?北京市豐臺(tái)區(qū)2022—2023學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期綜合練習(xí)(二)
高三英語
本試卷共12頁，100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
筆試(共三部分 100分)
第一部分 知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)
第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
Dave King is in his second winter of snowplowing (鏟雪) people’s driveways for free.
April Frazier is one person who has benefited from King’s kindness. She is a single mother. After one storm last year, she was busy looking after her kids and just knew she was not going to be able to get out there and___1___the snow.
Frazier saw a post online in which King invited people to contact him if they needed help with that day’s storm. She___2___to him and offered to pay him, but he refused.
Frazier was grateful — and has been___3___to see, with every storm since, King has reported to her house and plowed her driveway, never___4___a penny (一分錢). Now he also plows her parents’ driveway for free. And one time, he___5___plowed her parents’ neighbors’ driveways without anyone asking him. “He is loyal and___6___,” said Frazier.
King got the idea when he overheard a neighbor complaining she was having difficulty with the snow in her driveway. It occurred to King that he could plow the driveways of people in need for free.
King went online and invited anyone who needed their driveways plowed to get in touch with him. People were___7___at first, as though he had some kind of dishonest plan going. But they were quick to find out he was___8___and started taking him up on his offer.
King hopes to___9___this kindness and generosity and set up a whole network of volunteers to help people in need.
“King is making a positive difference in the community,” Frazier said. “He is an unsung hero for this town. He inspires hope in____10____.”
1. A. feel B. remove C. collect D. appreciate
2. A. reached out B. looked up C. held on D. gave in
3. A. proud B. anxious C. puzzled D. surprised
4. A. spotting B. costing C. expecting D. rejecting
5. A. even B. almost C. still D. rather
6. A. humorous B. committed C. optimistic D. imaginative
7. A. bored B. disappointed C. cautious D. frightened
8. A. genuine B. popular C. courageous D. wise
9. A. receive B. expand C. keep D. practice
10. A. creativity B. honesty C. confidence D. humanity
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Dave King幫人免費(fèi)鏟雪的善舉。
【1題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：去年一場暴風(fēng)雪過后，她忙著照顧孩子，才知道自己沒辦法出去鏟雪了。A. feel感覺；B. remove去除；C. collect收集；D. appreciate感激。根據(jù)上文“After one storm”可知，她忙著照顧孩子，才知道自己沒辦法出去鏟雪了，空格處意為“去除”。故選B。
【2題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：她主動(dòng)聯(lián)系他，提出付錢給他，但他拒絕了。A. reached out伸出；B. looked up查詢；C. held on不掛斷電話；D. gave in屈服。根據(jù)上文“King invited people to contact him if they needed help with that day’s storm”可知，她主動(dòng)聯(lián)系他，提出付錢給他，reach out to sb.意為“聯(lián)系某人”。故選A。
【3題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Frazier很感激，也很驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，自從King到她家并在車道上鏟雪以來，每次暴風(fēng)雪都沒有要求得到一分錢。A. proud驕傲的；B. anxious焦慮的；C. puzzled困惑的；D. surprised驚訝的。根據(jù)下文“with every storm since, King has reported to her house and plowed her driveway, never__4___a penny”可知，她很驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，自從King到她家報(bào)到并在車道上鏟雪以來，每次暴風(fēng)雪都沒有指望得到一分錢。故選D。
【4題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Frazier很感激，也很驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，自從King到她家并在車道上鏟雪以來，每次暴風(fēng)雪都沒有要求得到一分錢。A. spotting發(fā)現(xiàn)；B. costing需花費(fèi)；C. expecting要求；D. rejecting拒絕。根據(jù)上文“Dave King is in his second winter of snowplowing (鏟雪) people’s driveways for free”可知，King幫人鏟雪不要一分錢。故選C。
【5題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：有一次，他甚至在沒有人要求的情況下，把她父母鄰居的車道的雪鏟了。A. even甚至；B. almost幾乎；C. still仍然；D. rather相當(dāng)。根據(jù)下文“without anyone asking him”可知，他甚至在沒有人要求的情況下，把她父母鄰居的車道的雪除了。故選A。
【6題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“他很忠誠，”Frazier說。A. humorous幽默的；B. committed忠誠的；C. optimistic樂觀的；D. imaginative富有想象力的。根據(jù)上文“He is loyal and”可知，他很忠誠。故選B。
【7題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一開始人們都很謹(jǐn)慎，好像他有什么不誠實(shí)的計(jì)劃。A. bored無聊的；B. disappointed失望的；C. cautious謹(jǐn)慎的；D. frightened害怕的。根據(jù)下文“as though he had some kind of dishonest plan going”可知，一開始人們都很謹(jǐn)慎。故選C。
【8題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但他們很快就發(fā)現(xiàn)他是真誠的，并開始接受他的提議。A. genuine真誠的；B. popular受歡迎的；C. courageous勇敢的；D. wise明智的。根據(jù)下文“started taking him up on his offer”可知，他們很快就發(fā)現(xiàn)他是真誠的。故選A。
【9題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：King希望擴(kuò)大這種善良和慷慨，并建立一個(gè)完整的志愿者網(wǎng)絡(luò)來幫助有需要的人。A. receive收到；B. expand擴(kuò)大；C. keep保持；D. practice練習(xí)。根據(jù)下文“set up a whole network of volunteers to help people in need”可知，King希望擴(kuò)大這種善良和慷慨。故選B。
【10題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他激發(fā)了對(duì)人性希望。A. creativity創(chuàng)造力；B. honesty誠實(shí)；C. confidence自信；D. humanity人性。根據(jù)上文“King hopes to___9__this kindness and generosity”可知，他激發(fā)了對(duì)人性的希望。故選D。
第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)
A
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
The skin of a small fish from Thailand is almost completely clear. As it swims, its muscles move,____11____(result) in reflections of many colors. After shining different kinds of light and lasers onto the fish in a laboratory, researchers made a____12____ (discover) that the small structures in its muscles are what turns light into rainbow colors. Other creatures can also create the rainbow effect when colors change. Usually, they have outer surfaces____13____reflect the light, like a butterfly’s wings.
