?2022北京朝陽(yáng)高二（上）期末
英 語(yǔ)
第一部分 知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共三節(jié)，30分）
第一節(jié) 完形填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
The Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games (殘奧會(huì)) provided plenty of drama. One of the most ___1___ performances was that of Ibrahim Hamadtou, the armless Egyptian table tennis star. While playing, he puts a paddle (球拍) in his mouth and uses his right foot to serve the ball. This inspiring player ___2___ at the world stage with his unique skills.
Hamadtou ___3___ his arms in a train accident at the age of ten. He was drawn to table tennis after being challenged by a friend. Once Hamadtou was counting points of his friends’ match, the one who disagreed on a point told Hamadtou, “___4___ your own business as you will never be able to play.” It was that statement that ___5___ him up to decide to play table tennis.
Hamadtou says the biggest ___6___ was figuring out the best way to control his body. “I was trying first to use the paddle under the arm, and I also tried using other things, which weren’t working so well. ___7___, I tried using my mouth. It took me three years to master the sport.”
In 2016, this ___8___ player won the silver medal at African Championships, which allowed him to fight for his Paralympics in 2016 and 2020.
The extraordinary athlete says, “The ___9___ is not in arms or legs but to give up in whatever you would like to do.” If you have got the strong willpower as Hamadtou, you can overcome any struggles and ___10___ anything in life.
1. A. peaceful B. voluntary C. remarkable D. mysterious
2. A. shines B. speaks C. conducts D. cheers
3. A. hurt B. lost C. lifted D. crossed
4. A. Build B. Control C. Run D. Mind
5. A. fired B. blew C. picked D. held
6. A. expectation B. change C. challenge D. operation
7. A. Finally B. Suddenly C. Normally D. Actually
8. A. faithful B. responsible C. emotional D. incredible
9. A. disappointment B. disability C. argument D. possibility
10. A. appreciate B. produce C. prove D. achieve
第二節(jié) 選詞填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）
閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句意，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞組并用其正確形式填空。
approve of；be consistent with；complain；encounter；end up
be related to；devote oneself to；convince；rely on；pretend to

11. As is known to all, physics ________ math.
12. As we missed the last bus, we ________ taking a taxi home.
13. If you want to take the position, you’ll need to ________ the boss of your enthusiasm for it.
14 You can believe what Tom said. His action ________ his words.
15. My parents need to know exactly where I plan to go before they can ________ my trip.
16. Linda decided to ________ supporting her son in pursuing his dream.
17. All passersby ________ about the stone in the center of the road, but nobody tried to move it.
18. Mark closed his eyes and ________ be asleep.
19. Sherry lost her hearing when she was young and now she ________ hearing aids and lip-reading.
20. Being an explorer means taking risks and ________ various difficulties on the road to the unknown.
第三節(jié) 語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）
閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
21. Steven was late for class, ________ made his teacher angry.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
22. Write the letter on the computer, then you can make changes ________ (easy) on screen. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
23. Thanks to his teacher’s help, Tom’s English ________ (improve) greatly in the past few years. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
24. He ________ (serve) in the army for ten years; then he retired and married. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
25. My doctor said I should have my eyes ________ (test) every 2 years. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
26. Yuan Longping always worked deep into night, ________ (prepare) for his experiment the next day. (所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空)
27. I hope one day I could live in a country ________ the sun always shines. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
28. I planned to write about Mr. Chaplin, ________ films are still very popular among a large audience. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
29. After six hours’ climbing, we succeeded in_________(get)to the top of the mountain. （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
30. Please don’t call me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow. I _____(have) my classes then. （用單詞適當(dāng)形式填空）
第二部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）
第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
Prom (舞會(huì)) Time!
A school prom is a formal party to celebrate an important date at school such as the end of secondary school or after completing school exams in Year 12 (aged 17–18). Proms are held in July, around the end of exam time. The idea is to celebrate your time and work at school. Some schools pay a professional organisation to arrange it. Others hold it themselves with a school dinner in the school hall. But they all involve big parties and big dresses. Get a plan before you go!
Clothes
You should dress up for your prom with formal wear. Many teenagers commonly wear school uniforms, but on prom night girls exchange their uniforms for beautiful evening dresses and high heels (高跟鞋). Boys that are usually only seen in jeans and trainers when not at school dress up in a suit with a tie and smart shoes. The right hairstyle and make-up are important too.
Vehicles
Arriving at your prom in large 4x4 vehicles is very popular. But it is not the standard answer. Two girls with a sense of humour arrived at their school prom both dressed as Barbie. Did they arrive in a car? No, they travelled in a more original style: their mothers made each girl a life-sized Barbie box and they were trucked to the prom party in their boxes!
Cost
The school prom is big business. The average prom costs parents over ?200 per teenager. Of course, not all families would like to spend so much money on their teenager’s prom. If your family doesn’t have the budget (預(yù)算) , you may save your pocket money or work part-time to cover the cost. There are popular jobs, including babysitting, shop work and working as a waiter or waitress.
According to the recent newspaper report, nearly 85% of schools in Britain have a prom. However, the modern school prom is not popular with most parents of teenagers.
31. A school prom is held mainly to ________.
A. enjoy school dinners B. celebrate graduation
C. start an organisation D. pass school exams
32. What do we know about school proms from the passage?
A. Boys prefer to wear jeans at proms.
B. Proms are welcomed by all teen families.
C. Expensive vehicles are necessary for proms.
D. Part-time jobs can be taken to pay for proms.
33. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To analyse the cost of school proms.
B. To present the types of school proms.
C. To offer information about school proms.
D To show attitudes towards school proms.
B
Peggy, an old border collie (柯利牧羊犬), was signed over to the RSPCA, a charity with a primary focus on rescuing and rehoming animals, after her owner could no longer communicate with her. The owner thought she could no longer work because she was not able to hear.
However, after being handed to the RSPCA, Peggy was taken in by Chloe Shorten, an animal health manager from the organisation.
Shorten and her husband, Jason, a shepherd (牧羊人), taught Peggy to understand hand signals and body language. The couple trained Peggy with the help of a sheepdog trainer and their two other working dogs, Sid and Nora.
Shorten said, “We completely fell in love with Peggy almost at first sight, and it soon became clear that she wouldn’t be going anywhere. We knew Peggy wanted to be working, so we started the long process of teaching her how to work with a shepherd without relying on voice orders.”
The couple began by training Peggy to look at them to receive hand signals. They used repetitive and positive reinforcement and instead of pairing a voice order with an action, they’d use a hand gesture. Peggy read their hand signals and body language as a way of telling what they’re asking for.
Shorten and her husband point in a certain direction to indicate where they want Peggy to go and pat their knees to call her back to them. To ask her to slow down, Shorten does a waving gesture.
Peggy is not working full-time but enjoys helping out in the fields. “It can be difficult with a deaf dog, because you have to wave at her to get her attention, and sometimes she doesn’t realize straight away,” she said. “But she’s such a happy little dog. She’s no spring chicken, and she is generally retired, but she loves going out to work with us and running around in the fields.”
34. Why was Peggy brought to the RSPCA?
A. Because she was old. B. Because she was noisy.
C. Because she was deaf. D. Because she was retired.
35. How did the couple train Peggy to communicate?
A. By relying on other sheepdogs.
B. By working long hours in the fields.
C. By using sign and gesture language.
D. By matching voice orders with actions.
36. According to the passage, which word can best describe Chloe Shorten?
A. Caring. B. Curious. C. Grateful. D. Demanding.
C
Young students are often considered “digital natives,” with technology integrated into every aspect of their lives. While this can be an advantage in some situations, research has shown that the impact is not entirely positive—the Internet allows them to quickly find information at the cost of significant distraction in class. Without being attentive, students will be incapable of processing information, which means they’re not going to be able to understand, analyse, criticise and come to some decision about the information.
