高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題（5）（含解析）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

?高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題（5）
1.??? Four people in England, back in 1953, stared at Photo 51. It wasn't much—a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed—the shape of DNA. The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.
??? Her name was Rosalind Franklin. "She should have been up there," says historian Mary Bowden. "If her photos hadn't been there, the others couldn't have come up with the structure." One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision.
??? At the University of Cambridge in the 1950s, Watson and Crick tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA's parts and then putting them together. Meanwhile, at King's College London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule. The rays produced patterns reflecting the shape.
??? But the relationship between Wilkins and Franklin was a lot rockier. Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant. But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.
??? What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return. "Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to go or be put in her place."
??? "As Franklin's competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers," says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize award ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin. Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that "Franklin was only two steps away from the solution."
??? No, Franklin was the solution. "She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA. She must be considered a co-discoverer," Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the "Dark Lady of DNA", Franklin is finally coming into the light.
1.Why did Watson get angry with Franklin?
A.Franklin kept her results from him. B.Franklin took the lead in the competition.
C.Franklin proved some of his findings wrong. D.Franklin shared her data with other scientists.
2.Why is Franklin described as "Dark Lady of DNA"?
A.She developed pictures in dark labs.
B.Her name was forgotten after her death.
C.She discovered the black X—the shape of DNA.
D.Her contribution was unknown to the public.
3.What is the writer's attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?
A.Respectful. B.Disapproving. C.Admiring. D.Indifferent.
4.Which can be the most suitable title for the passage?
A.Much Pain, No Gain B.Be Nice, Never Finish Last
C.When One Door Closes, Another Opens D.Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way
2.??? While many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that we've "summered." "Summer" is clearly a noun, more precisely, a verbing noun.
??? Way back in our childhood, we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb. With such a tidy definition, it was easy to spot the difference. It's not so in adulthood, where we are expected to "foot" bills, "chair" committees, and "dialog" with political opponents. Chances are you didn't feel uncomfortable about the sight of those verbing nouns.
??? "The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language," says Patricia O'Conner, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.
??? Even though conversion(轉(zhuǎn)化) is quite universal, plenty of grammarians object to the practice. William Strunk Jr. and E.B.White, in The Elements of Style—the Bible for the use of American English—have this to say: "Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are suspect." The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.
??? "Sometimes people object to a new verb because they resist what is unfamiliar to them," says O'Conner. That's why we're comfortable with "hosting" a party, but we might feel upset by the thought of "medaling" in sports. So are there any rules for verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesn't offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about "verbifying" a noun if it's easily replaceable by an already existing popular verb. Make sure it's descriptive but not silly-sounding, he says.
??? In the end, however, style is subjective. Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English "English." Not every coinage(新創(chuàng)詞語) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.
1.What can we learn about the verbing of nouns?
A.It hasn't recently been opposed by many grammarians.
B.It is more commonly accepted by children than adults.
C.It hasn't been a rare phenomenon in the past century.
D.It is easily replaced by existing verbs in practice.
2.What is most leading experts' attitude toward the practice of the verbing of nouns?
A.Cautious. B.Satisfied. C.Disappointed. D.Unconcerned.
3.What does the author think of ending the verbing of nouns?
A.Predictable. B.Practicable. C.Approaching. D.Impossible.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Are 40 Percent of All New Verbs From Nouns?
B.Are "Summering" and "Medaling" Annoying?
C.Are You Comfortable About a New Verb?
D.Are There Any Rules for Verbing?
3.??? A test that measures blood flow changes in the brain shows people with high blood pressure are more likely to experience poorer communication between brain regions than those with normal blood pressure, according to a small study published in the American Heart Association journal Hypertension.
??? "This study may help to explain why hypertension is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease," said the study's lead author, Lorenzo Carnevale.
??? Researchers compared images of the brains of 19 people with high blood pressure and 18 people with blood pressure in the normal range. The images were resting-state functional MRIs, which measure small changes in blood flow at rest. Researchers also gave participants cognitive tests. Compared to people with normal blood pressure, those with hypertension performed more slowly and poorly on the cognitive tests, and their brain images showed a pattern of abnormal connections.
??? Dr. Kristine Yaffe, a professor of psychiatry and neurology at the University of California, noted the brain changes appeared prior to any structural change in the brain associated with poorer cognitive skills.
