?專題04 語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)(選擇性必修三)
內(nèi)容提要
序號(hào)
單元
語法項(xiàng)目
1
選擇性必修三Unit 1
主語從句(Subject Clauses)
2
選擇性必修三Unit 2
表語從句(Predicative clause)
3
選擇性必修三Unit 3
主謂一致 (Subject-verb agreement)
4
選擇性必修三Unit 4
主謂一致(Subject-verb agreement)
5
選擇性必修三Unit 5
非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語、表語和賓語
6
選擇性必修三Unit 6
非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語、 狀語和補(bǔ)語


Part I 選擇性必修三Unit 1語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)
主語從句(Subject Clauses)
一、主語從句的概念與類型
復(fù)合句中作主語的從句叫做主語從句。引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞有從屬連詞that, whether以及連接代詞who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever和連接副詞when, where, why, how等。
*That she was chosen made us very happy.
她當(dāng)選了使我們很高興。
*Whether she will come or not is still a question.
她是否來還是一個(gè)問題。
*What caused the accident is a complete mystery.
是什么導(dǎo)致了這次事故還完全是一個(gè)謎。
*Which team will win the match is still unknown.
哪個(gè)隊(duì)會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽還不知道。
*When they will start has not been decided yet.
他們何時(shí)出發(fā)還沒決定。
*Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.
參加聚會(huì)的每一個(gè)人都將收到一份禮物。
(一)連接代詞who , what , which, whatever, whichever, whoever (who, which, what可以和ever構(gòu)成合成詞, 和what一樣引導(dǎo)從句, ever起到強(qiáng)調(diào)作用)。此類主語從句不能用形式主語it引導(dǎo), 它們?cè)诰渥又谐洚?dāng)成分, 不能省略, 語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z序, 既有疑問含義, 又起連接作用, 同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)各種成分。
*Which side will win is not clear.
哪一方會(huì)贏還不清楚。
*Whatever he did is right.
他做的一切都是對(duì)的。
(二) 連接副詞when, where, how, why等。既有疑問含義, 又起連接作用, 同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)各種成分。
*How this happened is not clear to anyone.
這件事是怎么發(fā)生的, 誰也不清楚。
*When we’ll start tomorrow will be told soon.
我們明天什么時(shí)候出發(fā)將很快被告知。
*Where the test will be given is not yet decided.
考試在哪里舉行還沒有決定。
二、主語從句與形式主語it
主語從句通常都是放在句首, 但有時(shí)為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡, 避免“頭重腳輕”, 常用it作形式主語, 而把從句放在后面。
*It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
她犯了這樣一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤, 真是遺憾。
*It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.
他們是否今天去購(gòu)物還得看天氣情況。
(一)it作形式主語的常用句型
1. It is + adj. / n. +從句
It is a pity/shame that. . . 遺憾的是……
It is possible that. . . 很可能……
It is unlikely that. . . 不可能……
2. It +不及物動(dòng)詞+從句
It seems/appears that. . . 似乎……
It happened that. . . 碰巧……
3. It + be +過去分詞+從句
It is said/reported that. . . 據(jù)說/報(bào)道……
It is known to all that. . . 眾所周知……
It is believed that. . . 據(jù)信……; 人們相信……
It is suggested that. . . 有人建議……
例如:
*It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.
據(jù)信, 至少有二十座樓房遭到破壞或徹底毀掉。
*It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.
有人建議會(huì)議延期召開。
*It is reported that three people were killed in the accident and five were badly hurt.
據(jù)報(bào)道, 事故中三人喪生, 五人重傷。
*It is known to all that Taiwan is an inseparable part of China.
眾所周知, 臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分。
(二)主語從句中的虛擬語氣
1. 在 It + be + suggested/advised/ordered/requested/ insisted/required 中, that從句的謂語也應(yīng)該用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”的形式, should有時(shí)可以省略。主語從句中用陳述語序, 后面的謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。
*It is suggested that we (should) do the experiment a second time. 有人建議我們?cè)僮鲆淮螌?shí)驗(yàn)。
2. 用于 It is important / natural / necessary / impossible that. . . 句型中, 主語從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣, 用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”的形式, should有時(shí)可以省略。
*It’s strange that he should have gone away without telling us.
他竟然沒向我們說一聲就走了, 真是奇怪。
三、主語從句引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)別
(一)that與what
what既有引導(dǎo)主語從句的作用, 同時(shí)又在從句中作句子成分(主語、賓語、表語等)。這時(shí)what相當(dāng)于all that/everything that. . . , 常譯成“所……的(東西、事情、話等)”; 而that只起連接作用, 本身無實(shí)際意義, 在從句中也不充當(dāng)任何句子成分。但that引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句首時(shí), 不能省略that。例如:
*What is done can’t be undone.
(諺語)已成定局, 無可挽回。
*What we can’t get seems better than what we have.
我們得不到的東西似乎比已得到的要好。
*That we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation is important.
我們應(yīng)該制定一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃來應(yīng)付目前嚴(yán)峻的形勢(shì), 這一點(diǎn)非常重要。
*That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.
一位新老師將來教我們地理, 這是真的。
(二)if和whether
if和whether引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句時(shí)一般可通用, 但介詞后的賓語從句、主語從句(放在句首時(shí))、表語從句常由whether引導(dǎo)。例如:
*Whether she will go home or not is unknown.
她是否回家還不得而知。
*Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.
我們是養(yǎng)鴨還是養(yǎng)鵝仍沒決定。
=It remains to be decided whether/if we shall raise ducks or geese.
=If we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.