When students can’t seem to focus, a common idea among teachers is that short is good. Many teachers simply cut lessons into smaller pieces. Some teachers begin classes with mindfulness exercises when students need to concentrate. However, it turns out that any sort of “tech breaks” could counteract the desires to come back to study.
Some teachers also choose to “meet students where they are” on platforms like YouTube. A 2018 study from Pearson found that students tended to stay away from physical books, preferring video as a source of information second only to teachers. By meeting students where they already engage and create, teachers can better catch attention.
However, while some educators are welcoming technology in the classroom, multiple studies have shown more traditional classrooms can be more successful. A 2014 study found taking notes in longhand helped students withhold information better than using a laptop. Researchers also point out switching between short teaching pieces too quickly could take valuable comprehension from the students. Students need time to engage with a topic before moving on.
Even many tech advocates find value in traditional methods and suggest an integrated learning. They agree teachers’ authority remains vital and the face-to-face interaction between students and teachers is still the primary component in the classroom. Technology will be favoured only when it improves a lesson in ways that are impossible offline.
Success is no longer about knowing the most. Instead, it’s the ability to think critically and creatively, the very skills that digital media weakens by lowering attention spans. If you think of people who became successful in the tech world, it wasn’t because they could code; it was because they could think. Digital natives will continue to eagerly adopt new media. Teachers have no choice but to upgrade themselves, not only to ensure students can access and take advantage of new technologies, but to educate students to succeed in a world constantly trying to distract them.
37. What result has technology brought to students?
A. It urges them to process information.
B. It prevents them obtaining information.
C. It ruins their possible classroom distraction.
D. It damages their ability to digest information.
38. What does the underlined word “counteract” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Maintain. B. Motivate. C. Reduce. D. Replace.
39. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Direct instruction takes priority in lessons.
B. Digital resources will weaken offline learning.
C. Small lessons can engage students in learning.
D. Laptop noting helps students gain knowledge better.
40. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Students need to learn to get rid of social media.
B. Teachers should progress to educate the young generation.
C. The benefits of technology on education outweigh its harm.
D. Traditional methods are favoured by both teachers and students.
D
The Price of a Piece of History
A fresh lemon can be bought for less than $1. But in 2008, Cowan’s Auctions (拍賣) in Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for $2,350. What was so special about this lemon? It was said to be from a tree planted by George Washington. According to a handwritten note attached to the bottle containing the lemon, the fruit was picked by Washington’s “old gardener” some 43 years after the first president’s death.
Collecting a piece of history, or an object associated with a famous person, is not fresh. Yet determining potential values of such objects isn’t easy. For one thing, their origin, or history of ownership, is both important and sometimes difficult to prove. Photographs of the famous person with the object, as well as letters, diaries referring to the object can help.
The uniqueness of many of historic objects makes it more difficult to put a value on them. To assess the value of a Picasso painting, one can look at recent prices paid for other Picasso paintings of the same period, similar size or style. Finding another recent sale of a lemon planted by George Washington is a different matter. Katie Horstman, head of Cowan, says she could find no comparables for the lemon as she prepared the auction. However, she finally arrived at an estimated (估計(jì)的) value by researching auction records for objects somehow associated with Washington that had appeared on the market.
Often the final selling price of objects touched by history has to do with the moods and passions of the collectors and other potential buyers expected to be present on auction day. But even the experts can make a mistake sometimes. For instance, a 2016 Christie’s sale in London included a 1935 jacket worn by Albert Einstein, and a pocket watch the physicist had owned in 1900 when he was 21 and still largely unknown. The jacket sold for ?110,500, well above its estimated value of ?40,000 to ?60,000. The watch, meanwhile, which had an estimated value of ?15,000 to ?20,000, sold for ?266,500.
Thomas Venning, director of Christie, has his explanation for why the watch sold for so much more than the jacket, and likely for more than the experts would have guessed. There are photographs of Einstein, the father of relativity, wearing the jacket, Mr. Venning says. “But Einstein’s jacket didn’t change the world. The watch, and the sense of time, is what we know him for, which made it more valuable to collectors.”
41. What do we know about the lemon sold for $2,350?
A. It has been kept well by Washington’s gardener.
B. It was associated with Washington due to a note.
C. It was collected 43 years before Washington’s death.
D. It was put in the bottle by Washington a century ago.
42. The author mentions the Picasso painting to ________.
A. highlight the difficulty of valuing the lemon
B. compare its value with Washington’s lemon
C. illustrate the way to assess a piece of history
D. analyse the value of objects related to Picasso
43. What can we learn from the passage?
A. No comparables led to the high value of the lemon.
B. The estimated value is expected to dominate the final price.
C. Passions of the collectors are the decisive factor of the value.
D. Documents referring to the object can help determine the value.
44. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Historic objects are like a mirror reflecting reality.
B. It is reasonable to value historic objects at a high price.
C. Historic objects offer people a sense of changing the world.
D. Collectors are responsive to estimated value of historic objects.
第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Filling Ip on Information
People now have access to more information than ever before thanks to the Internet. While there are clearly benefits to it, there are also unexpected effects. One in particular is information overload, commonly referred to as “infobesity”. ____45____
Infobesity can be caused by many factors. For example, information from various sources can lead to infobesity. A search on a particular topic can bring hundreds of websites with a lot of information, and you may feel very upset due to the amount of information accessible. ____46____Smart devices provide a person with information on the go, merely to stay updated. This often gets misused. As a result, people will load themselves with too much information.
____47____ They indicate that an over-exposure to information can cause people’s behavioural changes. It makes a person tired mentally and physically, directly leading to stress where the person is too tired to carry on any activity. In addition, infobesity is the enemy of good decisions. People can probably be at a loss in the face of many possibilities. ____48____
So, what can be done to reduce the effects of this condition? While there is no easy answer, one obvious step is to limit our sources of information. Sort the information we receive as important and unimportant, and try to only focus on things that really matter to us and on just one thing at a time. ____49____ And who knows?
Too much of anything is bad. This applies not only to the food one consumes, but also to the information that one receives. By taking a certain action, infobesity can be controlled at the first stage itself.
A. Experts have shown some major effects of infobesity.
B. This would give us more room to absorb information from sources.
C. Being constantly connected to technology can also result in infobesity.
D. It involves a situation where there’s too much information on a given topic.
E. We are sure about how certain types of information help us get where we want to go.
F. Since technology has got us into this mess, perhaps it will also present solutions in future.
G. One example is that, for online shoppers, a purchase can be difficult with so many choices accessible.
第三部分 書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）
（共4小題；第50、51題各2分，第52題3分，第53題5分，共12分）
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題
Are we getting more stupid? According to Gerald Crabtree, a scientist at Stanford University in the US, we are.
According to Dr. Crabtree, human intelligence may have actually mounted to the top more than 2,000 years ago and ever since then it has been going downhill. Dr. Crabtree states that genetic mutations (基因變異) during the past several thousands of years are causing a decrease in overall human intellectual and emotional fitness.
At the heart of Crabtree’s thinking is a simple idea. Our bodies choose what genes we decide to keep and pass on what will most likely benefit our children. The study explains how our body decides to keep those traits that make us most healthy and most immune, not the ones that make us most intelligent. So since we need to be healthy but possibly not as smart, we start to lose the genes that make us smart.
There are other scientists that seem to agree with Dr. Crabtree. Ray Williams, from MIT, carried out a survey of general knowledge among public school students in his study. The data showed that 77% of the students didn’t know who was the first president of America and 18% of the Americans still believed that the sun goes around the earth. So Dr. Crabtree’s idea that people could be getting stupider could be factual.