【答案】11. resulting
12. discovery
13. that##which
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹的是泰國的一種幾乎完全透明的魚。
【11題詳解】
考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)它游泳時(shí)，它的肌肉會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)，從而反射出許多顏色。句中謂語是move，空格處用非謂語動(dòng)詞，用現(xiàn)在分詞表結(jié)果，故填resulting。
【12題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里，研究人員將不同種類的光和激光照射到魚身上后，發(fā)現(xiàn)它肌肉中的小結(jié)構(gòu)是將光變成彩虹色的原因。a后跟可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)語境和句意可知，此處意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，名詞是discovery。故填discovery。
【13題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：通常，它們有反射光線的外表面，就像蝴蝶的翅膀。空格處引導(dǎo)的是限制性定語從句，從句中缺少主語，先行詞surfaces是物，因此空格處用關(guān)系代詞that/which。故填that/which。
B
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
With exciting moves, fantastic music and competitors using cool names, breaking is a sport like no other. Also____14____(know) as breakdancing, it will become one of the Olympic sports____15____the Games are held in 2024. It is not yet known how the 2024 Olympic contest____16____(arrange). It is likely that there will be separate female and male battles, and possibly mixed-doubles events with both men and women.
【答案】14. known
15. when 16. will be arranged
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。霹靂舞將成為2024年奧運(yùn)會(huì)的比賽項(xiàng)目，并且很可能會(huì)有男女分開的比賽，也可能有男女混雙比賽。
【14題詳解】
考查過去分詞。句意：它也被稱為霹靂舞，將在2024年奧運(yùn)會(huì)舉行時(shí)成為奧運(yùn)會(huì)項(xiàng)目之一。根據(jù)句意和所給動(dòng)詞know可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入know的非謂語形式作狀語，因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞know和句子的主語it之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該用過去分詞known作狀語。故填known。
【15題詳解】
考查連詞。句意：它也被稱為霹靂舞，將在2024年奧運(yùn)會(huì)舉行時(shí)成為奧運(yùn)會(huì)項(xiàng)目之一。根據(jù)句意及所給句子可知，空格后的部分是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，所以空格處引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，且意義為“在……時(shí)候”，所以應(yīng)該用when。故填when。
【16題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：目前還不知道2024年奧運(yùn)會(huì)的比賽將如何安排。根據(jù)句意和所給動(dòng)詞arrange可知，空格處是主語從句的謂語部分，從句的主語the 2024 Olympic contest和動(dòng)詞arrange之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；由句中的in 2024可知，句子應(yīng)該用一般將來時(shí)。故填will be arranged。
C
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
As one of China’s ten____17____(famous) teas, Longjing tea is characterized by its green color, delicate smell, rich taste and beautiful shape. The beautiful forms of a bud (嫩芽)____18____one leaf or two leaves are acknowledged as quality tea. The picking work of such tea leaves demands a high accuracy and____19____(depend) largely on hand labor. To improve efficiency, a tea-picking robot was made and it is in trial operation now. It can position____20____ the target bud and leaf are and cut them precisely.
【答案】17. most famous
18. with 19. depends
20. where
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。介紹了中國十大名茶之一的龍井茶的特點(diǎn)，以及為了提高采茶效率而制作的采茶機(jī)器人的情況。
【17題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：龍井茶是中國十大名茶之一。分析句子成分可知，空格處應(yīng)填一個(gè)形容詞作定語修飾tea。根據(jù)提示詞famous可知它已經(jīng)是一個(gè)形容詞，就要考慮形容詞的比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)，根據(jù)句意可知是十大最著名的茶。要用形容詞的最高級(jí)。故填most famous。
【18題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：帶有一片或兩片葉子的美麗嫩芽被公認(rèn)為優(yōu)質(zhì)茶葉?？崭裉幨菬o提示，根據(jù)one leaf or two leaves可知是用名詞描述a bud的特點(diǎn)。所以可以推理出空格處要填一個(gè)介詞。根據(jù)句意，是帶有或具有的意思。故填with。
【19題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞。句意：這種茶葉的采摘工作要求高精度，并且在很大程度上依賴手工勞動(dòng)。根據(jù)句中的and可知，括號(hào)里的動(dòng)詞和前面的demands是并列關(guān)系，所以空格處也是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填depends。
【20題詳解】
考查賓語從句。句意：它可以定位目標(biāo)芽和葉子的位置，并精確地采摘它們。分析句子成分可知，it是主語，can position and cut 是并列的謂語動(dòng)詞，“the target bud and leaf are”是一個(gè)賓語從句做position的賓語，根據(jù)句意可知“定位位置在什么地方”。故填where。
第二部分 閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)
第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
Become a Competent Medical Writer in 4 Weeks!