(三)以it作形式主語的主語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別
“It be + adj. /n. + that-clause”與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型均有It be. . . that. . . 之類的語言標(biāo)志, 但不同的是: ①前者中的that從句是主語從句。若刪掉其中的It be和that, 則剩余部分不論結(jié)構(gòu)還是語意都不能成為一個(gè)句子; 但若將后者中的It be和that去掉, 則剩余部分的結(jié)構(gòu)和語意仍能構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的句子。②強(qiáng)調(diào)句型譯為漢語時(shí)可加上“正是……”或“就是……”之類的字眼, 而主語從句則不可以。請(qǐng)比較下面兩個(gè)句子:
*It is surprising that Lucy should have won the contest.
令人驚奇的是露西居然贏得了比賽。
*It is Lucy that has won the contest.
正是露西贏得了比賽。
第一句中的It是形式主語, that引導(dǎo)的是主語從句。句中的It is和that無法刪除, 一旦刪除句子就不成立。
第二句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型, 其中的It is和that可以去掉, 因?yàn)闆]有It is和that句子仍然很通順。
Part II 選擇性必修三Unit 2語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)
表語從句(Predicative clause)
一、定義
　　在復(fù)合句中作表語的從句叫表語從句, 說明主語是什么或者怎么樣。含表語從句的復(fù)合句的一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+系動(dòng)詞+關(guān)聯(lián)詞+表語從句”。 可以接表語從句的常見系動(dòng)詞(短語)有:
1. be(am, is, are, was, were)
2. feel, seem, look, appear, sound, taste, smell
3. stand, lie, remain, keep, stay
4. become, get, grow, turn, go, come, run, fall
5. prove, turn out
注意：表語從句的語序與時(shí)態(tài)
(1)表語從句一定要用陳述語序。
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
問題是他何時(shí)能到達(dá)賓館。
(2)不像賓語從句, 在有表語從句的復(fù)合句中, 主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致。
The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
問題是誰明天和我一起去北京旅行。
The question is why he cried yesterday.
問題是昨天他為什么哭。
二、引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞
　　引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有從屬連詞as, that, whether, 連接代詞who, which, whatever等和連接副詞how, why, whenever等, 以及as if, as though, because等連詞。
*The trouble is that we are short of money.
困難是我們資金短缺。
*That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.
那就是為什么在新英格蘭用石頭墻而不用柵欄。
*It looks as if the farm is heading for another good harvest.
看上去農(nóng)場(chǎng)今年又會(huì)獲得一次豐收。
(一)由that引導(dǎo)
1. 主語常常是事實(shí)陳述性名詞, 表語從句常用that引導(dǎo)。常見表達(dá):
The fact/news/idea/reason/problem/difference/advantage/possibility/. . . is that. . .
*His sole requirement is that the system works.
他唯一的要求是這個(gè)制度能起作用。
*My idea is that we should start making preparations right now.
我的意見是我們馬上就開始做準(zhǔn)備工作。
*The reason why I’m late is that I missed the bus.
我遲到的原因是沒趕上公共汽車。
2. 主語是what引導(dǎo)的主語從句時(shí), 表語從句常用that引導(dǎo)。常見表達(dá): What. . . should keep in mind/ What’s the most important/. . . is that. . . .
3. 主語是it, 但是它只是一個(gè)功能性的詞, 沒有實(shí)際意義。常見表達(dá):
It seems/appears/proved/turned out that. . . .
*It seems to me that we should answer for this.
在我看來, 我們似乎應(yīng)該對(duì)此事負(fù)責(zé)。
*It appears to her that he wants to teach us all he has.
在她看來, 他似乎要把他所會(huì)的都教給我們。
*It turned out that they were old acquaintances.
他們?cè)瓉硎抢舷嘧R(shí)。
注意：
(1)當(dāng)主語是表示建議、要求、命令、請(qǐng)求的名詞時(shí), 表語從句常常由that引導(dǎo), 并且從句中要用虛擬語氣(should +動(dòng)詞原形)。The suggestion/advice/proposal/demand/request/order. . . is that. . .
*My suggestion is that we (should) set off early tomorrow.
(2)that, why, because都可引導(dǎo)表語從句。表示原因的名詞(reason, cause)作句子主語時(shí), 后面的表語從句常用that 引導(dǎo), 不可用because。
*The reason why he was late was that he missed the first train this morning.
(3)連詞that的省略
引導(dǎo)表語從句的that通常不省略, 但在口語或非正式文體中有時(shí)也可省略。
*My idea is (that) we should do it right away.
我的意見是我們應(yīng)該馬上干。
(二)由whether引導(dǎo)
主語是表示問題、疑問、顧慮等意義的名詞, 表語從句常用whether引導(dǎo)。常見表達(dá): The(My/Our/. . . )question/problem/doubt/worry is whether. . . .
*The question is whether the film is worth seeing.
問題是這部電影是否值得看。
注意：
whether可引導(dǎo)表語從句, 但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。
(三)由連接代詞引導(dǎo)
連接代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引導(dǎo)表語從句, 在句中作主語、賓語、表語, 連接代詞不能省略。
*The problem is who we can get to replace her.
問題是我們能找到誰去替換她。
*(2018·北京高考)This is what my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
這是我父親教我的東西——永遠(yuǎn)面對(duì)困難, 盼望最好的。
*You can be whoever you want to be.
你可以成為你想成為的人。
注意1：引導(dǎo)詞that與what
what既有引導(dǎo)表語從句的作用, 同時(shí)又在從句中作句子成分(主語、賓語、表語等)。這時(shí)what相當(dāng)于all that/everything that, 常譯成“所……的(東西、事情、話等)”; 而that只起連接作用, 本身無實(shí)際意義, 在從句中也不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成分。但that引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí), 一般不能省略that。
*What is the most important is that we should take some effective measures to protect the environment.
最重要的是, 我們應(yīng)該采取一些有效的措施來保護(hù)環(huán)境。
*China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer what it used to be.
