?房山區(qū)2023年高三年級(jí)第二次模擬考試
英語(yǔ)
本試卷共10頁(yè)，100分。考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘。考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將答題卡交回，試卷自行保存。
第一部分 知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)
第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1. 5分，共15分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
Everyone can do something for their community in their own way, just like what Damian has done. Every weekend, ___1___ with a chair and some tools, Damian sets up a stand in the neighborhood.
The young man likes to offer free ___2___ to street vendors (攤販) in the community and share nice conversations with them. One day, Pacheco, the ice cream vendor, went to the stand. Damien was very excited at the sight of this old friend, who ___3___ him of so many sweet memories of the past. The ice cream bar brought him a lot of ___4___ when he was a child. Now Damian can still remember those wonderful moments.
When Damian was cutting Pacheco’s hair, he noticed that Pacheco was ___5___ this time. As they talked, Pacheco ___6___ his smile. In fact, he lost two teeth last month and was unwilling to smile ___7___ for fear of some of the comments his clients have made about his teeth. Pacheco had been living alone and had no intention of going to the ___8___ because he had never been there before.
Learning of Pacheco’s current situation, Damian was determined to do something for him. After that, he was busy ___9___ Pacheco to the dental appointments. For three months, Damian drove Pacheco to the dentist and made sure that Pacheco could receive his much - needed artificial teeth.
Now, Pacheco feels more ___10___ and doesn’t hesitate to give his new shining smile to the people in the community. They go on with their wonderful lives.
1. A. provided B. armed C. satisfied D. troubled
2. A. treatments B. workplaces C. haircuts D. setups
3. A. freed B. reminded C. convinced D. suspected
4. A. joy B. courage C. inspiration D. challenge
5. A. active B. lonely C. curious D. different
6. A. hid B. spread C. showed D. observed
7. A. quietly B. shyly C. warmly D. broadly
8. A. bar B. clinic C. community D. stand
9. A. ordering B. inviting C. accompanying D. limiting
10. A. patient B. generous C. independent D. confident
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Damian喜歡為社區(qū)的街頭小販提供免費(fèi)理發(fā)，并與他們分享愉快的談話，一次他發(fā)現(xiàn)Pacheco顯得很孤獨(dú)，發(fā)現(xiàn)他是因?yàn)樯蟼€(gè)月掉了兩顆牙，變得不自信，于是他陪Pacheco去看牙醫(yī)補(bǔ)好了牙齒，Pacheco又變得自信起來(lái)。
【1題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)周末，帶著一把椅子和一些工具，達(dá)米安就會(huì)在附近擺攤。A. provided提供；B. armedarm；C. satisfied滿足；D. troubled麻煩。根據(jù)后文“with a chair and some tools”可知，此處指帶著一把椅子和一些工具，短語(yǔ)be armed with表示“配備，帶著”。故選B。
【2題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)年輕人喜歡為社區(qū)的街頭小販提供免費(fèi)理發(fā)，并與他們分享愉快的談話。A. treatments治療；B. workplaces工作場(chǎng)所；C. haircuts理發(fā)；D. setups安裝。根據(jù)后文“When Damian was cutting Pacheco’s hair”可知，他提供的是免費(fèi)理發(fā)。故選C。
【3題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：達(dá)米安見(jiàn)到這位老朋友非常興奮，他使他想起了過(guò)去許多美好的回憶。A. freed釋放；B. reminded提醒；C. convinced說(shuō)服；D. suspected懷疑。根據(jù)后文“him of so many sweet memories of the past”可知，此處是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)remind sb. of sth.，表示“使某人想起”。故選B。
【4題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，雪糕給他帶來(lái)了很多快樂(lè)。A. joy快樂(lè)；B. courage鼓勵(lì)；C. inspiration靈感；D. challenge挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)后文“Now Damian can still remember those wonderful moments.(現(xiàn)在達(dá)米安還記得那些美好的時(shí)刻)”可知，當(dāng)他還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，雪糕給他帶來(lái)了很多快樂(lè)。故選A。
【5題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)達(dá)米安給帕切科剪頭發(fā)時(shí)，他注意到帕切科這次很孤獨(dú)。A. active活躍的；B. lonely孤獨(dú)的；C. curious好奇的；D. different不同的。根據(jù)后文“Pacheco had been living alone”可知，當(dāng)達(dá)米安給帕切科剪頭發(fā)時(shí)，他注意到帕切科這次很孤獨(dú)。故選B。
【6題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們談話時(shí)，帕切科隱藏了他的笑容。A. hid隱藏；B. spread傳播；C. showed展示；D. observed觀察。根據(jù)后文“In fact, he lost two teeth last month and was unwilling to smile”可知，帕切科因?yàn)闆](méi)了牙齒，隱藏了他的笑容，故選A。
【7題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，他上個(gè)月掉了兩顆牙，由于害怕客戶對(duì)他牙齒的一些評(píng)論，他不愿意笑得很開(kāi)心。A. quietly安靜地；B. shyly害羞地；C. warmly溫暖地；D. broadly燦爛地。根據(jù)后文“for fear of some of the comments his clients have made about his teeth”可知，這里指燦爛微笑，應(yīng)用副詞broadly。故選D。
【8題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：帕切科一直獨(dú)自生活，并沒(méi)有打算去診所，因?yàn)樗郧皬奈慈ミ^(guò)那里。A. bar酒吧；B. clinic診所；C. community社區(qū)；D. stand攤位。上文提到帕切科丟了牙齒，所以是去診所。故選B。
【9題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在那之后，他忙著陪帕切科去看牙醫(yī)。A. ordering命令；B. inviting邀請(qǐng)；C. accompanying陪伴；D. limiting限制。根據(jù)后文“Pacheco to the dental appointments”可知，此處指他忙著陪帕切科去看牙醫(yī)。故選C。
