?2022北京西城高一（下）期末
英 語(yǔ)
本試卷共16頁(yè)，共140分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)120分鐘。
考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷(共75分)
Ⅰ.聽(tīng)力理解（共三節(jié)，22.5分）
第一節(jié):(共4小題;每小題1.5分，共6分)
聽(tīng)下面四段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。每段對(duì)話你將聽(tīng)一遍。
1. When will the speakers have dinner together?
A. On Wednesday. B. On Thursday. C. On Friday.
2. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. In a restaurant. B. In a hotel. C. In a store.
3. What will the speakers do next?
A. Play table tennis. B. Buy a table tennis bat. C. Book a table tennis room.
4. How does the man feel?
A. Strange. B. Tired. C. Disappointed.
第二節(jié):（共6小題；每小題1.5分，共9分）
聽(tīng)下面三段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有兩道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。每段對(duì)話你將聽(tīng)兩遍。
聽(tīng)第5段材料，回答第5至第6小題。
5. What does the man have to do today?
A. See a doctor. B. Have a meeting. C. Visit a lawyer.
6. What does the woman offer to do for the man?
A. Sign a few papers. B. Make an appointment. C. Answer his phone calls.
聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第7至第8小題。
7. What is the woman doing?
A. Asking for advice. B. Giving an introduction. C. Conducting an interview.
8. When does the man buy a book from a bookstore?
A. When the book is on sale.
B. When there are new fiction books.
C. When the book is popular on the Internet.
聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第9至第10小題。
9. How many lectures does the man have to attend every week?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three.
10. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Rules of the office. B. Notice of the exam. C. Course requirements.
第三節(jié)：（共5小題；每小題1.5分，共7.5分）
聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，根據(jù)題目要求在相應(yīng)的橫線上寫下第11題至第15題的關(guān)鍵信息。每小題僅填寫一個(gè)詞。這段獨(dú)白你將聽(tīng)兩遍。
How to Be a Green Traveller
Make sure your home is ___11___ efficient.
● Turn off all the ___12___
● Unplug electrical devices
___13___ carefully about your mode of transport.
● Take a train or boat to your destination
● ___14___ when you go sightseeing
Help preserve places of interest.
● Help ensure the landmarks remain for generations to come
● Remind visitors of the importance of saving the ___15___ world
Ⅱ.完形填空（共15小題；每小題1.5分，共22.5分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
A man in California survived a five-hour night swim, thanks to the ____1____ of a friendly seal.
Scott Thompson, a boater from Southern California, was out on his boat. After realizing the weather wasn’t favorable, he turned the boat back towards land.
Soon after, something ____2____ happened. The boat was rocked by the wavy water and Scott got ____3____ out of the boat. The engines continued to run, moving the boat farther and farther away from him, which made it ____4____ to swim back to it. He watched his boat ____5____ in the middle of the icy Santa Barbara Channel.
Lost at sea, with no land in ____6____, Thompson was sure these were his ____7____ moments on earth. However, thoughts of his family helped him find the ____8____ to survive. “Just keep ____9____, and you will get home to your family,” Thompson kept telling himself. “Just imagining my girls and my son growing up without me, and my wife not having a husband to support her, I couldn’t _____10_____.
All of a sudden, he heard a big splash (拍水聲). It was a medium-sized harbor seal that Thompson described as “an angel” that came to help him. “The seal would come up and _____11_____ me, like a dog comes up and pushes your leg.” Thompson said. It was a sense of _____12_____, Thompson recalled, knowing that he wasn’t alone on this heroic journey.
Being pushed along by the seal, Thompson felt _____13_____ to swim to the nearest oil platform, which was far but closer than land. With the _____14_____ of the seal, he swam through the dark, freezing water for five hours, until he managed to reach an oil platform. People aboard the oil platform offered aid. They rushed him to a hospital where Thompson was treated and recovered a few days later.
While the thought of his _____15_____ motivated him to keep going, Thompson said that he would not have endured through the pain if it hadn’t been for the seal swimming alongside him.
1. A. recognition B. encouragement C. respect D. trust
2. A. unexpected B. common C. confusing D. funny
3. A. kicked B. locked C. chased D. knocked
4. A. easy B. unnecessary C. impossible D. safe
5. A. disappear B. stop C. ground D. sink
6. A. space B. mind C. line D. sight
7. A. spare B. final C. exciting D. private
8. A. tool B. way C. will D. skill
9. A. swimming B. calling C. watching D. practicing
10. A. break in B. show up C. slow down D. give up
11. A. greet B. push C. lift D. take
12. A. duty B. hope C. curiosity D. wonder
13. A. determined B. satisfied C. honored D. amused
14. A. task B. cost C. company D. arrival
15. A. pets B. friends C. family D. boat
Ⅲ.閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）
閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Summertime, i.e. vacation season, is quickly approaching. And whether your ideal getaway is R&R on the beach, outdoor adventuring, or exploring a new city, it pays to plan.
I’d love to get away. How do I save for a vacation?
You’re not alone. One study says 71% of Americans are planning to take a trip for leisure in 2022. And they’re planning on spending 29% more than they did pre-pandemic in 2019. But you don’t have to go broke (身無(wú)分文) to get a break. Before you even start planning your travel, here’s how to make the trip you’ve been waiting for a reality.
● Make a sinking fund. These funds are where you set aside money with an intention to spend it on a big goal.
● Timing is everything. Research the cheapest places to go when the temperature rises, and plan accordingly. You’ll also get more bang for your buck by checking out destinations with a favorable exchange rate. For somewhere further east, your dollars will go far in Thailand or the Philippines.
● Book smart. Renting a home is often a better deal than booking a hotel. Not only will you save on the price tag, but you can cook instead of eating out for every meal.
How do I keep saving while I’m on vacation?
True story: travel doesn’t feel like real life, so it’s easier to splurge (揮霍). And if you’re visiting a popular tourist location, everything costs more. Here’s how to see the sights without losing sight of your budget.
● Set a daily spending limit and track what you buy to avoid overdoing it. Using cash or a prepaid debit card instead of a credit card can also help.
● Food is a money vampire. If you have access to a kitchen where you’re staying, make breakfast, pack lunch, and cook dinner when you can. If not, hit up a supermarket or farmer’s market for an easy, cheap breakfast. And when you do eat out, go for lunch or appetizers, where the menu items tend to be less expensive.
16. According to the passage, which of the following may help make your dream trip a reality?
A. Preparing enough fast food. B. Borrowing money from friends.
C. Researching the cheapest places to go. D. Carrying credit cards from different banks.
17. To keep saving while on vacation, you’d better ________.
A. go out for meals B. avoid using cash
C. set a daily spending limit D. visit popular tourist locations
18. What’s the purpose of the passage?
A. To help travellers save money. B. To report some survey results.
C. To advertise some tourist attractions. D. To compare different travel plans.
B
Rhiannon Menn is the founder of Lasagna Love, a global nonprofit that connects neighbors through homemade meal delivery. In March 2020, her San Diego community shut down because of the pandemic. She and her husband own a design and build company, but their projects were put on hold. Rhiannon felt helpless and wondered what she could do to be useful. It didn’t take her long to decide.
“Cooking is my happy place,” she says. She ordered groceries online and got to work. She and her daughter, Cimorene, then three, made extra pans of lasagna, and Rhiannon posted in a local moms’ group on Facebook, offering to drop off a free home-cooked meal to anyone who wanted one. Some people requested a meal. Even more wanted to help Rhiannon feed those who were struggling.
Rhiannon created a spreadsheet for each volunteer, matching them with families who’d requested a meal. Word of what she was doing spread quickly on social media. “By summer, we had more than 100 volunteer chefs,” she says. Too many for one person to track. Someone offered to create an online portal (門戶網(wǎng)站) to manage the volunteers and meal requests. This automated system freed Rhiannon to do what she really loves: cook and reach people in need.
For Rhiannon, lasagna is the best comfort food. But it’s about more than just food. “Our volunteers deliver a sense of hope with the meal,” she says. “We want people to know that a stranger cared enough about them to make them a meal. Kindness is contagious (傳染性的), and it can transform communities.”
