專題02 必修三Unit 2知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語法梳理精練——2022-2023學(xué)年高一英語下學(xué)期期末知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講+訓(xùn)練學(xué)案（外研版2019）-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

專題02 【知識(shí)串講】必修三Unit 2知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語法梳理精練
contribution n. 貢獻(xiàn)；捐獻(xiàn)；稿件【教材原句】the contribution these people made to society 這些人對(duì)社會(huì)的貢獻(xiàn)make contributions/a contribution to/towards (doing)… 對(duì)……作出貢獻(xiàn)contribute v. 貢獻(xiàn)；導(dǎo)致；有助于；投稿contribute...to/towards... (把……)貢獻(xiàn)給……；(向……)捐款；投稿contribute to 對(duì)……作出貢獻(xiàn)；促成，導(dǎo)致；有助于relief n. 減輕，緩解；寬慰；輕松；減輕痛苦的事物【教材原句】The amount of relief and comfort experienced by the sick after the skin has been carefully washed and dried, is one of the commonest observations made at a sick bed.在病人的皮膚被仔細(xì)地清洗和晾干之后，病人所感受到的放松和舒適是在病床上最常見的觀察之一。in/with relief 如釋重負(fù)；松了口氣 to one's relief 令人感到欣慰的是It's a relief to do sth. 做某事是令人欣慰的 What a relief! 終于可以松口氣了！謝天謝地！relieve v. 使輕松；寬慰；緩解effective adj. 有效的；產(chǎn)生預(yù)期效果的【教材原句】Now tick the solutions that you think are most effective to supply Africa with fresh water.現(xiàn)在選擇你認(rèn)為非常有效的解決方案，為非洲提供淡水。effect n. 效果，作用；影響 side effect 副作用have an/no effect on... 對(duì)…有/沒有影響 come into effect 開始生效take effect 見效，生效 in effect 實(shí)際上；在實(shí)施中effectively adv. 有效地 affect v. 影響recycle v. 再利用，回收利用【教材原句】recycle waste water回收利用廢水recycled adj. 回收利用的，再生的earn vt. 獲得；賺，掙得【教材原句】At first, his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa.起初，他的計(jì)劃是掙錢在非洲某個(gè)地方打一口井。earn money＝make money 賺錢 earn one's living＝make a living 維持生活；謀生donate vt. 捐贈(zèng)，捐獻(xiàn)【教材原句】He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money.他開始向同學(xué)和鄰居尋求幫助，并說服他們捐款。donate...to... 向……捐助……donation n. 捐贈(zèng) make a donation to... 向……捐助……make a difference 有作用(關(guān)系、影響)【教材原句】At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth filled him. He really had made a difference for these children.起初瑞安很緊張，但很快他就感到一陣溫暖。他真的給這些孩子帶來了改變。make no/little difference to 對(duì)……沒有影響/作用make some/much difference to 對(duì)……有些/很大影響/作用reality n. 現(xiàn)實(shí)，真實(shí)【教材原句】This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality.這樣的深刻見解由一名六歲男孩的堅(jiān)決態(tài)度蛻變而成，這名男孩擁有實(shí)現(xiàn)自己夢(mèng)想的勇氣和毅力。in reality 事實(shí)上 become reality 實(shí)現(xiàn)，變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)turn...into reality 使……成為現(xiàn)實(shí) bring sb. back to reality 使某人回到現(xiàn)實(shí)real adj. 真的 really adj. 真正地break into a smile突然笑起來【教材原句】He broke into a joyful smile. 他突然喜笑顏開。break away (from...) 逃脫；脫離 break in 打斷，插嘴；強(qiáng)行闖入break down 出故障，拋錨；失敗；崩潰，瓦解；分解break off 使折斷；突然終止；中斷(談話等)break out (戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)等)突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)break up 打碎；(關(guān)系)破裂，分手；(會(huì)議等)結(jié)束give up 放棄，交出【教材原句】Two thousand dollars was a lot of money, but Ryan didn't give up.2 000美元是一大筆錢，但瑞恩沒有放棄。give away 泄露；出賣；捐贈(zèng) give back 歸還；使恢復(fù)give in 投降；屈服，讓步 give in to 屈服于…，向…讓步give off 發(fā)出(氣味、光、熱、聲音等) give out 分發(fā)；發(fā)出(光、熱、信號(hào)等)；發(fā)表；用完determined adj. 下定決心的；堅(jiān)決的；意志堅(jiān)定的【教材原句】He was determined to help other children have clean water. 他決心幫助其他孩子喝干凈的水。be determined to do sth. 下決心去做某事 determine v. 決定；確定；測(cè)定；下定決心determination n. 決心；堅(jiān)定；毅力disability n．殘疾，殘障；缺陷take up 開始從事；占據(jù)；拿起【教材原句】Since 1953, UNICEF has taken up an extended mission to help children in the developing world, including those living with diseases or disabilities, and those affected by rapid modernisation and environmental problems.