中國(guó)變得越來越強(qiáng)大, 不再是過去的樣子了。
注意2：
　　as if (as though)引導(dǎo)表語從句, 表語從句表示的情況發(fā)生的可能性較小時(shí), 常用虛擬語氣。若表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反, 謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí); 若表示與過去事實(shí)相反, 用過去完成時(shí); 表示將來的可能性不大, 用would (might, could)+動(dòng)詞原形。
*They treat me as though I were a stranger.
他們待我如陌生人。
從句所表示的內(nèi)容若為事實(shí)或可能為事實(shí), 就用陳述語氣。
*This meat tastes as if it has already gone bad.
這肉嘗起來似乎已經(jīng)壞了。
注意3：
(1)because 可引導(dǎo)表語從句, 但與之同義的since, as, for等不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。
(2)because 引導(dǎo)的表語從句說明的是原因, why 引導(dǎo)的表語從句說明的是結(jié)果。
*I was late for school this morning. That’s because I stayed up too late last night.
今天早上我上學(xué)遲到了, 因?yàn)樽蛲砦野疽沟教怼?br /> *I stayed up too late last night. That’s why I was late for school this morning.
我今天早上上學(xué)遲到是因?yàn)樽蛞拱疽固怼?br /> Part III 選擇性必修三 Unit 3語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)
主謂一致 (Subject-verb agreement)
一、集體名詞作主語時(shí), 若被看作一個(gè)整體, 謂語動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式; 若被看作是構(gòu)成集體的一個(gè)個(gè)成員, 謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。
*The crowd are gone. 群眾都散了。
*His family are watching TV. 他的家人正在看電視。
二、有些名詞如police, cattle, people, clothes, trousers等沒有單數(shù)形式, 作主語時(shí), 謂語只用復(fù)數(shù); 而有的名詞則單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同, 如sheep, aircraft, means等, 作主語時(shí), 要根據(jù)意思來確定其謂語的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。
*Shortly after the accident, the police were sent to keep order.
事故發(fā)生不久, 警察就被派去維持秩序。
*One day this white sheep was lost. 有一天, 這只白綿羊丟了。
三、當(dāng)maths(mathematics), politics, physics等學(xué)科名詞作主語時(shí), 謂語用單數(shù); 但前有物主代詞修飾, 指某人的某方面知識(shí)時(shí), 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。用作書名、劇名、報(bào)刊名、國(guó)名、地區(qū)名稱的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí), 謂語用單數(shù)。
*Politics is a complicated subject.
政治是一門復(fù)雜的學(xué)科。
*The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book.
《天方夜譚》是一本很有趣的書。
四、“the+形容詞”作主語時(shí), 如果表示的是一類人, 那么謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式; 如果指的是單個(gè)人或抽象概念, 謂語動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式。
*The blind are taught skills in special schools. 盲人在特殊學(xué)校中學(xué)習(xí)技能。
*The sick is one of the students in our class. 那位病人是我們班的一個(gè)學(xué)生。
五、表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或短語作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。
*Ten years isn’t a long time. 10年并不長(zhǎng)。
*Five thousand kilometres is a long distance. 5 000千米是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。
Part IV 選擇性必修三 Unit 4語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)
主謂一致(Subject-verb agreement)
　　主謂一致是指主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。高考試題對(duì)這一語法項(xiàng)目的考查重點(diǎn)是: 名詞作主語時(shí)的謂語形式; 分隔情況下, 主語和謂語的一致; 分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致。并列主語的主謂一致、定語從句中的主謂一致和倒裝句中的主謂一致等。
1. 集體名詞如: group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, audience, club, party, crew等作主語時(shí), 如果看成一個(gè)整體, 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式, 如果側(cè)重其成員, 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。集體名詞如: people, cattle, police, youth等作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
*The police are looking for the thief.
警察正在尋找那個(gè)小偷。
*Cattle are not allowed to graze here.
這里不準(zhǔn)放牛。
*My family has four people. My family all like watching football games.
我家有四口人。我的家人都喜歡看足球比賽。
2. 主語是單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞如: deer, sheep, fish, series, means, works, aircraft等時(shí), 視其表達(dá)的意義而判斷謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。
*Every means has been tried, but none proved successful.
每個(gè)辦法都嘗試過了, 但沒有一個(gè)是成功的。
*Many means have not come into effect.
許多方法都沒生效。
3. 代詞none, neither, all以及what引導(dǎo)的從句等作主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于所指代的內(nèi)容。
*All we need is a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
我們所需要的就是一小塊土地, 在這兒我們可以在一年的生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)種植各種各樣的果樹。
*What they have are 200 computers.
他們擁有的是二百臺(tái)電腦。
4. 當(dāng)主語是不定代詞somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, everything, nothing, something, anything等時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。
*Somebody is waiting for you outside.
有人在外面等你。
*Nobody knows the answer.
沒有人知道答案。
注意：不定代詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致
有些不定代詞作主語時(shí), 據(jù)意義確定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù), 若不定代詞所指為單數(shù)意義, 謂語用單數(shù)形式; 若不定代詞所指為復(fù)數(shù)意義, 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類詞有: all, some, any, more, most, half等。
*All are happy to hear the news.
聽到這個(gè)消息大家都很高興。
*All that has to be done has been done.
該做的事都做了。
*Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water.
地球表面的大部分被水覆蓋著。
*Half of the wood has been carried away.
一半的木頭被搬走了。
5. 表示時(shí)間, 長(zhǎng)度, 距離, 金額, 價(jià)值, 重量, 容量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí), 通常作整體看待, 即表示總量或總和, 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。若把它們看作一個(gè)個(gè)的個(gè)體, 即強(qiáng)調(diào)其具體數(shù)量時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
*Twenty years is a long time to us.