Lasagna Love currently has 25,000 volunteers—or Lasagna Chefs, as they’re called—across the United States, Canada and Australia, who have delivered more than 150,000 meals to families in their communities. “This movement has given me purpose in a way I didn’t have before,” Rhiannon says.
In her home, cooking is a family event. Cimorene, now five, has gotten good at layering the noodles. Rhiannon also has a three-year-old son and an 11-month-old baby boy. “I love that my kids are learning the importance of helping others,” she says.
Volunteer chefs log in to the portal and input how many meals they’d like to deliver that week. The system matches them with nearby families requesting a meal, and the volunteer texts the family to set up a delivery time. The meals are dropped off on doorsteps for contact-free delivery.
The organization is called Lasagna Love, but volunteers can deliver any home-cooked meal they’d like. Rhiannon’s recipe is her own take on lasagna, made healthier with grated zucchini and yellow squash. “I’ve shared my recipe, but volunteers are welcome to use their own recipes for any dishes they’d like to make,” she says.
19. Why did Rhiannon start Lasagna Love?
A. To help struggling neighbors. B. To fight against the pandemic.
C. To help their design and build company. D. To improve her neighbors’ cooking skills.
20. What can we know about the volunteers in Lasagna Love?
A. They are trained by experienced chefs.
B. They deliver their own meals to people in need.
C. They search for families in need by themselves.
D. They all follow Rhiannon’s recipe to make lasagna.
21. We can infer from the passage that Rhiannon ________.
A. had no purpose in life before
B. is too busy to deliver meals now
C. likes posting her meals on social media
D. has set a good example for her children
22. Which of the following words best describe Rhiannon?
A. Helpful and humorous. B. Honest and successful.
C. Kind-hearted and generous. D. Hardworking and ambitious.
C
Horseshoe crabs are often called living fossils. These primitive arthropods have lived on earth for 360 million years, largely in the same form as they appear today. Despite their long history, the horseshoe crab’s existence is now threatened by human activities, including harvesting for medical research.
Any time a foreign object or substance enters the human body, there’s a risk of introducing infection. If you’ve had a vaccination, a surgery of any kind, or had a medical device implanted in your body, you owe your very survival to the horseshoe crab.
Horseshoe crabs have copper-rich blood that appears to be striking blue in color. Proteins in the horseshoe crab’s blood cells are released in response to even the smallest amount of bacterial endotoxin (內(nèi)毒素), such as E. coli. The presence of bacteria causes horseshoe crab blood to clot or gel, part of its hypersensitive immune response system.
In the 1960s, two researchers, Frederick Bang and Jack Levin, developed a method of using these coagulation (凝固) factors to test for contamination (污染) of medical devices. By the 1970s, their Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test was being used commercially to make sure everything from scalpels (手術(shù)刀) to artificial hips (髖關(guān)節(jié)) is safe for introduction in the human body.
While such testing is crucial to safe medical treatments, the practice takes a toll on horseshoe crab populations. Horseshoe crab blood is in high demand, and the medical testing industry catches as many as 500,000 horseshoe crabs each year to drain them of their blood. The crabs aren’t killed outright in the process; they’re caught, bled, and released. But biologists suspect the stress results in a percentage of the released horseshoe crabs dying once back in the water. Fortunately, management practices are in place now to protect the species.
In addition to their value in medical research, horseshoe crabs fill important ecological roles. Their smooth, wide shells provide the perfect substrate (基質(zhì)) for many other marine organisms to live on. As it moves along the ocean’s bottom, a horseshoe crab may be carrying mussels, barnacles, tube worms, sea lettuce, sponges, and even oysters. Horseshoe crabs deposit their eggs by the thousands along sandy shorelines, and many migratory shorebirds, including red knots, rely on these eggs as a source of fuel during their long flights.
23. What feature of horseshoe crabs helps save lives?
A. They can improve their immune system. B. Their blood is sensitive to bacteria.
C. They have copper-rich blood cells. D. Their blood is striking blue.
24. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase “take a toll on” in Paragraph 5?
A. Make use of. B. Do harm to. C. Run out of. D. Contribute to.
25. How are the ecological roles of horseshoe crabs explained in the last paragraph?
A. By giving examples. B. By making a comparison.
C. By quoting experts. D. By offering a definition.
26. On which type of website can we possibly read this passage?
A. Science. B. Travel. C. Business. D. Life.
D
Chemists have spent the past century trying to make plastics that will break down in seawater. As it is, most plastics appear to take centuries to fully degrade in the ocean. But that may change. Scientists have just designed a new plastic that can break down in seawater within weeks, not decades or more.
Back in the 1930s, scientists created a now-popular plastic out of corn and potato starch (淀粉). It’s known as polylactide, or PLA. It’s a polymer (聚合物), which is a molecule made by linking many building blocks — called monomers — into a long string. Scientists had hoped PLA would quickly break down in the environment. And in some places, like compost pits (堆肥坑), it does. But not in seawater. Even after three years in ocean water, PLA remains largely unchanged.
Timo Rheinberger is a PhD student at the University of Twente in the Netherlands. His work on polymers has focused on boosting PLA’s breakdown. As part of that work, he became part of a team that just added some RNA-inspired breaking points to PLA. They put those breaking points in places where monomers in the PLA molecules are linked.
They weakened the links that joined up to 15 percent of a PLA’s monomers. Then, they soaked their samples in artificial seawater and measured how fast these tweaked versions of PLA broke down. The expected final product of PLA’s breakdown was a small molecule called lactic acid. So, they tested for that too.
As the team had hoped, seawater attacked the weakened links between monomers, splitting the polymer chain apart. The more breaking points the researchers added to the polymer, the faster the PLA broke down.
When they weakened 15 percent of PLA’s monomer links, the polymer broke down entirely within just two weeks. When they weakened only 3 percent of the links, the breakdown took about 2 years. This suggests the team can design how quickly PLA will break down in water by adjusting how many weakened links it has.
Mehlika Karamanlioglu teaches biomedical engineering at Istanbul Gelisim University. She, too, has studied environmental breakdown of PLA. “It’s a new approach,” she says of the Dutch technique. Theirs is also “a preliminary study,” Karamanlioglu says. So, more testing must follow. Scientists want to know how the strength of the new PLA compares to old PLA.
Rheinberger agrees. “You need a lot of material to start those studies,” he adds. And so far, his team has made only small amounts of the modified PLA.
Karamanlioglu notes the Dutch team also tested the breakdown of its PLA in artificial seawater. “I wonder if they checked [the water] for pollution,” she adds. If there were microbes (微生物), those microbes may have produced molecules called enzymes that sped up the PLA’s degradation.
27. What can we learn about PLA from the passage?
A. Lactic acid prevents the breakdown of PLA.
B. PLA breaks down faster in artificial seawater.
C. PLA’s breakdown relies on that of monomers.
D. Compost pits are the best places for PLA’s breakdown.
28. What does the underlined word “preliminary” in Paragraph 7 probably mean?
A. Systematic. B. Comparative. C. In-depth. D. Early-stage.
29. What is Mehlika’s attitude towards the findings of the Dutch team?
A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Cautious.
30. What can be learned from the last three paragraphs?
A. Mehlika is confident about the application of the new PLA.
B. The cleanness of water also affects the breakdown of PLA.
C. The new PLA has better strength than the old PLA.
D. The new PLA have been produced in large amounts.
第Ⅱ卷（共65分）
Ⅰ.選詞填空（共7小題；每小題2分，共14分）
用方框中單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子,每個(gè)單詞只能用一次。
month effect relax limit harm talent perform
31. People feel more ________ when wearing casual clothes.
32. The actors are just amazing. They are all very ________.
33. Doctors have warned against the ________ effects of smoking.
34. Your ________ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
35. The advertisement was simple but remarkably ________.
36. These machines have to be checked ________.
37. We are doing our best with the ________ resources available.
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）
在未給提示詞的空白處填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
38. Roots＆Shoots is an institute ________ (establish) in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
39. Beijing Opera is one of China’s national ________. (treasure) （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
40. A 19-meter sperm whale ________ (rescue) from the shores of Xiangshan county in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, on April 20. （所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空）
41. The Shenzhou XIV crew ________ (meet) another three astronauts from the Shenzhou XV mission in December, 2022. （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
42. More expressways will be built soon ________ (promote) the local economy. （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
43. Tu Youyou is the scientist ________ discovery has led to the development of new drugs which have saved millions of lives. （用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）
44. We all know that there are various types of pollution around us, ________ may cause different kinds of environmental problems. （用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）
45. —Why didn’t I see you at Jim’s birthday party last night?