However, not everyone believes in Crabtree’s theory. James Flynn, the author of Are We Getting Smarter, argues that human mental abilities have grown, because we are learning what possibilities are open to us and have developed a wider variety of intelligence.
“You wouldn’t get Stephen Hawking 2,000 years ago,” Thomas Hills, another opponent from the University of Warwick, says, “But now we have people of his intelligent level doing things and making insights that we would never have achieved in our environment of evolutionary adaptation.”
50. What does Dr. Crabtree believe about human intelligence?
51. How did Ray Williams prove Dr. Crabtree’s theory to be true?
52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
? People who question Dr. Crabtree’s theory believe that people today have similar intelligence to people in ancient times.
53. Are you for or against Dr. Crabtree’s belief on human intelligence? Explain your reasons. In about 40 words)
第二節(jié)（20分）
54. 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高二學(xué)生李華。為迎接北京冬奧會(huì)，你校將在下周舉辦“迷你奧運(yùn)會(huì)”（the Mini-Olympics）。請(qǐng)你給交換生Jim寫一封郵件，邀請(qǐng)他參加活動(dòng)，內(nèi)容包括：
1. 活動(dòng)目的；
2. 具體安排。

注意：1．詞數(shù)100左右；
2．開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

參考答案
第一部分 知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共三節(jié)，30分）
第一節(jié) 完形填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
The Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games (殘奧會(huì)) provided plenty of drama. One of the most ___1___ performances was that of Ibrahim Hamadtou, the armless Egyptian table tennis star. While playing, he puts a paddle (球拍) in his mouth and uses his right foot to serve the ball. This inspiring player ___2___ at the world stage with his unique skills.
Hamadtou ___3___ his arms in a train accident at the age of ten. He was drawn to table tennis after being challenged by a friend. Once Hamadtou was counting points of his friends’ match, the one who disagreed on a point told Hamadtou, “___4___ your own business as you will never be able to play.” It was that statement that ___5___ him up to decide to play table tennis.
Hamadtou says the biggest ___6___ was figuring out the best way to control his body. “I was trying first to use the paddle under the arm, and I also tried using other things, which weren’t working so well. ___7___, I tried using my mouth. It took me three years to master the sport.”
In 2016, this ___8___ player won the silver medal at African Championships, which allowed him to fight for his Paralympics in 2016 and 2020.
The extraordinary athlete says, “The ___9___ is not in arms or legs but to give up in whatever you would like to do.” If you have got the strong willpower as Hamadtou, you can overcome any struggles and ___10___ anything in life.
1. A. peaceful B. voluntary C. remarkable D. mysterious
2. A. shines B. speaks C. conducts D. cheers
3. A. hurt B. lost C. lifted D. crossed
4. A. Build B. Control C. Run D. Mind
5. A. fired B. blew C. picked D. held
6. A. expectation B. change C. challenge D. operation
7. A. Finally B. Suddenly C. Normally D. Actually
8. A. faithful B. responsible C. emotional D. incredible
9. A. disappointment B. disability C. argument D. possibility
10. A. appreciate B. produce C. prove D. achieve
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. D
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章通過殘疾人哈馬圖的勵(lì)志故事告訴我們：如果你有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志力，你就能克服任何困難，在生活中取得任何成就。
【1題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：其中最引人注目的表演之一是無(wú)臂埃及乒乓球明星易卜拉欣·哈馬圖。A. peaceful 和平的、寧?kù)o的；B. voluntary 自愿的、志愿的；C. remarkable 引人注目的、非凡的；D. mysterious 神秘的。根據(jù)下文“While playing, he puts a paddle in his mouth and uses his right foot to serve the ball”可知，打球時(shí)，他把球拍放在嘴里，用右腳發(fā)球，說(shuō)明這是“引人注目、非凡的”的表演。故選C項(xiàng)。
【2題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)鼓舞人心的球員在世界舞臺(tái)上閃耀著他獨(dú)特的技能。A. shines 閃耀、發(fā)光；B. speaks 談話、說(shuō)；C. conducts 實(shí)施、指揮；D. cheers 歡呼、喝彩。根據(jù)上文“While playing, he puts a paddle in his mouth and uses his right foot to serve the ball”可知，他的打球技能是很獨(dú)特的，所以用“閃耀”在舞臺(tái)更符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。
【3題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：哈馬圖十歲時(shí)在一次火車事故中失去了雙臂。A. hurt 傷害、疼痛；B. lost 失去、丟失；C. lifted 舉起、抬升；D. crossed 交叉、越過。根據(jù)上文“the armless Egyptian table tennis star”可知，他是一位無(wú)臂乒乓球明星，所以此處指“失去”了雙臂。故選B項(xiàng)。
【4題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：有一次，哈馬圖正在為他的朋友們計(jì)算分?jǐn)?shù)，一個(gè)在分?jǐn)?shù)上有分歧的人對(duì)哈馬圖說(shuō)：“管好你自己的事吧，因?yàn)槟阌肋h(yuǎn)都不能打球?！盇.Build 建造；B. Control 控制；C. Run 奔跑、經(jīng)營(yíng)；D. Mind 介意、關(guān)心。根據(jù)下“文 you will never be able to play”可知，這是對(duì)他的嘲諷，所以用mind one's own business表示“管好自己的事”。故選D項(xiàng)。
【5題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：正是那句話激發(fā)了他打乒乓球的決心。A. fired 點(diǎn)火、激發(fā)；B. blew 吹；C. picked 撿、采摘；D. held 抓住、舉辦。根據(jù)上文朋友對(duì)他的諷刺的話可知，這些話應(yīng)該是“激發(fā)”了他的決心，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。
【6題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：哈馬圖說(shuō)，最大的挑戰(zhàn)是找到最好的方法來(lái)控制他的身體。A. expectation 期望；B. change 變化、零錢；C. challenge 挑戰(zhàn)；D. operation 操作、手術(shù)。根據(jù)下文“figuring out the best way to control his body”可知，作為一個(gè)無(wú)臂球員，控制身體肯定不容易，所以應(yīng)該是一種“挑戰(zhàn)”。故選C項(xiàng)。
【7題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，我試著用我的嘴。A. Finally 最后、最終；B. Suddenly 突然地；C. Normally 正常地；D. Actually 實(shí)際上、事實(shí)上。根據(jù)上文“I was trying first to use the paddle under the arm, and I also tried using other things, which weren’t working so well”和下文“I tried using my mouth”可知，前文嘗試過了用胳膊和其他部位，所以應(yīng)該是“最后”是試著用嘴。故選A項(xiàng)。
【8題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：2016年，這位令人難以置信的運(yùn)動(dòng)員在非洲錦標(biāo)賽上獲得了銀牌，這讓他得以參加2016年和2020年的殘奧會(huì)。A. faithful 忠誠(chéng)的、可信任的；B. responsible 負(fù)責(zé)的、有責(zé)任的；C. emotional 情感的、情緒的；D. incredible 難以置信的、不可思議的。根據(jù)上文“It took me three years to master the sport”可知，一個(gè)殘疾運(yùn)動(dòng)員花費(fèi)了三年時(shí)間掌握這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，所以他是“令人難以置信的”運(yùn)動(dòng)員，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。
【9題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這位杰出的運(yùn)動(dòng)員說(shuō)：“殘疾不在于胳膊或腿，而在于放棄你想做的事情?！? A. disappointment 失望、沮喪；B. disability 殘疾、缺陷；C. argument 辯論、爭(zhēng)論；D. possibility 可能性。根據(jù)上文“the armless Egyptian table tennis star”以及下文“not in arms or legs”可知，“殘疾”不在于胳膊或腿。故選B項(xiàng)。
【10題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你有哈馬圖那樣堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志力，你就能克服任何困難，在生活中取得任何成就。A. appreciate 欣賞、感激；B. produce 生產(chǎn)、產(chǎn)生；C. prove 證明；D. achieve 實(shí)現(xiàn)、取得。根據(jù)前文“overcome any struggles”可知，此處用“實(shí)現(xiàn)”成就與之對(duì)應(yīng)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。
第二節(jié) 選詞填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）
閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句意，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞組并用其正確形式填空。
approve of；be consistent with；complain；encounter；end up
be related to；devote oneself to；convince；rely on；pretend to