自1953年以來，聯(lián)合國兒童基金會(huì)就開始履行一項(xiàng)長期的使命，幫助發(fā)展中國家的兒童，包括那些患有疾病或殘疾的兒童，以及那些受到快速現(xiàn)代化和環(huán)境問題影響的兒童。disabled adj. 有殘疾的，無能力的 able adj. 能；能夠；有才能的 be able to do 能夠做某事unable adj. 不能，不會(huì)的 be unable to do 不能做某事enable v. 使能夠 enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能做某事ability n. 能力；才能；本領(lǐng) the ability to do sth. 做某事的能力take away 拿走；帶走；奪走 take down 記下；拆卸take in 吸收；理解；欺騙；接受，接納 take on 呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔(dān)take off 脫下；起飛；休假；(事業(yè))騰飛；匆忙離去；移除，刪除take over 接管，接任sensitive adj. 敏感的，容易生氣的【教材原句】He's sensitive and rather serious, which sometimes makes him appear to be a little bookish.他敏感而且相當(dāng)嚴(yán)肅，這有時(shí)使他顯得有點(diǎn)兒書生氣。be sensitive to 對(duì)……敏感generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的hesitate v. 猶豫，遲疑【教材原句】She's usually very shy, but she's generous and never hesitates to help.她通常很害羞，但很慷慨，幫助別人從不猶豫。be generous with sth. 不吝惜某物 be generous to sb. 對(duì)某人慷慨It is generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是慷慨大方generosity n. 慷慨，大方hesitate to do sth. 猶豫做某事；不愿做某事 hesitate about/over (doing) sth. (做)某事猶豫不決hesitation n. 猶豫，遲疑 without hesitation 毫不猶豫地assistance n．幫助，援助play an important role/part in 在…中起重要作用【教材原句】In China, volunteers are also playing an increasingly important role in environmental protection, disability assistance and many other fields.在中國，志愿者在環(huán)境保護(hù)、殘疾人救助及許多其他領(lǐng)域也正發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。with the assistance of... 在……的幫助下assist v. 幫助，援助 assist (sb.) in doing sth. 幫助(某人)做某事assist sb. with sth. 在某事上幫助某人 assistant n. 助理，助手 play the part of 扮演……角色be/get involved in 被包括在…中；參與，參加；牽涉進(jìn)，被卷入【教材原句】Think about other voluntary work you would like to be involved in, and have a similar conversation. 想想你想要參與的其他志愿工作，并進(jìn)行類似的對(duì)話。 involve vt. 包含，包括；涉及；使參加；使卷入involve doing sth. 包括做某事 involve sb./sth in (doing) sth. 使某人/物介入(做)某事be/get involved with 參與；卷入；涉及on/upon doing… 一…就…【教材原句】On leaving school, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France.一離開學(xué)校,溫頓就去了德國和法國的銀行工作。 “一…就…”幾種表達(dá)方法：as soon as immediately/directly/instantlythe moment/minute/second/instant hardly/scarcely...when...no sooner...than...aid v. 幫助，援助【教材原句】In December 1938, a friend asked Winton to come to Prague to aid people who were escaping from the Nazis.????????????? ????????????? 1938年12月，一位朋友邀請(qǐng)溫頓去布拉格幫助那些逃離納粹的人。aid sb. in/with sth. = aid sb. in doing sth. 幫助某人做某事first aid 急救 financial aid 經(jīng)濟(jì)援助with/without the aid of 在/沒有…`的幫助下 in aid of 為了幫助…the majority of 大多數(shù)rise to one's feet 站起身來as 當(dāng)…時(shí)；因?yàn)?；正如；?/span>…一樣；作為；即使，盡管（從句須倒裝）【教材原句】A shocked Winton watched as the majority of people rose to their feet.當(dāng)大多數(shù)人站起來時(shí)，溫頓震驚地看著。the majority 大眾，大多數(shù)人major adj. 較大的；主要的；n. 專業(yè)；v. 以……為專業(yè)，主修minority n. 少數(shù) minor adj. 較小的；次要的；v. 輔修escape from 從…逃脫，逃離【教材原句】He went to Prague to help refugees escape from the Nazis. 他去布拉格幫助難民逃離納粹的魔掌。 escape to逃往 escape narrowly 僥幸逃脫have a narrow escape 死里逃生be confident about... 對(duì)……有信心【教材原句】He’s always confident about everything. 他對(duì)任何事都很自信。have/show confidence in 對(duì)……有信心 lose confidence in... 對(duì)……失去信心with confidence 自信地confident adj. 有信心的，確信的 confidently adv. 自信地achievement n. 成績，成就【教材原句】Later, Winton received various honours for his achievement, including a knighthood in 2003, and the Czech government’s highest honour, the Order of the White Lion, in 2014.