—I ________ (receive) a call from my boss, telling me to do some extra paperwork. （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
46. ________(land) on the moon’s far side is extremely challenging. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
47. This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
Ⅲ.完成句子（共5小題;第63、64題每題2分,第65、66、67題每題3分,共13分）
根據(jù)括號(hào)中所給提示完成下列句子。
48. 我希望能在你們的幫助下取得很大的進(jìn)步。(make progress)（漢譯英）
49. 地球的主要能源來(lái)自太陽(yáng)。 (come from) （漢譯英）
50. 綠色生活就是與自然和諧相處。(in harmony with) （漢譯英）
51. 減少污染的一個(gè)好方法是改變我們的生活習(xí)慣。(change one’s living habits) （漢譯英）
52. 我認(rèn)為與自己的弱點(diǎn)作斗爭(zhēng)的人也是令人欽佩的人。(fight against) （漢譯英）
Ⅳ.閱讀表達(dá)（共4小題;每小題2分,共8分）
閱讀下面的短文和問(wèn)題，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在相應(yīng)題號(hào)后的橫線上寫下相關(guān)信息，完成對(duì)該問(wèn)題的回答。答語(yǔ)要意思清楚，結(jié)構(gòu)正確，書寫工整。
Laughing Matters
Making people laugh connects us to one another. But what are laughing matters related to? For me, they are about personal life stories and experiences. Life will always change, and therefore laughing matters vary accordingly. While we may not have the same experiences, everyone can relate to observations on life, family, and the varieties of behavior we all encounter every day as we go about life.
Laughing matters are dedicated to making laughter a part of daily life and building a healthier and less stressful outlook. It can end tense situations. It always breaks the ice and brings people together. At home, it brings the family closer. A friend once told me how his dad collected jokes in a box and wrote them down on cards so he wouldn’t forget them and then told jokes at the dinner table. I could relate to that. My older brother used to bring home joke books and read them to me when I was 10 or 11 years old, which had a great impact on me.
Great comedians view life in different ways. Some of them can tell a relatable story about life and it will be funny, reminding the audience of similar situations and getting huge laughs. Others will look at a similar observation in life and tell a very different story from a very different angle with a very different delivery. The best of them keep working it out until they find the humor that suits them and strikes the right string and, hopefully, the laughter string of an audience.
People will always relate to the human story with all its challenges. One good thing about life is that it changes and develops. Life itself never gets old and is always feeding a laugh. As a result, comedians are constantly pushing the envelope because what the previous generation found funny becomes foreign to the new generation. As comedy adjusts to life changes, the edge keeps moving as well. That’s what time does to comedy. And now with a whole new generation the challenge is the same. Humorists must keep pushing that envelope, and we will.
53. For the author, what are laughing matters about? (不多于8個(gè)單詞)
54. How can the best comedians make people laugh? (不多于11個(gè)單詞)
55. Why does comedy need to change? (不多于13個(gè)單詞)
56. Based on your personal experience, does humor help you in your life? Why or why not? （單詞數(shù)不限）
Ⅴ. 書面表達(dá)（20分）
57. 英語(yǔ)課上你們?cè)谟懻撚⒄Z(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的方法，請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列內(nèi)容，寫一個(gè)發(fā)言稿，介紹你的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)情況：
1、你在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中遇到了哪些困難？
2、你嘗試了哪些方法解決這些困難？效果如何？
注意：詞數(shù)不少于80；
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參考答案
Ⅰ.聽(tīng)力理解（共三節(jié)，22.5分）
第一節(jié):(共4小題;每小題1.5分，共6分)
聽(tīng)下面四段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。每段對(duì)話你將聽(tīng)一遍。
1. When will the speakers have dinner together?
A. On Wednesday. B. On Thursday. C. On Friday.
2. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. In a restaurant. B. In a hotel. C. In a store.
3. What will the speakers do next?
A. Play table tennis. B. Buy a table tennis bat. C. Book a table tennis room.
4. How does the man feel?
A. Strange. B. Tired. C. Disappointed.
第二節(jié):（共6小題；每小題1.5分，共9分）
聽(tīng)下面三段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有兩道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。每段對(duì)話你將聽(tīng)兩遍。
聽(tīng)第5段材料，回答第5至第6小題。
5. What does the man have to do today?
A. See a doctor. B. Have a meeting. C. Visit a lawyer.
6. What does the woman offer to do for the man?
A. Sign a few papers. B. Make an appointment. C. Answer his phone calls.
聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第7至第8小題。
7. What is the woman doing?
A. Asking for advice. B. Giving an introduction. C. Conducting an interview.
8. When does the man buy a book from a bookstore?
A. When the book is on sale.
B. When there are new fiction books.
C. When the book is popular on the Internet.
聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第9至第10小題。
9. How many lectures does the man have to attend every week?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three.
10. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Rules of the office. B. Notice of the exam. C. Course requirements.
第三節(jié)：（共5小題；每小題1.5分，共7.5分）
聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，根據(jù)題目要求在相應(yīng)的橫線上寫下第11題至第15題的關(guān)鍵信息。每小題僅填寫一個(gè)詞。這段獨(dú)白你將聽(tīng)兩遍。
How to Be a Green Traveller
Make sure your home is ___11___ efficient.
● Turn off all the ___12___
● Unplug electrical devices
___13___ carefully about your mode of transport.
● Take a train or boat to your destination
● ___14___ when you go sightseeing
Help preserve places of interest.
● Help ensure the landmarks remain for generations to come
● Remind visitors of the importance of saving the ___15___ world
Ⅱ.完形填空（共15小題；每小題1.5分，共22.5分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
A man in California survived a five-hour night swim, thanks to the ____1____ of a friendly seal.
Scott Thompson, a boater from Southern California, was out on his boat. After realizing the weather wasn’t favorable, he turned the boat back towards land.
Soon after, something ____2____ happened. The boat was rocked by the wavy water and Scott got ____3____ out of the boat. The engines continued to run, moving the boat farther and farther away from him, which made it ____4____ to swim back to it. He watched his boat ____5____ in the middle of the icy Santa Barbara Channel.
Lost at sea, with no land in ____6____, Thompson was sure these were his ____7____ moments on earth. However, thoughts of his family helped him find the ____8____ to survive. “Just keep ____9____, and you will get home to your family,” Thompson kept telling himself. “Just imagining my girls and my son growing up without me, and my wife not having a husband to support her, I couldn’t _____10_____.
All of a sudden, he heard a big splash (拍水聲). It was a medium-sized harbor seal that Thompson described as “an angel” that came to help him. “The seal would come up and _____11_____ me, like a dog comes up and pushes your leg.” Thompson said. It was a sense of _____12_____, Thompson recalled, knowing that he wasn’t alone on this heroic journey.
Being pushed along by the seal, Thompson felt _____13_____ to swim to the nearest oil platform, which was far but closer than land. With the _____14_____ of the seal, he swam through the dark, freezing water for five hours, until he managed to reach an oil platform. People aboard the oil platform offered aid. They rushed him to a hospital where Thompson was treated and recovered a few days later.
While the thought of his _____15_____ motivated him to keep going, Thompson said that he would not have endured through the pain if it hadn’t been for the seal swimming alongside him.