二十年對(duì)我們來說是一段很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。
*Two hundred miles is not a long distance.
兩百英里不是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。
*Ten thousand US dollars is a lot of money.
一萬美元是一大筆錢。
*There are ten minutes left.
還有十分鐘。
6. 用and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果and連接的兩個(gè)名詞指的是同一人、事、物或概念(如: a knife and fork一副刀叉, the bread and butter奶油面包, my house and home我的家)時(shí), 則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
*Many books and a pen are on the desk.
許多書和一支鋼筆在桌子上。
*The pianist and composer has come to this small town.
這位鋼琴家兼作曲家已經(jīng)來到這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。
7. 如果主語后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, including, like, rather than, no less than, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的短語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞的形式只與主語有關(guān), 而與其后的短語無關(guān)。
*The teacher with three students was in the classroom then.
那時(shí)老師帶著三個(gè)學(xué)生在教室里。
*Newspapers, as well as the Internet, play an important role in daily communication.
報(bào)紙, 還有互聯(lián)網(wǎng), 在日常交流中起到了重要的作用。
*None but Jim and Mike knows my secret.
只有吉姆和邁克知道我的秘密。
*Seven people, including a policeman, were killed.
包括一名警察在內(nèi)的七人死亡。
8. 由or, either. . . or, neither. . . nor, not only. . . but also. . . 等連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語時(shí), 以及以there開頭的句子, 而主語不止一個(gè)時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞和與它最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
*Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin’s movies.
不但他的家人而且連他也喜歡卓別林的電影。
*Are either you or your brother going to the party?
要么是你要么是你的弟弟將要去參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)嗎?
*There are some envelopes and paper for you.
有一些信封和紙張給你。
9. population表示“人口”, 即一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的居民數(shù)目, 它作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。當(dāng)它前面有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí), population是指一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的全體居民, 它作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
*The population of Canada is about 36 million.
加拿大的人口數(shù)大約是3600萬。
*Eighty percent of the population in that country are farmers.
那個(gè)國(guó)家80%的人口是農(nóng)民。
10. 由some, plenty, a lot, lots, most, the rest, all, half, part或分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞等短語作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞常與of后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。如果of后面所接名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式, 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式; 如果of后面所接名詞為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞, 謂語動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式。
*About one third of the books are well worth reading.
大約三分之一的書非常值得閱讀。
*Over 30% of the work has been finished.
百分之三十以上的工作已經(jīng)完成了。
*(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection is on display.
往往, 只有一小部分博物館的藏品會(huì)展出。
11. 由a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of, 名詞+of this kind(type, sort, part, piece, section, pair)等構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞與of前的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。
*This kind of animals is dangerous.
*Animals of this kind are dangerous.
這種動(dòng)物很危險(xiǎn)。
12. “a large amount of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
“l(fā)arge amounts of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
“a good/great deal of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
*Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market.
大量資金正被投放到當(dāng)?shù)氐氖袌?chǎng)上。
Part V 選擇性必修三 Unit 5語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)
非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語、表語和賓語
一、非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式
動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式有三種:
1. 動(dòng)詞不定式: to + 動(dòng)詞原形
2. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式: v. -ing形式
3. 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式: v. -ed形式
動(dòng)詞非謂語形式有以下幾種形式變化(以write為例):


二、非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能

三、非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語、表語和賓語的用法
1. 非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語
(1)不定式作主語
　　一般表示具體某一次的動(dòng)作。常用it作形式主語, 而將真正的主語不定式結(jié)構(gòu)放在句末, 以使句子保持平衡。
*To climb the mountain is hard work but to go down the mountain is great fun. 上山很艱難, 下山卻很好玩。
*No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better to remain silent.
不論你多么能說會(huì)道, 有些時(shí)候保持沉默會(huì)更好。
(2)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語
　　常表示抽象的、泛指的概念; 也可用it作形式主語, 將真正的主語動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)放在句末。常用于固定句型:
It’s a waste of time doing. . . ;
It’s no use/good doing. . . ;
It is useless doing. . . ;
*Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. 掌握基本的急救技能將有助于你在遇到緊急情況時(shí)迅速作出反應(yīng)。
*It is no use complaining without taking action.
不采取行動(dòng)而只是抱怨是沒有用的。
2. 非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語
(1)不定式作表語
　　常用來表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 也可用來表示未來的可能性和假設(shè); 但當(dāng)不定式所作的表語僅用來說明主語的內(nèi)容時(shí), 這時(shí)的不定式只作單純的表語, 而不具有未來的含義。
*His wish is to be a doctor in the future.
他的愿望是將來當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。
*My job is to clean the rooms every day.
我的工作是每天打掃房間。
(2)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語
多指抽象的、概念性的動(dòng)作, 可以是多次的、經(jīng)常性的行為。
*Our job is playing all kinds of music.
我們的工作是演奏各種各樣的音樂。
(3)過去分詞作表語
　　過去分詞作表語通常表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或主語的感受, 這時(shí)過去分詞可以看作一個(gè)形容詞, 是形容詞化的過去分詞。常見的有seated, surprised, astonished, amazed, moved, exhausted, worried, devoted, pleased, inspired, encouraged, excited, delighted, satisfied, scared, frightened, disappointed 等。
*This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn’t get discouraged right after failures.
溫斯頓·丘吉爾的這句名言告訴我們, 失敗后我們決不能氣餒。
3. 非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語
(1)不定式作賓語
有些動(dòng)詞后面只能接不定式作賓語
決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望, 拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。
主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃, 同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。
即decide/determine, learn, want, expect, hope; refuse, manage, wish, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help等后一般只接不定式作賓語。
此外, afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten 等后也要用不定式作賓語。
*He was very ill for a time, but he managed to pull through.