Hurry! This offer ends soon! Claim your spot TODAY!
Three years ago, I started a family and have experienced financial stress since then. I could pay my bills alright, but that was all I could do. I couldn’t even afford a family holiday.
Fortunately, I discovered medical writing. I learned that it was about writing scientific documents. And I felt I had the necessary skills to start medical writing as a side hustle (副業(yè)). By the end of the year, I had my first contract as a freelance medical writer. I felt really secure financially and career-wise.
Today, we’ve observed more medical writers are wanted. So, in collaboration with some colleagues, we’ve prepared the most important lessons to help you become a competent medical writer: (By Alex)
The Complete Medical Writing Training
This online course is perfect for people with a life science degree. Here’s the full course outline.
Week 1 The scientific writing process
Introduction to medical writing: Learn about medical writing and decide your path The writing process: How to write the scientific document in four simple steps Researching to write: Find reliable sources easily to inform your medical writing and identify brilliant ideas from the literature
Week 2 Writing effectively
Outlining to write: The simplest strategy to structure any document perfectly for easier writing and better flow
Referencing: Learn when to cite and how to use common referencing styles and automate your referencing using online tools
Week 3 Other essentials
Scientific research: Update yourself on various clinical research approaches, designs and methods for better medical writing output
Essential biostatistics: How to use common statistical terms from the medical literature correctly in your writing
Week 4 Writing assignments
There are 8 marked writing assignments with feedback to help you improve your writing.
21. Why did Alex start medical writing?
A. To improve medical skills. B. To have more leisure time.
C. To get out of financial trouble. D. To prepare for the writing training.
22. What will people learn by attending the courses?
A. The ways of evaluating the assignments.
B. The steps of writing a scientific document.
C. The skills in using online writing correction tools.
D. The strategies for structuring medical knowledge.
23. What’s the main purpose of the passage?
A. To attract people to the training course.
B. To share the content of the writing course.
C. To introduce the benefits of medical writing.
D. To emphasize the importance of medical writing.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹的是幫助讀者成為醫(yī)學(xué)作家的課程。
【21題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)正文第一段的“Three years ago, I started a family and have experienced financial stress since then. I could pay my bills alright, but that was all I could do. I couldn’t even afford a family holiday.(三年前，我組建了家庭，從那時(shí)起我就經(jīng)歷了經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力。我可以支付我的賬單，但這是我所能做的。我甚至負(fù)擔(dān)不起一次家庭度假。)”和第二段的“And I felt I had the necessary skills to start medical writing as a side hustle (副業(yè)). By the end of the year; I had my first contract as a freelance medical writer. I felt really secure financially and career-wise.(我覺得我有必要的技能開始醫(yī)學(xué)寫作作為副業(yè)。到年底，我的第一份合同是自由醫(yī)學(xué)作家。我覺得經(jīng)濟(jì)上和事業(yè)上都很安全。)”可知，Alex開始醫(yī)學(xué)寫作是為了擺脫財(cái)政困境。故選C。
【22題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Week 1 The scientific writing process部分的“The writing process: How to write the scientific document in four simple steps(寫作過程:如何用四個(gè)簡單的步驟來寫科學(xué)論文)”可知，通過參加這些課程，人們能學(xué)到撰寫科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)的步驟。故選B。
【23題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)標(biāo)題“Become a Competent Medical Writer in 4 Weeks!Hurry! This offer ends soon! Claim your spot TODAY!(在4周內(nèi)成為一名稱職的醫(yī)學(xué)作家！快點(diǎn)！優(yōu)惠馬上結(jié)束！今天就獲得你的學(xué)位！)”可知，本文是一篇廣告，旨在宣傳幫助讀者成為醫(yī)學(xué)作家的課程，因此本文的目的是吸引人們參加培訓(xùn)課程，故選A。
B
When I was little, my dad would let me sit beside him on the porch while he painted. He would tell me how the cow by itself is just a cow, and the meadow by itself is just grass and flowers, and the sun peeking through the trees is just a beam of light, but put them all together and you’ve got magic.
I understood what he was saying, but I’ve never felt what he was saying until one day when I was up in the sycamore tree to rescue a kite stuck in the branches. It was a long way up, but I thought I’d give it a shot. I started climbing. Then I looked down. And suddenly I got dizzy and weak. I was miles off the ground! But the kite was still beyond my reach. I caught my breath and forced myself to concentrate on the kite as I climbed up.
When I had the kite free, I needed a minute to rest. That’s when the fear of being up so high began to lift, and in its place came the most amazing feeling that I was flying. Just soaring above the earth, sailing among the clouds.