??? "It could be that the changes are there, and we just don't see them yet," Yaffe said. "Or maybe the functional connections are altered earlier in the process. The really amazing thing to me is that they are seeing these changes at such a young age." The average age of participants with high blood pressure was 55.
??? Yaffe, however, pointed out a larger study over a longer period of time is needed to flesh out these findings. "We need to see if cognitive function gets worse, who is most likely to experience this and what it means in terms of when brain changes appear. We can't answer those questions with such a small study."
??? "The study should not be interpreted to mean everyone with high blood pressure is on the road to Alzheimer's disease," she added. "The brain is really complicated. There are some subtle changes in connections shown here, but that doesn't mean the brain isn't working. There may be other ways the brain is compensating(彌補(bǔ)) for this."
1.What will people with hypertension suffer?
A.Less communication. B.A decline in memory.
C.Inactive brain activities. D.Poor connections in the brain.
2.What is Dr.Kristine Yaffe's attitude toward the study?
A.Skeptical. B.Objective. C.Disapproving. D.Indifferent.
3.What do the underlined words "flesh out" mean in Paragraph 6?
A.Enrich. B.Deny. C.Describe. D.Challenge.
4.What can we infer about high blood pressure?
A.Brains may make up for its effects. B.It makes brains more complicated.
C.It must lead to Alzheimer's disease. D.Its effects on brains are still unknown.
4.??? It's no secret that inhaling smoke is bad for your lungs. But now, scientists are suggesting smoke may also carry and spread infectious disease. The theory, published in Science Magazine, is based on research that found wildfire smoke is teeming with thousands of species of microorganisms. Some of these microorganisms, including bacteria and fungal spores(真菌孢子), are known to cause disease.
??? The new research suggests that when a wildfire burns plant or animal matter and disturbs soils, it exposes thousands of species of bacteria and fungi(真菌) that otherwise might not easily become airborne. You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study cited in the article found that some bacteria even multiply post-fire. Scientists say the organisms latch on to smoke particulates, allowing them to travel thousands of miles across continents.
??? Dr. Peter Chen, director of the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, is "intrigued" by the theory but somewhat skeptical that the microorganisms in smoke would actually cause infections. Many bacteria and fungi don't cause lung infections, says Chen, but it's certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a pre-existing lung condition. "I always thought it was the particulates in smoke that were causing these issues," says Chen. "But when I read this, I started thinking: Could it be the microorganisms that are also worsening existing illness?"
??? Whether the microbes in smoke actually cause infections or simply worsen potential respiratory issues, the article raises a new health threat that is "certainly alarming", says Kelsey Jack, an associate professor of environmental and development economics. This is especially true for lower-income populations, Jack says, because people with fewer means are often more exposed to the environment. If smoke is affecting the air quality in a certain area, the people who work outside, or who have to go to the office on foot or by bike, will inhale more smoke than those who drive.
??? But until more research is done, Chen says the best thing people can do is just follow existing recommendations when air quality is poor—including staying indoors, keeping windows and doors closed, using HEPA filters(過濾器) and running air conditioning.
1.What can we know about the microorganisms from Paragraph 2?
A.They could be killed by high heat.
B.They could possibly travel through air by themselves.
C.They could reproduce in large numbers after fires.
D.They can easily attach themselves to smoke particulates.
2.How do most microorganisms affect people according to Dr. Peter Chen?
A.They will cause lung infections. B.They might worsen lung disease.
C.They will destroy living environments. D.They might damage respiratory system.
3.Why are low-income people suffering more than others?
A.They live in poor areas. B.They drive to and from work.
C.They have suffered from lung disease. D.They are exposed to polluted air more frequently.
4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A.Results of the new research.
B.Disagreements between the author and Chen.
C.Suggestions on dealing with poor air quality.
D.Benefits of preventing smoke from polluting the air.
5.Songkran
??? Duration: from April 12 to 15 in Phuket (The dates vary depending on the regions).
??? Location: Songkran is the Thai New Year. The entire country gets a lot of days off, and most Thai people will be going back home to celebrate Songkran with their families. Just expect a lot of traffic jams on the road as everyone is out on pick-up trucks, throwing water at each other.