11. As is known to all, physics ________ math.
12. As we missed the last bus, we ________ taking a taxi home.
13. If you want to take the position, you’ll need to ________ the boss of your enthusiasm for it.
14. You can believe what Tom said. His action ________ his words.
15. My parents need to know exactly where I plan to go before they can ________ my trip.
16. Linda decided to ________ supporting her son in pursuing his dream.
17. All passersby ________ about the stone in the center of the road, but nobody tried to move it.
18. Mark closed his eyes and ________ be asleep.
19. Sherry lost her hearing when she was young and now she ________ hearing aids and lip-reading.
20. Being an explorer means taking risks and ________ various difficulties on the road to the unknown.
【答案】11. is related to
12. ended up
13. convince
14. is consistent with
15. approve of
16. devote herself to
17. complained
18. pretended to
19. relies on
20. encountering
【解析】
【11題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)及短語(yǔ)。句意：眾所周知，物理與數(shù)學(xué)有關(guān)。根據(jù)句意，此處表示 “與……有關(guān)”，故用短語(yǔ)be related to。此句描述一般事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主語(yǔ)physics是單數(shù)名詞，故填is related to。
【12題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)及短語(yǔ)。句意：因?yàn)槲覀冨e(cuò)過了最后一班公交車，最終打車回家。根據(jù)missed可知，時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)。此處考查短語(yǔ)end up doing sth.表示“最后做某事”。根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)，故填ended up。
【13題詳解】
考查不定式。句意：如果你想擔(dān)任這個(gè)職位，你需要使老板相信你對(duì)這個(gè)職位的熱情。根據(jù)短語(yǔ)need to do sth.可知，此處應(yīng)填不定式。根據(jù)空前to，此處填動(dòng)詞原形。表示“使……信服、相信”，故填convince。
【14題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)及短語(yǔ)。句意：你可以相信Tom說(shuō)的話。他言行一致。根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處表示“與……一致”，故用短語(yǔ)be consistent with。此句描述一般事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)He，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填is consistent with。
【15題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：我的父母要在同意我去旅行前，要確切知道我打算去哪里。根據(jù)空前can可知，其后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞原形。根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)表示“同意”，故用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)approve of。故填approve of。
【16題詳解】
考查不定式及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：Linda決定全心支持兒子追夢(mèng)。根據(jù)短語(yǔ)decide to do及空前的to可知，此處填動(dòng)詞原形。根據(jù)句意，此處表示“全心……”，故用短語(yǔ)devote oneself to。oneself與主語(yǔ)Linda一致，故用herself，故填devote herself to。
【17題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)及動(dòng)詞。句意：所有的路人都抱怨路中間的石頭，但沒人盡力搬它。根據(jù)tried可知，時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)。根據(jù)句意，此處表示“抱怨”，故用動(dòng)詞過去式complained。故填complained。
【18題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：Mark閉著眼睛假裝睡著。根據(jù)closed可知，時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)。根據(jù)句意，此處表示“假裝做某事”，故用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)pretend to do sth.。根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)，故填pretended to。
【19題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：Sherry小的時(shí)候失聰了，現(xiàn)在她依靠助聽器和唇語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意，此處表示“依靠”，故用短語(yǔ)rely on。根據(jù)now，表示與過去對(duì)比，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，。根據(jù)主語(yǔ)she，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填relies on。
【20題詳解】
考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：作為一名探險(xiǎn)家，意味著在通往未知的道路上冒險(xiǎn)，并遇到各種困難。根據(jù)mean doing sth.及and表并列可知，此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞，與taking保持并列。根據(jù)句意，此處表示“遭遇、遇到”，故填encountering。
第三節(jié) 語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）
閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
21. Steven was late for class, ________ made his teacher angry.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
【答案】which
【解析】
【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：Steven上課遲到使他的老師很生氣。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，缺少引導(dǎo)詞，指代“Steven上課遲到”這件事，作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。
22. Write the letter on the computer, then you can make changes ________ (easy) on screen. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】easily
【解析】
【詳解】考查副詞。句意：在計(jì)算機(jī)上寫信，然后你可以輕易地在屏幕上進(jìn)行更改。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用副詞easily，表示“輕易地、簡(jiǎn)單地”，作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞changes，故填easily。
23. Thanks to his teacher’s help, Tom’s English ________ (improve) greatly in the past few years. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】has improved
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：由于老師的幫助，湯姆的英語(yǔ)在過去幾年里有了很大的進(jìn)步。根據(jù)后文in the past few years可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為 Tom’s English，助動(dòng)詞用has。故填has improved。
24. He ________ (serve) in the army for ten years; then he retired and married. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】had served
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他已經(jīng)在軍隊(duì)服役10年了，然后他退休并結(jié)婚了。根據(jù)retired and married和for ten years可知，服兵役發(fā)生在退休和結(jié)婚前，時(shí)態(tài)用過去完成時(shí)。故填had served。
25. My doctor said I should have my eyes ________ (test) every 2 years. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】tested
【解析】
【詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：我的醫(yī)生說(shuō)我應(yīng)該每?jī)赡隀z測(cè)一次眼睛。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此處考查have sth. done，表示“使……被”。故此teste與eyes在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，故填tested。
26. Yuan Longping always worked deep into night, ________ (prepare) for his experiment the next day. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】preparing
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：袁隆平總是工作到深夜，為第二天的實(shí)驗(yàn)做準(zhǔn)備。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，空處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做伴隨狀語(yǔ)，和句子的主語(yǔ)Yuan Longping為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以要用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填preparing。
27. I hope one day I could live in a country ________ the sun always shines. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意：我希望有一天能夠住在鄉(xiāng)村，那里的太陽(yáng)很閃耀。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處缺少定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，指代先行詞country，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。故填where。
28. I planned to write about Mr. Chaplin, ________ films are still very popular among a large audience. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
【答案】whose
【解析】
【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意：我計(jì)劃寫一篇關(guān)于卓別林先生的文章，他的電影仍然很受廣大觀眾的歡迎?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞Mr. Chaplin，指人且在從句中作定語(yǔ)，用whose引導(dǎo)。故填whose。
29. After six hours’ climbing, we succeeded in_________(get)to the top of the mountain. （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
【答案】getting
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：經(jīng)過6個(gè)小時(shí)的爬山過后，我們成功到達(dá)山頂。短語(yǔ)succeed in doing sth.表示“成功做某事”，故此處用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故填getting。
30. Please don’t call me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow. I _____(have) my classes then. （用單詞適當(dāng)形式填空）
【答案】will be having
【解析】
【詳解】考查將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意：明天8點(diǎn)到10點(diǎn)之間請(qǐng)不要給我打電話。那時(shí)我正在上課。分析句意，根據(jù)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法“表示主語(yǔ)在將來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在做某事”可知，明天8點(diǎn)到10點(diǎn)之間不要打電話是因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)時(shí)候“我”正在上課。故填will be having。
第二部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）
第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
Prom (舞會(huì)) Time!
A school prom is a formal party to celebrate an important date at school such as the end of secondary school or after completing school exams in Year 12 (aged 17–18). Proms are held in July, around the end of exam time. The idea is to celebrate your time and work at school. Some schools pay a professional organisation to arrange it. Others hold it themselves with a school dinner in the school hall. But they all involve big parties and big dresses. Get a plan before you go!