1. A. recognition B. encouragement C. respect D. trust
2. A. unexpected B. common C. confusing D. funny
3. A. kicked B. locked C. chased D. knocked
4. A. easy B. unnecessary C. impossible D. safe
5. A. disappear B. stop C. ground D. sink
6. A. space B. mind C. line D. sight
7. A. spare B. final C. exciting D. private
8. A. tool B. way C. will D. skill
9. A. swimming B. calling C. watching D. practicing
10. A. break in B. show up C. slow down D. give up
11. A. greet B. push C. lift D. take
12. A. duty B. hope C. curiosity D. wonder
13. A. determined B. satisfied C. honored D. amused
14. A. task B. cost C. company D. arrival
15. A. pets B. friends C. family D. boat
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了在加州，一名船夫在夜間因?yàn)轱L(fēng)浪從船上被甩到海里。多虧了一只友好的海豹的鼓勵(lì)，他在黑暗、冰冷的水中游了5個(gè)小時(shí)后活了下來(lái)。
【1題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在加州，一名男子在夜間游泳5個(gè)小時(shí)后活了下來(lái)，多虧了一只友好的海豹的鼓勵(lì)。A. recognition認(rèn)出；B. encouragement鼓勵(lì)；C. respect尊敬；D. trust相信。根據(jù)“While the thought of his ____15____ motivated him to keep going, Thompson said that he would not have endured through the pain if it hadn’t been for the seal swimming alongside him.”可知，因?yàn)楹１墓膭?lì)，斯科特最終存活下來(lái)。故選B。
【2題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：不久之后，意想不到的事情發(fā)生了。A. unexpected意想不到的；B. common普通的；C. confusing使人困惑的；D. funny可笑的。根據(jù)“The boat was rocked by the wavy water and Scott got ____3____ out of the boat.”可知，發(fā)生了意想不到的事情。故選A。
【3題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：船被波浪搖晃著，斯科特被撞出了船。A. kicked踢；B. locked鎖；C. chased追逐；D. knocked撞。根據(jù)“The boat was rocked by the wavy water”可知，斯科特被撞出了船。故選D。
【4題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：引擎繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，船離他越來(lái)越遠(yuǎn)，所以他不可能游回去。A. easy容易的；B. unnecessary不必要的；C. impossible不可能的；D. safe安全的。根據(jù)“The engines continued to run, moving the boat farther and farther away from him,”可知，船越來(lái)越遠(yuǎn)，所以斯科特不可能游回去。故選C。
【5題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他看著他的船消失在冰冷的圣巴巴拉海峽中央。A. disappear消失；B. stop停止；C. ground使停飛；D. sink下沉。根據(jù)“The engines continued to run, moving the boat farther and farther away from him, which made it ____4____ to swim back to it.”可知，船越來(lái)越遠(yuǎn)，最終消失了。故選A。
【6題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：湯普森迷失在海上，看不到陸地，他確信這是他在地球上的最后時(shí)刻。A. space空間；B. mind想法；C. line行；D. sight看見(jiàn)。根據(jù)“Lost at sea,”可知，湯普森在海中，所以看不見(jiàn)陸地。故選D。
【7題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：湯普森迷失在海上，看不到陸地，他確信這是他在地球上的最后時(shí)刻。 A. spare備用的；B. final最終的；C. exciting令人激動(dòng)的；D. private私人的。根據(jù)“Lost at sea, with no land in ____6____,”可知，湯普森絕望了，確信這是他在地球上的最后時(shí)刻。故選B。
【8題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，對(duì)家人的思念幫助他找到了生存的意志。A. tool工具；B. way方法；C. will意志；D. skill技巧。根據(jù)““Just keep ____9____, and you will get home to your family,” Thompson kept telling himself. “Just imagining my girls and my son growing up without me, and my wife not having a husband to support her, I couldn’t ____10____.”可知，因?yàn)闇丈瓕?duì)家人的思念，讓他找到了生存的意志。故選C。
【9題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“只要堅(jiān)持游泳，你就能回到家人身邊，”湯普森一直對(duì)自己說(shuō)。A. swimming游泳；B. calling打電話；C. watching觀看；D. practicing練習(xí)。根據(jù)“and you will get home to your family”可知，湯普森鼓勵(lì)自己，只要堅(jiān)持游泳，就能回到家人身邊。故選A。
【10題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：想象一下，我的女兒和兒子在沒(méi)有我的情況下長(zhǎng)大，我的妻子沒(méi)有丈夫支持，我不能放棄。A. break in闖入；B. show up出現(xiàn)；C. slow down減速；D. give up放棄。根據(jù)“Just imagining my girls and my son growing up without me, and my wife not having a husband to support her,”可知，湯普森想到家人，知道自己不能放棄。故選D。
【11題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：海豹會(huì)過(guò)來(lái)推我，就像狗過(guò)來(lái)推你的腿一樣。A. greet打招呼；B. push推；C. lift提高；D. take帶走。根據(jù)“l(fā)ike a dog comes up and pushes your leg.”和“Being pushed along by the seal,”可知，海豹在海里推湯普森。故選B。
【12題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：湯普森回憶說(shuō)，那是一種希望，他知道自己在這段英勇的旅程中并不孤單。A. duty責(zé)任；B. hope希望；C. curiosity好奇；D. wonder奇跡。根據(jù)“Thompson recalled, knowing that he wasn’t alone on this heroic journey.”可知，因?yàn)楹１诤＠飼r(shí)而不時(shí)地推湯普森，給了他希望。故選B。
【13題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在海豹的推動(dòng)下，湯普森下定決心游到最近的石油平臺(tái)，那里遠(yuǎn)比陸地近。A. determined下定決心的；B. satisfied滿意的；C. honored受尊敬的；D. amused愉快的。根據(jù)“which was far but closer than land.”可知，湯普森下定決心游到最近的石油平臺(tái)。故選A。
【14題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在海豹的陪伴下，他在黑暗、冰冷的水中游了5個(gè)小時(shí)，直到他設(shè)法到達(dá)一個(gè)石油平臺(tái)。A. task任務(wù)；B. cost花費(fèi)；C. company陪伴；D. arrival到達(dá)。根據(jù)“he swam through the dark, freezing water for five hours, until he managed to reach an oil platform.”可知，湯普森在海豹的陪伴下游了5個(gè)小時(shí)。故選C。
【15題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然想到家人的想法激勵(lì)著他堅(jiān)持下去，但湯普森說(shuō)，如果沒(méi)有這只海豹在他身邊游泳，他是不會(huì)忍受這些痛苦的。A. pets寵物；B. friends朋友；C. family家人；D. boat船。根據(jù)“Just keep ____9____, and you will get home to your family,”可知，湯普森想到家人的想法和海豹的激勵(lì)他活下去。故選C。
Ⅲ.閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）
閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Summertime, i.e. vacation season, is quickly approaching. And whether your ideal getaway is R&R on the beach, outdoor adventuring, or exploring a new city, it pays to plan.
I’d love to get away. How do I save for a vacation?
You’re not alone. One study says 71% of Americans are planning to take a trip for leisure in 2022. And they’re planning on spending 29% more than they did pre-pandemic in 2019. But you don’t have to go broke (身無(wú)分文) to get a break. Before you even start planning your travel here’s how to make the trip you’ve been waiting for a reality.
● Make a sinking fund. These funds are where you set aside money with an intention to spend it on a big goal.
● Timing is everything. Research the cheapest places to go when the temperature rises, and plan accordingly. You’ll also get more bang for your buck by checking out destinations with a favorable exchange rate. For somewhere further east, your dollars will go far in Thailand or the Philippines.
● Book smart. Renting a home is often a better deal than booking a hotel. Not only will you save on the price tag, but you can cook instead of eating out for every meal.
How do I keep saving while I’m on vacation?
True story: travel doesn’t feel like real life, so it’s easier to splurge (揮霍). And if you’re visiting a popular tourist location, everything costs more. Here’s how to see the sights without losing sight of your budget.
● Set a daily spending limit and track what you buy to avoid overdoing it. Using cash or a prepaid debit card instead of a credit card can also help.
● Food is a money vampire. If you have access to a kitchen where you’re staying, make breakfast, pack lunch, and cook dinner when you can. If not, hit up a supermarket or farmer’s market for an easy, cheap breakfast. And when you do eat out, go for lunch or appetizers, where the menu items tend to be less expensive.