??? Details: Starting in the early morning on April 13th, the water ceremony will take many forms. Initially, you are only supposed to sprinkle(灑) your family with a tiny cup of water at home. It's good luck. Then you sprinkle a statue of Buddha very respectfully and say a little prayer.
??? Later in the morning, the game starts to change. Because this is the hottest time of the year, sprinkling each other with water is a lot of fun. Add a little beer to that and Songkran turns into a country-wide water war.
??? It starts rather gently in Phuket Town around 10 a.m., turning to water dogfights(混戰(zhàn)) in the afternoon in Patong, Kata and Karon, and ends in the full-scale wet war zone in Bangla Road until late at night.
??? Survival Tips:
??? Don't drive a bike if you can avoid it. It's slippery and the tendency to close eyes when water is thrown at you is dangerous.
??? Get a waterproof camera.
??? Be aware of major traffic jams in towns, mostly in Patong Beach.
??? Don't carry anything that doesn't resist water.
??? Don't wear expensive clothing.
??? Be aware of the sun!
??? Have fun! Don't take it too seriously. It's good.
1.Why do traffic jams happen during Songkran?
A.The road is slippery. B.The entire country gets a lot of days off.
C.The people are throwing water at each other. D.Everyone is sprinkling his family on the road.
2.What's the first step to celebrate Songkran?
A.Saying a little prayer. B.Sprinkling a statue of Buddha.
C.Sprinkling the family with a little water. D.Sprinkling each other with much beer.
3.Which of the following is recommended during Songkran?
A.Carrying an umbrella. B.Wearing cheap clothes.
C.Bringing some cash. D.Riding a bicycle.
6.??? Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible. The magician is a specially trained actor. They try to make the audience believe that they have the power to do things which are against the laws of nature.
??? Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover how the tricks are done. The magician usually depends on their skill with their hands, on their knowledge of psychology, and, sometimes, on mechanical devices(機(jī)械裝置). Since magic performance is meant to trick people, the use of psychology is important. The magician must keep people from noticing all the movements of their hands and from thinking about the secret parts of their equipment. They must also lead the audience to draw false conclusions. The magician's success depends on the fact that many things seen by the eye are not the things that matter.
??? Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear. A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects. For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change color. What actually happens is that the magician, employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball. While doing this they talk to the audience and wave a brightly colored cloth with one hand. The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magician's words to notice that their other hand is hiding the ball.
??? Another favorite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again. What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else. Then they "magically" make it appear whole again by displaying another object that has not been cut or burned.
1.What is the author's main purpose in writing the text?
A.To promote a magic show. B.To teach people to be magicians.
C.To explain the art of magic. D.To praise the talents of magicians.
2.Which of the following is important for a successful magic trick?
A.Moving stage equipment. B.Directing the audience's attention.
C.Applying high technology. D.Keeping the performance in secret.
3.What does the author focus on in the last two paragraphs?
A.Providing examples. B.Making a summary.
C.Drawing comparisons. D.Explaining a concept.
4.What can we infer from the text?
A.Mechanical devices are expensive. B.Most magicians employ assistants.
C.It takes practice to perform magic. D.Small objects are magicians' favorites.
7.??? Maybe you're depressed because you don't sleep well. Or you feel stuck when you read an e-mail with some bad news that prevents your enthusiastic imagination. Whatever the case may be, you tell yourself working now is in vain, because you couldn't possibly come up with anything inventive in this mood.
??? Several studies in psychology have shown that negative emotions narrow our vision and limit our thinking. However, positive emotions can improve creativity because they broaden our way of thinking by encouraging us to try new things or look at situations differently.
??? Creativity is the ability to produce and carry out both new and useful ideas. Creativity can result from a person's own creative ideas and observations, or it can appear as a response to a direct assignment or problem as well.
??? Both positive and negative moods can lead to two different kinds of creativity that benefit different tasks. Research shows that the key factor influencing our creativity is not our mood itself, but the strength of our feelings and the motivation behind our work. For example, anger or anxiety can help us to focus our attention on producing effective results. Great excitement or joy, on the other hand, can encourage an instant at which the solution to a problem becomes clear all of a sudden. In fact, one study even finds that while we're 20 percent more likely to have creative abilities to understand mixed situations when we're feeling good, people in a negative mood perform better when the quality of solutions—not quantity—matters most.