Clothes
You should dress up for your prom with formal wear. Many teenagers commonly wear school uniforms, but on prom night girls exchange their uniforms for beautiful evening dresses and high heels (高跟鞋). Boys that are usually only seen in jeans and trainers when not at school dress up in a suit with a tie and smart shoes. The right hairstyle and make-up are important too.
Vehicles
Arriving at your prom in large 4x4 vehicles is very popular. But it is not the standard answer. Two girls with a sense of humour arrived at their school prom both dressed as Barbie. Did they arrive in a car? No, they travelled in a more original style: their mothers made each girl a life-sized Barbie box and they were trucked to the prom party in their boxes!
Cost
The school prom is big business. The average prom costs parents over ?200 per teenager. Of course, not all families would like to spend so much money on their teenager’s prom. If your family doesn’t have the budget (預(yù)算) , you may save your pocket money or work part-time to cover the cost. There are popular jobs, including babysitting, shop work and working as a waiter or waitress.
According to the recent newspaper report, nearly 85% of schools in Britain have a prom. However, the modern school prom is not popular with most parents of teenagers.
31. A school prom is held mainly to ________.
A. enjoy school dinners B. celebrate graduation
C. start an organisation D. pass school exams
32. What do we know about school proms from the passage?
A. Boys prefer to wear jeans at proms.
B. Proms are welcomed by all teen families.
C. Expensive vehicles are necessary for proms.
D. Part-time jobs can be taken to pay for proms.
33. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To analyse the cost of school proms.
B. To present the types of school proms.
C. To offer information about school proms.
D. To show attitudes towards school proms.
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述學(xué)校舞會(huì)是一種正式的聚會(huì)，用來(lái)慶祝學(xué)校里的一個(gè)重要日子，幾乎每個(gè)學(xué)校都會(huì)舉辦學(xué)校舞會(huì)。本文就如何在學(xué)校舞會(huì)開始前做精心的準(zhǔn)備給出一些信息。
【31題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句話“A school prom is a formal party to celebrate an important date at school such as the end of secondary school or after completing school exams in Year 12 (aged 17–18). ”（學(xué)校舞會(huì)是一種正式的聚會(huì)，用來(lái)慶祝學(xué)校里的一個(gè)重要日子，如中學(xué)畢業(yè)或在12年級(jí)（17-18歲）完成學(xué)?？荚嚭螅┛芍瑢W(xué)校舞會(huì)是用來(lái)慶祝如中學(xué)畢業(yè)或完成十二年級(jí)學(xué)?？荚囘@樣的重要日子。故選B。
【32題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第三句話“If your family doesn’t have the budget (預(yù)算) , you may save your pocket money or work part-time to cover the cost.”（如果你的家庭沒有預(yù)算，你可以省下零用錢或做兼職來(lái)支付費(fèi)用）可知，學(xué)生們可以通過做兼職工作來(lái)支付學(xué)校舞會(huì)的費(fèi)用。故選D。
【33題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)本文的標(biāo)題“Prom (舞會(huì)) Time!”（舞會(huì)時(shí)間）以及第一段最后兩句話“But they all involve big parties and big dresses. Get a plan before you go!”（但它們都涉及大型聚會(huì)和大型服裝。在你參加之前制定一個(gè)計(jì)劃?。┙Y(jié)合下文對(duì)服裝、車輛、花銷的說(shuō)明可知，本文就如何在學(xué)校舞會(huì)開始前做精心的準(zhǔn)備給出一些信息。故選C。
B
Peggy, an old border collie (柯利牧羊犬), was signed over to the RSPCA, a charity with a primary focus on rescuing and rehoming animals, after her owner could no longer communicate with her. The owner thought she could no longer work because she was not able to hear.
However, after being handed to the RSPCA, Peggy was taken in by Chloe Shorten, an animal health manager from the organisation.
Shorten and her husband, Jason, a shepherd (牧羊人), taught Peggy to understand hand signals and body language. The couple trained Peggy with the help of a sheepdog trainer and their two other working dogs, Sid and Nora.
Shorten said, “We completely fell in love with Peggy almost at first sight, and it soon became clear that she wouldn’t be going anywhere. We knew Peggy wanted to be working, so we started the long process of teaching her how to work with a shepherd without relying on voice orders.”
The couple began by training Peggy to look at them to receive hand signals. They used repetitive and positive reinforcement and instead of pairing a voice order with an action, they’d use a hand gesture. Peggy read their hand signals and body language as a way of telling what they’re asking for.
Shorten and her husband point in a certain direction to indicate where they want Peggy to go and pat their knees to call her back to them. To ask her to slow down, Shorten does a waving gesture.
Peggy is not working full-time but enjoys helping out in the fields. “It can be difficult with a deaf dog, because you have to wave at her to get her attention, and sometimes she doesn’t realize straight away,” she said. “But she’s such a happy little dog. She’s no spring chicken, and she is generally retired, but she loves going out to work with us and running around in the fields.”
34. Why was Peggy brought to the RSPCA?
A. Because she was old. B. Because she was noisy.
C. Because she was deaf. D. Because she was retired.
35. How did the couple train Peggy to communicate?
A. By relying on other sheepdogs.
B. By working long hours in the fields.
C. By using sign and gesture language.
D. By matching voice orders with actions.
36. According to the passage, which word can best describe Chloe Shorten?
A. Caring. B. Curious. C. Grateful. D. Demanding.
【答案】34. C 35. C 36. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是牧羊犬Peggy變聾后，Chloe Shorten是如何訓(xùn)練她交流的。
【34題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“The owner thought she could no longer work because she was not able to hear.（主人認(rèn)為她不能再工作了，因?yàn)樗牪灰姡焙偷诙沃小癏owever, after being handed to the RSPCA, Peggy was taken in by Chloe Shorten, an animal health manager from the organisation.（然而，在Peggy 被交給皇家防止虐待動(dòng)物協(xié)會(huì)后，該組織的動(dòng)物健康經(jīng)理Chloe Shorten收養(yǎng)了她）”，可知，Peggy變聾了，所以被帶到RSPCA。故選C。
【35題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Shorten and her husband, Jason, a shepherd (牧羊人), taught Peggy to understand hand signals and body language.（Shorten 和她的牧羊人丈夫Jason教Peggy 理解手勢(shì)和肢體語(yǔ)言）”，和第五段中“The couple began by training Peggy to look at them to receive hand signals. They used repetitive and positive reinforcement and instead of pairing a voice order with an action, they’d use a hand gesture. Peggy read their hand signals and body language as a way of telling what they’re asking for. （這對(duì)夫婦開始訓(xùn)練Peggy 看著他們來(lái)接收手勢(shì)。 他們使用重復(fù)和積極的強(qiáng)化，而不是將聲音順序與動(dòng)作配對(duì)，他們會(huì)使用一個(gè)手勢(shì)。 Peggy 讀懂了他們的手勢(shì)和肢體語(yǔ)言，以此來(lái)表達(dá)他們的要求）”，可知，這對(duì)夫婦通過使用手語(yǔ)和手勢(shì)語(yǔ)言來(lái)訓(xùn)練Peggy交流。故選C。
【36題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“We completely fell in love with Peggy almost at first sight, and it soon became clear that she wouldn’t be going anywhere. We knew Peggy wanted to be working, so we started the long process of teaching her how to work with a shepherd without relying on voice orders.（我們幾乎是第一眼看到Peggy 就徹底愛上了她，很快我們就明白，她哪兒也去不了。 我們知道Peggy 想要工作，所以我們開始了一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的過程，教她如何在不依賴語(yǔ)音指令的情況下與牧羊人一起工作）”，可知，Chloe Shorten具有關(guān)愛，有同情心，所以描述Chloe Shorten的最好的詞匯是“caring”。故選A。
C
Young students are often considered “digital natives,” with technology integrated into every aspect of their lives. While this can be an advantage in some situations, research has shown that the impact is not entirely positive—the Internet allows them to quickly find information at the cost of significant distraction in class. Without being attentive, students will be incapable of processing information, which means they’re not going to be able to understand, analyse, criticise and come to some decision about the information.