10題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，帕切科感到更加自信，毫不猶豫地向社區(qū)的人們展示他新的燦爛笑容。A. patient耐心的；B. generous慷慨的；C. independent獨(dú)立的；D. confident自信的。根據(jù)后文“doesn’t hesitate to give his new shining smile to the people in the community.”可知，帕切科牙補(bǔ)好了，感到更加自信。故選D。
第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1. 5分，共15分)
A
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Rowena was at dinner when she heard a loud noise at the next table. She saw that something was wrong with a little girl. She suddenly realized that the baby was choking on food. Fortunately, Rowena knew what to do, as she ___11___ (complete) a first aid course for children before. “I sat on a chair and held the baby girl face down along the length of my right leg with her head ___12___ (low) than my knee,” Rowena said. “Then I started to hit her ___13___ the back. When the baby girl started to cry, I knew that she could breathe again.” That was ___14___ Rowena saved a baby’s life.
【答案】11. had completed
12. lower 13. on
14. how
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了Rowena通過(guò)急救知識(shí)救了一名嬰兒的故事。
【11題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，Rowena知道該怎么做，因?yàn)樗耙呀?jīng)完成了兒童急救課程。此處表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故填had completed。
【12題詳解】
考查比較級(jí)。句意：Rowena說(shuō)：“我坐在椅子上，把女嬰臉朝下抱在右腿上，她的頭低于我的膝蓋。”。根據(jù)后文than可知為比較級(jí)。故填lower。
【13題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：然后我開(kāi)始打她的背。此處為介詞hit sb. on the back表示“拍打背部”。故填on。
【14題詳解】
考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意：Rowena就是這樣救了一個(gè)嬰兒的命。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少方式狀語(yǔ)，故用how。故填how。
B
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
The Chinese have created some of the greatest inventions in the world. They came up with a way to make modem paper thousands of years ago. The first paper ___15___ (invent) was made from worm fishing nets, bark of the mulberry tree, and cloth. These materials were found ___16___ (easy), which meant that large amounts of paper were cheaper to make. As paper became more affordable, it was used for writing on. During the Tang Dynasty, it was made into paper bags and used to preserve the flavour of tea. Today, paper ___17___ (use) for many different purposes around the world.
【答案】15. invented
16. easily 17. is used
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。中國(guó)人創(chuàng)造了一些世界上最偉大的發(fā)明。數(shù)千年前，他們發(fā)明了一種制造現(xiàn)代紙張的方法。發(fā)明的第一張紙是由蠕蟲(chóng)漁網(wǎng)、桑樹(shù)皮和布制成的。這些材料很容易找到，這意味著大量的紙張制作起來(lái)更便宜。隨著紙變得越來(lái)越便宜，它被用來(lái)寫字。在唐朝，它被制成紙袋，用來(lái)保存茶的味道。今天，紙?jiān)谑澜绺鞯乇挥糜谠S多不同的用途。
【15題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：發(fā)明的第一張紙是由蠕蟲(chóng)漁網(wǎng)、桑樹(shù)皮和布制成的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知invent與paper構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。故填invented。
【16題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：這些材料很容易找到，這意味著大量的紙張制作起來(lái)更便宜。修飾動(dòng)詞find應(yīng)用副詞easily，作狀語(yǔ)。故填easily。
【17題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：如今，紙張?jiān)谑澜绺鞯乇挥糜谠S多不同的用途。主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)today可知為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。故填is used。
C
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
You never know what treasures the sea will offer. ___18___ (look) for a seashell is a fun hobby, and anyone at any age can do it. Plus, there’s even an official name for people ___19___ collect and study shells: “conchologist.” Besides being unique and interesting, shells serve an important function. They provide ___20___ (protect) for sea organisms. That brings us to the first rule of searching for seashells: Never keep a shell that still has a living creature inside.
【答案】18. Looking
19. who##that
20. protection
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了尋找貝殼這一活動(dòng)。
【18題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：找貝殼是一種有趣的愛(ài)好，任何年齡的人都可以做。作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞，句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填Looking。
【19題詳解】
考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：此外，收集和研究貝殼的人甚至有一個(gè)官方名稱：“海螺學(xué)家”。定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞people，在從句作主語(yǔ)，指人，故填who/that。
【20題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：它們?yōu)楹Ｑ笊锾峁┍Ｗo(hù)。作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞protection。故填protection。
第二部分 閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)
第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
General LRC rules
We have a number of simple rules to help you use the Language Resource Centre (LRC). Please cooperate and enjoy your visit with us.