后來，溫頓因他的成就獲得了各種榮譽(yù)，包括2003年的爵士稱號(hào)，以及2014年捷克政府的最高榮譽(yù)——白獅子勛章。a sense of achievement 成就感 make a great achievement 取得偉大的成就achieve vt. 完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)，達(dá)到 achieve/realise one’s dream/aim實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想/目標(biāo)treatment n. 治療；療法；對(duì)待【教材原句】Worked as the leader of a research team aiming to discover a treatment for malaria.在一個(gè)旨在發(fā)現(xiàn)瘧疾的治療方法的研究小組里擔(dān)任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。under treatment 正在治療treat v. 治療；對(duì)待，看待；招待，款待；n. 招待，款待treat sb like/as... 把某人當(dāng)……看待 treat sth seriously 認(rèn)真對(duì)待某事treat sb/oneself to 用…款待某人/自己 It’s my treat. 我請(qǐng)客
過去分詞作定語結(jié)構(gòu)：done位置：1) 前置定語：通常情況下，單個(gè)過去分詞作前置定語，即放在所修飾詞之前。2) 后置定語：過去分詞短語或某些單個(gè)過去分詞作定語時(shí)往往作后置定語，即放在所修飾詞之后意義：1) 過去分詞作后置定語時(shí)表被動(dòng)2) 過去分詞作前置定語時(shí)可表被動(dòng)、完成或“感到…的”修飾人organized crime 有組織的犯罪（表被動(dòng)）boiled water 開水（表完成） fallen leaves 落葉（表完成）excited 感到激動(dòng)的 frightened 感到害怕的過去分詞（done）與現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）作前置定語的區(qū)別過去分詞作前置定語時(shí)可表被動(dòng)、完成或“感到…的”修飾人現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語時(shí)可表進(jìn)行或“令人感到…的”修飾物或事boiling water 沸水（表進(jìn)行） falling leaves 正在下落的落葉（表進(jìn)行）exciting 令人激動(dòng)的 frightening 令人害怕的，嚇人的非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語的所有結(jié)構(gòu)：主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般doingdone將來to doto be done進(jìn)行 being done 一、根據(jù)首字母或中文提示完成句子。1．（2023秋·廣東肇慶·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven_________(主要的) states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. 2．（2023·全國·高一期末）After the earthquake many ________(疾病) spread quickly in that area and killed many people. 3．（2023秋·重慶·高一西南大學(xué)附中?？计谀?/span>The elderly man made unbelievable ________ (貢獻(xiàn))towards reducing industrial accidents in the last century.4．（2023秋·廣東廣州·高一統(tǒng)考期末）The money was ______(贈(zèng)) by a local businessman. 5．（2023秋·重慶九龍坡·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Taking risks is the only way employees can provide________(有效的）and efficient customer service. 6．（2023秋·浙江衢州·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Zhong Nanshan, a medical scientist, has made a great c_____________ to the control of the COVID-19. 7．（2023秋·江蘇泰州·高一靖江高級(jí)中學(xué)校考期末）Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a s ________ human soul brings them to our attention. 8．（2023·全國·高一期末）Attitude plays a m________ role in achieving what we want. 9．（2022春·天津·高一校聯(lián)考期末）The little fish are very s_______ to water temperature and hare hard to raise. 10．（2022春·廣東江門·高一?？计谀?/span>He worked in a hospital for ten years nursing c________ (癌癥) patients.二、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子1．（2023秋·吉林·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Those who love nature are more likely to make ________ (contribute) to wildlife preservation.2．（2023秋·重慶·高一西南大學(xué)附中校考期末）The Southwest University provides a variety of ________(major), ranging from education to psychology, for students to choose from.3．（2023秋·重慶·高一重慶市松樹橋中學(xué)校校考期末）With the government’s help, those people________ (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.4．（2023秋·新疆烏魯木齊·高一?？计谀?/span>I am glad to say the new rules will become ___________ (effect) in the next few days.5．（2023秋·山東淄博·高一校考期末）A team of scientists________ (lead) by Professor Eli Shlizerman at the University of Washington has now found the answer.6．