16. According to the passage, which of the following may help make your dream trip a reality?
A. Preparing enough fast food. B. Borrowing money from friends.
C. Researching the cheapest places to go. D. Carrying credit cards from different banks.
17. To keep saving while on vacation, you’d better ________.
A. go out for meals B. avoid using cash
C. set a daily spending limit D. visit popular tourist locations
18. What’s the purpose of the passage?
A. To help travellers save money. B. To report some survey results.
C. To advertise some tourist attractions. D. To compare different travel plans.
【答案】16. C 17. C 18. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要講的是怎樣為了假期而省錢和在度假的時(shí)候應(yīng)該怎么省錢。
【16題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)● Timing is everything. 部分的“Research the cheapest places to go when the temperature rises, and plan accordingly.(研究一下氣溫上升時(shí)最便宜的去處，并據(jù)此制定計(jì)劃。)”可知，研究最便宜的地方可能幫助你實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的旅行，故選C。
【17題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)How do I keep saving while I’m on vacation?部分的“Set a daily spending limit and track what you buy to avoid overdoing it.(設(shè)定每天的消費(fèi)限額，并記錄你購(gòu)買的東西，以避免過(guò)度消費(fèi)。)”可知，要想在度假時(shí)繼續(xù)省錢，你最好設(shè)定每日消費(fèi)限額。故選C。
【18題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)“I’d love to get away. How do I save for a vacation?(我想離開(kāi)這里。如何為度假省錢？)”和“How do I keep saving while I’m on vacation?(我如何在度假的時(shí)候繼續(xù)省錢？)”可知，本文主要講的是怎樣為了假期而省錢和在度假的時(shí)候應(yīng)該怎么省錢，因此目的是幫助旅行者省錢。故選A。
B
Rhiannon Menn is the founder of Lasagna Love, a global nonprofit that connects neighbors through homemade meal delivery. In March 2020, her San Diego community shut down because of the pandemic. She and her husband own a design and build company, but their projects were put on hold. Rhiannon felt helpless and wondered what she could do to be useful. It didn’t take her long to decide.
“Cooking is my happy place,” she says. She ordered groceries online and got to work. She and her daughter, Cimorene, then three, made extra pans of lasagna, and Rhiannon posted in a local moms’ group on Facebook, offering to drop off a free home-cooked meal to anyone who wanted one. Some people requested a meal. Even more wanted to help Rhiannon feed those who were struggling.
Rhiannon created a spreadsheet for each volunteer, matching them with families who’d requested a meal. Word of what she was doing spread quickly on social media. “By summer, we had more than 100 volunteer chefs,” she says. Too many for one person to track. Someone offered to create an online portal (門戶網(wǎng)站) to manage the volunteers and meal requests. This automated system freed Rhiannon to do what she really loves: cook and reach people in need.
For Rhiannon, lasagna is the best comfort food. But it’s about more than just food. “Our volunteers deliver a sense of hope with the meal,” she says. “We want people to know that a stranger cared enough about them to make them a meal. Kindness is contagious (傳染性的), and it can transform communities.”
Lasagna Love currently has 25,000 volunteers—or Lasagna Chefs, as they’re called—across the United States, Canada and Australia, who have delivered more than 150,000 meals to families in their communities. “This movement has given me purpose in a way I didn’t have before,” Rhiannon says.
In her home, cooking is a family event. Cimorene, now five, has gotten good at layering the noodles. Rhiannon also has a three-year-old son and an 11-month-old baby boy. “I love that my kids are learning the importance of helping others,” she says.
Volunteer chefs log in to the portal and input how many meals they’d like to deliver that week. The system matches them with nearby families requesting a meal, and the volunteer texts the family to set up a delivery time. The meals are dropped off on doorsteps for contact-free delivery.
The organization is called Lasagna Love, but volunteers can deliver any home-cooked meal they’d like. Rhiannon’s recipe is her own take on lasagna, made healthier with grated zucchini and yellow squash. “I’ve shared my recipe, but volunteers are welcome to use their own recipes for any dishes they’d like to make,” she says.
19. Why did Rhiannon start Lasagna Love?
A. To help struggling neighbors. B. To fight against the pandemic.
C. To help their design and build company. D. To improve her neighbors’ cooking skills.
20. What can we know about the volunteers in Lasagna Love?
A. They are trained by experienced chefs.
B. They deliver their own meals to people in need.
C. They search for families in need by themselves.
D. They all follow Rhiannon’s recipe to make lasagna.
21. We can infer from the passage that Rhiannon ________.
A. had no purpose in life before
B. is too busy to deliver meals now
C. likes posting her meals on social media
D. has set a good example for her children
22. Which of the following words best describe Rhiannon?
A. Helpful and humorous. B. Honest and successful.
C. Kind-hearted and generous. D. Hardworking and ambitious.
【答案】19. A 20. B 21. D 22. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是Rhiannon Menn建立了名為L(zhǎng)asagna Love的全球非營(yíng)利組織，旨在給有需要的鄰居提供食物。
【19題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“She and her daughter, Cimorene, then three, made extra pans of lasagna, and Rhiannon posted in a local moms’ group on Facebook, offering to drop off a free home-cooked meal to anyone who wanted one. Some people requested a meal. Even more wanted to help Rhiannon feed those who were struggling.(她和當(dāng)時(shí)三歲的女兒Cimorene多做了幾盤千層面，Rhiannon在Facebook上的一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)貗寢屓豪锇l(fā)帖，表示愿意給任何想吃的人送一份免費(fèi)的家常菜。有些人要了一份。甚至有更多的人想幫助Rhiannon養(yǎng)活那些生活掙扎的人。)”可知，Rhiannon創(chuàng)辦Lasagna Love的目的是幫助苦苦掙扎的鄰居。故選A。
【20題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“Lasagna Love currently has 25,000 volunteers—or Lasagna Chefs, as they’re called—across the United States, Canada and Australia, who have delivered more than 150,000 meals to families in their communities.(Lasagna Love目前有2.5萬(wàn)名志愿者——他們被稱為“千層面大廚”——來(lái)自美國(guó)、加拿大和澳大利亞，他們已經(jīng)為社區(qū)的家庭提供了超過(guò)15萬(wàn)份食物。)”可知，Lasagna Love的志愿者送餐給有需要的人。故選B。
【21題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的“Cimorene, now five, has gotten good at layering the noodles. Rhiannon also has a three-year-old son and an 11-month-old baby boy. “I love that my kids are learning the importance of helping others,” she says.(五歲的Cimorene很擅長(zhǎng)將面條分層。Rhiannon還有一個(gè)三歲的兒子和一個(gè)11個(gè)月大的男嬰。她說(shuō):“我很高興我的孩子們正在學(xué)習(xí)幫助他人的重要性。)”可知，我們可以從文章中推斷，Rhiannon為她的孩子樹(shù)立了一個(gè)好榜樣，故選D。
【22題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“She and her daughter, Cimorene, then three, made extra pans of lasagna, and Rhiannon posted in a local moms’ group on Facebook, offering to drop off a free home-cooked meal to anyone who wanted one. Some people requested a meal. Even more wanted to help Rhiannon feed those who were struggling.(她和當(dāng)時(shí)三歲的女兒Cimorene多做了幾盤千層面，Rhiannon在Facebook上的一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)貗寢屓豪锇l(fā)帖，表示愿意給任何想吃的人送一份免費(fèi)的家常菜。有些人要了一份。甚至有更多的人想幫助Rhiannon養(yǎng)活那些掙扎的人。)”可知，她為有需要的人免費(fèi)提供千層面，所以她是善良的和慷慨的。故選C。
C
Horseshoe crabs are often called living fossils. These primitive arthropods have lived on earth for 360 million years, largely in the same form as they appear today. Despite their long history, the horseshoe crab’s existence is now threatened by human activities, including harvesting for medical research.
Any time a foreign object or substance enters the human body, there’s a risk of introducing infection. If you’ve had a vaccination, a surgery of any kind, or had a medical device implanted in your body, you owe your very survival to the horseshoe crab.
Horseshoe crabs have copper-rich blood that appears to be striking blue in color. Proteins in the horseshoe crab’s blood cells are released in response to even the smallest amount of bacterial endotoxin (內(nèi)毒素), such as E. coli. The presence of bacteria causes horseshoe crab blood to clot or gel, part of its hypersensitive immune response system.
In the 1960s, two researchers, Frederick Bang and Jack Levin, developed a method of using these coagulation (凝固) factors to test for contamination (污染) of medical devices. By the 1970s, their Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test was being used commercially to make sure everything from scalpels (手術(shù)刀) to artificial hips (髖關(guān)節(jié)) is safe for introduction in the human body.