When students can’t seem to focus, a common idea among teachers is that short is good. Many teachers simply cut lessons into smaller pieces. Some teachers begin classes with mindfulness exercises when students need to concentrate. However, it turns out that any sort of “tech breaks” could counteract the desires to come back to study.
Some teachers also choose to “meet students where they are” on platforms like YouTube. A 2018 study from Pearson found that students tended to stay away from physical books, preferring video as a source of information second only to teachers. By meeting students where they already engage and create, teachers can better catch attention.
However, while some educators are welcoming technology in the classroom, multiple studies have shown more traditional classrooms can be more successful. A 2014 study found taking notes in longhand helped students withhold information better than using a laptop. Researchers also point out switching between short teaching pieces too quickly could take valuable comprehension from the students. Students need time to engage with a topic before moving on.
Even many tech advocates find value in traditional methods and suggest an integrated learning. They agree teachers’ authority remains vital and the face-to-face interaction between students and teachers is still the primary component in the classroom. Technology will be favoured only when it improves a lesson in ways that are impossible offline.
Success is no longer about knowing the most. Instead, it’s the ability to think critically and creatively, the very skills that digital media weakens by lowering attention spans. If you think of people who became successful in the tech world, it wasn’t because they could code; it was because they could think. Digital natives will continue to eagerly adopt new media. Teachers have no choice but to upgrade themselves, not only to ensure students can access and take advantage of new technologies, but to educate students to succeed in a world constantly trying to distract them.
37. What result has technology brought to students?
A. It urges them to process information.
B. It prevents them obtaining information.
C. It ruins their possible classroom distraction.
D. It damages their ability to digest information.
38. What does the underlined word “counteract” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Maintain. B. Motivate. C. Reduce. D. Replace.
39. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Direct instruction takes priority in lessons.
B. Digital resources will weaken offline learning.
C. Small lessons can engage students in learning.
D. Laptop noting helps students gain knowledge better.
40. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Students need to learn to get rid of social media.
B. Teachers should progress to educate the young generation.
C. The benefits of technology on education outweigh its harm.
D. Traditional methods are favoured by both teachers and students.
【答案】37. D 38. C 39. A 40. B
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述現(xiàn)在電子科技已經(jīng)融入到了年輕學(xué)生的生活中，研究表明互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓他們能夠快速找到信息，而代價(jià)是課堂上的注意力嚴(yán)重分散。教師別無(wú)選擇，只能自我提升，這不僅是為了確保學(xué)生能夠接觸和利用新技術(shù)，也是為了教育學(xué)生在一個(gè)不斷試圖分散他們注意力的世界中取得成功。
【37題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話“Without being attentive, students will be incapable of processing information, which means they’re not going to be able to understand, analyse, criticise and come to some decision about the information.”（如果注意力不集中，學(xué)生將無(wú)法處理信息，這意味著他們將無(wú)法理解、分析、批評(píng)并對(duì)信息做出決定。）可推知，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)會(huì)讓學(xué)生的注意力分散，注意力分散后就不能很好的去消化所獲得的信息。故選D。
【38題詳解】
詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第三句話“Some teachers begin classes with mindfulness exercises when students need to concentrate.”（當(dāng)學(xué)生需要集中注意力時(shí)，一些老師開始上課時(shí)進(jìn)行正念練習(xí)。）以及轉(zhuǎn)折連詞however可知前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。根據(jù)劃線所在句子的“ any sort of “tech breaks””（任何形式的“技術(shù)突破”）和后面的“the desires to come back to study”（重返學(xué)習(xí)的欲望）可知，老師在上課是會(huì)想一些辦法讓學(xué)生集中注意力，但是，只要碰上和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有關(guān)的東西，就會(huì)降低孩子們學(xué)習(xí)的欲望，所以counteract的意思為“減少，降低”。故選C。
【39題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一、二句話“Even many tech advocates find value in traditional methods and suggest an integrated learning. They agree teachers’ authority remains vital and the face-to-face interaction between students and teachers is still the primary component in the classroom. ”（甚至許多技術(shù)倡導(dǎo)者也發(fā)現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)方法的價(jià)值，并建議進(jìn)行綜合學(xué)習(xí)。他們同意教師的權(quán)威仍然至關(guān)重要，師生面對(duì)面的互動(dòng)仍然是課堂的主要組成部分。）可知，在教學(xué)當(dāng)中，我們應(yīng)該遵循傳統(tǒng)的方法，老師和學(xué)生面對(duì)面教學(xué)，老師對(duì)學(xué)生做出直接的指導(dǎo)應(yīng)該在教學(xué)中占優(yōu)先地位。故選A。
【40題詳解】
文章大意題。通讀全文，并結(jié)合最后一段最后一句話“Teachers have no choice but to upgrade themselves, not only to ensure students can access and take advantage of new technologies, but to educate students to succeed in a world constantly trying to distract them.”（教師別無(wú)選擇，只能自我提升，這不僅是為了確保學(xué)生能夠接觸和利用新技術(shù)，也是為了教育學(xué)生在一個(gè)不斷試圖分散他們注意力的世界中取得成功。）可知，這篇文章想要表達(dá)我們不可能避免網(wǎng)絡(luò)或科技給學(xué)生們帶來(lái)的害處，只有老師不斷提升自己來(lái)教育年輕的一代，讓他們?cè)谝粋€(gè)不斷試圖分散他們注意力的世界中取得成功。故選B。
D
The Price of a Piece of History
A fresh lemon can be bought for less than $1. But in 2008, Cowan’s Auctions (拍賣) in Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for $2,350. What was so special about this lemon? It was said to be from a tree planted by George Washington. According to a handwritten note attached to the bottle containing the lemon, the fruit was picked by Washington’s “old gardener” some 43 years after the first president’s death.
Collecting a piece of history, or an object associated with a famous person, is not fresh. Yet determining potential values of such objects isn’t easy. For one thing, their origin, or history of ownership, is both important and sometimes difficult to prove. Photographs of the famous person with the object, as well as letters, diaries referring to the object can help.
The uniqueness of many of historic objects makes it more difficult to put a value on them. To assess the value of a Picasso painting, one can look at recent prices paid for other Picasso paintings of the same period, similar size or style. Finding another recent sale of a lemon planted by George Washington is a different matter. Katie Horstman, head of Cowan, says she could find no comparables for the lemon as she prepared the auction. However, she finally arrived at an estimated (估計(jì)) value by researching auction records for objects somehow associated with Washington that had appeared on the market.
Often the final selling price of objects touched by history has to do with the moods and passions of the collectors and other potential buyers expected to be present on auction day. But even the experts can make a mistake sometimes. For instance, a 2016 Christie’s sale in London included a 1935 jacket worn by Albert Einstein, and a pocket watch the physicist had owned in 1900 when he was 21 and still largely unknown. The jacket sold for ?110,500, well above its estimated value of ?40,000 to ?60,000. The watch, meanwhile, which had an estimated value of ?15,000 to ?20,000, sold for ?266,500.
Thomas Venning, director of Christie, has his explanation for why the watch sold for so much more than the jacket, and likely for more than the experts would have guessed. There are photographs of Einstein, the father of relativity, wearing the jacket, Mr. Venning says. “But Einstein’s jacket didn’t change the world. The watch, and the sense of time, is what we know him for, which made it more valuable to collectors.”