Then I began to notice how wonderful the breeze smelled. It seemed like sunshine and wild grass and rain! I couldn’t stop breathing it in, filling my lungs again and again with the sweetest smell I’d ever known.
I never got over the view. I kept thinking of what it felt like to be up so high in that tree. I wanted to see it, to feel it, again. And again.
It wasn’t long before I wasn’t afraid of being up so high and found the spot that became my spot. I could sit there for hours, just looking out at the world. Sunsets were amazing. Some days they’d be purple and pink, some days they’d be a blazing orange, setting fire to clouds across the horizon.
It was on a day like that when my father’s notion (觀念) moved from my head to my heart. The view from my sycamore was more than rooftops and clouds and wind and colors combined.
And I started marveling (驚奇) at how I was feeling both humble and majestic. How was that possible? How could I be so full of peace and full of wonder?
It was magic.
24. Why did the author climb up the sycamore tree?
A. To play in the tree. B. To get a trapped kite.
C. To prove her courage. D. To practice climbing skills.
25. The author’s climbing experience was .
A. unusual but painful B. competitive and imaginative
C. adventurous but rewarding D. well-planned and interesting
26. Why did the author like being up high in the tree?
A. Because the tree had the sweetest smell.
B. Because it could help her to concentrate.
C. Because her father encouraged her to do so.
D. Because she could enjoy more than good views.
27. What message does the author want to convey?
A. Practice makes perfect.
B. Positive action leads to happiness.
C. Beautiful things don’t ask for attention.
D. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。作者通過爬到樹上看到從來沒有欣賞過的景色的經(jīng)歷明白了爸爸說過的整體大于各部分的總和的道理。
【24題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“I understood what he was saying, but I’ve never felt what he was saying until one day when I was up in the sycamore tree to rescue a kite stuck in the branches.(我明白他在說什么，但我從來沒有感受過他說的，直到有一天，我爬上梧桐樹去救一個(gè)卡在樹枝上的風(fēng)箏)”可知，作者爬上一棵梧桐樹去取一只被困住的風(fēng)箏。故選B。
【25題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“When I had the kite free, I needed a minute to rest. That’s when the fear of being up so high began to lift, and in its place came the most amazing feeling that I was flying. Just soaring above the earth, sailing among the clouds.(當(dāng)我放開風(fēng)箏的時(shí)候，我需要休息一分鐘。就在這時(shí)，對(duì)飛得這么高的恐懼開始消失，取而代之的是一種最奇妙的感覺，那就是我在飛翔。在大地之上翱翔，在云中航行)”和第二段最后四句“And suddenly I got dizzy and weak. I was miles off the ground! But the kite was still beyond my reach. I caught my breath and forced myself to concentrate on the kite as I climbed up.(突然間，我感到頭暈和虛弱。我離地好幾英里了！但是風(fēng)箏還是夠不著。我屏住呼吸，強(qiáng)迫自己集中精力在風(fēng)箏上)”可推知，作者的登山經(jīng)歷驚險(xiǎn)而有益。故選C。
【26題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“I never got over the view. I kept thinking of what it felt like to be up so high in that tree. I wanted to see it, to feel it, again. And again.(我從來沒有欣賞過這里的景色。我一直在想站在那么高的樹上是什么感覺。我想再次看到它，感受它。一次又一次)”和第七段最后一句“The view from my sycamore was more than rooftops and clouds and wind and colors combined.(從我的梧桐樹上看到的不僅僅是屋頂、云、風(fēng)和色彩的結(jié)合)”可知，作者喜歡站在高高的樹上是因?yàn)樗梢孕蕾p到更多的美景。故選D。
【27題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“When I was little, my dad would let me sit beside him on the porch while he painted. He would tell me how the cow by itself is just a cow, and the meadow by itself is just grass and flowers, and the sun peeking through the trees is just a beam of light, but put them all together and you’ve got magic.(當(dāng)我還小的時(shí)候，我爸爸會(huì)讓我坐在他旁邊的門廊上，讓他畫畫。他會(huì)告訴我，奶牛本身就是一頭牛，草地本身就是草和花，從樹叢中透出的陽光只是一束光，但把它們放在一起，你就會(huì)看到魔法)”和最后一段“It was magic.(這是魔法)”可推知，作者想要表達(dá)的是整體大于各部分的總和。故選D。
C
Newspapers, advertisements, and labels surround us everywhere, turning our environment into a mass of texts to be read or ignored. As the quantity of information we receive continually increases and as information spreading is shifting from page to screen, it may be time to ask how changes in our way of reading may affect our mental life. For how we receive information bears vitally on the ways we experience and interpret reality.
What is most obvious in the evolution of reading is the gradual displacement of the vertical (垂直的) by the horizontal—a shift from intensive to extensive reading. In our culture, access is not a problem, but proliferation (激增) is. And the reading act is necessarily different than it was in its earliest days. Awed by the availability of texts, the reader tends to move across surfaces without allowing the words to resonate (共鳴) inwardly.
Interestingly, this shift from vertical to horizontal parallels the overall societal shift from bounded lifetimes spent in single locales to lives lived in wider geographical areas amid streams of data. This larger access was once regarded as worldliness—one traveled, knew the life of cities, the ways of diverse people…. It has now become the birthright of anyone who owns a television set.