While such testing is crucial to safe medical treatments, the practice takes a toll on horseshoe crab populations. Horseshoe crab blood is in high demand, and the medical testing industry catches as many as 500,000 horseshoe crabs each year to drain them of their blood. The crabs aren’t killed outright in the process; they’re caught, bled, and released. But biologists suspect the stress results in a percentage of the released horseshoe crabs dying once back in the water. Fortunately, management practices are in place now to protect the species.
In addition to their value in medical research, horseshoe crabs fill important ecological roles. Their smooth, wide shells provide the perfect substrate (基質(zhì)) for many other marine organisms to live on. As it moves along the ocean’s bottom, a horseshoe crab may be carrying mussels, barnacles, tube worms, sea lettuce, sponges, and even oysters. Horseshoe crabs deposit their eggs by the thousands along sandy shorelines, and many migratory shorebirds, including red knots, rely on these eggs as a source of fuel during their long flights.
23. What feature of horseshoe crabs helps save lives?
A. They can improve their immune system. B. Their blood is sensitive to bacteria.
C. They have copper-rich blood cells. D. Their blood is striking blue.
24. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase “take a toll on” in Paragraph 5?
A. Make use of. B. Do harm to. C. Run out of. D. Contribute to.
25. How are the ecological roles of horseshoe crabs explained in the last paragraph?
A. By giving examples. B. By making a comparison.
C. By quoting experts. D. By offering a definition.
26. On which type of website can we possibly read this passage?
A. Science. B. Travel. C. Business. D. Life.
【答案】23. B 24. B 25. A 26. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹的是鱟這種生物的醫(yī)學(xué)價(jià)值和生態(tài)角色。
【23題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Proteins in the horseshoe crab’s blood cells are released in response to even the smallest amount of bacterial endotoxin (內(nèi)毒素), such as E. coli. The presence of bacteria causes horseshoe crab blood to clot or gel, part of its hypersensitive immune response system.(即使是最小數(shù)量的細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素，如大腸桿菌，鱟血細(xì)胞中的蛋白質(zhì)也會(huì)被釋放出來(lái)。細(xì)菌的存在會(huì)導(dǎo)致鱟的血液凝結(jié)或凝膠，這是其過(guò)度敏感的免疫反應(yīng)系統(tǒng)的一部分。)”可知，鱟的血液對(duì)細(xì)菌敏感這一特點(diǎn)有助于拯救生命，故選B。
【24題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Horseshoe crab blood is in high demand, and the medical testing industry catches as many as 500,000 horseshoe crabs each year to drain them of their blood. The crabs aren’t killed outright in the process; they’re caught, bled, and released.(鱟的血需求量很大，醫(yī)療檢測(cè)行業(yè)每年捕獲多達(dá)50萬(wàn)只鱟，以抽取它們的血。鱟不會(huì)在這個(gè)過(guò)程中被直接殺死；他們被抓住，流血，然后釋放。)”可知，雖然這樣的檢測(cè)對(duì)安全的醫(yī)學(xué)治療至關(guān)重要，但這種做法會(huì)對(duì)鱟的數(shù)量造成影響，也就是會(huì)對(duì)鱟造成傷害，劃線短語(yǔ)takes a toll on的意思是“對(duì)……造成傷害”，和do harm to意思相近，故選B。
【25題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“As it moves along the ocean’s bottom, a horseshoe crab may be carrying mussels, barnacles, tube worms, sea lettuce, sponges, and even oysters.(當(dāng)鱟沿著海底移動(dòng)時(shí)，它可能會(huì)攜帶貽貝、藤壺、管蟲(chóng)、海萵苣、海綿，甚至牡蠣。)”可知，最后一段是通過(guò)舉例來(lái)解釋鱟的生態(tài)角色的。故選A。
【26題詳解】
推理判斷題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段的“Horseshoe crabs are often called living fossils. These primitive arthropods have lived on earth for 360 million years, largely in the same form as they appear today. Despite their long history, the horseshoe crab’s existence is now threatened by human activities, including harvesting for medical research.(鱟常被稱為活化石。這些原始的節(jié)肢動(dòng)物已經(jīng)在地球上生活了3.6億年，與它們今天的形態(tài)基本相同。盡管鱟歷史悠久，但它們的生存現(xiàn)在受到人類活動(dòng)的威脅，包括為醫(yī)學(xué)研究而采集鱟。)”和最后一段的“In addition to their value in medical research, horseshoe crabs fill important ecological roles.(除了在醫(yī)學(xué)研究上的價(jià)值外，鱟還扮演著重要的生態(tài)角色。)”可知，本文主要介紹的是鱟這種生物的醫(yī)學(xué)價(jià)值和生態(tài)角色，屬于科普知識(shí)。由此推知，本文很有可能在“科學(xué)”網(wǎng)站讀到。故選A。
D
Chemists have spent the past century trying to make plastics that will break down in seawater. As it is, most plastics appear to take centuries to fully degrade in the ocean. But that may change. Scientists have just designed a new plastic that can break down in seawater within weeks, not decades or more.
Back in the 1930s, scientists created a now-popular plastic out of corn and potato starch (淀粉). It’s known as polylactide, or PLA. It’s a polymer (聚合物), which is a molecule made by linking many building blocks — called monomers — into a long string. Scientists had hoped PLA would quickly break down in the environment. And in some places, like compost pits (堆肥坑), it does. But not in seawater. Even after three years in ocean water, PLA remains largely unchanged.
Timo Rheinberger is a PhD student at the University of Twente in the Netherlands. His work on polymers has focused on boosting PLA’s breakdown. As part of that work, he became part of a team that just added some RNA-inspired breaking points to PLA. They put those breaking points in places where monomers in the PLA molecules are linked.
They weakened the links that joined up to 15 percent of a PLA’s monomers. Then, they soaked their samples in artificial seawater and measured how fast these tweaked versions of PLA broke down. The expected final product of PLA’s breakdown was a small molecule called lactic acid. So, they tested for that too.
As the team had hoped, seawater attacked the weakened links between monomers, splitting the polymer chain apart. The more breaking points the researchers added to the polymer, the faster the PLA broke down.
When they weakened 15 percent of PLA’s monomer links, the polymer broke down entirely within just two weeks. When they weakened only 3 percent of the links, the breakdown took about 2 years. This suggests the team can design how quickly PLA will break down in water by adjusting how many weakened links it has.
Mehlika Karamanlioglu teaches biomedical engineering at Istanbul Gelisim University. She, too, has studied environmental breakdown of PLA. “It’s a new approach,” she says of the Dutch technique. Theirs is also “a preliminary study,” Karamanlioglu says. So, more testing must follow. Scientists want to know how the strength of the new PLA compares to old PLA.
Rheinberger agrees. “You need a lot of material to start those studies,” he adds. And so far, his team has made only small amounts of the modified PLA.
Karamanlioglu notes the Dutch team also tested the breakdown of its PLA in artificial seawater. “I wonder if they checked [the water] for pollution,” she adds. If there were microbes (微生物), those microbes may have produced molecules called enzymes that sped up the PLA’s degradation.
27. What can we learn about PLA from the passage?
A. Lactic acid prevents the breakdown of PLA.
B. PLA breaks down faster in artificial seawater.
C. PLA’s breakdown relies on that of monomers.
D. Compost pits are the best places for PLA’s breakdown.
28. What does the underlined word “preliminary” in Paragraph 7 probably mean?
A. Systematic. B. Comparative. C. In-depth. D. Early-stage.
29. What is Mehlika’s attitude towards the findings of the Dutch team?
A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Cautious.