（2023秋·重慶長壽·高一重慶市長壽中學(xué)校校考期末）We have decided to take no________ (far) action after the discussion..7．（2022春·河南信陽·高一信陽高中?？计谀?/span>The organization is called Root Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm ________ (found).8．（2022春·黑龍江哈爾濱·高一哈九中?？计谀?/span>In Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle ______ (injure) in a forest fire.9．（2022春·黑龍江哈爾濱·高一哈爾濱三中?？计谀?/span>These charities depend on the sympathetic feelings and ______ (generous) of the general public.10．（2023秋·山東淄博·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Imagine mountains _____(wrap) in silver water, shining in the spring sun.三、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2023秋·天津·高一耀華中學(xué)?？计谀?/span>The girl ________ in an orange astronaut suit was the only student at her school to join the important activity on April 20.A．dressing B．to be dressed C．having dressed D．dressed2．（2023秋·新疆烏魯木齊·高一校考期末）His cousin was very____ to give him so much money for buying CDs.A．attractive B．generous C．charming D．effective3．（2023秋·廣東廣州·高一廣州市第二中學(xué)?？计谀?/span>Anne’s diary, first ________ in 1947, has become one of the world’s most widely read books and ________ into 67 languages.A．publishing; is being translated B．published; is being translatedC．publishing; has been translated D．published; has been translated4．（2023秋·江西吉安·高一江西省泰和中學(xué)統(tǒng)考期末）The country environment was having a _______ effect on children’s health.A．full B．positive C．little D．major5．（2022春·天津·高一校聯(lián)考期末）________ for his athletic ability and devotion, Kobe Bryant has been regarded as an idol by most young basketball fans.A．Admiring B．To be admired C．Admired D．Be admired6．（2022春·湖南邵陽·高一統(tǒng)考期末）The experiment _____in your article is interesting.A．mentioned B．to mention C．mentioning D．mention7．（2022春·黑龍江哈爾濱·高一哈九中校考期末）A high increase in investment will lay a solid _______ for economic growth in the near future.A．registration B．foundation C．confirmation D．institution8．（2022春·天津東麗·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Most colleges now offer students a lesson ______ to help them succeed.A．designed B．designing C．to design D．being designed9．（2022春·天津和平·高一校聯(lián)考期末）Mr. Zhang has retired, but he still remembers the happy time________ with his students.A．to spend B．spend C．spending D．spent10．（2022春·黑龍江牡丹江·高一牡丹江市第二高級(jí)中學(xué)?？计谀?/span>The actress, ______ for her wonderful acting skill, will be interviewed by Mongo TV next week.A．to know B．knowing C．being known D．known11．（2022秋·廣東廣州·高一華南師大附中校考期末）The goods ______ on the Internet are cheaper than ______ we buy in shops.A．be bought; that B．bought; those C．bought; that D．be bought; those12．（2022秋·江西吉安·高一統(tǒng)考期末）We cannot always______ the traditions handed down to us from the past.A．establish B．observe C．donate D．forgive13．（2022秋·上海金山·高一上海市金山中學(xué)?？计谀?/span>The rare fish, ______ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A．saved B．saving C．to be saved D．having saved14．（2022秋·廣東廣州·高一鐵一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期末）With reference to your ________ position, I have the pleasure to say that I am the just person you are asking for.A．being advertised B．being advertising C．advertised D．advertising15．（2022秋·廣東廣州·高一華南師大附中校考期末）Friendship, ______ on mutual respect and ______ feelings and activities, tends to last long.A．based; shared B．basing; shared C．based; sharing D．basing; sharing

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