How do we square the advantages and disadvantages of horizontal and vertical awareness? The villagers, who know everything about their surroundings, are blessedly unaware of events in distant lands. The media-obsessed urbanites, by contrast, never lose their awareness of what happens in different parts of the world.
We may ask, which people are happier? The villagers may have found more sense in things owing both to the limited range of their concern and the depth on their information. But restricted conditions and habit also suggest boredom and limitation. The lack of a larger perspective (視角) leads to suspiciousness and cautious conservatism, but for the same reason, the constant availability of data and macro-perspectives has its own decreasing returns. When everything is happening everywhere, it gets harder to care about anything.
How do we assign value? Where do we find the fixed context that allows us to create a narrative of sense about our lives? Ideally, I suppose, one would have the best of both worlds—the purposeful fixity of the local, as well as the availability of enhancing views: a natural ecology of information and context.
28. What can we learn about the first two paragraphs?
A. Readers today tend to ignore deep engagement with texts.
B. It’s difficult to shift from vertical to horizontal reading.
C. Where and how we read texts shapes our mental life.
D. People are tired of information proliferation.
29. According to the passage, villagers .
A. have a deeper understanding of their surroundings
B. show no interest in what happens in the world
C. are less bored than media-obsessed urbanites
D. cannot adapt to changing situations
30. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Vertical awareness allows us to care about others.
B. Changes in our reading habits lead to the societal shift.
C. It’s wise to keep a balance between a local and a global view.
D. Horizontal reading affects our mindset more than vertical reading.
【答案】28. A 29. A 30. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。隨著我們接收到的信息量不斷增加，隨著信息傳播從頁面轉(zhuǎn)移到屏幕，是時(shí)候問一下我們閱讀方式的變化會(huì)如何影響我們的精神生活了。
【28題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Newspapers, advertisements, and labels surround us everywhere, turning our environment into a mass of texts to be read or ignored.（報(bào)紙、廣告和標(biāo)簽無處不在，把我們的環(huán)境變成了一大堆可以閱讀或忽略的文本。）”以及第二段“Awed by the availability of texts, the reader tends to move across surfaces without allowing the words to resonate(共鳴) inwardly. (由于對(duì)文本的可用性感到敬畏，讀者傾向于在表面上移動(dòng)，而不允許文字在內(nèi)心產(chǎn)生共鳴。)”可知，今天的讀者往往忽略了與文本的深度接觸。故選A。
【29題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“The villagers, who know everything about their surroundings, are blessedly unaware of events in distant lands.（村民們對(duì)周圍的一切都了如指掌，幸運(yùn)的是，他們對(duì)遙遠(yuǎn)的地方發(fā)生的事情一無所知。）”可知，村民們 對(duì)周圍環(huán)境有更深入的了解。故選A。
【30題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“How do we assign value? Where do we find the fixed context that allows us to create a narrative of sense about our lives? Ideally, I suppose, one would have the best of both worlds—the purposeful fixity of the local, as well as the availability of enhancing views: a natural ecology of information and context.（我們?nèi)绾钨x值?我們?cè)谀睦镎业揭粋€(gè)固定的環(huán)境，讓我們能夠創(chuàng)造一種關(guān)于我們生活的感覺?我想，最理想的情況是，一個(gè)人將擁有兩全其美的一面——有目的的固定的地方，以及增強(qiáng)視野的可用性：信息和環(huán)境的自然生態(tài)。）”可知，在本地視角和全球視角之間保持平衡是明智的。故選C。
D
Coastal cities worldwide are squeezed by two opposing forces: urban sprawl (擴(kuò)張) and the rising sea. This struggle is intensely visible in the flatlands where expanding neighborhoods routinely flood and saltwater flooding damages the river mouths that protect communities from the worst of our climate crisis.
Massive resources are being put into environmental restoration projects and development is subject to many layers of approvals. Yet in 2022 the commissioners of a coastal city voted to expand a legal boundary that contains sprawl to allow a 400-acre warehouse project. They are failing to see the value of this land in the greater ecosystem.
Wetlands, coastal plains and forests do cheaply (or even for free) what seawalls and pumps do at a cost of billions of dollars. They are vital infrastructure (基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) that makes us more resilient against climate change, and the cost of destroying them or weakening their ability to function must be factored into the decisions we make to build and grow.
To do so, the economic incentives to develop any natural landscape should be weighed against the protective economic value that land already provides. Economists call this an “avoided damage” valuation. Local planning boards might consider the value of a sand dune or swamp in flood protection versus the expense of replacing it with a seawall and water pump system. Maintaining and restoring natural infrastructure to support healthy functioning saves money, time and lives.
The concept of “natural capital”, or the idea that ecosystem services should be valued in a similar manner as any form of wealth, dates back to the 1970s. Markets have always valued wood as a commodity (商品), for example, but not the services that came along with producing it, such as soil maintenance, carbon storage, and nutrient cycling. We didn’t need a market for resources that industrialists saw as abundant (豐富的) and endlessly renewable. This exploitative (開發(fā)資源的) assumption turned out to be very wrong. Failing to measure the benefits of ecosystem services in policy and management decisions is a major reason many of those ecosystems disappeared.