30. What can be learned from the last three paragraphs?
A. Mehlika is confident about the application of the new PLA.
B. The cleanness of water also affects the breakdown of PLA.
C. The new PLA has better strength than the old PLA.
D. The new PLA have been produced in large amounts.
【答案】27. C 28. D 29. D 30. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹科學(xué)家們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了一種新型塑料，可以在海洋中迅速分解。
【27題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“As the team had hoped, seawater attacked the weakened links between monomers, splitting the polymer chain apart. The more breaking points the researchers added to the polymer, the faster the PLA broke down. (正如研究小組所希望的那樣，海水攻擊了單體之間薄弱的連接，使聚合物鏈斷裂。研究人員在聚合物中添加的斷點(diǎn)越多，PLA分解的速度就越快)”和第六段“When they weakened 15 percent of PLA’s monomer links, the polymer broke down entirely within just two weeks. When they weakened only 3 percent of the links, the breakdown took about 2 years.(當(dāng)他們削弱PLA 15%的單體連接時(shí)，聚合物在兩周內(nèi)完全分解。當(dāng)他們只削弱了3%的聯(lián)系時(shí)，這種破壞持續(xù)了大約2年)”可知，PLA的分解依賴于單體的分解。故選C。
【28題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后句“So, more testing must follow. (因此，必須進(jìn)行更多的測(cè)試)” 可知，他們的研究只是“初步研究”。由此推知，劃線詞preliminary與early-stage(早期階段，早期的)意思接近。故選D。
【29題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段“She, too, has studied environmental breakdown of PLA. “It’s a new approach,” she says of the Dutch technique. Theirs is also “a preliminary study,” Karamanlioglu says. So, more testing must follow. (她也研究過(guò)PLA的環(huán)境破壞。“這是一種新方法，”她談到荷蘭的技術(shù)時(shí)說(shuō)。Karamanlioglu說(shuō)，他們的研究也是“初步研究”。因此，必須進(jìn)行更多的測(cè)試)” 可推斷，Mehlika對(duì)荷蘭研究小組的發(fā)現(xiàn)持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度。故選D。
【30題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后三段，尤其是最后一段“Karamanlioglu notes the Dutch team also tested the breakdown of its PLA in artificial seawater. “I wonder if they checked [the water] for pollution,” she adds. If there were microbes (微生物), those microbes may have produced molecules called enzymes that sped up the PLA’s degradation. (Karamanlioglu指出，荷蘭研究小組還測(cè)試了PLA在人工海水中的分解。她補(bǔ)充說(shuō)：“我想知道他們是否檢查了（水）污染?！比绻形⑸?，這些微生物可能產(chǎn)生了一種叫做酶的分子，加速PLA的降解)” 可知，水的清潔度也會(huì)影響PLA的分解。故選B。
第Ⅱ卷（共65分）
Ⅰ.選詞填空（共7小題；每小題2分，共14分）
用方框中單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子,每個(gè)單詞只能用一次。
month effect relax limit harm talent perform

31. People feel more ________ when wearing casual clothes.
32. The actors are just amazing. They are all very ________.
33. Doctors have warned against the ________ effects of smoking.
34. Your ________ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
35. The advertisement was simple but remarkably ________.
36. These machines have to be checked ________.
37 We are doing our best with the ________ resources available.
【答案】31. relaxed
32. talented
33. harmful
34. performances
35. effective
36. monthly
37. limited
【解析】
【31題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：人們穿便裝時(shí)感覺(jué)更放松。根據(jù)后文“wearing casual clothes”可知，穿便裝，人應(yīng)該感到放松，應(yīng)選relax為動(dòng)詞意為“放松”，空前是系動(dòng)詞feel，所以應(yīng)該用形容詞形式，主語(yǔ)是人，應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞-ed形式。故填relaxed。
【32題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：演員們太棒了。他們都很有才華。根據(jù)前文“The actors are just amazing”，可知，他們都是有才華的，應(yīng)選talent，又因空前是系動(dòng)詞are，所以要用形容詞形式，talent的形容詞是talented。故填talented。
【33題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：醫(yī)生警告人們注意吸煙的有害影響。根據(jù)后文的“smoking”可知，吸煙是有害的，應(yīng)選harm，又因空后是名詞effects，所以空處應(yīng)用形容詞，harm的形容詞是harmful。故填harmful。
【34題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：如果你養(yǎng)成反思學(xué)習(xí)方式的習(xí)慣，你作為一個(gè)學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)將會(huì)很出色。根據(jù)后文“if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn”可知，如果你養(yǎng)成反思學(xué)習(xí)方式的習(xí)慣，你作為一個(gè)學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)將會(huì)很出色，所以應(yīng)選perform，又因?yàn)榭涨笆切稳菰~性物主代詞，所以空處應(yīng)填名詞，perform的名詞為performance是可數(shù)名詞，此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填performances。
【35題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：這則廣告很簡(jiǎn)單，但卻非常有效。根據(jù)but可知，此句表達(dá)的意思是廣告雖然簡(jiǎn)單，但是有效，所以選effect，又空處和前文simple并列，所以應(yīng)該用形容詞形式，effect的形容詞是effective。故填effective。
【36題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：這些機(jī)器必須每月檢查一次。根據(jù)前文的checked可知，此處應(yīng)表示沒(méi)有檢查一次，故應(yīng)選month，又空處是修飾動(dòng)詞checked，所以應(yīng)該用副詞形式，month的副詞為monthly。故填monthly。
【37題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：我們正在利用有限的資源盡最大努力。根據(jù)后文的“available”可知，資源應(yīng)是有限的，應(yīng)選limit，又空后是名詞resource，所以空處應(yīng)填形容詞，limit的形容詞是limited。故填limited。
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）
在未給提示詞的空白處填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
38. Roots＆Shoots is an institute ________ (establish) in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
【答案】 established
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：“根與芽”是簡(jiǎn)·古道爾博士在20世紀(jì)90年代早期建立的一個(gè)研究所。名詞institute 與establish之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意，故填established。
39. Beijing Opera is one of China’s national ________. (treasure) （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
【答案】treasures
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：京劇是中國(guó)的國(guó)寶之一。one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)句意，故填treasures。
40. A 19-meter sperm whale ________ (rescue) from the shores of Xiangshan county in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, on April 20. （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
【答案】was rescued
【解析】
【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：4月20日，一條19米長(zhǎng)的抹香鯨在浙江省寧波市象山縣海岸獲救。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)on April 20可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。主語(yǔ)A 19-meter sperm whale與rescue之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。故填was rescued。
41. The Shenzhou XIV crew ________ (meet) another three astronauts from the Shenzhou XV mission in December, 2022. （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
【答案】will meet
【解析】
【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：2022年12月，神舟十四號(hào)乘組將與神舟十五號(hào)的另外三名宇航員會(huì)合。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in December, 2022可知，用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。根據(jù)句意，故填will meet。
42. More expressways will be built soon ________ (promote) the local economy. （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
【答案】to promote
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：不久將修建更多的高速公路，以促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。句中用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意，故填to promote。
43. Tu Youyou is the scientist ________ discovery has led to the development of new drugs which have saved millions of lives. （用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）
【答案】whose
【解析】
【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞。句意：屠呦呦是一位科學(xué)家，他的發(fā)現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致了新藥物的開(kāi)發(fā)，拯救了數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的生命。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the scientist，從句部分缺少定語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)是whose引導(dǎo)。故填whose。
44. We all know that there are various types of pollution around us, ________ may cause different kinds of environmental problems. （用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）
【答案】which
【解析】
【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們都知道，我們周圍有各種各樣的污染，這些污染可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致各種各樣的環(huán)境問(wèn)題。句中先行詞為 types of pollution，在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。
45. —Why didn’t I see you at Jim’s birthday party last night?
—I ________ (receive) a call from my boss, telling me to do some extra paperwork. （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
【答案】received
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：——為什么我昨晚沒(méi)在吉姆的生日派對(duì)上見(jiàn)到你?——我接到老板的電話，讓我做一些額外的文書工作。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，所以receive應(yīng)該做本句謂語(yǔ)；結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，陳述過(guò)去的事實(shí)，應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填received。
46. ________(land) on the moon’s far side is extremely challenging. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】Landing
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：在月球背面著陸極具挑戰(zhàn)性?？崭裉幱脛?dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，位于句首，首字母大寫，故填Landing。
47. This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
【答案】what
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：這就是我父親教給我的——總是面對(duì)困難，抱著最好的希望。在表語(yǔ)從句中缺少taught的賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)“to always face difficulties and hope for the best”可知，此處是指道理，所以應(yīng)用連接代詞what。故填what。
Ⅲ.完成句子（共5小題;第63、64題每題2分,第65、66、67題每題3分,共13分）
根據(jù)括號(hào)中所給提示完成下列句子。
48. 我希望能在你們的幫助下取得很大的進(jìn)步。(make progress)（漢譯英）
【答案】I hope I can make great progress with your help.