41. What do we know about the lemon sold for $2,350?
A. It has been kept well by Washington’s gardener.
B. It was associated with Washington due to a note.
C. It was collected 43 years before Washington’s death.
D. It was put in the bottle by Washington a century ago.
42. The author mentions the Picasso painting to ________.
A. highlight the difficulty of valuing the lemon
B. compare its value with Washington’s lemon
C. illustrate the way to assess a piece of history
D. analyse the value of objects related to Picasso
43. What can we learn from the passage?
A. No comparables led to the high value of the lemon.
B. The estimated value is expected to dominate the final price.
C. Passions of the collectors are the decisive factor of the value.
D. Documents referring to the object can help determine the value.
44. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Historic objects are like a mirror reflecting reality.
B. It is reasonable to value historic objects at a high price.
C. Historic objects offer people a sense of changing the world.
D. Collectors are responsive to estimated value of historic objects.
【答案】41 B 42. A 43. D 44. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了幾個(gè)名人物品的拍賣案例以及評(píng)估名人物品的拍賣價(jià)值的難度。
【41題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“According to a handwritten note attached to the bottle containing the lemon, the fruit was picked by Washington’s “old gardener” some 43 years after the first president’s death.（據(jù)裝檸檬的瓶子上的一張手寫紙條顯示，這顆檸檬是在美國(guó)第一位總統(tǒng)去世43年后，由華盛頓的“老園丁”采摘的。）”可知，這個(gè)賣了2350美元的檸檬與華盛頓的聯(lián)系是由于一張便條。故選B。
【42題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“The uniqueness of many of historic objects makes it more difficult to put a value on them. To assess the value of a Picasso painting, one can look at recent prices paid for other Picasso paintings of the same period, similar size or style.（許多歷史文物的獨(dú)特性使得給它們估價(jià)變得更加困難。要想了解畢加索一幅畫的價(jià)值，可以看看同時(shí)期、類似大小或風(fēng)格的其他畢加索畫作的近期價(jià)格。）”可推斷，作者提到畢加索的畫是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)給檸檬估價(jià)的困難。故選A。
【43題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Photographs of the famous person with the object, as well as letters, diaries referring to the object can help.（名人拿著該物品的照片，以及與該物品相關(guān)的信件和日記都能有所幫助。）”可知，與該物品有關(guān)的文檔可以幫助確定該價(jià)值。故選D。
【44題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““But Einstein’s jacket didn’t change the world. The watch, and the sense of time, is what we know him for, which made it more valuable to collectors.”（但愛因斯坦的夾克并沒有改變世界。手表和時(shí)間感是我們認(rèn)識(shí)他的原因，這讓他對(duì)收藏者來(lái)說(shuō)更有價(jià)值。）”可推斷，歷史文物價(jià)值高是合理的。故選B。
第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Filling Ip on Information
People now have access to more information than ever before thanks to the Internet. While there are clearly benefits to it, there are also unexpected effects. One in particular is information overload, commonly referred to as “infobesity”. ____45____
Infobesity can be caused by many factors. For example, information from various sources can lead to infobesity. A search on a particular topic can bring hundreds of websites with a lot of information, and you may feel very upset due to the amount of information accessible. ____46____Smart devices provide a person with information on the go, merely to stay updated. This often gets misused. As a result, people will load themselves with too much information.
____47____ They indicate that an over-exposure to information can cause people’s behavioural changes. It makes a person tired mentally and physically, directly leading to stress where the person is too tired to carry on any activity. In addition, infobesity is the enemy of good decisions. People can probably be at a loss in the face of many possibilities. ____48____
So, what can be done to reduce the effects of this condition? While there is no easy answer, one obvious step is to limit our sources of information. Sort the information we receive as important and unimportant, and try to only focus on things that really matter to us and on just one thing at a time. ____49____ And who knows?
Too much of anything is bad. This applies not only to the food one consumes, but also to the information that one receives. By taking a certain action, infobesity can be controlled at the first stage itself.
A. Experts have shown some major effects of infobesity.
B. This would give us more room to absorb information from sources.
C. Being constantly connected to technology can also result in infobesity.
D. It involves a situation where there’s too much information on a given topic.
E. We are sure about how certain types of information help us get where we want to go.
F. Since technology has got us into this mess, perhaps it will also present solutions in future.
G. One example is that, for online shoppers, a purchase can be difficult with so many choices accessible.
【答案】45. D 46. C 47. A 48. G 49. F
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了導(dǎo)致信息肥胖癥的原因，對(duì)人們的影響以及應(yīng)對(duì)信息肥胖癥的方法。
【45題詳解】
上文“One in particular is information overload, commonly referred to as “infobesity.””（一個(gè)特別問題是信息超負(fù)荷，通常被稱為“信息肥胖癥”。）說(shuō)明信息超負(fù)荷通常被稱為“信息肥胖癥”，空處應(yīng)介紹信息肥胖癥的內(nèi)容是什么，D項(xiàng)“它包含給定主題的信息太多的情況?！狈项}意。故選D。
【46題詳解】
上文“A search on a particular topic can bring hundreds of websites with a lot of information, and you may feel very upset due to the amount of information accessible.”（一個(gè)特定主題的搜索可以帶來(lái)數(shù)百個(gè)網(wǎng)站，其中包含大量信息，你可能會(huì)因?yàn)榭稍L問的信息量而感到非常不安。）說(shuō)明使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索也可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致信息超負(fù)荷，C項(xiàng)“不斷地與技術(shù)聯(lián)系也能導(dǎo)致信息肥胖癥?！狈项}意。故選C。
【47題詳解】
下文“They indicate that an over-exposure to information can cause people’s behavioural changes. It makes a person tired mentally and physically, directly leading to stress where the person is too tired to carry on any activity.”（他們提示過度接觸信息會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們的行為改變。它使人身心疲憊，直接導(dǎo)致壓力，使人疲憊不堪，無(wú)法進(jìn)行任何活動(dòng)。）說(shuō)明專家提出信息肥胖癥的影響，A項(xiàng)中Experts（專家們）是關(guān)鍵詞，說(shuō)明專家們所做的事情，A項(xiàng)“專家們已經(jīng)展示了一些信息肥胖癥的主要影響?！狈项}意。故選A。
【48題詳解】
上文“In addition, infobesity is the enemy of good decisions. People can probably be at a loss in the face of many possibilities.”（此外，信息肥胖癥是良好決策的敵人。面對(duì)許多可能性，人們可能會(huì)不知所措。）說(shuō)明信息超負(fù)荷可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們無(wú)法做出好的決定，G項(xiàng)“一個(gè)例子是，對(duì)于在線購(gòu)物者來(lái)說(shuō)，有如此多的選擇可供選擇，購(gòu)買可能很困難。”對(duì)此進(jìn)行舉例說(shuō)明，符合題意。故選G。
【49題詳解】
下文“And who knows?”（誰(shuí)知道呢？）說(shuō)明并不確定，所以空處應(yīng)提出方法，但是方法是否奏效并不確定，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“既然技術(shù)讓我們陷入了這樣的困境，也許它也會(huì)在未來(lái)提出解決方案?！狈项}意。故選F。
第三部分 書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）
（共4小題；第50、51題各2分，第52題3分，第53題5分，共12分）
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。
Are we getting more stupid? According to Gerald Crabtree, a scientist at Stanford University in the US, we are.
According to Dr. Crabtree, human intelligence may have actually mounted to the top more than 2,000 years ago and ever since then it has been going downhill. Dr. Crabtree states that genetic mutations (基因變異) during the past several thousands of years are causing a decrease in overall human intellectual and emotional fitness.