It also seems crass to place a dollar amount on ecosystems that we’d rather view as priceless, existing for their own sake and valuable to humans in ways that are beyond capitalism. This preciousness is ethically sound. But developers have long confused pricelessness with worthlessness, allowing them to profit without paying for the consequences of destroying the environment.
Economic value is never the only reason nature is worth preserving; it is simply a powerful, underused tool to help us make decisions about how to live more sustainably in a climate-changed world. If policy makers considered natural infrastructure in the language of economics, they might recognize just how deeply we rely on it.
31. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The consequences of the saltwater flooding.
B The cause of the urban sprawl and the rising sea.
C. An approval to an environmental restoration project.
D. The problem caused by the expansion of coastal cities
32. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The idea of natural capital can enhance the profit of commodity.
B. The economic growth boosts the protection of natural landscape.
C. The abundance of resources is not the reason for devaluing them.
D. The exploitation of nature reflects the “avoided damage” valuation.
33. What does the underlined word “crass” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?
A. Inadvisable. B. Beneficial.
C. Relevant. D. Unrealistic.
34. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To appeal for stricter control over city scale.
B. To propose the use of nature as infrastructure.
C. To stress the importance of ecosystem services.
D. To promote public awareness of nature protection.
【答案】31. D 32. C 33. A 34. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，主要論述的是自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)作為基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的意義和重要性。
【31題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“Coastal cities worldwide are squeezed by two opposing forces: urban sprawl (擴(kuò)張) and the rising sea. This struggle is intensely visible in the flatlands where expanding neighborhoods routinely flood and saltwater flooding damages the river mouths that protect communities from the worst of our climate crisis.(世界各地的沿海城市都受到兩股對(duì)立力量的擠壓:城市擴(kuò)張和海平面上升。這種斗爭在平原上尤為明顯，那里不斷擴(kuò)張的社區(qū)經(jīng)常發(fā)生洪水和鹽水洪水，破壞了保護(hù)社區(qū)免受最嚴(yán)重氣候危機(jī)影響的河口。)”和第二段的“Yet in 2022 the commissioners of a coastal city voted to expand a legal boundary that contains sprawl to allow a 400-acre warehouse project. They are failing to see the value of this land in the greater ecosystem.(然而，在2022年，一個(gè)沿海城市的專員投票決定擴(kuò)大法律邊界，允許一個(gè)400英畝的倉庫項(xiàng)目。他們沒有看到這片土地在更大的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的價(jià)值。)”可知，前兩段主要講的是沿海城市擴(kuò)張?jiān)斐傻膯栴}。故選D。
【32題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“It also seems crass to place a dollar amount on ecosystems that we’d rather view as priceless, existing for their own sake and valuable to humans in ways that are beyond capitalism. This preciousness is ethically sound. But developers have long confused pricelessness with worthlessness, allowing them to profit without paying for the consequences of destroying the environment.(在我們寧愿視為無價(jià)之寶的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)上投入一美元似乎也是不明智的，這些生態(tài)系統(tǒng)因其自身而存在，對(duì)人類的價(jià)值超越了資本主義。這種珍貴在倫理上是合理的。但長期以來，開發(fā)商一直把無價(jià)之寶和毫無價(jià)值混為一談，這使得他們可以在不為破壞環(huán)境的后果買單的情況下獲利。)”可知，資源豐富并不是使其貶值的理由。故選C。
【33題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“place a dollar amount on ecosystems that we’d rather view as priceless, existing for their own sake and valuable to humans in ways that are beyond capitalism(在我們寧愿視為無價(jià)之寶的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)上投入一美元，這些生態(tài)系統(tǒng)因其自身而存在，對(duì)人類的價(jià)值超越了資本主義)”可知，在我們寧愿視為無價(jià)之寶的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)上投入一美元是不明智的，劃線詞意為“不明智的，愚蠢的”，和inadvisable意思相近，故選A。
【34題詳解】
推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段的“If policy makers considered natural infrastructure in the language of economics, they might recognize just how deeply we rely on it.(如果政策制定者用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的語言來考慮自然基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，他們可能會(huì)意識(shí)到我們對(duì)它的依賴程度有多深。)”可知，本文主要論述的是自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)作為基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的意義和重要性，因此本文主要目的是建議利用自然作為基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。故選B。
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
The term “growth mindset” has become something of a buzzword in our life. You can find it everywhere you look—in the seminars of motivational speakers, in the education course descriptions, and in the mission statements of companies.____35____
One of the biggest misconceptions about growth mindset is that it is the same thing as being open-minded in your beliefs. This is untrue. Being open-minded in your beliefs is often the belief on what true growth mindset is, but this is actually called “false growth mindset” in the research community.____36____What this means is that they have a fixed belief on their intelligence level, which is exactly what a fixed mindset is. They believe that they are growing, when in reality they are not.
Being open-minded to other people’s beliefs and new things is great, but it does not mean that you are actually learning anything. Furthermore, there is no way to ever have a truly complete growth mindset.____37____It is important that you accept this and embrace it, while still desiring to experience growth anyway. This is the only way you can truly foster as m’ of a growth mindset as humanly possible.