● No eating or drinking
● No copying of audio cassettes
● You can use the LRC cither on your own during self - access times or you may use it with your teacher as part of a lesson.
● If you use it as a self-access student, you must scan your borrower barcode (issued by the library staff) when entering and leaving. The LRC is for use by Language Centre students only.
● All bags must be put in the bag-rack.
Please work quietly. This is a library and many students are studying for exams.
Photocopying
We have a photocopier available. Please ask the library staff to help you. The cost is 20c for one A4 sheet.
Borrowing from the LRC
Language Centre students are permitted to borrow materials from the library. Other schools’ students must use the facilities at their own schools.
Full-time students: Give your photo — ID card to the librarian and you will get an LRC number. Part-time students: You will need to bring your $ 50. 00 deposit receipt from the cashier. When your course finishes, bring your library card back and your deposit will be refunded in cash.
Loans
Language students can borrow up to 4 items (of which no more than 2 can be kits) at one time. Kits are bags containing book(s) plus cassette(s).
All teacher trainee students may borrow up to 3 items:
● Test materials 1 week
● Listening kits 1 week
● Most other books 2 weeks
Books marked REF in red are reference books and cannot be taken out of the library. Books marked REF in green may be removed by staff only.
Most items can be renewed once. Test materials cannot be renewed.
21. What can we learn from the passage?
A. You can borrow and copy audio cassettes from the LRC.
B. The LRC can only be used by students studying for exams.
C. Students and teachers can photocopy materials at the LRC for free
D. Teachers are allowed to use the LRC when giving lessons to students.
22. According to the passage part -time students at the Language Center _________.
A. can borrow at least four items at one time
B. should renew the test materials once a week
C. should pay a deposit before borrowing materials
D. can take books marked REF in red out of the library
23. What is the purpose of this passage?
A. To explain how to use the LRC.
B. To recommend resources for language learning.
C. To present the different functions of school facilities.
D. To introduce how to borrow reference books from the LRC.
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了語(yǔ)言資源中心的一些使用規(guī)則。
【21題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“● You can use the LRC cither on your own during self - access times or you may use it with your teacher as part of a lesson. (你可以在自己的時(shí)間使用LRC，也可以和老師一起作為課程的一部分使用它)”可知，教師在給學(xué)生上課時(shí)可以使用LRC。故選D。
【22題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Borrowing from the LRC部分中“Part-time students: You will need to bring your $ 50. 00 deposit receipt from the cashier. When your course finishes, bring your library card back and your deposit will be refunded in cash.(非全日制學(xué)生：你需要帶上你的50美元。這是出納員給我的00英鎊的存款收據(jù)。課程結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將借書(shū)證帶回來(lái)，押金將以現(xiàn)金退還)”可知，非全日制學(xué)生借用資料前應(yīng)先付押金。故選C。
【23題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“We have a number of simple rules to help you use the Language Resource Centre (LRC). Please cooperate and enjoy your visit with us.(我們有一些簡(jiǎn)單的規(guī)則來(lái)幫助你使用語(yǔ)言資源中心。希望大家合作愉快)”可推知，這篇文章的目的是解釋如何使用LRC。故選A。
B
Have you ever seen a kid in class who wouldn’t volunteer to read or answer a question? I was that type of student. Talking in class was a struggle for me because the fear of saying the wrong thing was always on my mind.
There were constant announcements about students in our class winning writing awards. It was a dream for me. I have always felt unsure of myself when writing. Semicolons confused me and I used too many commas. I had no idea how to cite anything. During my freshman year, the teacher would pick the best essay in our class to be read out loud, but mine was never chosen. I found it really hard to write an essay.
One teacher Mr. Wilson, who taught me the next semester, changed everything. He was in his fifties and had a reputation for having a particular teaching style. He connected writing and reading to football, but somehow it made sense. What really made him special to me was that every class he would pick someone to read their writing out loud to the class.
In one of his lessons, he said: “I will not always pick the essay that I think has the best grammar or use of vocabulary. I will pick the one that I think has the most character.” This part was confusing tome because how can writing have character? He went on to explain: “I want to read something that I can tell the writer feel a lot while writing it. I want to feel the emotions you were going through as you wrote it.”
A few weeks later, for the first time, my essay was chosen to be read to my classmates. I can’t even remember what it was about, but I remember how nervous I was to see his reaction, mixed with pride at the fact that he felt like my work was worth sharing. He gave me his comments at the end of it, but I was too nervous to remember them. After class, he told me he was excited to read more of my work.
He made me feel special in the way he led the class, and I got over my fear of sharing my work in class. He made me believe in my writing abilities and gave me the confidence to continue writing.