有一段時(shí)間他病得很重, 但他最后痊愈了。
*We arranged to meet at the station but she didn’t turn up.
我們商量好在車站見面, 可是她沒有露面。
(2)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語
有些動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語后面只能接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語。
考慮建議盼原諒, 承認(rèn)推遲沒得想。
避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練, 否認(rèn)完成就欣賞。
禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn), 不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。
即consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/ put off, fancy(想要); avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can’t help(禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape等后一般只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。
*She admitted having read the letter. 她承認(rèn)讀過這封信。
*We don’t allow smoking on this plane.
在這架飛機(jī)上我們不允許抽煙。
*I appreciate being given this opportunity.
非常感謝給了我這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。
(3)下列動(dòng)詞或詞組既可以跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語, 也可以跟不定式作賓語, 但意義上有區(qū)別, 要特別注意。
forget to do sth. 忘記要做某事
forget doing sth. 忘記已經(jīng)做過某事
remember to do sth. 記著要做某事
remember doing sth. 記得曾經(jīng)做過某事
regret to do sth. 很遺憾要去做某事
regret doing sth. 后悔做過某事
try to do sth. 努力做某事
try doing sth. 試著做某事
mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean doing sth. 意味著做某事
*I’ll try to catch up with my classmates this term.
這一學(xué)期我將盡力趕上同學(xué)們。
*I try reading the text without consulting my dictionary.
我試著不查詞典來閱讀課文。
注意：
①當(dāng) like, love, hate, prefer 與 would, should 連用時(shí), 其后只能接不定式。
*I’d love to have a room of my own.
我想有一個(gè)自己的房間。
②當(dāng) begin, start 本身為進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或后接 know, realize, understand 等靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí), 其后的動(dòng)詞只能用不定式。
*I soon began to understand what was happening.
我很快開始明白了正在發(fā)生什么事。
③表示“需要”的 need, want 和 require 后接 -ing 形式的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)式都可以。
*Your hair needs cutting [to be cut]. 你的頭發(fā)該理了。
*The room wants cleaning [to be cleaned].
這房間需要打掃了。
④ 介詞后接動(dòng)詞作賓語, 通常要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式, 但表示“除……外”的介詞 but 和 except 后接動(dòng)詞作賓語要用不定式。若前面有行為動(dòng)詞 do, 其后的不定式不帶 to; 若前面沒有行為動(dòng)詞 do, 則其后的不定式通常帶 to。
*There’s little we can do except wait.
除了等待我們什么也做不了。
*It had no effect except to make him angry.
除惹他生氣外, 沒產(chǎn)生任何效果。
Part VI 選擇性必修三 Unit 6語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)
非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語、 狀語和補(bǔ)語
1. 非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語
(1)不定式作定語
①不定式作定語常表示將來的動(dòng)作。
*The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.
將在會(huì)議上討論的那個(gè)問題非常重要。
②不定式常放在某些名詞或代詞后作定語。如果作定語的不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞, 或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等, 不定式后需要加相應(yīng)的介詞。
*He has no pen to write with.
他沒有鋼筆寫字。
③不定式用來修飾序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或no, all, any等限定的中心詞, 且與中心詞之間為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。
*He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他總是第一個(gè)到校, 最后一個(gè)離校。
④被修飾詞是抽象名詞時(shí), 常用不定式作定語。常見的該類名詞有: ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。
*The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的能力與觀點(diǎn)本身同等重要。
(2)分詞作定語
①及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式作定語
作定語的及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式有: 現(xiàn)在分詞、“being+過去分詞”、過去分詞。當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí), 用現(xiàn)在分詞; 當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示正在進(jìn)行時(shí), 用“being+過去分詞”; 當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示完成時(shí), 用過去分詞。
*The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine.
公園里人山人海, 人們?cè)陉柟庀峦娴煤芸鞓贰?主動(dòng))
*We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.
我們必須對(duì)在此討論的問題保密。(被動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行)
*The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
人們期待著從全國(guó)各地挑選出來的運(yùn)動(dòng)員能在今年夏季的賽事中給我們帶來榮譽(yù)。(被動(dòng)、完成)
②不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式作定語
作定語的不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式有: 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行; 過去分詞只表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作已完成, 不表示被動(dòng)。
*falling leaves正在下落的葉子(正在進(jìn)行)
*fallen leaves落葉(完成)
(3)動(dòng)名詞作定語
動(dòng)名詞作定語常用來說明被修飾詞的用途或目的。
*a walking stick拐杖
*a reading room閱覽室
*a sleeping car臥鋪車
2. 非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語
(1)不定式作狀語
①作目的狀語
不定式作目的狀語意為“為了”, 可以單獨(dú)放在句首、句中或句末。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)目的性, 不定式前也可加in order或so as, 但so as to不能用于句首。
*To pass the College Entrance Examination, we must work hard.
為了通過高考, 我們必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。
*To make it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
為了與我們聯(lián)系更方便一些, 你最好把這張卡片隨身帶著。
②作結(jié)果狀語
不定式作結(jié)果狀語常表示令人意外的結(jié)果。
*Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.
湯姆乘出租車去了機(jī)場(chǎng), 結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機(jī)已飛入高空。
③作原因狀語
a. 常用于“主語(人)+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞(過去分詞)+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。
形容詞或過去分詞作表語時(shí), 后可接不定式作原因狀語, 用以說明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因或所表示的情況, 常用于這類結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞和過去分詞有sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, anxious, delighted, pleased, foolish, 　astonished等。
*We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
令我們吃驚的是, 這座寺廟仍保持著最初的樣子。
b. 常用于“主語(物)+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。
這類形容詞有: easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous等, 表示主語的特征或性質(zhì), 不定式和句子主語之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 但常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。
*The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on.