____38____Unproductive efforts that are merely done for the reward or outcome are not considered to be growth mindset. True growth mindset has nothing to do with reward or outcome. Rather, it is based entirely on the learning and growing process itself. When you are invested in a growth mindset, you are invested in the process regardless of the outcome.
____39____You cannot simply “have” a growth mindset. You have to want one, and invest in having one. Understanding the truth about growth mindset will enable you to understand exactly how this trait can assist you in life.
A. Mindset is a lot harder than “just do it”.
B. It is virtually impossible, as we are all fixed in some way or another.
C. Another false belief is that growth mindset is about rewarded efforts.
D. A second misconception is that people’s motivation comes from the process.
E. But despite its popularity, some people don’t understand what it actually means.
F. This is essentially people who have an “I already have it, and I always have” attitude.
G. Growth mindset assists people in having greater results from what they set out to accomplish.
【答案】35. E 36. F 37. B 38. C 39. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是成長型思維模式以及對(duì)成長型思維模式的誤解。
【35題詳解】
空前“You can find it everywhere you look—in the seminars of motivational speakers, in the education course descriptions, and in the mission statements of companies.(你可以在任何地方找到它——在勵(lì)志演說家的研討會(huì)上，在教育課程的描述中，在公司的使命宣言中。)”講述成長性思維這個(gè)說法無處不在，很受歡迎，下一段“One of the biggest misconceptions about growth mindset is that it is the same thing as being open-minded in your beliefs.(關(guān)于成長型思維模式的最大誤解之一是，它與你的信仰持開放態(tài)度是一回事。)”說明很多人不理解成長型思維模式的真正含義，E選項(xiàng)“But despite its popularity, some people don’t understand what it actually means.(盡管它很受歡迎，但有些人并不理解它的真正含義。)”說明很多人不理解成長型思維模式的真正含義，因此承上啟下，符合語境，故選E。
【36題詳解】
空前“Being open-minded in your beliefs is often the belief on what true growth mindset is, but this is actually called “false growth mindset” in the research community.(對(duì)你的信仰持開放態(tài)度通常是對(duì)什么是真正的成長型思維模式的信念，但這實(shí)際上在研究界被稱為“錯(cuò)誤的成長型思維模式”。)”講述對(duì)你的信仰持開放態(tài)度是錯(cuò)誤的成長型思維模式，空后“What this means is that they have a fixed belief on their intelligence level, which is exactly what a fixed mindset is. They believe that they are growing, when in reality they are not.(這意味著他們對(duì)自己的智力水平有一個(gè)固定的信念，這就是固定思維模式。他們認(rèn)為自己在成長，而實(shí)際上并沒有。)”講述錯(cuò)誤的成長型思維模式的表現(xiàn)，因此空格處應(yīng)該也是介紹錯(cuò)誤的成長型思維模式，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“This is essentially people who have an “I already have it, and I always have” attitude.(這類人本質(zhì)上是一種“我已經(jīng)擁有了，而且我一直都有”的態(tài)度。)”承上啟下，符合語境，故選F。
【37題詳解】
空前說“Being open-minded to other people’s beliefs and new things is great, but it does not mean that you are actually learning anything. Furthermore, there is no way to ever have a truly complete growth mindset.(對(duì)別人的信仰和新事物持開放的態(tài)度是很好的，但這并不意味著你真的學(xué)到了什么。此外，沒有辦法擁有一個(gè)真正完整的成長型思維模式。)”，說明人不能擁有一個(gè)真正完整的成長型思維模式，B選項(xiàng)“It is virtually impossible, as we are all fixed in some way or another.(這實(shí)際上是不可能的，因?yàn)槲覀兌家赃@樣或那樣的方式被固定住了。)”解釋不能擁有一個(gè)真正完整的成長型思維模式的原因是我們被固定住了，符合語境，與上文是因果關(guān)系。故選B。
【38題詳解】
空后“Unproductive efforts that are merely done for the reward or outcome are not considered to be growth mindset. True growth mindset has nothing to do with reward or outcome.(僅僅為了回報(bào)或結(jié)果而做出的非生產(chǎn)性努力不被認(rèn)為是成長型思維模式。真正的成長型思維模式與回報(bào)或結(jié)果無關(guān)。)”說明的是對(duì)成長型思維模式的另一個(gè)誤解，成長型思維模式與回報(bào)或結(jié)果有關(guān)，C選項(xiàng)“Another false belief is that growth mindset is about rewarded efforts.(另一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的信念是，成長型思維模式是關(guān)于有回報(bào)的努力。)”說明了另一個(gè)誤解是成長型思維模式是關(guān)于有回報(bào)的努力，符合語境，下文對(duì)前文進(jìn)行具體的解析。故選C。
【39題詳解】
空后說“You cannot simply “have” a growth mindset. You have to want one, and invest in having one.(你不能簡單地“擁有”成長型思維模式。你必須想要并為擁有一個(gè)（成長型思維）而投資。)”說明擁有成長型思維沒有那么簡單，因此成長型思維不是說做就做得到的，你必須為之努力，A選項(xiàng)“Mindset is a lot harder than “just do it”.(思維模式比“說做就做”要難得多。)”說明了思維模式很難獲得，引起下文，符合語境，故選A。
第三部分 書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)
第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。
Brain, 58, was treated in intensive care for a severe case. As soon as his condition had stabilized, he was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.