24. Talking in class used to be difficult for the author because __________.
A. he had never won any awards for speaking B. he didn’t know how to answer questions
C. he had no idea how to cite anything D. he was afraid of making mistakes
25. According to the author, what made Mr. Wilson different from other teachers?
A. His style of teaching. B. His love for students.
C. His interest in writing. D. His passion for football.
26. From the passage, we can know that __________.
A. Mr. Wilson preferred essays with good use of vocabulary
B. the author remembered Mr. Wilson’s comments very well
C. Mr. Wilson thought the author’s passage was full of emotions
D. the author believed that his essay was worth sharing in the class
27. Which of the following words can best describe Mr. Wilson?
A. Kind and ambitious. B. Honest and confident.
C. Creative and inspiring. D. Reliable and generous.
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. C 27. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了威爾遜先生特別的教學(xué)方式對(duì)作者的積極影響，他讓作者覺(jué)得自己很特別，也克服了在課堂上分享的恐懼。
【24題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Talking in class was a struggle for me because the fear of saying the wrong thing was always on my mind.(在課堂上講話對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一場(chǎng)斗爭(zhēng)，因?yàn)槲铱偸菗?dān)心說(shuō)錯(cuò)話)”可知，在課堂上說(shuō)話對(duì)作者來(lái)說(shuō)曾經(jīng)是困難的，因?yàn)樗ε路稿e(cuò)。故選D。
【25題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“He was in his fifties and had a reputation for having a particular teaching style. He connected writing and reading to football, but somehow it made sense.(他五十多歲，以其獨(dú)特的教學(xué)風(fēng)格而聞名。他把寫作和閱讀與足球聯(lián)系在一起，但不知何故，這是有道理的)”和最后一段“He made me feel special in the way he led the class, and I got over my fear of sharing my work in class. (他帶領(lǐng)課堂的方式讓我感到特別，我克服了在課堂上分享作業(yè)的恐懼)”可知，根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，威爾遜先生與其他老師的不同之處是他的教學(xué)風(fēng)格。故選A。
【26題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“I want to read something that I can tell the writer feel a lot while writing it. I want to feel the emotions you were going through as you wrote it.(我想讀一些我能告訴作者在寫作時(shí)感受很多的東西。我想感受你寫這文章時(shí)的感情)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“A few weeks later, for the first time, my essay was chosen to be read to my classmates.(幾個(gè)星期后，我的文章第一次被選上讀給同學(xué)們聽(tīng))”可知，威爾遜先生認(rèn)為作者的文章充滿了感情。故選C。
【27題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“He was in his fifties and had a reputation for having a particular teaching style. He connected writing and reading to football, but somehow it made sense.(他五十多歲，以其獨(dú)特的教學(xué)風(fēng)格而聞名。他把寫作和閱讀與足球聯(lián)系在一起，但不知何故，這是有道理的)”以及最后一段“He made me feel special in the way he led the class, and I got over my fear of sharing my work in class. He made me believe in my writing abilities and gave me the confidence to continue writing.(他帶領(lǐng)班級(jí)的方式讓我覺(jué)得自己很特別，我也克服了在課堂上分享我的工作的恐懼。他讓我相信自己的寫作能力，給了我繼續(xù)寫作的信心)”可推知，威爾遜先生有創(chuàng)造力和鼓舞人心的人。故選C。
C
Plants need sunlight for photosynthesis (光合作用), the process of absorbing energy from light to create their own food from carbon dioxide and water. That’s why plants grow and thrive in the warmer months when there is more daylight and are dormant in the colder months.
But this process isn’t particularly efficient and only one percent of the energy contained in sunlight actually ends up in the plant, according to a news release from the University of California, Riverside. Now scientists at the university have found a way to bypass the need for natural photosynthesis and to create food by using artificial photosynthesis. This allows plants to grow in complete darkness. “With our approach we sought to identify a new way of producing food that could break through the limits normally imposed by biological photosynthesis,” corresponding author Robert Jinkerson, a UCR assistant professor of chemical and environmental engineering said in the news release.
The researchers devoted to artificial photosynthesis used a two-step electrocatalytic (電催化) process to convent CO2, water, and electricity into acetate (醋酸鹽) — the main ingredient of vinegar — that the plant organisms consumed to grow. The researchers adjusted the electrolyzer, a device that uses electricity to support the growth of food producing organisms. to come up with the highest levels of acetate ever produced by this method.
The new artificial photosynthesis method could be up to 18 times more efficient than sunlight. Experiments showed that a large range of food producing organisms could be grown using this acetate. “We were able to grow food producing organisms without any contributions from biological photosynthesis,” said Elizabeth Hann, a doctoral candidate in the Jinkerson lab and co-lead author of the study. “This technology is a more efficient method of turning solar energy into food, as compared to food production that relics on biological photosynthesis,” she said.
By eliminating the need for sunlight, he potential of this method to increase food supply in regions with less - than ideal growing conditions is almost endless, according to New Atlas.
Food will be able to be grown almost anywhere, including in space and on other planets. “Imagine someday giant vessels growing tomato plants in the dark and on Mars — how much easier would that be for future Martians?” co-author Martha Orozco-Cárdenas, director of the UCR Plant Transformation Research Center said.
While this may be years off, the potential to grow food using artificial photosynthesis has great value in feeding a hungry place where the population is growing and arable land shrinking. This new method increases the efficiency of food production using less land and minimizes the environmental impact on the planet.
28. What does the underlined word “dormant” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean?
A. Fresh. B. Resting. C. Healthy. D. Normal.
29. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The process of artificial photosynthesis.