這把椅子看上去很硬, 但實(shí)際上坐上去很舒服。
(2)分詞作狀語
分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞, 現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 且含有進(jìn)行的意義; 過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 且含有完成的意義。
①作時(shí)間狀語相當(dāng)于when, while, before, since, as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。
*Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
→When the sentence was translated into English, it was found to have an entirely different word order.
被譯成英語后, 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)句子有了一個(gè)完全不同的語序。
②作原因狀語相當(dāng)于because, since, as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。
*Not understanding this problem, he asked the teacher about it.
→Because he didn’t understand this problem, he asked the teacher about it.
因?yàn)椴焕斫膺@個(gè)問題, 他問了老師。
*Defeated by his deskmate, he felt discouraged.
→Because he was defeated by his deskmate, he felt discouraged.
由于被同桌打敗了, 他感到氣餒。
③作條件狀語相當(dāng)于if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。
*Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
→If I’m given another hour, I can also work out the problem. 如果再給我一個(gè)小時(shí), 我也能解決這個(gè)問題。
④作結(jié)果狀語常用現(xiàn)在分詞表示自然而然的結(jié)果, 分詞前可接thus。
*People from all the corners came to the city center, making it very crowded.
來自各個(gè)角落的人都來到了市中心, 這使市中心非常擁擠。
⑤作方式或伴隨狀語表示一個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的次要的(或者伴隨的)動(dòng)作, 常用逗號(hào)與句子主體部分隔開, 相當(dāng)于并列句。
*One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.
→One evening Harry phoned me, and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible.
一天晚上哈里給我打電話, 要求我盡快去他的公寓。
⑥作讓步狀語相當(dāng)于though, although, even if等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。
*Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
→Though he was warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
雖然被警告危險(xiǎn), 他仍舊在薄冰上滑冰。
3. 非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語
(1)不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語
有些動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語, 即“動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語+sb. +to do”。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有:
advise建議, allow允許, ask詢問; 要求, beg乞求, cause導(dǎo)致, encourage鼓勵(lì), expect期望, forbid禁止, force強(qiáng)迫, invite邀請(qǐng), order命令, persuade說服等。
*The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.
醫(yī)生警告他不要吃太多的肉。
*He depends on you to help him with his English.
他指望你幫助他學(xué)英語。
(2)分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語
①現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí), 表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行。
*They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.
他們使用電腦以使交通暢通無阻。
②過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí), 表示被動(dòng)、完成。
*He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.
他試圖使自己的工作在醫(yī)學(xué)界得到認(rèn)可。
(3)非謂語動(dòng)詞作感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語
①感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, observe, hear, notice等的賓語補(bǔ)足語有以下形式(以see為例):
see sb. do sth. 看見某人做了某事
*I saw him leave a few minutes ago.
我看見他幾分鐘前離開了。
see sb. doing sth. 看見某人正在做某事
*The suspect was seen entering the building.
有人看見疑犯進(jìn)入了大樓。
see sb. /sth. done看見某人/某物被……
Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home.
在非洲提供了兩年的醫(yī)療服務(wù), 李醫(yī)生回來后十分高興地看到家里的母親得到了很好的照顧。
②常見的使役動(dòng)詞有四個(gè): have, make, let, get, 表示“使, 讓”的含義。
have/make/let sb. do sth. 以及get sb. to do sth. 表示“讓/使某人做某事”, 賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。
*The teacher had/made/let some students stay in the classroom after school.
→The teacher got some students to stay in the classroom after school.
放學(xué)后老師讓一些學(xué)生待在教室里。
注意：
(1)make用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí), 其后要用帶to的不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語。
*He was made to work day and night.
他被迫日夜工作。
(2)have/get+sb. /sth. +doing sth. 讓某人/某物一直做某事
*He had the light burning all night, which made his parents very angry.
他讓燈亮了整晚, 這使他父母很生氣。
(3)have sb. doing sth. 用于否定句中, 常與can’t, won’t等連用, 表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。
*I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that.
我不容許你和你父親那樣講話。
(4)have/get/make+賓語+done讓……被……/遭遇某事(強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)性動(dòng)作)
*I’ll have/get/make my bike repaired tomorrow.
我明天得(請(qǐng)人)修一下我的自行車。
*He had his wallet stolen on his way home.
在他回家的路上, 他的錢包被偷了。

Part I 選擇性必修三Unit 1語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化
Ⅰ. 單句語法填空
1. ____________ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
2. —What made her parents so angry?
—____________ she had failed in the examination.
3. Is ____________ they told me really true?
4. ____________ is important and necessary that we (should) keep the balance of nature.
5. It is necessary that the problem ____________ (settle)at once. ?
6. ____________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
7. It is known to us ____________ where there is pollution, there is harm.
8. It remains a question ____________ we can get so much money in such a short time.
9. They lost their way in the forest and ____________ made matters worse was that night began to fall.
10. ____________ you do will be right because you are a wise and responsible man.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. ____________ at the party. ?
要求所有成員都出席這次聚會(huì)。
2. ____________ such a good chance. ?
你錯(cuò)過了這么好的機(jī)會(huì), 真可惜。
3. ____________ remains unclear. ?
會(huì)議是否會(huì)如期舉行還不清楚。
4. ____________ is enough practice. ?
學(xué)習(xí)英語最重要的是足夠的練習(xí)。
5. ____________ ought to turn off the lights. ?