“Every day I would input my vital signs on the app,” Brain said. “If anything went wrong or wasn’t right, a nurse would call me straight away.”
Brain spent six weeks on this “virtual ward (病房)”, run by his local NHS hospital in partnership with Doccla, a healthcare technology company. He is one of thousands of patients to have been treated in new “hospitals at home”, seen by NHS leaders as a “l(fā)ifeline” for overwhelmed hospitals that have run out of beds. 2,500 virtual ward beds were already in use, ensuring that people could “get the care they need from their own homes”.
Retz, founder of Docile, said soon there could be “regional command centers”, where a doctor or nurse monitored data from hundreds of patients displayed on a dashboard. “It works in a similar way to traditional ward rounds in a hospital, with patients submitting data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor,” he said.
Noel O’Kelly, clinical director at Spirit Health, said, “Older people want to spend as little time in hospital as possible and avoid hospital visits, particularly as frequent visits and long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to the health of older patients. We have already seen very encouraging results from the use of virtual wards for older patients.”
Virtual wards allow real potential to support people to recover well in the community. The model is not a silver bullet and health leaders are mindful that it should not worsen health inequalities, but it could present a vital lifeline for the system.
40. How was Brain treated after his condition stabilized?
_______________________________________________________________________
41. What do “regional command centers” and traditional ward rounds have in common?
_______________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
> Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because medical resources in hospitals are limited.
_______________________________________________________________________
43. Besides what’s mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think virtual hospitals may have? (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________________
【答案】40 He was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.
41. Patients submit data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor.
42. Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because medical resources in hospitals are limited.
According to the passage, older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to their health.
43. 言之有理即可。I think virtual wards can improve the quality of life for older people because living at home can ensure that they eat better and participate in normal social interaction.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹的是虛擬病房的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
【40題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段的“As soon as his condition had stabilized, he was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.(病情一穩(wěn)定，他就帶著手機(jī)和血壓計(jì)等設(shè)備被送回家。)”可知，他被送回家時(shí)帶著包括電話和血壓計(jì)在內(nèi)的設(shè)備。故答案為He was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.
【41題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的“It works in a similar way to traditional ward rounds in a hospital, with patients submitting data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor(它的工作方式與醫(yī)院的傳統(tǒng)查房類似，患者每天提交一到兩次數(shù)據(jù)，由醫(yī)生審查)”可知，“區(qū)域指揮中心”和傳統(tǒng)的查房的共同之處在于患者每天提交一到兩次數(shù)據(jù)，由醫(yī)生審查。故答案為Patients submit data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor.
【42題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Older people want to spend as little time in hospital as possible and avoid hospital visits, particularly as frequent visits and long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to the health of older patients.(老年人希望盡可能少地住院，避免去醫(yī)院，尤其是頻繁的住院和長時(shí)間的住院會(huì)損害老年患者的健康。)”可知，老年人希望少住院的原因是因?yàn)殚L時(shí)間住院不利于身體健康，而不是因?yàn)獒t(yī)院的醫(yī)療資源有限，故答案為Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because medical resources in hospitals are limited. According to the passage, older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to their health.
【43題詳解】
考查推理判斷。言之有理即可。根據(jù)文章可知，我認(rèn)為虛擬病房可以提高老年人的生活質(zhì)量，因?yàn)樵诩揖幼】梢源_保老年人吃得更好，也可參加正常的社交。故答案為I think virtual wards can improve the quality of life for older people because living at home can ensure that they eat better and participate in normal social interaction.
第二節(jié)(20分)
44. 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國好友Jim來信詢問你畢業(yè)后的暑期安排。請(qǐng)你用英文給他寫一封電子郵件，談?wù)勀愕拇蛩慵霸颉?br /> 注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右；
2. 開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim
How is everything going? I’d like to share with you my plans for the upcoming summer vacation.
First, I’m going to take a trip with my parents. It’s a great way to unwind and recharge after a year of hard work. Moreover, we can explore breathtaking scenery and spend quality time together during the journey.
Learning some new skills is also on my agenda. Passionate about programming, I’m planning to attend relevant online courses to take my programming skills to the next level, which will be beneficial for my future major.
I just can’t wait to kick off my summer vacation! Have you got any vacation plans yet? Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文，要求考生給英國好友Jim寫封電子郵件，談?wù)勀惝厴I(yè)后暑期安排。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
即將到來的：upcoming→forthcoming
另外：moreover→besides
相關(guān)的：relevant→related
有用的：beneficial→helpful
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復(fù)合句
原句：I’d like to share with you my plans for the upcoming summer vacation.
拓展句：I’d like to share with you my plans for the summer vacation which is drawing near.
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1] Learning some new skills is also on my agenda. (運(yùn)用了動(dòng)名詞作主語)
[高分句型2] Passionate about programming, I’m planning to attend relevant online courses to take my programming skills to the next level, which will be beneficial for my future major. (運(yùn)用了形容詞作狀語和which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句)


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