B. The contribution of natural photosynthesis.
C. The efficiency of sunlight on plant organisms.
D. The wide range of applications of artificial photosynthesis.
30. According to Martha Orozco-Cárdenas, artificial photosynthesis is .
A. accurate B. dangerous C. promising D. impractical
31. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Biological photosynthesis can help produce higher quality food.
B. Biological photosynthesis is more efficient in turning solar energy into food.
C. Using artificial photosynthesis may decrease the efficiency of food production.
D. Using artificial photosynthesis to grow food can reduce environmental influence.
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. C 31. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了人工光合作用的過(guò)程以及積極效果。
【28題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“That’s why plants grow and thrive in the warmer months when there is more daylight (這就是為什么植物在溫暖的月份生長(zhǎng)和茁壯成長(zhǎng))”以及后文“in the colder months”結(jié)合常識(shí)，可知，植物在陽(yáng)光充足的溫暖月份生長(zhǎng)茂盛，而在寒冷的月份休眠。故劃線詞意思是“休息的”。故選B。
【29題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“The researchers devoted to artificial photosynthesis used a two-step electrocatalytic (電催化) process to convent CO2, water, and electricity into acetate (醋酸鹽) — the main ingredient of vinegar — that the plant organisms consumed to grow. The researchers adjusted the electrolyzer, a device that uses electricity to support the growth of food producing organisms. to come up with the highest levels of acetate ever produced by this method.(致力于人工光合作用的研究人員使用兩步電催化過(guò)程將二氧化碳、水和電轉(zhuǎn)化為醋酸鹽——醋的主要成分——植物有機(jī)體消耗醋酸來(lái)生長(zhǎng)。研究人員調(diào)整了電解槽，這是一種利用電力來(lái)支持食物生產(chǎn)生物生長(zhǎng)的設(shè)備。用這種方法生產(chǎn)出了最高水平的醋酸鹽)”可知，第三段的主要內(nèi)容是人工光合作用的過(guò)程。故選A。
【30題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Food will be able to be grown almost anywhere, including in space and on other planets. “Imagine someday giant vessels growing tomato plants in the dark and on Mars — how much easier would that be for future Martians?” co-author Martha Orozco-Cárdenas, director of the UCR Plant Transformation Research Center said.(食物幾乎可以在任何地方種植，包括在太空和其他星球上?！跋胂笠幌拢幸惶?，巨大的容器在黑暗中在火星上種植番茄——這對(duì)未來(lái)的火星人來(lái)說(shuō)會(huì)容易多少？”UCR植物轉(zhuǎn)化研究中心主任Martha Orozco-Cárdenas說(shuō))”可知，Martha Orozco-Cárdenas認(rèn)為人工光合作用是有希望的。故選C。
【31題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“This new method increases the efficiency of food production using less land and minimizes the environmental impact on the planet.(這種新方法使用更少的土地提高了糧食生產(chǎn)的效率，并最大限度地減少了對(duì)地球環(huán)境的影響)”可知，利用人工光合作用種植食物可以減少對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。故選D。
D
Virtual reality is rapidly changing the way education is being imparted in some of the leading schools worldwide. The transfer of knowledge is no longer restricted to pen and paper, blackboard and chalk, and PowerPoint presentations. It has taken a turn towards experience-based learning in its truest form. This is so because, with virtual reality, the observers are transported into a whole new world which has been designed to provide visual and touchable stimuli to them, allowing more knowledge to be kept in mind.
In recent years, the concept of virtual reality-based language learning is starting to come into focus. In order to be fluent in any given language, or have a sound grasp of it, you have to be immersed in an environment where it is the primary medium of communication. Think of it like this. If you are learning Spanish in the Netherlands, you won’t have adequate exposure to the language, but if you choose to learn Spanish in Spain, or any other Spanish – speaking country, you are far more likely to succeed, because you will have countless avenues to practice your language skills in a real world setting.
This leads us to an important point — most people who are learning a foreign language are nor exposed to favorable linguistic conditions like the ones mentioned earlier. Virtual reality is seeking to bridge this gap by exposing the subject to a virtual environment where their chosen language is the main mode of communication.
Since the arrival of user-friendly virtual reality gear, some applications have been designed. House of Languages is one of them. It is already available on the Gear VR. It involves an animated raccoon that is looking for you to find certain objects in a virtual environment, whose names would be in the language that you are learning. Often you will hear the name, or the name will appear as a thought - bubble over the raccoon’s head. Then you will have to look through the environment to find the object in question. There are several environments in this VR experience, each with its own set of animated objects.
Virtual reality is definitely showing increasing promise in the educational sector and the day isn’t far away when it will become one of the major media in education. What about you? Would you learn a new language in virtual reality?