??? But of course, we are rarely entirely happy or entirely sad. More often, we experience mixed emotions. In psychology, these strong emotions, whether they are positive or negative, lead to greater creative actions.
??? It comes as no surprise then that highly creative people tend to be very familiar with their emotions. They report experiencing very strong emotions more frequently than less creative people and are more willing to experience those emotions.
1.What is the author's purpose in writing the first paragraph?
A.To expect us to be creative. B.To show the importance of creativity.
C.To tell us negative emotions exist everywhere. D.To clarify how moods influence your creativity.
2.What is the attitude of the author toward negative emotions?
A.Supportive. B.Critical. C.Doubtful. D.Objective.
3.What can be learned from the passage?
A.We should always try to keep ourselves in good mood.
B.People feel either very happy or very sad most of the time.
C.Strong emotions play an important role in creativity.
D.Creativity only results from creative ideas and observations.
4.According to the passage, what should you do to get more creative?
A.Avoid negative moods totally. B.Face up to inner feelings positively.
C.Try out new things cautiously. D.Understand mixed situations clearly.
8.??? Over 400 human footprints preserved in volcanic sediment(沉淀物) provide a sign of social life among ancient hunter-gatherers. The impressions, found in northern Tanzania, add up to Africa's largest collection of ancient human footprints, say evolutionary biologist Kevin Hatala of Chatham University in Pittsburgh and his colleagues. People walked across a muddy layer of volcanic ashes dating back to between 19,100 and 5,760 years ago, the researchers reported on May 14 in Scientific Reports. Dating of a thin rock layer that partly overlaps(重疊) the sediment narrows the footprints' age to about 12,000 to 10,000 years ago.
??? Hatala's team analyzed footprint sizes, distances between prints and which way prints pointed. One collection of tracks was made by 17 people walking southwest. Comparisons with modern prints suggest that this group consisted of fourteen women, two men and one young boy. The women may have been searching for foods while a few males visited or accompanied them, the researchers infer. Some present-day hunter-gatherers form lately female food-gathering groups.
??? The study is "a nice piece of work", although it's hard to specify what people were doing, says geologist Matthew Bennett of Bournemouth University in Poole, England.
??? Many more sets of footprint tracks would be needed to argue convincingly that hunter-gatherers at that time had female food-gathering groups, Bennett says. And it would still be unknown if the women were gathering plants or hunting prey. Other footprint sites present especially promising opportunities for studying ancient behavior, he says. He is involved in work in New Mexico that has uncovered tens of thousands of footprints of humans and other creatures from more than 10,000 years ago. Early results suggest that humans there hunted giant sloths(樹懶). Bennett expects those prints will yield more insights into Stone Age hunting.
1.What does the underlined word "impressions" in the first paragraph mean?
A.Thoughts about people or things. B.Collections of volcanic ashes.
C.Marks left by creatures or something. D.Behaviors of imitating someone.
2.What do the newly-discovered footprints suggest?
A.Ancient hunters were socially organized.
B.Ancient male hunters were admired by females.
C.Female food-gathering groups were obviously formed.
D.Males played a more important role in finding food than females.
3.What can we learn according to the last paragraph?
A.The females gathered plants or hunted prey in the Stone Age.
B.The footprint tracks have proved female food-gathering groups existed.
C.The footprint sites provide a good chance to further study ancient behavior.
D.The footprints will hardly influence our understanding of Stone Age hunting
4.What's the best title for the text?
A.How Ancient Hunters Gathered Food B.What Ancient Human Footprints Were Like
C.What Ancient Human Footprints Tell Us D.How Ancient Food-Gathering Groups Cooperated
9.??? It used to be mostly the military that used small, unpiloted aircraft, called "drones". The little planes were very costly. But as they have dropped in price more people have begun to use them. Rescue workers and farmers are among the new users.
??? The fast rate of the development of computer technology, image sensing devices, satellite navigation and smartphones has led to lower-priced drones. Researchers and developers have learned how to build smaller and less costly drones. Moviemakers are using drones to film from the sky. Historians use them when they explore ancient buildings. Rescue workers use them to look for people. And now farmers are using them to watch over their crops.