誰最后離開房間, 誰就應(yīng)該關(guān)燈。
Part II 選擇性必修三 Unit 2語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化
Ⅰ. 單句語法填空
1. I’ve got a cold; that’s ____________ I wouldn’t like to go out.
2. Fame and personal gain is ____________ they’re after.
3. The reason why Tom failed in the exam was ____________ he didn’t work hard.
4. What made the doctor upset was ____________ he should tell the patient the truth or not.
5. What is just beyond my imagination is ____________ fortune should bless me with a chance to realize my dream.
6. Chopin’s last request was that the Polish soil in the silver goblet should ____________ (cast)over his grave. ?
7. She insisted that she did a good job, and that was ____________ she disagreed with her father.
8. The best time for Mark Twain was ____________ he worked on the Mississippi.
9. One of the great things about living in China is ____________ convenient it is to travel to different places.
10. It looked ____________ if it was going to rain.
Ⅱ. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1. Most importantly, you can improve your Chinese by participating in the contest. (用主語從句、表語從句改寫句子)
____________ is ____________. ?
2. This is my question. How can I improve my writing as soon as possible? (用表語從句合并兩個(gè)句子)
My question is ____________ improve my writing as soon as possible. ?
3. Tom was late this morning. That is because he overslept. (用“The reason why . . . is that. . . ……的原因是……”句式改寫句子)
The reason why ____________ is that ____________. ?
4. Susan didn’t go to school today because she caught a bad cold. (改寫為“That is because+表語從句”結(jié)構(gòu))
Susan didn’t go to school today. ____________
5. He made full preparations for the relay race, so he got the first prize unexpectedly. (用that’s because結(jié)構(gòu)改寫句子)
He got the first prize in the relay race unexpectedly; ____________. ?
Part III 選擇性必修三 Unit 3語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化
Ⅰ. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. Statistics ____________ (be) his most difficult subject and they are all worried that he won’t pass the test.
2. The Olympic Games ____________(be) held every four years.
3. The New York Times ____________(be) first published in the early 1860s.
4. Many people say 1, 000 dollars ____________(be) a lot of money.
5. The public ____________(be) the best judge because the public always ____________(express) their thoughts correctly. ?
6. The rich ____________(be) not always happy.
7. Few of his family really ____________ (understand) him.
8. Ten weeks ____________(have) passed since the new term began.
9. All means ____________ (have)been tried to solve the problem.
10. The staff of the company ____________ (be) being trained to work more effectively.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. You probably have been using caffeine since childhood. Caffeine ____________(在你喝的第一杯可樂中). ?
2. The audience ____________(欣賞音樂會(huì)) attentively. ?
3. ____________ (十年已經(jīng)過去了)since they graduated from college. ?
4. The people on the scene ____________ (關(guān)心)the fire victims. ?
5. Nowadays, a large amount of money ____________ (被用于建設(shè)各種娛樂場(chǎng)地)by our government. ?
6. The government ____________(對(duì)危機(jī)反應(yīng)很慢). ?
7. There ____________ (許多綿羊)dotting the grass under the sky. ?
8. The burnt that couldn’t flee in the fire ____________(滿懷恐懼). ?
9. For the sick being treated alone in hospital, several miles away from home ____________(是很長(zhǎng)的一段距離). ?
10. To our surprise, physics ____________(是她最喜歡的科目). ?
Part IV 選擇性必修三 Unit 4語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化
Ⅰ. 單句語法填空
1. The first new college class since the election of Donald J. Trump ____________(arrive)on campus. ?
2. Part of the profit from sales ____________ (be) available for the Everest Peakeers Association which has helped collect rubbish off the mountain.
3. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness ____________ (help) to create an atmosphere of good will and calm.
4. The government ____________ (believe) that people who don’t have the Internet can get left behind their friends who do.
5. The population of Jiangsu ____________ (have) grown to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million.
6. (2019·天津高考)Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. ?
7. (2019·浙江高考)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ____________ (have) to worry about fashion (時(shí)尚). ?
8. (2019·江蘇高考)The musician along with his band members ____________ (give) ten performances in the last three months. ?
9. (2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it ____________ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
10. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ____________ (be) regarded as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. E-mail, as well as telephones, ____________ daily communication. ?
電子郵件, 還有電話在日常交流中起著重要的作用。
2. ____________ at rock concerts ____________ hearing loss in some teenagers. ?
在搖滾音樂會(huì)聽喧鬧的音樂已經(jīng)造成了一些青少年的聽覺損耗。
3. ____________ to be fired. And not only you but also I am to be fired this time. ?
不是他而是你要被解雇。這次不僅你而且我也要被解雇。
4. Neither you nor ____________ anything about it. ?
你和其他任何人都不知道這件事。
5. ____________ to hand out the prizes to those gifted students in the meeting hall. ?
要么我的老師要么我們的校長(zhǎng)要在會(huì)議廳給那些有天賦的學(xué)生發(fā)獎(jiǎng)品。
6. ____________ us something about volunteer workers now. ?
一位英語老師兼班主任正給我們講一些關(guān)于志愿者的事情。
Part V 選擇性必修三 Unit 5語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化
Ⅰ. 單句語法填空
1. Now linguists are taking action to prevent this incredible cultural heritage from ____________(disappear).
2. Our discussions in the debating group are helping us to become calm and consider ____________(win) and solving real problems as well.
3. Aiming ____________(carry)forward the spirit of peace, cooperation, openness for shared benefits through concrete projects, the New Silk Road has already received a warm response in the world. ?
4. The cart got ____________(stick)in the mud, but the farmer made no effort to get it out.
5. I didn’t mean ____________(eat)anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it. ?
6. But conservationists say that ____________(make) ivory legal to sell would lead to even more illegal hunting.
7. I don’t know whether you happen ____________(hear), but I’m going to study in the USA this September. ?
8. In New Zealand we drive on the left-hand side of the road, so if you’re coming from somewhere like Germany, do remember ____________(take) things slow while you adjust to the change! ?
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. ____________ can badly hurt the organs of the animals. ?