32. Why does the author mention learning Spanish in the Netherlands in Paragraph 2?
A. To state that traveling is helpful for language learning.
B. To stress the importance of the language learning environment.
C. To show that some virtual reality applications are available for language learning.
D. To inform us of the favorable learning environment for Spanish in the Netherlands.
33 How does the author develop the passage?
A. By giving examples and using quotation.
B. By stating the definition and showing facts.
C. By presenting an opinion and listing figures.
D. By analyzing the problem and providing a solution.
34. What is the author’s attitude towards the use of virtual reality in education?
A. Negative. B. Positive. C. Doubtful. D. Neutral.
【答案】32. B 33. B 34. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)正在迅速改變世界上一些頂尖學(xué)校傳授教育的方式。
【32題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“In recent years, the concept of virtual reality-based language learning is starting to come into focus. In order to be fluent in any given language, or have a sound grasp of it, you have to be immersed in an environment where it is the primary medium of communication. Think of it like this. If you are learning Spanish in the Netherlands, you won’t have adequate exposure to the language, but if you choose to learn Spanish in Spain, or any other Spanish – speaking country, you are far more likely to succeed, because you will have countless avenues to practice your language skills in a real world setting. (近年來(lái)，基于虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)概念開(kāi)始成為人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。為了流利地說(shuō)任何一種語(yǔ)言，或者對(duì)它有一個(gè)良好的掌握，你必須沉浸在一個(gè)環(huán)境中，它是主要的交流媒介。這樣想。如果你在荷蘭學(xué)習(xí)西班牙語(yǔ)，你不會(huì)有足夠的機(jī)會(huì)接觸這門語(yǔ)言，但如果你選擇在西班牙或任何其他西班牙語(yǔ)國(guó)家學(xué)習(xí)西班牙語(yǔ)，你更有可能成功，因?yàn)槟銓⒂袩o(wú)數(shù)的途徑在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中練習(xí)你的語(yǔ)言技能)”可推知，作者在第二段提到在荷蘭學(xué)習(xí)西班牙語(yǔ)以強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境的重要性。故選B。
【33題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“In recent years, the concept of virtual reality-based language learning is starting to come into focus. (近年來(lái)，基于虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)概念開(kāi)始成為人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn))”；第三段“This leads us to an important point — most people who are learning a foreign language are nor exposed to favorable linguistic conditions like the ones mentioned earlier. (這就引出了一個(gè)重要的問(wèn)題——大多數(shù)正在學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的人并沒(méi)有像前面提到的那樣接觸到有利的語(yǔ)言條件)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“Since the arrival of user-friendly virtual reality gear, some applications have been designed. House of Languages is one of them.( 自從用戶友好的虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)設(shè)備出現(xiàn)以來(lái)，已經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)了一些應(yīng)用程序?！罢Z(yǔ)言之家”就是其中之一)”可推知，作者通過(guò)陳述定義和展示事實(shí)展開(kāi)文章。故選B。
【34題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Virtual reality is definitely showing increasing promise in the educational sector and the day isn’t far away when it will become one of the major media in education. (虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)無(wú)疑在教育領(lǐng)域顯示出越來(lái)越大的前景，它成為教育領(lǐng)域主要媒體之一的日子已經(jīng)不遠(yuǎn)了)”可推知，作者對(duì)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)在教育中的應(yīng)用積極態(tài)度。故選B。
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
You probably already know what self-regulation is, even if you are not aware of the term. ___35___
Self-regulation refers to the ability to control your behavior and manage your thoughts and emotions in appropriate ways. It involves being aware of your behavior and how it helps you reach your goals. ___36___ The Cambridge dictionary defines it as “The ability to make yourself do things you know you should do even when you do not want to”. The American Psychological Association defines it as “the control of one’s behavior through self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement.”
Self-regulation is very important because it can help us deal with stress. We all know that sometimes stress is bad for our health, which can cause mood swings and difficulty concentrating. ___37___ For example, if a person is upset, sad, or angry, self-regulation helps him regulate his feelings and then behave in an acceptable and productive way.
In addition, self-regulation can also help people handle conflict and strengthen relationships and overall well-being. It can help people calm down after something annoying has happened and refocus their attention on other tasks. ___38___ People with good self-regulation skills are able to assess whether their behavior is appropriate and can redirect themselves as needed.
___39___ So we can try different approaches to find the proper one. You may be able to keep stress under control by using stress management techniques such as deep breathing, exercise, and getting enough sleep.
Self-regulation is an essential skill for physical, social, emotional and mental well-being. It does not always come easily to people, but there are techniques that can help you develop and strengthen your self-regulation.