??? Romain Faroux is a French businessman who starts companies. His father was a farmer. He believed drones could help farmers. He helped create a company that developed a small drone that could be controlled by people on the ground. They called it "Agridrone". It uses a special "optical sensor" to examine crops. The technology used is similar to that used by smartphones—except it has wings. A computer program directs the drone to fly over the crops. The sensor on the drone records four different-colored "bands" of sunlight that are reflected off the crops.
??? Jean-Baptiste Bruggeman is a farmer. He says the drone flies over his crops at different times of the season. He says this provides a lot of information about his crops. The drone pictures show him the exact amount of fertilizer the crops need. It also shows exactly where the fertilizer is needed.
??? Romain Faroux says farmers use information collected by the Agridrone to place fertilizer only in areas where it is needed. This saves money and reduces pollution. Before they used the drones, farmers would put the same amount of fertilizer everywhere. Drones also save time because farmers can examine up to three hectares in about a minute.
1.Why do rescue workers and farmers begin to use drones?
A.Drones can monitor their cattle. B.Drones' prices have dropped.
C.Drones can help them get more business. D.Drones' sizes become smaller.
2.What can the drones developed by Romain Faroux's company do?
A.Explore ancient buildings. B.Put fertilizer on the crops.
C.Help farmers examine their crops. D.Help rescue workers look for people.
3.What can the sensor on the drone do?
A.Help the sunlight shine the crops. B.Direct the plane to fly over the crops.
C.Examine the different colors of the sunlight. D.Record the sunlight reflected off the crops.
4.How does the author think of the use of the drone according to the text?
A.Environmentally friendly B.Wasteful.
C.Costly. D.Safe.
10.??? Experts agree that parents who give up control over their children's lives would raise them to be more independent adults. While the vast majority of parents are not in the position to bribe their children into elite(精英) schools, this extreme case illustrates the temptation many feel to take control of their kids' lives. But an extreme hands-on approach can have devastating consequences when it comes to a child's mental health.
??? "These parents thought their kids were incapable of managing their lives by themselves. And I don't think there's any worse message you can give somebody than 'I don't have any confidence in your ability to handle your own life,' " the clinical neuropsychologist William Stixrud told HuffPost. Stixrud is the author of The Self-driven Child: The Science and Sense of Giving Your Kids More Control over Their Lives, along with Ned Johnson.
??? In their research, Stixrud and Johnson have identified the importance for young people to feel a sense of control over their own lives. "We have this epidemic of stress-related problems like anxiety and depression, and so many of those are related to the fact that kids feel so little control over their lives," said Stixrud. "They feel like, 'Here's a script to get into college, and that's what your life is going to be.' It's incredibly stressful and discouraging for many kids." In order to develop healthy self-motivation, young people need to feel a sense of agency and autonomy, which parents and educators have the power to promote.
??? "We suggest parents think of themselves as consultants, rather than a kid's manager or boss, or the homework police. It's a very different kind of thinking about your role", said Stixrud. "As a consultant, your role is not to force anything or say 'You need to be like this'. Instead, help your kid understand what he or she wants to be." He advises parents to encourage their kids to make their own decisions long before the college years. It's important to constantly ask, "Whose life is this?" and realize the answer is "My child's life, not mine."
1.What does the writer think of the extreme hands-on approach in parenting?
A.It's good for parents to control children better.
B.It can raise children to be independent ones.
C.It's harmful to children's mental health.
D.It can help children to be admitted into better schools.
2.What does the underlined word "bribe" in Paragraph 1 mean?
A.Persuade. B.Translate. C.Throw. D.Shock.
3.What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?
A.To summarize the previous paragraphs. B.To add some background information.
C.To provide some advice for parents. D.To introduce a new topic for discussion.
4.Which could be the best title for the text?