At the heart of Crabtree’s thinking is a simple idea. Our bodies choose what genes we decide to keep and pass on what will most likely benefit our children. The study explains how our body decides to keep those traits that make us most healthy and most immune, not the ones that make us most intelligent. So since we need to be healthy but possibly not as smart, we start to lose the genes that make us smart.
There are other scientists that seem to agree with Dr. Crabtree. Ray Williams, from MIT, carried out a survey of general knowledge among public school students in his study. The data showed that 77% of the students didn’t know who was the first president of America and 18% of the Americans still believed that the sun goes around the earth. So Dr. Crabtree’s idea that people could be getting stupider could be factual.
However, not everyone believes in Crabtree’s theory. James Flynn, the author of Are We Getting Smarter, argues that human mental abilities have grown, because we are learning what possibilities are open to us and have developed a wider variety of intelligence.
“You wouldn’t get Stephen Hawking 2,000 years ago,” Thomas Hills, another opponent from the University of Warwick, says, “But now we have people of his intelligent level doing things and making insights that we would never have achieved in our environment of evolutionary adaptation.”
50. What does Dr. Crabtree believe about human intelligence?
51. How did Ray Williams prove Dr. Crabtree’s theory to be true?
52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
? People who question Dr. Crabtree’s theory believe that people today have similar intelligence to people in ancient times.
53. Are you for or against Dr. Crabtree’s belief on human intelligence? Explain your reasons. In about 40 words)
【答案】50. Human intelligence has been going downhill since 2000 years ago.
51. By carrying out a survey and providing data.
52. People who question Dr. Crabtree’s theory believe that people today have similar intelligence to people in ancient times.
According to the author, people who question Dr. Crabtree’s theory believe that people today have a wider variety of intelligence than people in ancient times.
53. (1) I don’t agree with Dr. Crabtree’s belief. Since 2,000 years ago, the society has developed from the primitive to advanced. If human intelligence had gone downhill, there would be no inventions which promote the social and technological development.
(2) I support Dr. Crabtree’s theory. Our ancient ancestors created fabulous inventions, like Chinese four great inventions, and these inventions greatly promote the world civilization. People continue to evolve on the achievements of our ancestors. Now people increasingly rely on technology and it hurts our intelligence by decreasing our memory.
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論人的智力的發(fā)展問題及各個(gè)研究者的不同觀點(diǎn)。
【50題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段“According to Dr. Crabtree, human intelligence may have actually mounted to the top more than 2,000 years ago and ever since then it has been going downhill.（根據(jù)Crabtree博士的說(shuō)法，人類的智力實(shí)際上可能在2000多年前就已經(jīng)上升到頂峰，從那時(shí)起，它一直在走下坡路。）”可知，人類的智力從2000多年前就開始走下坡路了。故答案為Human intelligence has been going downhill since 2000 years ago.
【51題詳解】
考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第四段“Ray Williams, from MIT, carried out a survey of general knowledge among public school students in his study. The data showed that 77% of the students didn’t know who was the first president of America and 18% of the Americans still believed that the sun goes around the earth. So Dr. Crabtree’s idea that people could be getting stupider could be factual.（麻省理工學(xué)院Ray Williams在他的研究中對(duì)公立學(xué)校學(xué)生的一般知識(shí)進(jìn)行了調(diào)查。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，77%的學(xué)生不知道誰(shuí)是美國(guó)第一任總統(tǒng)，18%的美國(guó)人仍然相信太陽(yáng)繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。因此，Crabtree博士認(rèn)為人們可能會(huì)變得更愚蠢的想法可能是事實(shí)。）”可知，Ray Williams通過調(diào)查研究并提供數(shù)據(jù)支持論點(diǎn)，以此證明Crabtree博士的理論正確。故答案為By carrying out a survey and providing data.
【52題詳解】
考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第五段“However, not everyone believes in Crabtree’s theory. James Flynn, the author of Are We Getting Smarter, argues that human mental abilities have grown, because we are learning what possibilities are open to us and have developed a wider variety of intelligence.（然而，并不是每個(gè)人都相信Crabtree博士的理論?！段覀冏兊酶斆鲉帷芬粫淖髡逬ames Flynn認(rèn)為，人類的心理能力已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)槲覀冋趯W(xué)習(xí)哪些可能性是開放的，并且已經(jīng)發(fā)展出更廣泛的智力。）”可知，質(zhì)疑Crabtree博士的人認(rèn)為：人類的心理能力已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)，并且已經(jīng)發(fā)展出更廣泛的智力。推知他們認(rèn)為今天的人比古代的人擁有更廣泛的智力，而不是擁有一樣的智力。故答案為People who question Dr. Crabtree’s theory believe that people today have similar intelligence to people in ancient times.
According to the author, people who question Dr. Crabtree’s theory believe that people today have a wider variety of intelligence than people in ancient times.
【53題詳解】
考查開放試題。答案為(1) I don’t agree with Dr. Crabtree’s belief. Since 2,000 years ago, the society has developed from the primitive to advanced. If human intelligence had gone downhill, there would be no inventions which promote the social and technological development.
(2) I support Dr. Crabtree’s theory. Our ancient ancestors created fabulous inventions, like Chinese four great inventions, and these inventions greatly promote the world civilization. People continue to evolve on the achievements of our ancestors. Now people increasingly rely on technology and it hurts our intelligence by decreasing our memory.
第二節(jié)（20分）
54. 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高二學(xué)生李華。為迎接北京冬奧會(huì)，你校將在下周舉辦“迷你奧運(yùn)會(huì)”（the Mini-Olympics）。請(qǐng)你給交換生Jim寫一封郵件，邀請(qǐng)他參加活動(dòng)，內(nèi)容包括：
1. 活動(dòng)目的；
2. 具體安排。

注意：1．詞數(shù)100左右；
2．開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
【答案】Possible version 1：
Dear Jim,
How is it going recently? With the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games around the corner, our school will hold the Mini-Olympics next week. Hearing that you have great interest in the Olympics, I’m writing to invite you to participate in it.
This activity aims to echo the Olympic spirit of building a better world, and stimulate students’ passion for sports.
On the opening ceremony, different classes will march in on behalf of different countries. After the headmaster’s announcement, the games start. A variety of sports events will be held, including skating, high jump, running, and so on. Those who win the games will step up to the podium and be awarded the medals, with the national anthem of the champion’s country played.
How do you think about this arrangement? Would you like to join us? I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua

Possible version 2：
Dear Jim,
How’s everything going? To welcome the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games and enrich our school life, a Mini-Olympics will be held in our school next week. I’m writing to invite you to join in the Games.
The whole event will last for three days, during which a variety of events will take place. Early on Monday, we will have the opening ceremony. After that, we can take part in a wide range of activities including running, skating and so on during the following two days. I know you’re good at skating, so don’t miss the valuable chance. Finally, the winners of each event will be given medals.
Since you are a great fan of sports, I hope you can come and enjoy it. Looking forward to your presence!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考生給交換生Jim寫一封郵件，邀請(qǐng)他參加將在下周舉辦的“迷你奧運(yùn)會(huì)”活動(dòng)。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
對(duì).....感興趣：have interest in → be interested in
參加：participate in → take part in
各種各樣的：a variety of → various
激勵(lì)：stimulate → motivate
2.句式拓展
簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句
原句：Winter Games around the corner, our school will hold the Mini-Olympics next week.
拓展句：Winter Games around the corner, our school will hold the Mini-Olympics which is scheduled to take place next week.
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】 Those who win the games will step up to the podium and be awarded the medals, with the national anthem of the champion’s country played.（運(yùn)用了who引導(dǎo)的限定性定語(yǔ)從句）
【高分句型2】Hearing that you have great interest in the Olympics, I’m writing to invite you to participate in it.（運(yùn)用了現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)）

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