A. There are different definitions of self-regulation.
B. Take time each day to make new plans for tomorrow.
C. In fact, like many coping skills, self-regulation can be improved.
D. It takes firm determination and a strong mind to develop a new habit.
E. Then try to behave properly and adjust to getting along with other people.
F. It is essential to learn more about self-regulation and understand how to strengthen it.
G. But self-regulation can help people handle emotions like frustration or disappointment.
【答案】35. F 36. A 37. G 38. E 39. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了自我調(diào)節(jié)的定義、作用以及提高自我調(diào)節(jié)的方法。
【35題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“You probably already know what self-regulation is, even if you are not aware of the term.(你可能已經(jīng)知道什么是自我調(diào)節(jié)，即使你不知道這個(gè)詞)”結(jié)合后文提到了自我調(diào)節(jié)的作用，可知空處應(yīng)該引起下文，即指出要建議了解自我調(diào)節(jié)。故F選項(xiàng)“有必要更多地了解自我調(diào)節(jié)并了解如何加強(qiáng)自我調(diào)節(jié)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。
【36題詳解】
上文“Self-regulation refers to the ability to control your behavior and manage your thoughts and emotions in appropriate ways. It involves being aware of your behavior and how it helps you reach your goals.(自我調(diào)節(jié)是指以適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞娇刂谱约旱男袨楹凸芾碜约旱乃枷牒颓榫w的能力。它包括意識(shí)到你的行為以及它如何幫助你實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo))”提到自我調(diào)節(jié)的定義，后文“The Cambridge dictionary defines it as “The ability to make yourself do things you know you should do even when you do not want to”. The American Psychological Association defines it as “the control of one’s behavior through self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement.”(劍橋詞典將其定義為“即使你不想做，但你知道自己應(yīng)該做的事情的能力”。美國(guó)心理學(xué)會(huì)將其定義為“通過(guò)自我監(jiān)控、自我評(píng)價(jià)和自我強(qiáng)化來(lái)控制自己的行為”)”提到了自我調(diào)節(jié)不同的定義，由此可知，空處引起下文，指出自律有不同的定義，故A選項(xiàng)“自律有不同的定義”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。
【37題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Self-regulation is very important because it can help us deal with stress. We all know that sometimes stress is bad for our health, which can cause mood swings and difficulty concentrating.(自我調(diào)節(jié)非常重要，因?yàn)樗梢詭椭覀儜?yīng)對(duì)壓力。我們都知道有時(shí)候壓力對(duì)我們的健康有害，它會(huì)導(dǎo)致情緒波動(dòng)和注意力不集中)”以及后文“For example, if a person is upset, sad, or angry, self-regulation helps him regulate his feelings and then behave in an acceptable and productive way.(例如，如果一個(gè)人心煩意亂、悲傷或生氣，自我調(diào)節(jié)可以幫助他調(diào)節(jié)自己的感覺(jué)，然后以一種可接受的、富有成效的方式行事)”可知，本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，指出自律可以幫助人們處理沮喪或失望等情緒。故G選項(xiàng)“但是自我調(diào)節(jié)可以幫助人們處理沮喪或失望等情緒”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。
【38題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“In addition, self-regulation can also help people handle conflict and strengthen relationships and overall well-being. It can help people calm down after something annoying has happened and refocus their attention on other tasks.(此外，自我調(diào)節(jié)還可以幫助人們處理沖突，加強(qiáng)人際關(guān)系和整體幸福感。它可以幫助人們?cè)谝恍廊说氖虑榘l(fā)生后冷靜下來(lái)，并將注意力重新集中到其他任務(wù)上)”以及后文“People with good self-regulation skills are able to assess whether their behavior is appropriate and can redirect themselves as needed.(具有良好自我調(diào)節(jié)能力的人能夠評(píng)估自己的行為是否合適，并在需要時(shí)重新調(diào)整自己)”可知，本句承接上文說(shuō)明自我調(diào)節(jié)幫助人處理沖突的過(guò)程，故E選項(xiàng)“然后試著舉止得體，適應(yīng)與他人相處”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。
【39題詳解】
根據(jù)后文“So we can try different approaches to find the proper one. You may be able to keep stress under control by using stress management techniques such as deep breathing, exercise, and getting enough sleep.(所以我們可以嘗試不同的方法來(lái)找到合適的方法。你可以通過(guò)使用壓力管理技巧來(lái)控制壓力，比如深呼吸、鍛煉和充足的睡眠)”可知，本段主要說(shuō)明了提高自我調(diào)節(jié)的方法。故C選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上，像許多應(yīng)對(duì)技巧一樣，自我調(diào)節(jié)是可以提高的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。
第三部分 書(shū)面表達(dá) (共兩節(jié)，32分)
第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題。
Most companies use advertising to promote their brands, sell their products, and increase their income. For years, businesses have used different strategies in advertising to sell their products or services through written or visual messages.
When creating advertisements, companies tend to design some parts that appeal to our emotions or can be connected to our own lives. This is called memorable advertising. Our brains often pay attention to those parts that appeal to our emotions and forget about the rest of the information we see. So, one way to make memorable advertising is by adding an emotional or personal aspect to the most important part of the advertisement. As a result, there is a greater chance that viewers will remember that. If the scenes that appeal to our emotions manage to, at the same time, highlight the brand and its benefits, viewers will be more likely to build a connection with the brand, which can increase sales.
A good example is an advertisement from a leading consumer goods company. The advertisement showed people of all ages and from all parts of the world. In the advertisement, an artist drew pictures of what people thought they looked like — and compared those pictures to pictures of what their friends thought they looked like. This showed that people often perceive themselves negatively compared with reality — usually people criticize their looks too much. The advertisement encouraged people to see the positives in their looks, rather than the negatives. In this way, the advertisement triggered very strong emotional responses, achieved attention worldwide, and so made more people remember it.
Another way to make memorable advertising is by creating a fictional character that represents the brand. Think of the Michelin Tire Man. The human-like figure consists of stacked white tires. The mascot gives customers a friendly, fun personality to connect and build a relationship with. It is much easier to connect with the friendly fat man than with a faceless tire company.
40. What is memorable advertising?
___________________________________________________________
41. According to the passage, what are the two ways to make memorable advertising?
___________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
In the advertisement of a leading consumer goods company, it encouraged people to see their negative aspects and triggered very strong emotional responses.