吃塑料會(huì)嚴(yán)重傷害動(dòng)物的器官。
2. As well as the weather, the relaxed atmosphere and nightlife ____________. ?
除了天氣, 輕松的氣氛和夜生活也很吸引人。
3. It’s our duty ____________. ?
照顧好老人是我們的責(zé)任。
4. If you ____________, do it every day. ?
如果你堅(jiān)持做某件事, 那就每天做。
5. Her job is ____________, but this Sunday her job is to teach the children how to dance. ?
她的工作是給孩子們上鋼琴課, 但這個(gè)星期天她的工作是教孩子們跳舞。
6. The shout ____________ and the boys ____________. ?
吼叫聲很嚇人, 把男孩們嚇著了。
7. The squirrels were lucky that they just missed ____________. ?
松鼠很幸運(yùn), 它們剛好沒被抓住。
8. I can hardly imagine ____________ in five days. ?
我簡(jiǎn)直不能想象彼得會(huì)在五天內(nèi)橫渡大西洋。
Part VI 選擇性必修三 Unit 6語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化
Ⅰ. 單句語法填空
1. In my opinion, giving someone a hug and holding their hands ____________(comfort) them can only be done in person. ?
2. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ____________ (range) from butterflies to elephants.
3. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ____________ (catch). ?
4. Many Chinese brands, ____________ (develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market. ?
5. They are required ____________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. ?
6. I was the first Western TV reporter ____________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
7. The easiest way ____________ (accomplish) this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. ?
8. In contrast to many other countries, lunch here is not a quick snack ____________ (consume) in front of the computer or on the way to a meeting.
9. From then on, his fear of talking before a big audience disappeared. Actually Jack had his confidence ____________ (build) up. Now he turns out to be a good speaker.
10. I’m very glad ____________ (invite) to attend the meeting. ?
Ⅱ. 用非謂語動(dòng)詞的正確形式完成句子
1. ____________, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars. ?
如果給予正確的訓(xùn)練, 這些青少年足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員有一天也許會(huì)成為國(guó)際明星。
2. She patiently explained all the rules to the students and ____________
她耐心地向?qū)W生解釋了所有的規(guī)則, 并要求每個(gè)人都遵循這些規(guī)則。
3. As I got closer, ____________and breathing heavily. ?
當(dāng)我走近時(shí), 我看見他的腿在空中亂踢, 并且呼吸沉重。
4. The doctor ____________, ensuring an exact examination. ?
醫(yī)生讓病人直挺挺地躺在機(jī)器下面, 確保了準(zhǔn)確的檢查。
5. ____________, the boy was ashamed and embarrassed. ?
那男孩因犯錯(cuò)而被嘲笑, 因此又羞愧又尷尬。
6. As far as I’m concerned, ____________. ?
就我個(gè)人而言, 這本書很難理解。
7. More highways have been built in China, ____________from one place to another. ?
中國(guó)建了很多高速公路, 這使人們的出行變得更容易了。
8. The battery was dead and I was alone ____________. ?
我手機(jī)電池沒有電了, 我獨(dú)自一人, 沒有辦法和家人聯(lián)系。

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這是一份專題06 必修三Unit 6知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語法梳理精練——2022-2023學(xué)年高一英語下學(xué)期期末知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講+訓(xùn)練學(xué)案（外研版2019），文件包含專題06知識(shí)串講必修三Unit6知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語法梳理精練解析版docx、專題06知識(shí)串講必修三Unit6知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語法梳理精練原卷版docx等2份學(xué)案配套教學(xué)資源，其中學(xué)案共28頁， 歡迎下載使用。

專題05 必修三Unit 5知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語法梳理精練——2022-2023學(xué)年高一英語下學(xué)期期末知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講+訓(xùn)練學(xué)案（外研版2019）：

這是一份專題05 必修三Unit 5知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語法梳理精練——2022-2023學(xué)年高一英語下學(xué)期期末知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講+訓(xùn)練學(xué)案（外研版2019），文件包含專題05知識(shí)串講必修三Unit5知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語法梳理精練解析版docx、專題05知識(shí)串講必修三Unit5知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語法梳理精練原卷版docx等2份學(xué)案配套教學(xué)資源，其中學(xué)案共26頁， 歡迎下載使用。

英語朗讀寶

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專題04 必修三Unit 4知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語法梳理精練——2022-2023學(xué)年高一英語下學(xué)期期末知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講+訓(xùn)練學(xué)案（外研版2019）

專題04 必修三Unit 4知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語法梳理精練——2022-2023學(xué)年高一英語下學(xué)期期末知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講+訓(xùn)練學(xué)案（外研版2019）
專題03 必修三Unit 3知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語法梳理精練——2022-2023學(xué)年高一英語下學(xué)期期末知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講+訓(xùn)練學(xué)案（外研版2019）

專題03 必修三Unit 3知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語法梳理精練——2022-2023學(xué)年高一英語下學(xué)期期末知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講+訓(xùn)練學(xué)案（外研版2019）
專題02 必修三Unit 2知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語法梳理精練——2022-2023學(xué)年高一英語下學(xué)期期末知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講+訓(xùn)練學(xué)案（外研版2019）

專題02 必修三Unit 2知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語法梳理精練——2022-2023學(xué)年高一英語下學(xué)期期末知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講+訓(xùn)練學(xué)案（外研版2019）
專題01 必修三Unit 1知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語法梳理精練——2022-2023學(xué)年高一英語下學(xué)期期末知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講+訓(xùn)練學(xué)案（外研版2019）

專題01 必修三Unit 1知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語法梳理精練——2022-2023學(xué)年高一英語下學(xué)期期末知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講+訓(xùn)練學(xué)案（外研版2019）
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