A.How to Be Your Children's Friend
B.Be Your Children's Consultant Instead of Manager
C.Accompany Your Children Growing Up
D.How to Help Your Children Adjust to College Life

答案以及解析
1.答案：1-4 CDBA
解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的What she did was produce X-ray pictures...one of their early models was inside out...That angered Watson可知, 沃森生氣是因?yàn)楦惶m克林的X光照片證明了沃森早期的一個(gè)模型是顛倒的, 即證明沃森的某個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)是錯(cuò)誤的, 故選C項(xiàng)。
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中歷史學(xué)家的話As Franklin's competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to...by cutting her out of the little group of researchers可知, 威爾金斯、沃森和克里克把富蘭克林排除在外, 由最后一段中的She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA...以及Once described as the "Dark Lady of DNA", Franklin is finally coming into the light.可知, 富蘭克林在解開DNA結(jié)構(gòu)的問題上貢獻(xiàn)最大, 但最后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。由此可推知, 她被稱為"Dark Lady of DNA", 是因?yàn)樗呢暙I(xiàn)不為公眾所知, 故選D項(xiàng)。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知, 作為富蘭克林的競爭對手, 威爾金斯、沃森和克里克通過把富蘭克林排除在研究小組之外而獲益頗多, 結(jié)合最后一段中的No, Franklin was the solution.及She must be considered a co-discoverer可推知, 作者認(rèn)為富蘭克林起到了關(guān)鍵作用, 肯定了她對研究的貢獻(xiàn), 而對其他三位科學(xué)家是不贊成的, 故選B項(xiàng)。
4.主旨大意題。本文第一段說明有三位科學(xué)家獲得了諾貝爾獎(jiǎng), 但研究團(tuán)隊(duì)中的第四個(gè)人卻被排除在外; 下文詳細(xì)說明了羅莎琳德?富蘭克林雖然對DNA的發(fā)現(xiàn)有重大貢獻(xiàn), 但卻始終不為人所知的故事, 由此可推知, A項(xiàng)(多勞無獲)為最佳標(biāo)題, 故選A項(xiàng)。
2.答案：1-4 CADB
解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.可知, 近半的新動詞來自名詞, 說明"名詞動用"在上個(gè)世紀(jì)并不是罕見的現(xiàn)象, 故選C項(xiàng)。
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的Not all are bad, but all are suspect.可知, 兩位專家建議在英語語言的實(shí)踐中應(yīng)持懷疑態(tài)度; The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.說明《芝加哥文體手冊》也建議小心謹(jǐn)慎地使用動詞, 由此可推知, 對于"名詞動用"的用法, 大多數(shù)專家持謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度, 故選A項(xiàng)。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Not every coinage passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.可知, 作者認(rèn)為想要停止"名詞動用"用法的使用是不可能的, 故選D項(xiàng)。
4.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知, 文章描述了存在已久的一種語言現(xiàn)象—"名詞動用", 并討論了人們對它的態(tài)度, 大多數(shù)專家對英語語言中"名詞動用"的實(shí)踐持有謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度, 也有人因抗拒自己不熟悉的東西而反對新動詞。B項(xiàng)引用文章中的兩個(gè)"名詞動用"的詞summer和medal來對其用法進(jìn)行概括并展示對它的態(tài)度, 因此B項(xiàng)"Summering和Medaling很討厭嗎?"為最佳標(biāo)題, 故選B項(xiàng)。
3.答案：1-4 DBAA
解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的people with high blood I pressure are more likely to experience poorer communication between brain regions than those with normal blood pressure可知, 高血壓患者大腦區(qū)域之間的交流可能會更少, 也就是說大腦區(qū)域間的關(guān)聯(lián)會比較弱, 故選D項(xiàng)。
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的Yaffe, however, pointed out a larger study over a longer period of time is needed to flesh out these findings.以及下文的We can't answer those questions with such a small study. 可知亞夫博士肯定了這項(xiàng)研究的意義, 并指出其局限性, 即還需要進(jìn)行更大規(guī)模、更長時(shí)間的研究, 由此可推知, 亞夫博士對這實(shí)驗(yàn)持客觀態(tài)度, 故選B項(xiàng)。
3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線處下文的We can't answer those questions with such a small study.可知本次研究規(guī)模和成果較小, 需要更大規(guī)模、更長時(shí)間的實(shí)驗(yàn)來豐富實(shí)驗(yàn)成果, 故可推知畫線短語意為"豐富", 故選A項(xiàng)。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知, 并非每個(gè)高血壓患者都有患阿爾茨海默病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn), 大腦可能有其他的補(bǔ)償方法, 由此可推知, 大腦也許會以某種方式來抵消高血壓對大腦產(chǎn)生的不利影響, A項(xiàng)中短語make up for意為"彌補(bǔ)", 故選A項(xiàng)。