___________________________________________________________
43. Are you usually influenced by advertisements when you go shopping? Why or why not?(In about 40 words)
___________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Memorable advertising can appeal to our emotions or can be connected to our own lives.
41. By adding an emotional or personal aspect to the most important part of the advertisement and creating a fictional character that represents the brand.
42. In the advertisement of a leading consumer goods company, it encouraged people to see their negative aspects and triggered very strong emotional responses. The advertisement encouraged people to see the positives in their looks, rather than the negatives.
43. Yes. Advertisements can always attract people to buy products through exquisite designs and beautiful models. Advertising can give people the illusion that by buying the product, you can live a better life or become as beautiful as a model.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了廣告的作用和制作廣告的方法。
【40題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段“When creating advertisements, companies tend to design some parts that appeal to our emotions or can be connected to our own lives. This is called memorable advertising. (在制作廣告時(shí)，公司傾向于設(shè)計(jì)一些吸引我們情感的部分，或者可以與我們自己的生活聯(lián)系起來(lái)。這就是所謂的令人難忘的廣告)”可知，令人難忘的廣告可以吸引我們的情感，或者與我們自己的生活聯(lián)系起來(lái)。故答案為Memorable advertising can appeal to our emotions or can be connected to our own lives.
【41題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段“So, one way to make memorable advertising is by adding an emotional or personal aspect to the most important part of the advertisement. (因此，制作令人難忘的廣告的一種方法是在廣告的最重要部分添加情感或個(gè)人方面)”以及最后一段“Another way to make memorable advertising is by creating a fictional character that represents the brand. (制作令人難忘的廣告的另一種方法是創(chuàng)造一個(gè)代表品牌的虛構(gòu)人物)”可知，制作令人難忘的廣告主要是通過(guò)在廣告最重要的部分添加情感或個(gè)人方面，和創(chuàng)造一個(gè)代表品牌的虛構(gòu)人物。故答案為By adding an emotional or personal aspect to the most important part of the advertisement and creating a fictional character that represents the brand.
【42題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“The advertisement encouraged people to see the positives in their looks, rather than the negatives. (這則廣告鼓勵(lì)人們看到自己外表的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而不是缺點(diǎn))”可知，故錯(cuò)誤部分為“negative aspects”，這則廣告鼓勵(lì)人們看到自己外表的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而不是缺點(diǎn)。故答案為In the advertisement of a leading consumer goods company, it encouraged people to see their negative aspects and triggered very strong emotional responses. The advertisement encouraged people to see the positives in their looks, rather than the negatives.
【43題詳解】
考查開(kāi)放題。根據(jù)“當(dāng)你去購(gòu)物時(shí)，你是否經(jīng)常受到廣告的影響？為什么或者為什么不呢？”可回答：是的。廣告總是可以通過(guò)精美的設(shè)計(jì)和美麗的模型吸引人們購(gòu)買產(chǎn)品。廣告可以給人們一種錯(cuò)覺(jué)，通過(guò)購(gòu)買產(chǎn)品，你可以過(guò)上更好的生活，或者變得像模特一樣漂亮。故答案為Yes. Advertisements can always attract people to buy products through exquisite designs and beautiful models. Advertising can give people the illusion that by buying the product, you can live a better life or become as beautiful as a model.
第二節(jié)(20分)
44. 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你校交換生Jim打算今年暑假回英國(guó)，想送給他的媽媽一件具有中國(guó)特色的禮物，特發(fā)來(lái)郵件就準(zhǔn)備什么禮物向你咨詢。請(qǐng)你用英文給他回復(fù)一封電子郵件。內(nèi)容包括：
1. 建議禮物；
2. 說(shuō)明選擇該禮物的原因；
3. 表達(dá)祝福。
注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右；
2. 開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
It’s great to hear from you! As you want to give a gift with Chinese characteristics to your mom, I would suggest a Chinese silk scarf.
Chinese silk scarf is an excellent choice to showcase the beauty of Chinese culture. It is not only sophisticated in pattern and design, but also comfortable to wear. Besides, there are many patterns with rich cultural meanings to choose from. For instance, peony, lotus, and phoenix all represent happiness, prosperity, and good luck in Chinese culture.
I hope this gift will impress your mom and bring her joy. Please convey my best regards and best wishes to her. Looking forward to seeing you soon!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇書(shū)面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你校交換生Jim打算今年暑假回英國(guó)，想送給他的媽媽一件具有中國(guó)特色的禮物，特發(fā)來(lái)郵件就準(zhǔn)備什么禮物向你咨詢。請(qǐng)你用英文給他回復(fù)一封電子郵件。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
建議：suggest→recommend
表達(dá)：convey→express
快樂(lè)：joy→happiness
選擇：choice→option
2句式拓展
同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
原句：It is not only sophisticated in pattern and design, but also comfortable to wear.
拓展句：Not only is it sophisticated in pattern and design, but also it is comfortable to wear.
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1] As you want to give a gift with Chinese characteristics to your mom, I would suggest a Chinese silk scarf. (運(yùn)用了as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句)
[高分句型2] I hope this gift will impress your mom and bring her joy. (運(yùn)用了省略that的賓語(yǔ)從句)




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