ卷·70) China’s  approach to protecting its environment while _______(feed) its  citizens  “offers  useful  lessons  for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.5. (2021年 江西重點中學聯(lián)考) _________(compare) with today’s best supercomputers, Jiuzhang can caculate 100,000 times faster.1. 現(xiàn)在分詞 doing作狀語, 句子的主語是分詞動作的發(fā)出者, 表伴隨、時間或條件、自然而然的結果等；when/while doing 當做某事時。2.過去分詞 done 作狀語, 句子的主語是分詞動作的承受者。3.不定式作狀語可以用作目的狀語; only to do sth作結果狀語, 表示出乎意料的結果; 形容詞或過去分詞作 后接不定式作原因狀語。常見詞有happy、lucky、anxious、proud、disappointed、surprised、delighted、foolish、pleased、fortunate等。微技能 5 巧解非謂語動詞作表語和賓語補足語1. (2021年全國乙卷·61) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become __________(educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions....2. (2014年全國2卷) There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and _________ (disappoint).3. (2020年全國Ⅲ卷·69)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 4. (2017全國Ⅰ卷·63) They are required  __________(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.小結：1. 非謂語動詞中能作表語的有現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、動名詞和不定式。表心理狀態(tài)的現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞作表語修飾物, 意為“令人……的”,而過去分詞形式作表語修飾人, 意為“感到……的” 。2. 常用不定式作賓語補足語: tell/order/allow/require/permit/enable/encourage/ask/invite sb to do sth等;現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語表示主動、進行:see/notice/watch catch/find/keep/have/hear sb doing sth等；過去分詞作賓語補足語表示被動、完成。常用過去分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有have/make/get/see/notice/watch/hear sb/sth done等。3. have的固定用法：have sb/sth doing 讓某人/某物一直做; have sth done 讓某事被做；have sb do sth 讓某人做某事 ◎提示詞動詞詞性轉化解題方法所給提示詞為動詞，既不作謂語動詞，又不作非謂語動詞，考慮詞性轉化,一般轉化為名詞或形容詞。例 1：(2021年浙江卷) In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their _________(marry) ceremony in 1842. 例 2：(2021高三聯(lián)考題) We can start the habit by writing summaries and remember to record something ___________ (impress) and meaningful.微技能：句子成分分析法巧解動詞詞性轉化1.(2020年全國Ⅱ卷·61) Chinese New Year is a  _____________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 2. (2019年全國Ⅰ卷·66) In recent years some  Inuit  people  in  Nunavut  have reported  increases  in  bear  sightings around human settlements, leading to a _______(believe) that populations are increasing.3. (2019年全國Ⅲ卷·66) When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let  us  know  of an  interesting ____________ (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.4. (自編題) There is no doubt that he is a _______ (rely) person.1. 動詞轉化為名詞：在句中作主語、賓語（2.3）或表語；2. 動詞轉化為形容詞：在句中作定語（4）、賓補或表語（1） ◎真題演練閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入 1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _______（prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修復）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it _______ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their _______（marry）ceremony in 1842. When the house was built, it was much_______（small）than it is today. Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home _______（paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of   _______ （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order. Although Mary loved flowers, _______ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over _______ (plant) flowers in the front yard.    _______ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _______ （sell）most of their furniture.      

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