4.答案：1-4 CBDC
解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句You might think the high heat from fire...even multiply post-fire.可知, 一些微生物在大火之后可能會大量繁殖, 故選C項(xiàng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干中的Dr. Peter Chen可定位至第三段, 由該段中的...but it's certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a pre-existing lung condition.可知, 彼得認(rèn)為大量的細(xì)菌和真菌等微生物可能會讓病人的肺部感染惡化, 故選B項(xiàng)。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的This is especially true for lower-income populations...are often more exposed to the environment.可知, 低收入人群比別人遭受更多是因?yàn)樗麄兏l繁地暴露在污染的空氣中; 固定搭配be exposed to意為"暴露在......", 故選D項(xiàng)。
4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段彼得的建議可知, 在空氣質(zhì)量差的時(shí)候, 人們應(yīng)該待在室內(nèi), 關(guān)閉門窗, 使用高效微粒空氣過濾器和空調(diào)等, 由此可推知, 最后一段討論了關(guān)于應(yīng)對較差的空氣質(zhì)量的建議, 故選C項(xiàng)。
5.答案：1-3 CCB
解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Just expect a lot of traffic jams on the road as everyone is out on pick-up trucks, throwing water at each other.可知, 在潑水節(jié)期間道路發(fā)生交通堵塞是因?yàn)槿藗冊谙嗷娝? 故選C項(xiàng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Initially, you are only supposed to sprinkle your family with a tiny cup of water at home.可知, 慶祝潑水節(jié)的第一步是給家人灑點(diǎn)水。題干中的the first step與原文中的Initially為同義表達(dá), 故選C項(xiàng)。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Survival Tips中的Don't wear expensive clothing.可知, 在潑水節(jié)期間, 推薦穿便宜的衣服, 故選B項(xiàng)。
6.答案：1-4 CDAC
解析：1. 推理判斷題。第一段中的Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible.對魔術(shù)表演下定義, 第三段的第一句Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to...以及最后一段第一句Another favorite trick is to...說明這兩段在講述魔術(shù)的技巧, 由此可推知, 寫作目的是解釋魔術(shù)的藝術(shù), 故選C項(xiàng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover how the tricks are done.及The magician must keep people from noticing...equipment.可知, 魔術(shù)師要讓觀眾注意不到他們的手部動作, 同時(shí)讓觀眾想不到魔術(shù)設(shè)備的秘密之處, 即具有保密性對于魔術(shù)的成功很重要; D項(xiàng)中固定搭配keep sth. in secret意為"使......保密", 故選D項(xiàng)。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段首句可知該段闡述的是兩個(gè)魔術(shù)技巧, 兩者相結(jié)合以取得效果, 又根據(jù)下文的For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups...及最后兩段出現(xiàn)的What actually happens is that...可知, 作者用兩個(gè)具體例子來論證說明以上論點(diǎn), 故選A項(xiàng)。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的The magician is a specially trained actor.可知, 表演魔術(shù)需要練習(xí), 其他選項(xiàng)在原文中未體現(xiàn), 故選C項(xiàng)。
7.答案：1-4 DDCB
解析： 1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的some bad news that prevents your enthusiastic imagination可知, 壞消息阻礙想象力, 結(jié)合...you couldn't possibly come up with anything inventive in this mood.可知, 在壞情緒影響下, 很難想出任何有創(chuàng)意的東西。由此可推知, 第一段的寫作目的是闡明情緒是如何影響你的創(chuàng)造力的, 故選D項(xiàng)。