【解析】
【詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。根據(jù)中文提示，可知本句使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，主句是“我希望”應(yīng)譯為I hope，其后是賓語(yǔ)從句，從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)，也可省略，從句主語(yǔ)分析可知依舊是“我”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是“能取得很大的進(jìn)步”，根據(jù)所給英文提示詞，所以翻譯為can make great progress，“在你們的幫助下”做狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)翻譯為with your help。故譯為：I hope I can make great progress with your help.
49. 地球的主要能源來(lái)自太陽(yáng)。 (come from) （漢譯英）
【答案】The Earth’s main source of energy comes from the sun.
【解析】
【詳解】考查短語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)。本句為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)The Earth’s main source of energy地球的主要能源；謂語(yǔ) come from來(lái)自；賓語(yǔ) the sun太陽(yáng)。陳述客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故翻譯為The Earth’s main source of energy comes from the sun.
50. 綠色生活就是與自然和諧相處。(in harmony with) （漢譯英）
【答案】Green living is living in harmony with nature.
【解析】
【詳解】考查短語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)描述事實(shí)，分析句子可知，句子使用主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，green living綠色生活，作主語(yǔ)，是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)is； live in harmony with“與……和諧相處”，用動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，解釋主語(yǔ)的特征，故翻譯為Green living is living in harmony with nature.
51. 減少污染的一個(gè)好方法是改變我們的生活習(xí)慣。(change one’s living habits) （漢譯英）
【答案】A good way to reduce pollution is to change our living habits.
【解析】
【詳解】考查不定式和主謂一致。分析句意可知，句子描述客觀事實(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，“……的一個(gè)好方法”是a good way to do...，“減少污染”是reduce pollution，“改變我們的生活習(xí)慣”用不定式作表語(yǔ)，是to change our living habits，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用is，因此整句話翻譯為“A good way to reduce pollution is to change our living habits”。故答案為A good way to reduce pollution is to change our living habits.
52. 我認(rèn)為與自己的弱點(diǎn)作斗爭(zhēng)的人也是令人欽佩的人。(fight against) （漢譯英）
【答案】I think a man who fights against his weaknesses is also an admirable man.
【解析】
【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)，定語(yǔ)從句和主謂一致。分析句意可知，句子表示客觀事實(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，“我認(rèn)為”是I think，“與自己的弱點(diǎn)作斗爭(zhēng)的人”用who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾“人”，翻譯為a man who fights against his weaknesses，“也是令人欽佩的人”是is also an admirable man，因此整句話翻譯為I think a man who fights against his weaknesses is also an admirable man.
Ⅳ.閱讀表達(dá)（共4小題;每小題2分,共8分）
閱讀下面的短文和問(wèn)題，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在相應(yīng)題號(hào)后的橫線上寫下相關(guān)信息，完成對(duì)該問(wèn)題的回答。答語(yǔ)要意思清楚，結(jié)構(gòu)正確，書寫工整。
Laughing Matters
Making people laugh connects us to one another. But what are laughing matters related to? For me, they are about personal life stories and experiences. Life will always change, and therefore laughing matters vary accordingly. While we may not have the same experiences, everyone can relate to observations on life, family, and the varieties of behavior we all encounter every day as we go about life.
Laughing matters are dedicated to making laughter a part of daily life and building a healthier and less stressful outlook. It can end tense situations. It always breaks the ice and brings people together. At home, it brings the family closer. A friend once told me how his dad collected jokes in a box and wrote them down on cards so he wouldn’t forget them and then told jokes at the dinner table. I could relate to that. My older brother used to bring home joke books and read them to me when I was 10 or 11 years old, which had a great impact on me.
Great comedians view life in different ways. Some of them can tell a relatable story about life and it will be funny, reminding the audience of similar situations and getting huge laughs. Others will look at a similar observation in life and tell a very different story from a very different angle with a very different delivery. The best of them keep working it out until they find the humor that suits them and strikes the right string and, hopefully, the laughter string of an audience.
People will always relate to the human story with all its challenges. One good thing about life is that it changes and develops. Life itself never gets old and is always feeding a laugh. As a result, comedians are constantly pushing the envelope because what the previous generation found funny becomes foreign to the new generation. As comedy adjusts to life changes, the edge keeps moving as well. That’s what time does to comedy. And now with a whole new generation the challenge is the same. Humorists must keep pushing that envelope, and we will.
53. For the author, what are laughing matters about? (不多于8個(gè)單詞)
54. How can the best comedians make people laugh? (不多于11個(gè)單詞)
55. Why does comedy need to change? (不多于13個(gè)單詞)
56. Based on your personal experience, does humor help you in your life? Why or why not? （單詞數(shù)不限）
【答案】53. Personal life stories and experiences.
54. By finding the humor that suits the audience.
55. Because comedy adjusts to life changes and the edge keeps moving as well.
56. Yes. Because humor helps me forget the troubles in my life and see the positive and positive things in my life, which gives me the strength to move on.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是值得笑的事情及笑的意義。
【53題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段的“For me, they are about personal life stories and experiences.(對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，它們是關(guān)于個(gè)人生活的故事和經(jīng)歷。)”可知，值得笑的事情是關(guān)于個(gè)人生活的故事和經(jīng)歷，故答案為Personal life stories and experiences.
【54題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段的“The best of them keep working it out until they find the humor that suits them and strikes the right string and, hopefully, the laughter string of an audience.(他們中最優(yōu)秀的人一直在努力，直到他們找到適合觀眾的幽默，并撥對(duì)了弦，希望是觀眾的笑弦。)”可知，最好的喜劇演員通過(guò)找到適合觀眾的幽默來(lái)讓人們笑，故答案為By finding the humor that suits the audience.
【55題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段的“As comedy adjusts to life changes, the edge keeps moving as well. That’s what time does to comedy.(隨著喜劇適應(yīng)生活的變化，邊緣也在不斷移動(dòng)。這就是時(shí)間對(duì)喜劇的影響。)”可知，喜劇需要改變是因?yàn)橄矂∵m應(yīng)生活的變化，邊緣也在不斷移動(dòng)，故答案為Because comedy adjusts to life changes and the edge keeps moving as well.
【56題詳解】
考查推理判斷。根據(jù)我的個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)，幽默對(duì)我的生活是有幫助的，因?yàn)橛哪瑤椭彝浬钪械臒?，看到生活中積極向上的事情，這給了我繼續(xù)前進(jìn)的力量。故答案為Yes. Because humor helps me forget the troubles in my life and see the positive and positive things in my life, which gives me the strength to move on.
Ⅴ. 書面表達(dá)（20分）
57. 英語(yǔ)課上你們?cè)谟懻撚⒄Z(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的方法，請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列內(nèi)容，寫一個(gè)發(fā)言稿，介紹你的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)情況：
1、你在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中遇到了哪些困難？
2、你嘗試了哪些方法解決這些困難？效果如何？
注意：詞數(shù)不少于80；
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】English is not easy to learn. For me, I find it very challenging to improve my listening and speaking skills. We don’t have foreign teachers and I feel embarrassed to communicate with my classmates in English. Furthermore, like many students, I am also frustrated by learning vocabulary. There are so many new words that I have to learn every day. And I find it unproductive and boring to just repeat the words over and over again.
After having a discussion with my English teacher, I decided to keep going. I downloaded an English learning app and began listening to English news every day. After listening, I would retell the news and comment on it. Now, I am no longer afraid of English listening and find it natural to speak English aloud. As for vocabulary learning, it’s more rewarding to learn words in sentences than just remember single words. Sometimes, I even make sentences on my own, which makes vocabulary learning more efficient and fun.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考生寫一個(gè)發(fā)言稿，介紹自己的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)情況。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
尷尬的：embarrassed →awkward
而且：Furthermore → what’s more
無(wú)聊的：boring →tiresome
有時(shí)：sometimes→ at times
2.句式拓展
合并簡(jiǎn)單句
原句：English is not easy to learn. For me, I find it very challenging to improve my listening and speaking skills.
拓展句：English is so difficult to learn that I find it very challenging to improve my listening and speaking skills for me.
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】There are so many new words that I have to learn every day.（運(yùn)用了that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句）
【高分句型2】Sometimes, I even make sentences on my own, which makes vocabulary learning more efficient and fun.（運(yùn)用了which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）

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