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的Both positive and negative moods can lead to two different kinds of creativity that benefit different tasks.及Research shows that the key factor influencing our creativity is not our mood itself...our work.可知, 作者認(rèn)為積極和消極的情緒能產(chǎn)生不同的創(chuàng)造力, 并陳述研究結(jié)論說明影響創(chuàng)造力的關(guān)鍵不在于情緒本身, 由此可推知, 作者對消極情緒的態(tài)度是客觀的, 故選D項(xiàng)。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的They report experiencing very strong emotions more frequently than less creative people...可知, They指代highly creative people, 也就是說, 具有高度創(chuàng)造性的人比缺乏創(chuàng)造力的人更頻繁地經(jīng)歷強(qiáng)烈的情緒, 由此可知, 強(qiáng)烈的情緒在創(chuàng)造性中發(fā)揮重要作用, 故選C項(xiàng)。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段關(guān)鍵句...but the strength of our feelings and the motivation behind our work.以及最后一段內(nèi)容可知, 高度創(chuàng)造性的人有強(qiáng)烈的情緒并且更愿意體驗(yàn)這些情緒, 他們的態(tài)度是積極的, 由此可推知, 不管處于什么情緒, 只要我們能積極面對內(nèi)心的感受, 就可以變得更有創(chuàng)造力, 故選B項(xiàng)。
8.答案：1-4 CACC
解析： 1.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的Over 400 human footprints preserved in volcanic sediment provide a sign of social life among ancient hunter-gatherers.可知, 火山沉積物中保存的400多個(gè)人類腳印是古代狩獵采集者的社會生活的標(biāo)志, 并結(jié)合畫線詞所在句可知, 在坦桑尼亞北部發(fā)現(xiàn)的某些東西, 豐富了非洲最大的古代人類腳印收藏。由此可推知, 畫線詞impressions指人類或其他生物留下的腳印等痕跡, 故選C項(xiàng)。
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的The women may have been searching for foods while a few males visited or accompanied them, the researchers infer.可知, 這些女性尋找食物時(shí)會有男性陪伴, 由此可推知, 古代人外出狩獵應(yīng)該是經(jīng)過一定計(jì)劃和組織的, 故選A項(xiàng)。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Other footprint sites present especially promising opportunities for studying ancient behavior, he says.可知, 這些足跡遺址為進(jìn)一步研究古代人類行為提供了一個(gè)很好的機(jī)會, 故選C項(xiàng)。
4.主旨大意題。本文介紹了一個(gè)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對坦桑尼亞北部發(fā)現(xiàn)的足跡中隱藏的人類社會行為的分析研究成果, 這些足跡將有助于研究古代人類社會行為以及石器時(shí)代的捕獵行為。由此可推知, C項(xiàng)"古代人類的腳印告訴我們什么"為最佳標(biāo)題, 故選C項(xiàng)。
9.答案：1-4 BCDA
解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的But as they have dropped in price more people have begun to use them. Rescue workers and farmers are among the new users.可知, 救援人員和農(nóng)民開始使用無人機(jī)是因?yàn)闊o人機(jī)的價(jià)格下降了, 故選B項(xiàng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干中的Romain Faroux定位至第三段, 由該段的...a small drone that could be controlled by people on the ground. They called it "Agridrone". It uses a special "optical sensor" to examine crops.可知, 羅曼?法魯?shù)墓狙邪l(fā)的無人機(jī)利用"光學(xué)傳感器"幫助農(nóng)民檢測莊稼, 故選C項(xiàng)。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的The sensor on the drone records four different-colored "bands" of sunlight that are reflected off the crops.可知, 無人機(jī)上的傳感器能記錄農(nóng)作物反射的陽光, 故選D項(xiàng)。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Romain Faroux says farmers use information...and reduces pollution.可知, 農(nóng)民利用農(nóng)業(yè)無人機(jī)收集的信息, 只在需要化肥的地方施肥, 這減少了污染, 很環(huán)保, 故選A項(xiàng)。
10.答案：1-4 CACB
解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句But an extreme hands-on approach can have devastating consequences when it comes to a child's mental health.可知, 這種極端的教育方式對兒童的心理健康有害, 故選C項(xiàng)。
2.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的this extreme case illustrates the temptation many feel to take control of their kids' lives可知, 許多人意欲控制自己孩子的生話, 畫線詞bribe與temptation語義一致, 在此處意為"誘惑; 誘哄", 即誘哄自己的孩子進(jìn)入精英學(xué)校, 故選A項(xiàng)。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的We suggest parents think of themselves as consultants...以及He advises parents to encourage their kids...可知, 作者是在給父母提供建議, 故選C項(xiàng)。
4.主旨大意題。通讀全文, 尤其根據(jù)最后一段的關(guān)鍵詞consultants, understand, encourage可知, 專家建議父母把自己當(dāng)作孩子的顧問, 理解并鼓勵(lì)孩子, 放棄對孩子生活的控制; B項(xiàng)"做孩子的顧問而非管理者"為最佳標(biāo)題, 故選B項(xiàng)。

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